2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号98

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Smallasitis,theantisasmuchacreatureas（

）allotheranimalsonearth.

问题1选项

A.are

B.do

C.is

D.have

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法中的主谓一致。Smallasitis是一个倒装句，是由as引导的让步状语从句，正常语序应为asitissmall，而theantisas...as...第二个as后是一个倒装句，主语为allotheranimals，因此谓语动词应为are。故本题正确答案为A。句意：蚂蚁虽小，但它是和地球上其它动物一样的生物。

2.单选题

Airpollution（

）tomanykindsofdiseases.

问题1选项

A.confirms

B.communicates

C.consumes

D.contributes

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。confirm“确认；确定；证实”；communicate“传达；感染；显露”；consume“消耗，消费”；contribute“贡献，捐献”。contributeto“有助于，捐献”。句意：空气污染导致各种疾病。

3.单选题

Whenyouleaveajobwithatraditionalpension,don'tassumeyou'velostthechancetocollectit.You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow."Alotofpeopleforgettheyhaveit,ortheythinkthatbywaitinguntilthey're65,they'llhaveabiggerbenefit,"saysWayneBogosian,presidentofthePFEGroup,whichprovidescorporatepre-retirementeducation.

Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.Ifit'slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000.Ifyourpensionisworthmorethan$5,000,oryourcompanydoesn'tofferthelump-sumoption,findouthowmuchmoneyyou'reeligibleforattheplan'snormalretirementage,theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.You'llprobablystillcomeoutaheadbytakingthemoneynowandinvestingit.

Whatifyouleftajobyearsago,andyou'rerealizingyoumayhaveunwittinglyleftbehindapension?GethelpfromthePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporation.Ithasanonlinesearchtoolthathashelpedlocate$47millioninlostbenefitsformorethan12,000workers.

Ifyouhaveatraditionalpension,retiringearlycostsmorethanyoumightexpect.Mostpeopleassumeyoutakeaproportionalcutforleavingbeforeyourplan'snormalretirementage.Forexample,youmightthinkthatifyouneedtoaccrue30yearsofserviceandyouleavethreeyearsearly,you'dgetapension90percentofthefullamount.

Butthat'snothowitworks.Instead,youtakeanactuarialreduction,determinedbytheemployerbutoftenaround5%ayear,foreachyearyouleaveearly.Soretiringthreeyearsearlycouldleaveyouwithonly85%ofthetotalamount.

Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.Ifyouretirewhenyou're55,forexample,andstartusingthetraditionalpensionthen,byage65you'llhaveonlyabouthalfofwhatyouwould'vehadifyou'dkeptworkinguntil65.

1.Whenoneleavesajobwithatraditionalpension（）.

2.Iftheretiree'spensionislessthan$5,000,itiswiseofhimto（）.

3.Ifoneretiresearlywithadefined-contributionplan,heisexpectedto（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthesubtitleforthelastthreeparagraphs?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?

问题1选项

A.hetendstoforgetthathehasthepension

B.hehasnorighttoaskforthepension

C.he'llhaveabiggerbenefitthanifhewaitsuntiltheageof65

D.hehasaspecifiedworthofpension

问题2选项

A.askthecompanyforalump-sumpayout

B.requirehisformerbosstofigureoutthevalueofhispension

C.takethepensionwithhimandmakeaprofitoutofit

D.collectthepensionathisretirementplan'snormalretirementage

问题3选项

A.earnlessinterest

B.bebetteroilthanwithatraditionalpension

C.startinvestmentimmediately

D.getlessSocialSecuritybenefits

问题4选项

A.YourPayoutIsNotGuaranteed

B.LeaveEarly,LoseBig

C.TheRetirementDilemma

D.TakethePensionwithYou

问题5选项

A.Ifoneleaves3yearsearlyona30-year-servicebasis,hewon'tgetapensionworth27/30.

B.Itpaystogetanearlyretirementifoneunderstandshowretirementpensionplanworks.

C.ThePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporationhelpstheretireetorecoverlostbenefits.

D.Ifonekeepshisexpenseswithinhisretirementframework,hewon'tbeseverelyaffected.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第一段You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow以及第二段Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.可知，如果你之前的工作有传统养老金，那么退休之后你就得到一笔一定数目的养老金。故本题正确答案为D选项

2.细节事实题。题干询问：如果退休人员的养老金账户不足5000美元，他怎么做会比较明智。根据原文第二段Ifit’slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000可知，如果少于5000美元，或者公司提供一次性支付，那么就会关闭养老金账户，把钱取出来做20年额投资，以8%的利率计算就是23000美元。由此可知C选项“拿着养老金（投资）赚取利润”最符合题意，故本题正确答案为C项。

3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.可知，如果你有固定缴款计划，而你提前退休了，那么问题就出现了。你开始把钱花在本可以赚取利息的投资项目上。后面举例说明：如果你在55岁时退休，然后开始使用传统的养老金，那么到65岁时，你的养老金只有你一直工作到65岁时的一半左右。由此可知，A选项“赚得的利息变少”最符合题意，故本题正确答案为A项。

4.推理判断题。题干询问：下列哪一项适合作为最后三段的小标题？分析原文可知，文章最后三段主要讲的是提前退休与养老金的关系，过早退休开始使用养老金，会比工作到正常退休年龄损失大。因此，B选项“提前退休，损失巨大”最适合作为最后三段的标题，故本题正确答案为B项。

5.推理判断题。题干询问：下列哪一项表述不正确？选项B表示“如果一个人了解退休养老汁划的运行机制，那么提前退休是划算的”明显错误，由最后一段可知，提前退休会造成养老金减少，所以提前退休损失很大。其余选项与原文表述均相符，故本题正确答案为B选项。

4.单选题

Whetheryoulivetoeatoreattolive,foodisamajor（）ineveryfamily’sbudget.

问题1选项

A.nutrition

B.expenditure

C.routine

D.provision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项nutrition表示“营养；营养学；营养品”；B选项expenditure表示“支出，花费；经费，消费额”；C选项routine表示“程序；日常工作；例行公事”；D选项provision表示“规定；条款；准备；供应品”。根据句意可知，食物在每个家庭的预算中都是主要的支出，因此B选项最符合句意。故本题正确答案为B。

5.单选题

Thehealth-careeconomyisfilledwithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror"provider"andpurchaseror"consumer”inthetypicaldoctor-patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Suchcondition,howeverdoesnotprevailinmostofthehealth-careindustry.

Inthehealth-careindustry,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician—andeventhentheremaybenorealchoice—itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn"nextWednesday",whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhenthediseaseisregardedasserious.

Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor'sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal"consumer."Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.

Althoughusuallythereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants-thephysician,thehospital,thepatient,andthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarrierorgovernment)—thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionsforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician;thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital,andforthemostpartthepatientplaysapassiverole.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economydirectedatpatientsorthegeneralarerelativelyineffective.

1.Theauthor'sprimarypurposeisto（

）.

2.Itcaninferredthatdoctorsareabletodeterminehospitalpoliciesbecause

（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientto"returnnextWednesday",thedoctorisineffect

（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyleadingupto

（

）.

5.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbelikelytoagree?

问题1选项

A.criticizedoctorsforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatients

B.analyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealth-care

C.urgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthority

D.informpotentialpatientsoftheirhealth-carerights

问题2选项

A.itisdoctorswhogenerateincomeforthehospital

B.mostofpatient'sbillsarepaidbyhishealthinsurance

C.adoctorisultimatelyresponsibleforapatient'shealth

D.somepatientsmightrefusetoaccepttheirphysician'sadvice

问题3选项

A.instructingthepatienttobuymoremedicalservices

B.warningthepatientthatahospitalstaymightbenecessary

C.advisingthepatienttoseekasecondopinion

D.admittingthattheinitialvisitwasineffective

问题4选项

A.aproposalofcontrolmedicalcosts

B.adiscussionofanewmedicaltreatment

C.ananalysisofthecauseofinflationintheUnitedStates

D.astudyoflawsuitsagainstdoctorsformalpractice

问题5选项

A.Fewpatientsarereluctanttoobjecttothecourseofthetreatmentprescribedbyadoctorortoquestionthecostoftheservices.

B.Themoreserioustheillnessofapatient,thelesslikelyitisthatthepatientwillobjecttothecourseoftreatmentprescribedortoquestionthecostofservices.

C.Thepayer,whetherinsurancecarrierorthegovernment,islesslikelytoacquiescetodemandsforpaymentwhentheillnessofthepatientisregardedasserious.

D.BothAandB.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段提到在经济的大部分领域购买者做出决定，但在医学领域却不是如此（Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Suchcondition,howeverdoesnotprevailinmostofthehealth-careindustry.）文章主要讲述了卫生保健领域医生和病人奇怪的经济关系，其他几段分析了这种关系的不同之处，因此选项B符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文章第三段最后一句话提到“因此，在医院的政策和决策中，医务人员是‘权力中心’，而不是行政部门”（Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration），根据asaconsequence可知，原因在该句的前面，Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal"consumer."（难怪在医院的眼里医生才是真正的消费者）。也就是说医生决定了医院的收入，选项A符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章第二段提到“医生通常做出所有重大的购买决定，如：病人是否应该在下周三回医院”（itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn"nextWednesday"），选项A“指导病人买更多的医疗服务”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。最后一段作者指出75-80%的医疗花费是由医生决定的，而不是病人（Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients），因此针对病人或一般人的节约是相对无效的（Forthisreason,economydirectedatpatientsorthegeneralarerelativelyineffective），由此可以看出作者对这种做法是持否定意见的，所以作者接下来可能会提出一些建议来改变这种行为，选项A“控制医疗成本的建议”符合题意。

5.观点态度题。文章第二段最后一句提到很少有病人会为价格问题来质疑医生，尤其是那些病重的病人（Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhenthediseaseisregardedasserious），选项A的大意是很少有病人不愿意反对医生，与原文不符合，因此符合题意。

6.单选题

Themanagerspokehighlyofsuch（

）asloyalty,courageandtruthfulnessshownbyhisemployees.

问题1选项

A.virtues

B.features

C.properties

D.characteristics

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。virtue“美德，优秀品质”；feature“特征，特点”；property“特性，性能，财产”；characteristic“特征，特点”。句意：经理高度赞扬了员工所体现的忠诚、勇敢和诚实的优秀品质。题干中的loyalty，courage和truthfulness都属于“优秀的品质”，因此答案选A。

7.单选题

Itisreportedthatfewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（

）thesamecompany.

问题1选项

A.muchworse

B.lesslikely

C.allelse

D.letalone

【答案】D

【解析】句意:据报道，如今越来越少的工人愿意一辈子从事一个领域的工作，更不用说在一个公司了。

考查短语辨析。muchworse更糟糕的是;lesslikely最不可能的是;allelse其他一切；letalone更不用说。故D符合句意。

8.单选题

Whencompaniesdobusinessoverseas,theycomeincontactwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Theseindividualsoftenspeakadifferentlanguageandhavetheirownparticularcustomandmanners.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.

Forexample,inFrance,businessmeetingsbeginpromptlyatthedesignatedtimeandeveryoneisexpectedtobethere.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoaretardyareoftenleftoutsidetocooltheirheelsasameansoflettingthemknowtheimportanceofpromptness.Unlessoneisawareofsuchexpectedbehaviorshemayendupinsultingthepeoplewithwhomhehopestoestablishtraderelations.

Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.Forexample,ifatransactionisconductedwithRussia,paymentmaybemadeinrubles.Ofcourse,thiscurrencyisoflittlevaluetotheAmericanfirm.Itis,therefore,necessarytoconverttheforeigncurrencytoAmericandollars.HowmucharetheseRussianrublesworthintermsofdollars?Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.Thusthereisanestablishedrate,althoughitwilloftenfluctuatefromdaytoday.Forexample,therublemaybeworth0.75onMondayand0.72onTuesdaybecauseofanannouncedwheatshortageinRussia.Inaddition,thereisthedilemmaassociatedwithconvertingat0.72.Somefinancialinstitutionsmaybeunwillingtopaythisprice,feelingthattherublewillsinkmuchloweroverthenextweek.Asaresult,conversionmayfinallycomeat0.69.These“losses”mustbeacceptedbythecompanyasoneofthecostsofdoingbusinessoverseas.

Athirduniqueproblemistradebarriers.Foronereasonoranother,allcountriesimposetradebarriersoncertaingoodscrossingtheirborders.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.Forexample,theUnitedStatespermitsstrategicmilitarymaterialtobeshippedabroadonlyaftergovernmentpermissionhasbeenobtained.Mosttradebarriers,however,aredesignedtorestrictimport.Twoofthemostcommonimportbarriersarequotasandtariffs.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（

）.

2.InFrance,tardybusinesspeople

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,conversionrates

（

）.

4.Theintendedaudienceofthispassageare

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingislikelytobediscussedinthenextparagraph?

问题1选项

A.HowtoSucceedinInternationalTrade

B.MonetaiyConversion

C.TradeBarriers

D.UniqueProblemsinInternationalTrade

问题2选项

A.areofteninsulted

B.oftensufferfromcoldness

C.areoftenleftoutdoorswaiting

D.areoftenaskedtopolishtheirshoes

问题3选项

A.arealwaysnotchanging

B.aredeterminedbyfinancialinstitutions

C.areagreeduponbytwotradingcountries

D.varyfromdaytoday

问题4选项

A.professorsofeconomics

B.postgraduatestudentsofinternationaltrade

C.beginnersofbusiness

D.businesspeople

问题5选项

A.Exporttradebarriers.

B.Quotasandtariffs.

C.Reasonsforimposingtradingbarriers.

D.Measurestobreakdowntradebarriers.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段先指出“当企业从事海外业务时通常都会接触到来着不同文化的人”,后面分别从时间观、货币兑换以及贸易壁垒三个方面举例阐述并给出建议。故A项“如何在国际贸易中获得成功”最适合做文章标题。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词tardybusinesspeople定位至第二段:Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoaretardyareoftenleftoutsidetocooltheirheelsasameansoflettingthemknowtheimportanceofpromptness(迟到的外贸业务人员通常会遭遇长吋间等候，这也是一种让他们知道准吋的重要性的方法)。因此C项“通常需要在门外等候”正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词conversionrates定位至第三段:Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.Thusthereisanestablishedrate,althoughitwilloftenfluctuatefromdaytoday(汇率是由支持货币流通的市场情况决定的。因此，尽管汇率每天都会波动，但也会有一个既定的比率),故选C“每天都会变化”。

4.判断推理题。文章主要讨论的是海外贸易过程中可能遇到的因地区差异导致的问题,因此推测文章的目标受众是“商业人士”。

5.判断推理题。最后一段讲到了国际贸易中的第三个问题-贸易壁垒,最后一句指出:Twoofthemostcommonimportbarriersarequotasandtariffs(两种最主要的进口壁垒就是配额与关税),因此推测下一段将讨论“配额与关税”。

9.单选题

Itiswellknownthatteenageboystendtodobetter（1）maththangirls,thatmalehighschoolstudentsaremorelikelythantheirfemalecounterparts

（2）advancedmathcourseslikecalculus,thatvirtuallyallthegreatmathematicians

（3）

men.Arewomenbornwith（4）mathematicalability?Ordoessociety’ssexismslowtheirprogress?In1980,twoJohnsHopkinsUniversityresearcherstried

（5）theeternalnature/nurturedebate.JulianStanleyandCamillaBenbow

（6）10,000talentedseventhandeighthgradersbetween1972and1979.UsingtheScholasticAptitudeTest,inwhichmathquestionsaremeanttomeasureabilityratherthanknowledge,theydiscovered

（7）sexdifferences.（8）

theverbalabilitiesofthemalesandfemales

（9）differed,twiceasmanyboysasgirlsscoredover500(onascaleof200to800)onmathematicalability;atthe700level,theratiowas14to1.Theconclusion:maleshave

（10

）superiormathematicalreasoningability.

BenbowandStanley’sfindings,（11）werepublishedin“Science”，disturbedsomemenand（12）women.NowthereiscomfortforthosepeopleinanewstudyfromtheUniversityofChicagothatsuggestsmath

（13）not,afterall,anaturalmaledomain.Prof.ZalmanUsiskinstudied1,366tenthgraders.Theywereselectedfromgeometryclassesandtestedontheirabilitytosolvegeometryproofs,asubjectrequiring（

14）—abstractreasoningandspatialability.Theconclusion（15）byUsiskin:therearenosexdifferencesinmathability.

问题1选项

A.at

B.top

C.of

D.about

问题2选项

A.intackling

B.tackling

C.totackle

D.abouttackling

问题3选项

A.mightbe

B.havebeen

C.mustbe

D.hadbeen

问题4选项

A.smaller

B.less

C.fewer

D.notmore

问题5选项

A.tosettle

B.toset

C.settling

D.setting.

问题6选项

A.weretested

B.havetested

C.weretesting

D.hadtested

问题7选项

A.distinct

B.instinct

C.remotes

D.vague

问题8选项

A.Since

B.However

C.As

D.While

问题9选项

A.scarcelynot

B.virtually

C.largely

D.hardly.

问题10选项

A.superficially

B.universally

C.inherently

D.initially,

问题11选项

A.as

B.that

C.which

D.all

问题12选项

A.few

B.notafew

C.notfew

D.quitefew

问题13选项

A.be

B.were

C.was

D.is

问题14选项

A.noneof

B.neitherof

C.either

D.both

问题15选项

A.got

B.gained

C.reached

D.accomplished

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:D

第10题:C

第11题:C

第12题:B

第13题:D

第14题:D

第15题:C

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。dobetterat...在……方面做得更好。

2.考查固定搭配。belikelytodosth.可能做某事,故选C。

3.语法题。考查时态。空格所在句意为:伟大的数学家几乎…都是男性,这里强调从过去到现在一直存在的事实,因此用现在完成时。

4.语义题。smaller更小的，一般指尺寸、数量等;less和fewer都可以表示更少的，较少的但less修饰不可数名词，fewer修饰可数名词;notmore不多。由关键词ability可知B正确。

5.考查固定搭配。trytodosth.努力做某事。此处动词settle与debate搭配表示“解决争端”。

6.语法题。考查时态。根据关键词between1972and1979可知，此处需耍用过去完成吋态。

7.考查形容词辨析。distinct明显的；instinct本能，天性；remote偏远的，偏僻的；vague模糊的。此处句意为:他们发现不同的性别之间有很大的不同,故选A。

8.考查逻辑关系。逗号前后两个分句之间是对比关系，因此引导词用while。

9.考查副词辨析。scarcely几乎不，一般没有scarcelynot连用的情况；virtually事实上，几乎;largely主要地，在很大程度上；hardly几乎不。前后分句为对比关系。故选D。

10.考查副词辨析。superficially表面地；universally普遍地；inherently固有地，内在地;initially最初。这里想表达“相比女性,男性在数学方面有内在优势”,故选C。

11.语法题。考查从句的引导词。“（

）werepublishedin‘Science’”这部分为非限制性定语从句修饰BenbowandStanley’sfindings，C项which能引导非限制性定语从句,故选C。

12.语义题。few很少的；notafew不少，相当多；没有nowfew和quitefew的用法。此处句意为:这一研究结果让一些男性和很多女性感到不安,故选B。

13.语法题。考查时态和主谓一致。此处需填入系动词,此处主语是math,故排除A和B。根据提示词now可知,D正确。

14.考查固定搭配。both...and...不但…而且…。

15.考查固定搭配。reachaconclusion得出结论。

10.翻译题

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Inthemodernera,therewillbemuchtocelebratebecauseourcivilizationhasachievedbreath-takingadvancesinvirtuallyeveryfieldofhumanendeavour.Andyet,thesequantumleapsinhumanprogresscoexistwithadarkersidetoourcivilizationsuchasarmedconflict,whichmightdestroyentirecommunitiesinthequestforethnicity,religionorrace.Inthecontextofarmedconflict,childrenaretherealvictims.Manywerekilled,permanentlydisabled,displacedororphaned.Worsethanthat,someofthemarecurrentlyunderarmsaskillingmachines.Hence,theSecurityCouncilshouldsetoutitsgoal:advocatingforchildrenwhoarevictimizedormadeespeciallyvulnerable,aswellasmobilizingforconcreteactiontoensuretheirrights,protectionandwelfare.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

贸易增长在很大程度上取决于能源的供应。中东可以开采的原油还有一万亿桶。但是1974年的石油危机使人们对煤再度产生了兴趣并且去寻找可供选择的其它能源。在今后的年代里，太阳能、风能和核能将起到重大的作用。

【答案】A英译中【参考译文】

在如今这个时代，会有许多事情值得庆祝，因为几乎在人类努力的每一个领域我们的文明都取得了惊人的进展。然而，人类进步的这些巨大飞跃与我们文明的黑暗面并存，比如武装冲突，它可能会在寻求种族、宗教或种族的过程中摧毁整个社区。在（发生）武装冲突的情况下，孩子们是真正的受害者。许多人被杀害、永久致残、流离失所或者成为孤儿。比这更糟糕的是，现在这些孩子中的一些人被当作杀人机器武装了起来。因此，安全理事会应确定自己的目标：提倡保护受害或者特别容易受害的儿童，并动员采取具体行动，确保孩子们的权利、保护他们并且提供福利。

B中译英【参考译文】

Thegrowthoftradedependsonenergysuppliestoagreatextent.ThereisstillatrillionbarrelsofrecoverableoilintheMiddleEast.Butthe1974oilcrisismadepeoplereviveinterestincoalandsearchforalternativesourcesofenergy.Intheyearstocome,solar,windandnuclearpowerwillplayabigrole.

11.单选题

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（

）thought,time,andeffort.

问题1选项

A.significant

B.enormous

C.considerable

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】句意:写作是一个缓慢的过程，需要进行大的思考，耗费大量的吋间并付出巨大努力。

考查形容词辨析。significant有重大意义的，显著的；enormous巨大的，庞大的：considerable相当多（或大、重要等）的；numerous众多的，许多的,—般用来修饰可数名词。故选C。

12.单选题

Thepolicemenwentintoaction（

）theyheardthealarm.

问题1选项

A.promptly

B.directly

C.quickly

D.presently

【答案】B

【解析】句意:警察一听到警报就马上行动了起来。

语法题。考查连词。分析题干可知,此处需填入连词连接前后句子。只有B项directly能够作连词，表示“一…就…”。

13.单选题

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople'scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthatthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker'shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerican（

）.

2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?

5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreatestextent?

问题1选项

A.becauseofsmoking

B.thoughtheydon'tsmoke

C.becausetheirparentssmoke

D.thoughtheirparentsdon'tsmoke

问题2选项

A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreathein

B.iftheylivetogether

C.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilities

D.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon'tharmthem

问题3选项

A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking.

B.Somenon-smokersmaydieoflungcancerbecauseofsecondhandsmoking.

C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking.

D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself.

问题4选项

A.Theyaremorelikelytobesick.

B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease.

C.Theytendtohavethebadaffectastheygrowup.

D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer.

问题5选项

A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers.

B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking.

C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking.

D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干要求推断美国53,000人死亡的原因。根据关键词fifty-threethousand定位到文章第一段最后一句可知，这些人的死因是由于exposuretosecondhandsmoke，即“暴露于二手烟中”，由此可以推断死亡者本人不抽烟，故B项“尽管他们不吸烟”正确。而A项“由于吸烟”和C项“因为他们的父母吸烟”明显错误；D选项“尽管他们的父母不抽烟”属于过度推断。因此本题正确答案为B项。

2.细节事实题。根据题干Non-smokers可定位到原文第二段第四句，再根据下一句...almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，不管我们有没有意识到，我们几乎都吸入烟草的烟，所以非吸烟者身体受损的原因是“因为他们吸入有毒的烟”，故A项正确。B选项原文没有提及，C选项与第二段最后一句不符，故排除；D选项根据第二段第三句“甚至非吸烟者身体内有过量的这些化学物质”可以排除。

3.细节事实题。题干要求找出错误选项。A选项“非吸烟者也许会被动吸入二手烟”，根据常识可判断正确；根据第一段最后一句可知非吸烟者可能死于二手烟，所以B选项“有些非吸烟者可能因为吸二手烟而死于肺癌”正确；根据第二段almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，C选项“我们都多多少少遭受二手烟的痛苦”正确；D选项“二手烟比抽烟本身伤害更大”在原文中并未提及，属于无中生有。因此本题答案为D项。

4.细节事实题。题干要求判断四个选项中哪一个不是二手烟对孩子的消极影响。根据题干定位至原文最后一段。由thesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes可知，这些孩子比家里没有人吸烟的更容易生病，故A选项正确，可排除；B选项“他们更可能患心理疾病”在原文中并未提及。根据原文倒数第三句可知，C选项“孩子们长大了也会受二手烟的影响”正确，可排除。根据原文最后一句“父母吸烟的孩子长大后患肺癌的概率是父母不吸烟的孩子的两倍多”可知，D选项“一些非吸烟者可能由于二手烟死于肺癌”正确，可排除。故本题正确答案为B。

5.推理判断题。题干要求判断以下那种孩子受二手烟的伤害最大。根据关键词children定位至最后一段可知，“父母都抽烟的孩子患肺癌的风险更高”。A选项为“5岁以下生活在无人抽烟的家庭的孩子”；B选项为“5岁以下生活在父亲或母亲一方抽烟的家庭的孩子”；C选项为“5岁以下生活在父母都抽烟的家庭的孩子”；D选项“5岁以下不和父母一起生活的孩子”。因此，本题正确答案为C项。

14.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15%)

在团队内部建立友谊

团队的领导者耍懂得如何利用友谊的力量来加强团队合作。在正式的团体会议中，营造一种轻松、友好的气氛非常重要。要努力创造一种氛围使每个成员的发言都得到充分的尊重，让每个人可以畅所欲言。想做到这一点，就要使队员们尽量以朋友，而非同事的方式，来处理相互关系；鼓励每个成员在工作、会议之外进行交谈，多作接触，在轻松的气氛中自由地交换意见和看法。多安排社交活动，创造大家在工作之余聚会碰头的机会，在取得成功时举办庆祝活动等，都有利于团队成员之间建立真正的朋友关系，有利于团结团队，使之成为一个整体。

【答案】BuildFriendshipinaTeam

Teamleadershouldknowhowtoenhanceteamworkbyusingthepoweroffriendship.Inaformalgroupmeeting,effortsshouldbemadetobuildapleasantandfriendlyatmosphereinwhicheachmember’sspeechisfullyrespectedandeveryonecanspeakfreely.Inordertodothis,theteammembershouldberegardedasfriendsnotcolleagues,andmoreover,eachofthemshouldbeencouragedtocommunicateandcontactafterworkandmeetingandexchangeviewsinacomfortableatmosphere.Organizingsocialevents,creatingopportunitiesforpeopletomeetoutsideofoffice,andhol