日本有明海上部的沿筑后川海口梯度的最大浊度在空间和课件

SpatialandseasonalvariationsincopepodcommunitiesrelatedtoturbiditymaximumalongtheChikugoestuarinegradientintheupperAriakeBay,Japan日本有明海上部的沿筑後川海口梯度的最大濁度在空間和季節橈足類群落變異Md.ShahidulIslam

HiroshiUeda

MasaruTanaka報告者：闕禎儀Spatialandseasonalvariation1INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION2marinefoodchainsmarinefoodchains3Theestuarineturbiditymaximum(ETM)isaubiquitousfeatureindynamicestuarineecosystemswithsubstantialimpactsoncopepodabundanceanddistribution.RothschildandOsborn,1988

Gasparinietal.,1999

Romanetal.,2001

Winkleretal.,2003Turbidity↑

PlanktonicpredatorsencountermorepreyHydrodynamicconditionsalsoresultinhighabundanceandbiomassofcopepodsinETM.MacKenzieetal.,1994

MacKenzieandKiørboe,2000

Visseretal.,2001

Davidetal.,2005Theestuarineturbiditymaximu4ETMzonesareresidedbycopepodswithlowsalinitytolerance.Romanetal.,2001;Winkleretal.,2003ETMzonesarecharacterizedbylowcopepoddiversitythatisgenerallyuniqueanddifferentfromthatofupstreamfreshwateranddownstreamcommunities.LapriseandDodson,1994;Romanetal.,2001;

Winkleretal.,2003ETMzonesareresidedbycopep5Estuarinecopepodcommunitiesarebelievedtobeannuallystablebutshowstrongseasonalandspatialdynamics.Temperature,salinity,andfoodsupplyareamongthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencetheobservedspatialandseasonalpatternsindemographicvariationsofcopepods.Winkleretal.,2003Roddieetal.,1984;Hassel,1986Estuarinecopepodcommunities6JapanKyushuJapanKyushu7Romanetal.,2001LapriseandDodson,1994;Winkleretal.,2003Kimmereretal.,1998IrigoienandCastel,1997;Davidetal.,2005→ChesapeakeBay→St.Lawrenceestuary→SanFranciscoBay→GirondeestuaryRomanetal.,2001Lapriseand8MaterIalsAndMethodsMaterIals9DATE:

2004.4~2005.3Fig.1MapoftheAriakeBayandthehikugoRiverestuaryshowingthesamplingstations.DATE:2004.4~2005.3Fig.110EnvironmentalMonitoringSystem

(YSI650MDS,YSIIncorporated,USA)Ⅰ．Temperature(°C)

Ⅱ．Turbidity(nephelometricturbidityunit,NTU)

Ⅲ．Salinity(practicalsalinityunit,PSU)

Ⅳ．chlorophyll-a(chl-a,μgl-1)

Ⅴ．Phaeopigment(PhP,μgl-1)HydrographicdatacollectionEnvironmentalMonitoringSyste11ZooplanktoncollectionObliquetowsPlanktonnet

(45cmmouthdiameterand0.1mmmeshsize)

equippedwithaflowmeter10%seawaterformalinZooplanktoncollectionOblique12ShannoneWienerindex

(H)Two-wayanalysisofvariance

(ANOVA)copepodspecies

diversityspatialandtemporal

differencesShannoneWienerindex

(H)Two-w13ResultsResults14Ⅰ．HydrographicenvironmentFig.2Spatialandtemporalvariationsinthehydrographicalvariablesalongthehikugoestuary;valuesaremean(±SD)andPvaluesindicatetheresultsofANOVA.Ⅰ．HydrographicenvironmentFig15TemperatureSalinityTurbidityChl-aPhPDensityBiomassSalinity0.12－Turbidity-0.22*-0.42**－Chl-a0.50**-0.080.25*－PhP-0.07-0.49**0.68**0.43**－Density0.43**0.080.130.60**0.22*－Biomass0.26*-0.19

0.39**0.69**0.45**

0.82**－H0.45**

0.27*-0.200.04-0.20-0.14-0.16Table1

Pearson’scorrelationcoefficientbetweendifferenthydrographicalvariables,pigmentsandcopepoddensity,diversityandbiomasscollectedoverthespatiotemporalscalesfromtheChikugoestuary(*P<0.05;**P<0.01)TemperatureSalinityTurbidityCh16Fig.3SpatialvariationsinPhP:TPratioalongtheChikugoestuary(valuesaremean±SD);TPistotalpigment(chlorophyll-a+phaeopigment);PvalueindicatestheresultsofANOVA.Fig.3Spatialvariationsin1731.28415.33Oithonadavisae25.52338.96Sinocalanussinensis12.81170.06Paracalanusparvus6.6187.78Cyclopoidaspp.5.9979.61Acartiaomorii5.9078.35Pseudodiapomusinopinus2.6635.27Pseudodiaptomusmarinus2.4332.34Copepodite1.8724.88Acartiaerythraea1.5120.08Acartiapacifica0.759.92Nauplii0.749.79Euterpinaacutifrons0.385.11Centropagesabdominalis0.344.54Hemicyclopsjaponicus0.344.50Unidentified0.314.14Paraclanuscrassirostris0.273.64Sinocalanustenellus0.070.91Centropagestenuiremis0.060.78Calanussinicus0.050.69Trotanusderjugini0.040.54Microsetellasp.0.030.44Labidocerarotunda0.020.21Temoraturbinata0.010.17Eurytemorapacifica0.000.04CentropagesgracilisDensity(number×103m-3)%TatalSpeciesTable2-1

ContributionofeachspeciestotheoveralldensityandbiomassofcopepodscollectedoveraperiodoftwelvemonthsalongtheChikugoestuary;speciesarearrangedinorderofabundanceⅡ．Copepodcommunitystructure,

density,biomassanddiversity31.28415.33Oithonadavisae25.51844.601825.98Sinocalanussinensis12.12496.23Pseudodiapomusinopinus10.66436.30Paracalanusparvus8.62353.03Oithonadavisae7.26297.18Acartiaomorii5.03205.81Cyclopoidaspp.3.09126.42Pseudodiaptomusmarinus2.4399.54Acartiaerythraea1.7772.29Acartiapacifica1.7069.63Centropagesabdominalis1.3454.72Copepodite0.4920.05Sinocalanustenellus0.2510.06Hemicyclopsjaponicus0.156.31Nauplii0.124.89Euterpinaacutifrons0.114.34Unidentified0.093.75Calanussinicus0.072.73Trotanusderjugini0.041.69Microsetellasp.0.041.43Centropagestenuiremis0.031.11Labidocerarotunda0.010.21Temoraturbinata0.000.17EurytemorapacificaBiomass(mgm-3)%TatalSpeciesTable2-2

ContributionofeachspeciestotheoveralldensityandbiomassofcopepodscollectedoveraperiodoftwelvemonthsalongtheChikugoestuary;speciesarearrangedinorderofabundance44.601825.98Sinocalanussinens19Fig.4SpatialandtemporalvariationsinthenumericalcompositionofcopepodfromApril(A)2004toMarch(M)2005alongthespatialgradientinChikugoestuary.Notethatthescaleofthex-axiswhichshowsthesalinitiesaredifferent.Fig.4Spatialandtemporalv20CopepodspeciesSourcesofvariationdfFPCyclopoidasp.TemporalSpatial1165.217.020.0000.000SinocalanussinensisTemporalSpatial1161.9021.760.0550.000NaupliiTemporalSpatial1162.420.820.0130.556AcartiaomoriiTemporalSpatial1165.0817.490.0000.000HemicyclopsjaponicusTemporalSpatial1162.612.300.0080.045OithonadavisaeTemporalSpatial1165.6123.610.0000.000PseudodiapomusinopinusTemporalSpatial1163.3410.000.0010.000PseudodiaptomusmarinusTemporalSpatial1164.898.870.0000.000ParacalanusparvusTemporalSpatial1165.9720.300.0000.000CopepoditeTemporalSpatial1163.980.730.0000.626AcartiaerythraeaTemporalSpatial1168.512.980.0000.012AcartiapacificaTemporalSpatial1169.006.670.0000.000Table3

Two-wayanalysisofvariance(ANOVA)summaryresultsofthespatial(sevensamplingstations)andtemporal(12months)variationsinthedensityofthedominantcopepodspeciesalongtheChikugoestuaryCopepodspeciesSourcesofvari21Fig.5Spatialvariationinthedensityofeachofthedominantcopepodspecies.Mean(±SD)valuesarenaturallogtransformeddensity(numberm-3)datageneratedfrom12monthssamplescollectedfromApril2004toMarch2005alongthespatialgradientintheChikugoRiverestuary.Fig.5Spatialvariationint22Fig.6Temporalvariationinthedensityofeachofthedominantcopepods.Valuesarenaturallogtransformeddensity(numberm-3)collectedfromApril2004toMarch2005alongthespatialgradientintheChikugoRiverestuary.Fig.6Temporalvariationin23SpeciesTemperatureChl-aSinocalanussinensis-0.010.39Oithonadavisae0.440.28Acartiaomorii0.380.68*Cyclopoidaspp.0.460.48Nauplii0.410.16Centropagesabdominalis0.170.01Paracalanusparvus0.470.41Pseudodiapomusinopinus0.62*0.60*Pseudodiaptomusmarinus0.64*0.72**Acartiaerythraea0.69*0.66*Acartiapacifica0.74**0.66*Hemicyclopsjaponicus0.76**0.68*Copepodite0.74**0.54Table4

Relationships(Pearson’scorrelationcoefficient)betweenthemonthlypatternsoftemperatureandchl-aandthemonthlyabundanceofdominantspeciesofcopepods(**P<0.01;

*P<0.05)SpeciesTemperatureChl-aSinocal24SpeciesTemperatureChl-aSinocalanussinensis-0.010.39Oithonadavisae0.440.28Acartiaomorii0.380.68*Cyclopoidaspp.0.460.48Nauplii0.410.16Centropagesabdominalis0.170.01Paracalanusparvus0.470.41Pseudodiapomusinopinus0.62*0.60*Pseudodiaptomusmarinus0.64*0.72**Acartiaerythraea0.69*0.66*Acartiapacifica0.74**0.66*Hemicyclopsjaponicus0.76**0.68*Copepodite0.74**0.54SpeciesTemperatureChl-aSinocal25Fig.7Variationsinthedensityofdominantcopepodswithsalinity;theoligohalinecopepodsS.sinensisandP.inopinusshowedaseawarddecreaseinabundancewhiletheeuryhalinecopepodsP.inopinus,O.davisae,P.parvusandA.omoriishowedseawardincreaseinabundance.Valuesarenaturallogtransformeddensity(numberm-3).SinocalanussinensisPseudodiaptomusmarinusPseudodiapomusinopinusOithonadavisaeParacalanusparvusAcartiaomoriiFig.7Variationsinthedens26Fig.8Spatialandtemporalvariationsinthetotalcopepoddensity,biomassanddiversity;valuesaremean(±SD)andPvaluesindicatetheresultsofANOVA.Fig.8Spatialandtemporalv27DependentvariableDesignsummary(ANOVA)IndependentvariableBetaValuePDensityF=8.72;R2=0.38;P<0.0001Chl-a0.3250.030BiomassF=13.08;R2=0.51;P<0.0001Chl-aNTU0.5490.4270.0000.046DiversityF=4.64;R2=0.24;P<0.0001Chl-a

Salinity0.3310.2930.0460.026SinocalanussinensisF=4.95;R2=0.74;P<0.050Chl-a

PhP3.48-6.360.0210.025OithonadavisaeF=6.54;R2=0.80;P<0.050Chl-a-2.530.035Table5Summaryresultsformultipleregressionontheeffectsofenvironmentalvariablesondensity,biomassanddiversityofallcopepodsandonthedensityofthetwomostdominantspecies(S.sinensisandO.davisae);theR2valuesareadjustedR2Ⅲ．Roleofhydrographicvariables

incopepodabundanceanddiversityDependentDesignsummaryIndepen28Fig.9Patternsofinterrelationshipsamongtemperature(°C),chl-a(μgl-1)andcopepoddensity(numberm-3)duringfourmainseasons.Valuesaremeananderrorbarsarestandarddeviationsofthreesamplesduringeachseason.Pearson’scorrelationcoefficientshowedthatseasonalpatternsintemperature,chl-aanddensityweresignificantlyrelatedtoeachother(valuesorrwere0.917(P<0.05),0.921(P<0.05)and0.997(P<0.01)fortemperaturevschl-a,temperaturevsdensityandchl-avsdensityrespectively.Fig.9Patternsofinterrelat29DIscussIonDIscussIon30TemperatureSalinityNTUNTUnegativecorrelationnegativecorrelation－Chl-apositivelycorrelationpositivelycorrelationPhPnegativecorrelationpositivelycorrelationAreaSalinityDominantSpeciesSeasontheETM

intheupperestuaryoligohaline

(0.5-2.5)S.

sinensisduringautumntospring

(summerislowdensityandwasreplacedby

P.inopinusandCyclopoidaspp.)theETM

inthelowerestuaryeuryhaline

(9.0-25.0)O.davisae

P.parvus

A.omoriithefourseasons

TemperatureSalinityNTUNTUnegat31S.

sinensis

P.inopinus

CyclopoidasppS.sinensis

P.inopinus

Cyclo32O.davisae

P.parvus

A.omoriithethreemostdominantspecies

inthiscommunityPlourdeetal.,2002

Satapoominetal.,2004

Davidetal.,2005O.davisae

P.parvus

A.omorii33Highabundant

(notshowsignificantrelationwithtemperatureandseason)Mediumabundant

(highlysignificantcorrelationwithtemperature,seasonandChl-a)S.sinensis(intheupper)

O.davisae

P.parvus

A.omoriiP.inopinus(intheupper)

A.erythraea

A.pacifica

P.inopinus

H.japonicusHighabundant

(notshowsignif34Bousfieldetal.(1975)Thecopepodsthataretransportedfromtheiroriginalhabitatsaremostlymoribund,non-reproductiveanimals,suggestingthatthetransportedhabitatsmayconstituteanextremeenvironmentforthesespecies.Theedgeeffects,causedbymixingindividualsfromthetwoassemblages,resultinincreasingthespeciesrichness.

Therefore,speciesrichnessmaygiveerroneousimpressionsontheevolutionofcopepodspeciesdiversityalongthespatialgradientinanestuary.LapriseandDodson,1994Bousfieldetal.(1975)Thecop35AreaImportantIntheestuaryasawholeChl-a(ex.O.davisae)InupperestuaryPhP(ex.S.sinensis)AreaImportantIntheestuaryas36Ⅰ．Chl-aandsalinitywerethemostimportantpredictorvariables.Ⅱ．Inthehighersalinityregionshadhigherdiversity.Ⅰ．Chl-aandsalinitywerethe37THANKYOUTHANKYOU38SpatialandseasonalvariationsincopepodcommunitiesrelatedtoturbiditymaximumalongtheChikugoestuarinegradientintheupperAriakeBay,Japan日本有明海上部的沿筑後川海口梯度的最大濁度在空間和季節橈足類群落變異Md.ShahidulIslam

HiroshiUeda

MasaruTanaka報告者：闕禎儀Spatialandseasonalvariation39INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION40marinefoodchainsmarinefoodchains41Theestuarineturbiditymaximum(ETM)isaubiquitousfeatureindynamicestuarineecosystemswithsubstantialimpactsoncopepodabundanceanddistribution.RothschildandOsborn,1988

Gasparinietal.,1999

Romanetal.,2001

Winkleretal.,2003Turbidity↑

PlanktonicpredatorsencountermorepreyHydrodynamicconditionsalsoresultinhighabundanceandbiomassofcopepodsinETM.MacKenzieetal.,1994

MacKenzieandKiørboe,2000

Visseretal.,2001

Davidetal.,2005Theestuarineturbiditymaximu42ETMzonesareresidedbycopepodswithlowsalinitytolerance.Romanetal.,2001;Winkleretal.,2003ETMzonesarecharacterizedbylowcopepoddiversitythatisgenerallyuniqueanddifferentfromthatofupstreamfreshwateranddownstreamcommunities.LapriseandDodson,1994;Romanetal.,2001;

Winkleretal.,2003ETMzonesareresidedbycopep43Estuarinecopepodcommunitiesarebelievedtobeannuallystablebutshowstrongseasonalandspatialdynamics.Temperature,salinity,andfoodsupplyareamongthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencetheobservedspatialandseasonalpatternsindemographicvariationsofcopepods.Winkleretal.,2003Roddieetal.,1984;Hassel,1986Estuarinecopepodcommunities44JapanKyushuJapanKyushu45Romanetal.,2001LapriseandDodson,1994;Winkleretal.,2003Kimmereretal.,1998IrigoienandCastel,1997;Davidetal.,2005→ChesapeakeBay→St.Lawrenceestuary→SanFranciscoBay→GirondeestuaryRomanetal.,2001Lapriseand46MaterIalsAndMethodsMaterIals47DATE:

2004.4~2005.3Fig.1MapoftheAriakeBayandthehikugoRiverestuaryshowingthesamplingstations.DATE:2004.4~2005.3Fig.148EnvironmentalMonitoringSystem

(YSI650MDS,YSIIncorporated,USA)Ⅰ．Temperature(°C)

Ⅱ．Turbidity(nephelometricturbidityunit,NTU)

Ⅲ．Salinity(practicalsalinityunit,PSU)

Ⅳ．chlorophyll-a(chl-a,μgl-1)

Ⅴ．Phaeopigment(PhP,μgl-1)HydrographicdatacollectionEnvironmentalMonitoringSyste49ZooplanktoncollectionObliquetowsPlanktonnet

(45cmmouthdiameterand0.1mmmeshsize)

equippedwithaflowmeter10%seawaterformalinZooplanktoncollectionOblique50ShannoneWienerindex

(H)Two-wayanalysisofvariance

(ANOVA)copepodspecies

diversityspatialandtemporal

differencesShannoneWienerindex

(H)Two-w51ResultsResults52Ⅰ．HydrographicenvironmentFig.2Spatialandtemporalvariationsinthehydrographicalvariablesalongthehikugoestuary;valuesaremean(±SD)andPvaluesindicatetheresultsofANOVA.Ⅰ．HydrographicenvironmentFig53TemperatureSalinityTurbidityChl-aPhPDensityBiomassSalinity0.12－Turbidity-0.22*-0.42**－Chl-a0.50**-0.080.25*－PhP-0.07-0.49**0.68**0.43**－Density0.43**0.080.130.60**0.22*－Biomass0.26*-0.19

0.39**0.69**0.45**

0.82**－H0.45**

0.27*-0.200.04-0.20-0.14-0.16Table1

Pearson’scorrelationcoefficientbetweendifferenthydrographicalvariables,pigmentsandcopepoddensity,diversityandbiomasscollectedoverthespatiotemporalscalesfromtheChikugoestuary(*P<0.05;**P<0.01)TemperatureSalinityTurbidityCh54Fig.3SpatialvariationsinPhP:TPratioalongtheChikugoestuary(valuesaremean±SD);TPistotalpigment(chlorophyll-a+phaeopigment);PvalueindicatestheresultsofANOVA.Fig.3Spatialvariationsin5531.28415.33Oithonadavisae25.52338.96Sinocalanussinensis12.81170.06Paracalanusparvus6.6187.78Cyclopoidaspp.5.9979.61Acartiaomorii5.9078.35Pseudodiapomusinopinus2.6635.27Pseudodiaptomusmarinus2.4332.34Copepodite1.8724.88Acartiaerythraea1.5120.08Acartiapacifica0.759.92Nauplii0.749.79Euterpinaacutifrons0.385.11Centropagesabdominalis0.344.54Hemicyclopsjaponicus0.344.50Unidentified0.314.14Paraclanuscrassirostris0.273.64Sinocalanustenellus0.070.91Centropagestenuiremis0.060.78Calanussinicus0.050.69Trotanusderjugini0.040.54Microsetellasp.0.030.44Labidocerarotunda0.020.21Temoraturbinata0.010.17Eurytemorapacifica0.000.04CentropagesgracilisDensity(number×103m-3)%TatalSpeciesTable2-1

ContributionofeachspeciestotheoveralldensityandbiomassofcopepodscollectedoveraperiodoftwelvemonthsalongtheChikugoestuary;speciesarearrangedinorderofabundanceⅡ．Copepodcommunitystructure,

density,biomassanddiversity31.28415.33Oithonadavisae25.55644.601825.98Sinocalanussinensis12.12496.23Pseudodiapomusinopinus10.66436.30Paracalanusparvus8.62353.03Oithonadavisae7.26297.18Acartiaomorii5.03205.81Cyclopoidaspp.3.09126.42Pseudodiaptomusmarinus2.4399.54Acartiaerythraea1.7772.29Acartiapacifica1.7069.63Centropagesabdominalis1.3454.72Copepodite0.4920.05Sinocalanustenellus0.2510.06Hemicyclopsjaponicus0.156.31Nauplii0.124.89Euterpinaacutifrons0.114.34Unidentified0.093.75Calanussinicus0.072.73Trotanusderjugini0.041.69Microsetellasp.0.041.43Centropagestenuiremis0.031.11Labidocerarotunda0.010.21Temoraturbinata0.000.17EurytemorapacificaBiomass(mgm-3)%TatalSpeciesTable2-2

ContributionofeachspeciestotheoveralldensityandbiomassofcopepodscollectedoveraperiodoftwelvemonthsalongtheChikugoestuary;speciesarearrangedinorderofabundance44.601825.98Sinocalanussinens57Fig.4SpatialandtemporalvariationsinthenumericalcompositionofcopepodfromApril(A)2004toMarch(M)2005alongthespatialgradientinChikugoestuary.Notethatthescaleofthex-axiswhichshowsthesalinitiesaredifferent.Fig.4Spatialandtemporalv58CopepodspeciesSourcesofvariationdfFPCyclopoidasp.TemporalSpatial1165.217.020.0000.000SinocalanussinensisTemporalSpatial1161.9021.760.0550.000NaupliiTemporalSpatial1162.420.820.0130.556AcartiaomoriiTemporalSpatial1165.0817.490.0000.000HemicyclopsjaponicusTemporalSpatial1162.612.300.0080.045OithonadavisaeTemporalSpatial1165.6123.610.0000.000PseudodiapomusinopinusTemporalSpatial1163.3410.000.0010.000PseudodiaptomusmarinusTemporalSpatial1164.898.870.0000.000ParacalanusparvusTemporalSpatial1165.9720.300.0000.000CopepoditeTemporalSpatial1163.980.730.0000.626AcartiaerythraeaTemporalSpatial1168.512.980.0000.012AcartiapacificaTemporalSpatial1169.006.670.0000.000Table3

Two-wayanalysisofvariance(ANOVA)summaryresultsofthespatial(sevensamplingstations)andtemporal(12months)variationsinthedensityofthedominantcopepodspeciesalongtheChikugoestuaryCopepodspeciesSourcesofvari59Fig.5Spatialvariationinthedensityofeachofthedominantcopepodspecies.Mean(±SD)valuesarenaturallogtransformeddensity(numberm-3)datageneratedfrom12monthssamplescollectedfromApril2004toMarch2005alongthespatialgradientintheChikugoRiverestuary.Fig.5Spatialvariationint60Fig.6Temporalvariationinthedensityofeachofthedominantcopepods.Valuesarenaturallogtransformeddensity(numberm-3)collectedfromApril2004toMarch2005alongthespatialgradientintheChikugoRiverestuary.Fig.6Temporalvariationin61SpeciesTemperatureChl-aSinocalanussinensis-0.010.39Oithonadavisae0.440.28Acartiaomorii0.380.68*Cyclopoidaspp.0.460.48Nauplii0.410.16Centropagesabdominalis0.170.01Paracalanusparvus0.470.41Pseudodiapomusinopinus0.62*0.60*Pseudodiaptomusmarinus0.64*0.72**Acartiaerythraea0.69*0.66*Acartiapacifica0.74**0.66*Hemicyclopsjaponicus0.76**0.68*Copepodite0.74**0.54Table4

Relationships(Pearson’scorrelationcoefficient)betweenthemonthlypatternsoftemperatureandchl-aandthemonthlyabundanceofdominantspeciesofcopepods(**P<0.01;

*P<0.05)SpeciesTemperatureChl-aSinocal62SpeciesTemperatureChl-aSinocalanussinensis-0.010.39Oithonadavisae0.440.28Acartiaomorii0.380.68*Cyclopoidaspp.0.460.48Nauplii0.410.16Centropagesabdominalis0.170.01Paracalanusparvus0.470.41Pseudodiapomusinopinus0.62*0.60*Pseudodiaptomusmarinus0.64*0.72**Acartiaerythraea0.69*0.66*Acartiapacifica0.74**0.66*Hemicyclopsjaponicus0.76**0.68*Copepodite0.74**0.54SpeciesTemperatureChl-aSinocal63Fig.7Variationsinthedensityofdominantcopepodswithsalinity;theoligohalinecopepodsS.sinensisandP.inopinusshowedaseawarddecreaseinabundancewhiletheeuryhalinecopepodsP.inopinus,O.davisae,P.parvusandA.omoriishowedseawardincreaseinabundance.Valuesarenaturallogtransformeddensity(numberm-3).SinocalanussinensisPseudodiaptomusmarinusPseudodiapomusinopinusOithonadavisaeParacalanusparvusAcartiaomoriiFig.7Variationsinthedens64Fig.8Spatialandtemporalvariationsinthetotalcopepoddensity,biomassanddiversity;valuesaremean(±SD)andPvaluesindicatetheresultsofANOVA.Fig.8Spatialandtemporalv65DependentvariableDesignsummary(ANOVA)IndependentvariableBetaValuePDensityF=8.72;R2=0.38;P<0.0001Chl-a0.3250.030BiomassF=13.08;R2=0.51;P<0.0001Chl-aNTU0.5490.4270.0000.046DiversityF=4.64;R2=0.24;P<0.0001Chl-a

Salinity0.3310.2930.0460.026SinocalanussinensisF=4.95;R2=0.74;P<0.050Chl-a

PhP3.48-6.360.0210.025OithonadavisaeF=6.54;R2=0.80;P<0.050Chl-a-2.530.035Table5Summaryresultsformultipleregressionontheeffectsofenvironmentalvariablesondensity,biomassanddiversityofallcopepodsandonthedensityofthetwomostdominantspecies(S.sinensisandO.davisae);theR2valuesareadjustedR2Ⅲ．Roleofhydrographicvariables

incopepodabundanceanddiversityDependentDesignsu