计算机应用基础英文版课件：6.2-Information System and DBMS

计算机应用基础FundamentalsofComputerandComputingFundamentalsofComputerandComputingChapter#1

ProblemsolvinginCSChapter#2

Datarepresentationincomputers

Chapter#3

HardwareChapter#4

OperatingsystemChapter#5

NetworkandinternetChapter#6

DataprocessingandDBsystemChapter#7

ComputingasadisciplineChapter#8

AlgorithmandprogrammingOutlineInformationSystemDataandDatabasesTheHierarchyofDataFileProcessingVersusDatabasesDatabaseManagementSystems3InformationSystemAninformationsystem(IS)isacollectionofhardware,software,data,people,andproceduresthatworktogethertoproducequalityinformation.4InformationSystemsintheEnterpriseManagementInformationSystemDecisionSupportSystem5InformationSystemsintheEnterpriseIntegratedInformationSystemsEnterpriseresourceplanning

providescentralized,integratedsoftwaretohelpmanageandcoordinateongoingactivitiesCustomerrelationshipmanagement

managesinformationaboutcustomers,interactionswithcustomers,pastpurchases,andinterestsContentmanagementsystems

areinformationsystemsthatcombinedatabases,software,andprocedures6InformationSystemsintheEnterprise7E-Commerce8E-Commerce(ElectronicCommerce)ThebuyingandsellingofgoodsandservicesoverelectronicsystemssuchastheInternetandothercomputernetworks.Includeentireonlineprocessofdeveloping,marketing,selling,delivering,servicingandpayingforproductsandservicesCategories:Business-to-Business(B2B):alibabaBusiness-to-Consumer(B2C):AmazonConsumer-to-Consumer(C2C):taobaoE-Commerce9E-CommerceapplicationsE-tailingorTheVirtualStorefrontandtheVirtualMallElectronicFundsTransfer(EFT)E-Mail,Fax,VoIP,TeleconferencingE-Government10E-Government(ElectronicGovernment)TheemploymentoftheInternetandtheworld-wide-webfordeliveringgovernmentinformationandservicestothecitizens.Categories:Government-to-Citizen(G2C)Government-to-Business(G2B)Government-to-Government(G2G)E-Government11ApplicationsPushinginformationovertheInternetTwo-waycommunicationsbetweendifferentshareholdersConductingtransactionsE-taxreturns,serviceandfundsapplicationsGovernance/OutlineInformationSystemDataandDatabasesTheHierarchyofDataFileProcessingVersusDatabasesDatabaseManagementSystems1213ComputerlessDataStorageComputerlessDataRetrievalDataandDatabases14DataandDatabasesDataProcessingwithcomputers15AskingforInformation-RDBMSDataandDatabasesWhatisadatabase?Astructuredsetofdataorganizedsoyoucanaccess,retrieve,anduseit.Databasesoftwarealsocalleddatabase

managementsystem(DBMS)DatabasesoftwareallowsyoutoCreatedatabaseAdd,change,anddeletedataSortandretrievedataCreateformsandreportsDataandDatabases16DatabaseManagementSystemsDatabasemanagementsystem(DBMS)Acombinationofsoftwareanddata,includingaphysicaldatabase,adatabaseengine,andadatabaseschemaPhysicaldatabaseAcollectionoffilesthatcontainthedataDatabaseengineSoftwarethatsupportsaccesstoandmodificationofthedatabasecontentsDatabaseschemaAspecificationofthelogicalstructureofthedatastoredinthedatabase1718ElementsofaDBMSDatabaseManagementSystemsOutlineInformationSystemDataandDatabasesTheHierarchyofDataFileProcessingVersusDatabasesDatabaseManagementSystems1920TheHierarchyofDataDataisorganizedinlayersDatabasecontainsfiles,filecontainsrecords,recordcontainsfields,fieldcontainscharacters21TheHierarchyofDataAcharacterisonebyteNumbers,letters,space,punctuationmarks,orothersymbolsAfieldisacombinationofoneormorerelatedcharactersFieldnameFieldsizeDatatype22TheHierarchyofDataCommondatatypesinclude:Textletters,numbers,orspecialcharactersNumericnumbersonlyAutoNumberuniquenumberautomaticallyassignedtoeachnewrecordCurrencydollarandcentamountsDatemonth,day,year,andsometimestimeMemolengthytextentriesYes/NoBoolean

values(TrueorFalse)HyperlinkWebaddressObjectbinarylargeobject,suchasgraphs,video,ordocument23TheHierarchyofDataArecordisagroupofrelatedfieldsAprimarykey

uniquelyidentifieseachrecordAdatafileisacollectionofrelatedrecordsOutlineInformationSystemDataandDatabasesTheHierarchyofDataFileProcessingVersusDatabasesDatabaseManagementSystems24FileProcessingVersusDatabasesWhathappenedinafileprocessingsystem?EachdepartmentorstaffhasownsetoffilesRecordsinonefilemaynotrelatetorecordsinanyotherfileMayhaveweaknessesDataredundancy—samefieldsstoredinmultiplefilesIsolateddata—datastoredinseparatefilessoitisdifficulttoaccess25Program1Program2ProgramnFile1…………File2FileSystemFilenFileProcessingVersusDatabasesWhatisthedatabaseapproach?ManyprogramsanduserscansharedataindatabaseSecuresdatasoonlyauthorizeduserscanaccesscertaindata26FileProcessingVersusDatabasesWhatarethestrengthsofthedatabaseapproach?SharedataforprogramsandusersReducedataredundancyImprovedataintegrityAlloweasieraccessReducedevelopmenttime27Program1Program2ProgramnDB……DBMSFileProcessingVersusDatabasesHowdoadatabaseapplicationandafileprocessingapplicationdifferinthewaytheystoredata?FileProcessingExampleDatabaseExample28OutlineInformationSystemDataandDatabasesTheHierarchyofDataFileProcessingVersusDatabasesDatabaseManagementSystems2930DatabaseManagementSystems31HostLanguage+SQLUserAUserB1UserB2HostLanguage+SQLHostLanguage+SQLExternalViewAExternalViewBExternal/conceptualmappingAConceptualViewExternal/conceptualmappingBConceptual/internalmappingStoreddatabase(InternalView)DBMS<DBAStoragestructuredefinition(Internalschema)ConceptualschemaExternalschemaA(Buildandmaintainschemasandmappings)#@&C,PHP123...100ExternalschemaBOverviewofaDBMSDataModel

defineshowusersorganizedataRulesandstandardsthatdefinehowdatabaseorganizesdataThreepopulardatamodelsRelationalObject-orientedMultidimensionalDATAMODELSFORPOPULARDBMSsDataModel32RelationalDatabase33InarelationalDBMS,thedataitemsandtherelationshipsamongthemareorganizedintotablesAtableisacollectionofrowsofrecordsEachcolumnisafield,containingasingledatavalueArelationshipisalinkwithinthedata34DatabaseTablesWecanuseatabletorepresentacollectionofrelationshipsbetweenobjects35DatabaseTablesDatabaseDesignEntity-relationship(ER)modelingApopulartechniquefordesigningrelationaldatabasesERDiagramChieftoolusedforERmodelingthatcapturestheimportantrecordtypes,attributes,andrelationshipsinagraphicalformAnentityisrepresentedbyasetofattributes,thatisdescriptivepropertiespossessedbyallmembersofanentitysetArelationshipisalinkwithinthedata36DatabaseDesignRectanglesrepresententitysets.Diamondsrepresentrelationshipsets.Lineslinkattributestoentitysetsandentitysetstorelationshipsets.EllipsesrepresentattributesAnERdiagramforthemovierentaldatabase37DatabaseDesignThesedesignationsshowthecardinalityconstraintoftherelationship1to11tomanymanytomanyAnERdiagramforthemovierentaldatabase38DatabaseManagementSystemsSpecializeddatabaselanguageSQL(StructuredQueryLanguage)allowstheusertospecifythestructureofdata;add,modify,anddeletedata;andquerythedatabasetoretrievespecificstoreddataDataDefinitionLanguage:defineformatDataManipulationLanguage:retrieve,insert,delete,update39StructuredQueryLanguage(SQL)SQLisacomprehensivedatabaselanguageformanagingrelationaldatabasesDatadefinitionfunctionsdefiningthedatabaseschemaDatamanipulationfunctionsretrieve,insert,delete,updatetablesandrecords40SQLsearchstatementSQLsearchstatementresultscreatetableaccount(

`FirstName`char(10),`LastName`char(10),

`MonthlyFee`decimal(5,2))SQLcreateschema41RetrievalexampleStructuredQueryLanguage(SQL)42Insert/change/deleteexamplesStructuredQueryLanguage(SQL)43DBMScontainsinformationaboutaparticularenterpriseDBMSprovidesanenvironmentthatisbothconvenientandefficienttouse.DatabaseApplications:Banking:alltransactionsAirlines:reservations,schedulesUniversities:registration,gradesSales:customers,products,purchasesManufacturing:production,inventory,orders,supplychainHumanresources:employeerecords,salaries,taxDatabasestouchallaspectsofourlivesDatabaseManagementSystems44Definetheroleofgeneralinformationsystems.Describeandlistgeneralpurposeandintegratedinformationsystemsusedthroughoutanenterprise.Describetheelementsofadatabasemanagementsystem.Describeanentity-relationshipdiagram.Describetheorganizationofarelationaldatabase.GoalsAccess简介SelfStudy

Access简介Access是一种关系型的桌面数据库管理系统，是MicrosoftOffice套件产品之一从90年代初期Access1.0的诞生到目前Access2000的广泛使用，Access历经多次升级改版，其功能越来越强大，但操作反而更加简单。尤其是Access与Office的高度集成，熟悉的界面易于操作Access能操作其它来源的资料，包括许多流行的PC数据库程序（如DBASE，Paradox，MicrosoftFoxPro）和服务器、小型机及大型机上的许多SQL数据库。Access还提供Windows操作系统的高级应用程序开发系统ACCESS是目前流行的桌面小型关系型数据库管理系统。①界面简单，数据共享性强。对初学者而言，操作简便，人门快。Access可以直接识别FOXPRO等其他数据库管理系统建立的数据库文件，也可以和电子表格Excel交换数据。②功能强大。具有各种向导工具，使初学者容易学会。使有经验的用户提高工作效率。③集成了SQL功能。Access中集成了著名的结构化查询语言SQL，能更加灵活地建立复杂的查询。④提供程序设计开发语言VBA(VisualBasicApplication）。使用VBA语言可以方便地开发用户自己的应用程序。⑤提供Web功能。Access数据库可以插人超级链接，浏览Web页。也可通过Web页在Internet发布数据库的数据。Access特点

Access简介Access通过各种数据库对象来管理信息。这些数据库对象包括：表、查询、窗体、报表、数据访问页、宏和模块。不同的数据库对象在数据库中起着不同的作用。例如，用表来存储数据，用查询来检索符合指定条件的数据，通过窗体来浏览或更新表中的数据，用报表以特定的方式来分析和打印数据。

表查询表窗体页宏模块Access简介

表对象表是数据库中用来存储数据的对象，是整个数据库系统的基础。Access允许一个数据库中包含多个表，用户可以在不同的表中存储不同类