2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号30

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thepolicewerealertedthattheescapedcriminalmightbeinthe（）.

问题1选项

A.vain

B.vicinity

C.court

D.jail

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项vain“徒劳的”，和介词in搭配意为“徒劳无功的”，中间不接定冠词the；B选项vicinity“邻近，附近”；C选项court“法院，球场”；D选项jail“监狱”。句意：警方被提醒逃犯可能就在附近。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Asadevelopingcountry,wemustkeep（）withtherapiddevelopmentoftheworldeconomy.

问题1选项

A.pace

B.move

C.step

D.speed

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组的固定搭配。A选项pace表示“步速，步伐，速度”；B选项move表示“行动，举措，改变”；C选项step表示“脚步，步骤，步伐”；D选项speed表示“速度，进展”。词组keeppacewith是一个固定搭配，表示“与并驾齐驱，保持一致”。因此本题正确答案为A选项。

3.单选题

Mr.Jonesholdsstrongviewsagainstvideogamesand（

）theclosingofallrecreationfacilitiesforsuchgames.

问题1选项

A.assists

B.acknowledges

C.advocates

D.admits

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A项assist表示“帮助，协助”；B项acknowledge表示“致谢，承认”；C项advocate表示“提倡，拥护”；D项admit表示“承认，容许”。根据句中against可知作者反对电子游戏，所以应该支持closingtherecreationfacilities。句意：琼斯先生强烈反对电子游戏，提倡关闭所有的电子游戏娱乐设施。故本题正确答案为C。

4.单选题

Theyaretryingto（

）thewastedischargedbythefactoryforprofit.

问题1选项

A.expose

B.exhaust

C.exhibit

D.exploit

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他们尝试着通过利用工厂排出的废物來创造利润。

考查动词辨析。expose揭发，揭露;exhaust用完，花光，使筋疲力尽；exhibit展览，显示；exploit运用。故D符合句意。

5.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

WhileitistruethatAmericansbelievethatclimbingtheeducationalladderleadstosuccess,theyarelesscertainthatintellectualachievement,whichisthemainpurposeoftheschools,istheonlyimportantfactorleadingtosuccess.Acompetitive-evenaggressive-personalityisseenasimportanttosuccess,especiallyinmen.Thedevelopmentofsocialandpoliticalskillsarealsoconsideredtobeveryimportant.

TohelpAmericanstodeveloptheseotherimportantskills,schoolshaveaddedalargenumberofextracurricularactivitiestodailylifeatschool.Thisisespeciallytrueofhighschoolsandcollegesbutextendsdownintoelementaryschoolsaswell.

Athletics,frequentlycalled"competitivesports",areperhapsthemostimportantoftheseactivities.Football,basketball,andbaseballteamsareseenasveryimportantinstudents,particularlyboys,the"winningspirit".Attimes,athleticteamsseemtobecomemoreimportanttosomestudentsandtheirparentsthanacademicprogramsofferedbytheschools.

【答案】尽管美国人的确认为教育是通向成功的阶梯，但他们并不确定，作为学校教育主要目的的知识成就是通向成功的唯一重要因素。人们认为争强好胜甚至带有侵略性的个性，对取得成功很重要，特别是对男人而言。社交能力和政治技能的培养也非常重要。

为了帮助美国人培养这些另外的重要技能，学校在日常生活中增加了大量课外活动。高中和大学尤其如此，而且也延伸到了小学。

田径运动，常被称为“竞技体育”，可能是这些活动中最重要的。足球、篮球和棒球队对学生，尤其是男生来说，被视为非常重要的“求胜精神”。有时，对于一些学生和家长来说，运动队似乎比学校提供的学术课程更为重要。

6.单选题

Illnesses（）toworkersinaparticularoccupationareknownasoccupationaldiseases.

问题1选项

A.passive

B.specific

C.resistant

D.harmful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。由句中关键信息occupationaldiseases可知，这种病应该指示某些特定行业的工人才会得病。所以specificto（表示“只限于……的，特定于……”）最符合句意，故本题正确答案为B项。A选项passive表示“被动的；消极的”；C选项resistant表示“抵抗的，顽固的”；D选项harmful表示“有害的，危害的”。【句意】一些疾病只有特定职业的工人会得，被称为职业病。

7.单选题

Monkeysandbeagleswerecentraltorecentstudieslinkingregularphysicalactivityandanenhanceddiettoimprovedbrainfunction.ThemonkeysparticipatedinanOregonHealthandScienceUniversitystudy.Itshowedprimatesthatexercisedregularly~usingatreadmillfivedaysperweek—hadahigherbraincapillaryvolumeafter20weeksthanacontrolgroupthatdidnotexercise.Also,monkeysintheexercisegroupmorerapidlylearnednewtasks.Thestudyshowedthatthemostsignificantbrainbenefitswereexperiencedbymonkeysdeemed“leastfit”atthestartofthetrial.TheOregonresearcherssaidstudyingmonkeyseliminatesanyskewingfromthedecidedlyhumanbehaviorsofsmoking,drinkingandovereating.ThefindingswerediscussedattheannualmeetingoftheSocietyforNeuroscienceinNewOrleans.

Anothernewstudyemployed39beaglestotestthebrain-enhancingeffectivenessofantioxidant-richfoods(especiallythoserichinvitaminsCandEandbetacarotene).UniversityofTorontoresearchersdiscoveredthatolddogsmightpossiblyevenlearnsomenewtrickswiththeproperfortifiedfoodintheirdinnerbowls.“Wefoundolddogsontheantioxidantdietperformedbetteronavarietyofcognitiveteststhandogsnotonthediet,”saidP.DwightTapp,astudyco-authornowbasedattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.”Infact,thedogseatingtheantioxidant-fortifiedfoodsperformedaswellasyoungbeagles.”Fortheuninitiated―orthoseofuswhohaveneverlivedwithanoldbeagleorothercanines—dogscanexperiencethesamememorylossandslowedcognitivefunctionthatoccurinhumans.

Tappandcolleaguesfoundthattheantioxidant-richdiethelpedimprovecognitiveskillsinolddogsbutnotyoungdogs.Afollow-upstudyisongoingtodetermineiffeedingtheyoungerdogsthespecialdiethelpspreventlossofbrainfunction.

ArthurF.Kramerfigurestostickwithhumansinhisbrainresearch.KramerisaprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.Hewasleadauthoronapioneeringstudypublishedearlierthisyearthatshowedpositivephysiologicalchangesinbrainmatterduetoregularexercise.

Thetypicalmanorwomanlosesbrainmatteraspartoftheagingprocess.Inafirst,Kramerandcolleaguesusedmagnetic-resonanceimaging(MRI)scanstoshowthatindividuals55andolderwhoexerciseregularly—walkingbrisklyfor20minutesthreetimesperweek—canpreservegray-andwhite-matterregionsofthebrain.”Thegreatthingisitdoesn'ttaketoolongtorealizethesebenefits,”Kramersaid,“Wesawsignificantcognitiveimprovementinpeople55andolderoverjustsixmonths.“Graymatterconsistsofaseriesofthintissuelayersinbraincellssuchasneuronsthatarecriticaltolearningandmemory.Whitematterisfoundinthemyelinsheathcontainingnervefibersthattransmitsignalsthroughoutthebrain.Aspeopleage,beginningafter30,thetwotypesofmattershrinkinapatterncloselymatchedbydecreasedcognitiveperformance,Kramersaid.Kramerandhiscolleagueshavecompletedothercutting-edgeresearchaboutthebrainandregularphysicalactivity.Onestudyslottedfor2004publicationfollowsuponthegray/white-matterstudy.Preliminaryresultsindicatethatthesamesortofbriskwalkingwillenhancetheperformancecapabilitiesofcorticalcircuitsinthebrain.

“Wearereportingonfunctionandnotjustthephysiologyofthegrayandwhitematter,’，Kramerexplained.Anotherstudytobepublishedin2004buildsonearlierfindingsthatactiveolderwomenonhormone-replacementtherapyexhibitgreatercognitiveabilitiesthanoldermenwhoareregularexercisers.Innewfindings,Kramerandcolleagueshavefoundlessactualbraintissuedeteriorationinwomen55andolderwhohavehigherlevelsofestrogenintheirbodies.Despitebeinga“formerjock,”Kramerdidn'texpectthathisresearchcareerwouldturnsodirectlytowardfitnessandphysicalactivity.Hehasbecomealeadingresearcherintheareaduringthelastdecadeand,alongwithseveralcolleagues,turnedtheUniversityofIllinoisintoarespectedcenterforresearchonhealthyaging.

“Thereisnodownsidetophysicalactivityforolderadultswhogetclearancefromtheirphysicianstostartaprogram,”hesaid,“Weknowitcanhelppreventheartdiseaseandprotectagainststrokedamage.Nowwearebuildingevidencethatregularphysicalactivityallowsyoutothinkbetter.”

1.ThestudyconductedbyOregonHealthandScienceUniversityshowedthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementaboutantioxidant-richfoodsisfalse?

3.ArthurF.Kramerisaprofessorin（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,peoplebegintoageafter（）.

5.FromProfessorKramer’sresearch,wecaninferthat（）.

问题1选项

A.monkeyscanlearnnewtasksmorerapidlyiftheyexercisedregularlythananyotheranimals

B.regularphysicalexercisecanhelptopromotethebrainfunction

C.monkeysaremorecooperativethanhumanbeing

D.monkeysaregoodatusingtreadmill

问题2选项

A.Antioxidant-richfoodsarerichinvitaminsCandEandbetacarotene.

B.Antioxidant-richfoodscanhelpthebraintoperformbetter.

C.Olddogsmightpossiblyevenlearnsomenewtricksiftheyhaveantioxidant-richfoods.

D.Antioxidant-richfoodshelpedimprovecognitiveskillsnotonlyinolddogsbutalsoinyoungdogs.

问题3选项

A.OregonHealthandScienceUniversity

B.theUniversityofToronto

C.theUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine

D.theUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign

问题4选项

A.33

B.55

C.39

D.30

问题5选项

A.gray-andwhite-matterinthebrainareimportantindecidingaperson’scognitiveability

B.whitematteriscriticaltolearningandmemory

C.peoplewhoare55andoldercanonlypreservetheirgray-andwhite-matterinthebrainbywalking

D.6weeksofexercisingregularly—walkingbrisklyfor20minutesthreetimesperweek—isenoughforkeepinghealthy

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据原文第一段“Monkeysandbeagleswerecentraltorecentstudieslinkingregularphysicalactivityandanenhanceddiettoimprovedbrainfunction.”可知，猴子和小猎犬对最近把定期体育活动和加强饮食与改善大脑功能联系起来的研究是极为重要的。而根据“Also,monkeysintheexercisegroupmorerapidlylearnednewtasks.”可知，锻炼组的猴子可以更快地学会新任务。因此，可推测B项“定期体育锻炼能帮助改善大脑功能”正确。A项“如果能定期接受锻炼，那么猴子会比任何其它动物更快地学会新任务”；C项“猴子比人类协作性更强”；D项“猴子擅长使用跑步机”。A、C、D三项均不能由原文推断得出，故本题正确答案为B项。

2.细节事实题。根据原文第三段“Tappandcolleaguesfoundthattheantioxidant-richdiethelpedimprovecognitiveskillsinolddogsbutnotyoungdogs.”可知，Tapp和同事们发现，富含抗氧化剂的饮食有助于改善老狗的认知技能，但对幼狗却没用，因此D项“富含抗氧化剂的食物对老狗和幼狗的智力改善都有帮助”表述错误。根据原文第二段内容可判断，A项“富含抗氧化剂的食物含有丰富的维他命C、E和β-胡萝卜素”；B项“富含抗氧化剂的食物能帮助大脑更好的运转”及C项“如果老狗食用富含抗氧化剂的食物，它们甚至可以学得一些新的技巧”均正确。故本题正确答案为D项。

3.细节事实题。根据原文第四段“KramerisaprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.”可知，Kramer是伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳—香槟分校的一位心理学教授，故D项正确。A项“俄勒冈健康与科学大学”；B项“多伦多大学”；C项“加州大学欧文分校”。

4.细节事实题。根据原文第五段“Aspeopleage,beginningafter30,thetwotypesofmattershrinkinapatterncloselymatchedbydecreasedcognitiveperformance,Kramersaid.”可知，人们是在30岁后开始变老。故D项“30岁”正确。

5.推理判断题。根据原文第五段“Aspeopleage,beginningafter30,thetwotypesofmattershrinkinapatterncloselymatchedbydecreasedcognitiveperformance,Kramersaid.”可知，随着人在30岁后开始变老，这两种物质（即大脑中的灰质和白质）与认知能力的下降密切相关，故A项表述正确。由原文第五段内容可知“（大脑中的）灰质对学习和记忆至关重要”，故B项错误；原文提到有规律的锻炼可以使大脑物质发生积极地变化，故C项“55岁以上的人只能通过走路来保存他们大脑中的灰质和白质”表述片面，不正确；而原文提及“55岁以上的人如果经常进行规律的锻炼——每周三次快走20分钟——就可以保留大部分灰质和白质区域，6个月后，认知能力会有显著提高”，故D项不正确。

8.单选题

ProfessorJohnsonissaid（）somesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyears.

问题1选项

A.making

B.havingmade

C.tomake

D.tohavemade

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。Sbissaid后接动词不定式，表示“据说某人”。用不定式的完成式表示已经发生的动作。此句相当于ItissaidthatProfessorJohnsonhasmadesomesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear．句意：据说约翰逊教授去年在他的研究中取得了重大进展。故本题正确答案为D项。

9.单选题

Whilebeingquestionedonthecourt,themandenied（

）theoldlady’snecklace.

问题1选项

A.havingtaken

B.taking

C.tohavetaken

D.totake

【答案】A

【解析】句意:法庭传训他的吋候，他拒不承认拿了老太太的项链。

考查固定搭配。denydoingsth.否认做了某事。另外由于动作是发生在过去，因此需要用完成时态，故答案选A。

10.单选题

Arecentstudy,publishedinlastweek'sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfromateenagedriver.Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengersisthreetimesaslikelytohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdrivingalone.Bycontrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59decreaseswitheachadditionalpassenger.

Theauthoralsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreaseddramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight.Withpassengersinthecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident.

RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighwaySafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershavelesstodowith"reallystupidbehavior"thanwithjustalackofdrivingexperience."Thebasicissue"hesays,"isthatadultswhoareresponsibleforissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledataskdrivingis."

Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigate(使缓解)theproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems,inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.Agraduatedlicenserequiresthatateenagerfirstprovehimselfcapableofdrivinginthepresenceofanadult,followedbyaperiodofdrivingwithnightofpassengerrestrictions,beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges.

Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedteenagedrivercrashes,accordingtorecentstudies.Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers.Californiaisthestrictest,withanovicedriverprohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20(withoutthepresenceofanadultover25)forthefirstsixmonths.

1.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothepassage?

2.AccordingtoRobertFoss,thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversismainlydueto（

）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenagers'drivingaccidentsisthat

（

）.

5.Thepresentsituationinabouthalfofthestatesisthatthegraduatedlicensingsystem（

）.

问题1选项

A.Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayafter10p.m.

B.Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar.

C.Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight.

D.Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight.

问题2选项

A.theirfrequentdrivingatnight

B.theirimproperwayofdriving

C.theirlackofdrivingexperience

D.theirdrivingwithpassengers

问题3选项

A.Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive.

B.Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn.

C.Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedrivinglessons.

D.Thelicensingauthoritiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagers'drivingaccidents.

问题4选项

A.drivinginthepresenceofanadultshouldbemadearule

B.theyshouldbeprohibitedfromtakingonpassengers

C.theyshouldnotbeallowedtodriveafter10p.m.

D.thelicensingsystemshouldbeimproved

问题5选项

A.isunderdiscussion

B.isabouttobesetup

C.hasbeenputintoeffect

D.hasbeenperfected

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干要求判断四个选项中哪种情况最危险。根据原文前两段可知，青少年驾车载着超过3名乘客出行发生致命事故的概率是那些独自开车青少年的3倍，而青少年司机的死亡率在晚上10点，特别是午夜之后急剧上升。因此，B选项正确。A选项“成年人在晚上10点钟后搭载青少年”与C选项“成年人在晚上很晚时搭载3名以上青少年乘客”均不正确。D选项“青少年在午夜搭陌生人的车”在原文没有提及，可排除。

2.细节事实题。题干询问RobertFoss认为青少年死亡率高的原因。根据题干定位至原文第三段第一句可知，青少年司机的死亡率高与其真正愚蠢的行为关系不大，而是因为他们缺乏驾驶经验，故本题正确答案为C。A选项“频繁在晚上驾驶”：B选项“他们不恰当的驾驶方式”；D选项“他们载乘客驾驶”均与原文不符，故排除。

3.细节事实题。A选项“青少年应该花更多的时间学习驾驶”在原文并未提及，可排除；B选项“驾驶对青少年来说太复杂了所以学不会”，属于无中生有，可排除；C选项“青少年申请参加驾驶课程应当有一些限制”由第三段内容不能得出，可排除。根据原文第三段最后一句可知，根本问题是，负责发放驾照的成年人没有意识到驾驶是一项多么复杂和需要熟练度的任务。也就是说驾照发行机构应该对此事负有一定的责任。因此，只有D项与原文内容相符，故本题正确答案为D选项。

4.事实细节题。根据原文倒数第二段thewaytomitigatetheproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems可知，缓解青少年驾驶事故的方法是建立所谓的驾照分级许可制度，因此D选项“改善驾照许可制度”正确。A选项为“规定青少年要在成人陪同下驾驶”；B选项为“应该不准他们载客”：C选项为“应该禁止他们晚上10点后开车”。A、B、C三项均不符合题意，因此本题正确答案为D项。

5.事实细节题。根据题干定位至原文最后一段第二句Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesoilofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers可知，美国现在大约有一半的州已经有了分级许可制度，但只有10个州对乘客有限制。说明这种制度已经建立了，只是还不够完善。A选项“在讨论中”、B选项“即将建立”和C选项“已经被实施”都不符合，因此本题正确答案为C项。

11.单选题

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主义的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife-Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaiybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubniissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyarctestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities―thoseofallloveandofreason―aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

问题1选项

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

问题2选项

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

问题3选项

A.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

问题4选项

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

问题5选项

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.susceptibility

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推断,作者将人比喻成机械中运转良好的齿轮,实则是想表明人们相对于社会中其他部分来说已经变得不那么重要了。选项C符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容可知,工人和雇员们焦虑不仅是因为他们可能面临着失业,他们焦虑也因为他们不能获得任何有趣的生活和真正的满足,但是真正的原因还是第二段的最后一句“Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.”,选项D他们被剥夺了个性和独立性,符合原文,所以选D。

3.判断推理题。根据原文以及题干可知,作者认为这些人之所以焦虑是因为处于一个竞争激烈的社会之中,只有远离了竞争激烈的社会,才会有真正幸福的生活。所以选项A正确。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第三句“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,...,intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason-aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.我建议改变我们的社会制度形式，……在这种社会安排中，人及其全部的爱和理性的潜能的充分发展是社会安排的目的。”由此可知，作者提出了充分发挥人的潜能的建议来解决当前的社会问题，选项C符合原文。

5.观点态度题。根据文章内容可知,作者认为现在的工业主义使人丧失了其在社会中应发挥的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建议将工业主义转变为一种以人为本的工业主义,所以作者对待工业主义的态度是不满的。选项B正确。

12.单选题

Directions:Thereare15blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.

Aestheticthoughtofadistinctivelymodernartemergedduringthe18thcentury.Thewesternphilosophersandcriticsofthistimedevotedmuchattentiontosuchmatters（1）naturalbeauty,thesublime,andrepresentation—atrendreflectingthecentralpositiontheyhadgiventothephilosophyofnature.（2）thattime,however,thephilosophyofarthasbecomeevermoreprominentandhasbegunto（3）thephilosophyofnature.Variousissuescentraltothephilosophyofarthavehada（4）impact（5）theorientationof20th-centuryaesthetics.

（6）amongtheseareproblemsrelatingtothetheoryofartasformand（7）distinctionbetweenrepresentationandexpression.Stillanotherfar-reachingquestionhastodowiththevalueofart.Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions（8）onthisissue:oneholdsthatartanditsappreciationareameanstosomerecognizedmoralgood,（9）theothermaintainsthatartisintrinsicallyvaluableandisanendinitself.Underlyingthiswholeissueistheconceptoftaste,oneofthebasicconcernsofaesthetics.Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.Correspondingtothetrendincontemporaryaestheticthought,（10）havefollowedeitheroftwoapproaches.Inone,criticismisrestrictedtotheanalysisandinterpretationoftheworkofart.（11）itisdevotedtothearticulatingtheresponsetotheaestheticobjectandto（12）aparticularwayofperceivingit.

Overtheyears,aestheticshasdevelopedintoabroadfieldofknowledgeandinquiry.Theconcernsofcontemporaryaestheticsincludesuch（13）problemsasthenatureofstyleanditsaestheticsignificance;therelationofaestheticjudgmenttoculture;theviabilityofahistoryofart;the（14）ofFreudianpsychologyandotherformsofpsychologicalstudytocriticism;andtheplaceofaestheticjudgmentinpractical（15）intheconductofeverydayaffairs.

问题1选项

A.for

B.as

C.to

D.with

问题2选项

A.Since

B.For

C.As

D.In

问题3选项

A.plant

B.supplant

C.transplant

D.replant

问题4选项

A.marking

B.remarking

C.marked

D.remarked

问题5选项

A.on

B.for

C.in

D.to

问题6选项

A.Foreboding

B.Foremost

C.Forethoughtful

D.Foregone

问题7选项

A.at

B.for

C.to

D.on

问题8选项

A.havebrought

B.havebeenbrought

C.havetaken

D.havebeentaken

问题9选项

A.whereas

B.wherein

C.whereon

D.wherefore

问题10选项

A.artists

B.writers

C.critics

D.analysts

问题11选项

A.Intheothermanner

B.Intheotherway

C.Inanother

D.Intheother

问题12选项

A.justify

B.justified

C.justifying

D.havingjustified

问题13选项

A.diverse

B.divided

C.divine

D.dividual

问题14选项

A.reliance

B.reliability

C.relief

D.relevancy

问题15选项

A.reason

B.reasonableness

C.reasoning

D.reasonability

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:C

第8题:D

第9题:A

第10题:C

第11题:D

第12题:C

第13题:A

第14题:D

第15题:C

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。根据原文句意：这一时期的西方哲学家和批评家们把大量的注意力放在了诸如自然美、崇高和表现等问题上。suchas意为“诸如，比如”。选项B符合句意。

2.考查介词辨析。根据句意：然而，从那时起，艺术哲学变得更加突出...。since意为“自...以后”符合语境，所以选项A正确。

3.形近词辨析题。A选项plant“种植，栽培”；B选项supplant“代替，排挤掉”；C选项transplant“移植”；D选项replant“移居”。由关键词“and”前面的内容可知，后面应该是指4.艺术哲学取代自然哲学。选项B正确。

5.形近词辨析题。A选项marking“标记的”；B选项remarking“评论”；C选项marked“显著的”；D选项remarked“评论，察觉”。句意：艺术哲学的各种核心问题对20世纪的美学方向产生了显著的影响。选项C符合原文句意。

6.考查固定搭配。haveanimpactonsth.为固定介词搭配，所以选项A正确。

7.形近词辨析题。A选项Foreboding“预感的，不祥之兆的”；B选项Foremost“最重要的，居于首位的”；C选项Forethoughtful“深谋远虑的，有先见之明的”；D选项Foregone“过去的，先前的”。根据下一句“Stillanotherfar-reachingquestion...”可知，填空处所填单词应和“far-reaching”相对应。句意：在这些问题中，最重要的是有关艺术作为形式的理论...。选项B更符合原文语境。

8.考查句子结构。分析句子结构可知，这里是由and连接的两个并列句，and后面实际上省略了“relation”，所以后面的介词应该填入“to”，选项C正确。

9.考查语法时态。根据下文“oneholdsthat...”可推测，填空处应表示：在这个问题上，采取了两种对立的理论立场。由此可排除选A和B；再分析句子可知，这里的主语是“Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions”，所以应使用被动语态，选项D符合原文。

10.考查逻辑连词。A选项whereas“然而”；B选项wherein“在其中，在何处”；C选项whereon“在那上面”；D选项wherefore“因此”。根据句意：一种立场认为，艺术以及对艺术的欣赏是实现某些公认的道德行为的一种手段，另一种观点则认为，艺术本身就具有价值，这也是它自身的目的。这是两种相反的观念，所以选项A符合原文语境。

11.上下文推断题。根据上文“Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.近年来，人们也越来越专注于把艺术作为批判性判断的主要对象。”根据关键词“criticaljudgment”以及下文的关键词“criticism”可知，填空处应填入批评家。选项C符合原文。

12.上下文推断题。根据上文的“Inone”，可知填空处应填入“Intheother”，都是省略了approach这个单词，所以选项D正确。

考查并列结构。这里是由and连接的两个并列结构，前面句子的谓语动词是“articulating”，所以填空处也应该使用动词的-ing形式。选项C正确，选项D是完成时态，不符合语法结构和语境。

13.形近词辨析题。A选项diverse“多种多样的”；B选项divided“分裂的，分开的”；C选项divine“神圣的，天赐的”；D选项dividual“分开的，独特的”。句意：当代美学关注的问题包括风格的本质及其美学意义等多方面的问题。选项A符合原文句意。

14.形近词辨析题。A选项reliance“信赖，信心”；B选项reliability“可靠性”；C选项relief“救济，减轻，解除”；D选项relevancy“关联，恰当”。句意：审美与文化的关系；艺术历史的可行性；弗洛伊德心理学和其他形式的心理学研究与批评的关联性...。选项D更符合语境。

15.形近词辨析题。A选项reason“原因”；B选项reasonableness“合理，妥当”；C选项reasoning“推理，论证”；D选项reasonability“合理性”。根据句意：...以及审美判断在日常事务的实践推理中的地位。选项C符合原文语境。

13.单选题

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（

）thought,time,andeffort.

问题1选项

A.significant

B.enormous

C.considerable

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。significant“有重大意义的，显著的”;enormous“巨大的,庞大的”；considerable“相当多（或大、重要等）的”；numerous“众多的，许多的”一般用来修饰可数名词。句意：写作是一个缓慢的过程，需要大量的思考、时间和努力。根据题干中的“thought,time,andeffort”可知C项符合题意。因此答案选C。

14.单选题

Everybody,studentsandteachersalike,（）gladthatJackhassignedupforthecompositioncontest.

问题1选项

A.are

B.is

C.do

D.does

【答案】B

【解析】考查谓语动词。glad为形容词，表示“高兴的，乐意的”，需与be动词搭配，故排除C、D选项。studentsandteachersalike为插入语，是对主语everybody的解释说明，不影响谓语动词的选择，因此谓语动词应选用is，故本题正确答案为B选项。

15.单选题

Thereceptionwasattendedby（）membersofthelocalcommunity.

问题1选项

A.noticeable

B.prominent

C.conspicuous

D.excellent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项noticeable表示“显而易见的，显著的”；B选项prominent表示“突出的，显著的，杰出的”；C选项conspicuous表示“显著的，显而易见的”；D选项excellent表示“卓越的，杰出的”。根据句意“来参加这场邀请会的都是当地的杰出人物”，可排除A、C选项，prominent是指名誉和地位很突出，相比excellent语义更重，故本题正确答案为B选项。

16.翻译题

A.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese(15%)

Surveysshowthatmen’sattitudestoriskaretypicallymoreenthusiastic,whereaswomenaremorelikelytobuyandhold,whichleadsfinancialadviserstoconcludethatmenarelessrisk-averse.Andmenaremorelikelytosaythattheyunderstandfinancialconcepts,whichmightseemtosuggestthattheyaremorefinanciallyliterate.

Butitmaybemoreaccuratetosaythatwomenaremorerisk-awareandlessdeludedabouttheirfinancialcompetence.Astudyin2001byBradBarber,anacademicinthefieldofbehaviouralfinance,showedthatwomen