2023版高三一轮总复习英语外研版课时分层作业25　Growing up

课时分层作业（二十五）I.阅读理解A（2021•湖南省四校联考）Therearevariouskindsofapartmentsforuniversitystudentstochoosefrom.Andherearesomerecommendations.BrandonOaksLocatedontheMilledgeRoadExtension,BrandonOaksiscomposedoftwo-bedroom,two-bathapartmentswithdecksorpatios.Eachapartmentalsofeaturesanenergy-efficientheatpump,airconditioning,anelectricrange,afull-sizerefrigerator,adishwasher,awasher,adryerandcarpetingthroughout.Floors:VaryElevators:NoC叩acity:180Gender:CoedBrownHallBrownHallfeaturesspacioussingleandsuite-styleroomsontheHealthSciencesCampus.StudentschoosingtoliveinBrownHallcantakeadvantageoflivinginAthens，trendyNormaltownneighborhoodwhilestillenjoyinganon-campus,communitylifestylefreefromthetroubleofmonthlybills.Roomsfeature17-positionadjustablebeds.BrownHallisopenforbreaks,includingthewinterbreakandthespringbreak.Floors:4Elevators:YesCapacity:130Gender:CoedBoggsHallConstructedin1961,BoggsHallhousesfirst-yearresidentsonly.TheroomsinBoggsHallaretraditionaldoubles,hometotwostudentsperroom.Eachroomisequippedwithasinkandcommunitybathroomsarclocatedoneveryfloor.Roomsfeature17-positionadjustablebeds.Floors：3Elevators:NoCapacity:160Gender:CoedSouleHallSouleHallistheoldestresidencehallattheuniversityandistheonlyhallreservedfornon-freshmanwomen.SouleHall'sresidentsliveindoubleorsingleThatwasexactlywhatBrianneeded.EvenourNewYear'sdecisionstochangehardlymakeit.Withthesupportofhisfamily,hetookajobinthelocalcafe.Severalweeksafterconsideration,hedecidedtohaveachange.BrianMockenhauptgotlaidofffromaseniormanagementposition.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了失业的Brian在太太的鼓励和支持下，创办自己的咖啡店，实现了自己的梦想的故事。D［考查上下文衔接。根据空前的“我们每天都在同一个家醒来，穿上同样的衣服，乘坐同样的交通工具去做同样的工作“可知，我们的生活总是一成不变；而空后一句“虽然人类坚持常规是非常自然的，但在我们的舒适区之外，还有很多东西等着我们去发现”那么讲到了人们可以做出改变，因此空处讲到的应该是做出改变有多难，故D项符合语境。］G［考查上下文衔接。根据空后一句“他知道很难再找到一份工作”可知，空处讲到的应该是他失业了，所以G项符合语境。］F［考查上下文衔接。空前一段讲到了Brian失业之后失落的状态，空后那么讲到了他不愿无所事事，他的太太也鼓励他努力向前，所以F项“经过考虑，几周后他决定做出改变“符合语境。］A［考查上下文衔接。上文讲到了Brian的太太鼓励他创造属于自己的事业，而空后一句那么讲到了Brian在离家八个街区远的地方找到了他想要的东西——一个现成的咖啡馆，据此可知，空处讲到的应该是做出改变的机会来了，故A项符合语境。］C［考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了一个现成的咖啡馆经营不善，老板也不愿意再干了，空后一句那么讲到了但是他没有足够的钱面对这一天，所以空处讲到的应该是面前这个机会就是他想要的，故C项符合语境。］roomswithprivateorsharedbathrooms.Roomsfeature17-positionadjustablebeds.Floors:3Elevators:NoCapacity:90Gender:Female【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个大学生公寓，包括公寓设施、楼层、容纳人数等。Whichplaceissuitableforstudentstostayduringtheirvacations?A.BrandonOaks.B.BrownHall.C.BoggsHall.D.SouleHall.B［细节理解题。根据BrownHall局部中的“BrownHallisopenforbreaks,includingthewinterbreakandthespringbreak**可知，BrownHall在假期开放，包括冬季假期以及春季假期，故B项正确。］WhatdoBoggsHallandSouleHallhaveincommon?Theyarebothequippedwithsinks.Theywereconstructedatthesameyear.Theycanhousebothmenandwomen.Theysharethesamenumberoffloors.D［细节理解题。根据BoggsHall局部中的aFloors:3”和SouleHall部分中的“Floors:3”可知，这两个大学生公寓楼层相同，故D项正确。］Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?Auniversitytextbook.Atravelbrochure.Anaccommodationguide.Ahoteladvertisement.C［题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了四个大学生公寓，包括公寓设施、楼层、容纳人数等；据此可以判断，本文最可能摘自“住宿指南”，故C项正确。］B（2021•广州市阶段训练）Moslkidscanwalkintoalibraryorbookstoreandfindhundredsofbookstoread.Butit'snotthatsimpleforkidswhoarcblind.Theyreadinadifferentway.JennyLeeandotherbraille（盲文）transcriberstaketheprintedwordsofabookandchangethemintoacodeofraiseddots.Blindpeoplecanreadthesedotswiththeirfingers.Toknowwhatbraillefeelslike,takeaballpointpenandpresshardontoapieceofpaper.Nowturnthepaperoverandtouchtheraiseddotmadebythepenpoint.WhenLeefirstsawthedotsofthebraillealphabet,shewonderedifshe'deverbeabletoreadandwritethemeasily.Shetookaclassandpractisedhardforaboutsixmonthsbeforeshepassedthefinalexam:shehadtoconvert35pagesofabookintobraille.Today,Leeworksforapublisher.Oneofherjobsistochangechildren'sbooksintobraille.Todothis,Leefirsttypesthestoryintoacomputerandthenusesacomputerprogramtotranslateitintothebraillecode.Next,shelooksoverthetranslationseveraltimestomakesureit*smistake-free.Afterthat,acopyofthebraillestoryisprintedwithaspecialprinter.ThenLeeandaproofreaderworktogethertofindandcorrectanymistake.Whenabookisready,manycopiesofitareprinted.Afterwards,somearesoldthroughwebsitesandothersaresenttolibraries.Sometimes,goingoverastoryagainandagaingetstiring.That'swhenLeetakesabreak.SeveralofJennyLee'sco-workers,whoareblind,useguidedogs.Whentheanimalsaren'tworking,Leelikesspendingafewminuteswiththem.Toher,playingwithdogs“isalwaysaDick-mc-upinthemiddleoftheday”.uIlovethismission,nLeesays.uThroughmybrainpowerandmyfingers,Iamputtingthedotsintosomekids'hands.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了盲文转录员JennyLee学习盲文，将纸质书转化成盲文并出版发行的故事。Howdoesthewriterexplainwhatbraillefeelslike?Byexplainingwhatbraillewordslooklike.Bydescribinghowblindpeoplereadbooks.Byaskingreaderstoexperienceitthemselves.Bygivingexamplesofdifferentbraillewords.C［细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，要想了解盲文感觉起来是什么样，可以拿一支圆珠笔在一张纸上用力按压，然后把纸翻过来，触摸由笔尖造成的凸起的点。据此可知，作者通过让读者自己体验来解释盲文感觉起来是什么样，故C项正确。］WhatwasLee,sfirstreactiontobraille?Shewasexcitedtogetanewskill.Shewasamazedatthecleveridea.Sherealizedshecouldteachitherself.Shebelieveditwouldbedifficulttolearn.D［细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"WhenLeefirstsawthedotsofthebraillealphabet,shewonderedifshe'deverbeabletoreadandwritethemeasily.”可知，当Lee第一次见到盲文字母表的点时，她不知道自己是否能够轻易地阅读和书写它们，据此可知，Lee对盲文的第一反响是她认为盲文难学，故D项正确。］Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pick-me-up"inparagraph4mostprobablymean?Adiscussiontoreleaseworkstress.Somethingtoimproveone'sappetite.Somethingtohelprestoreone'sspirit.Afreerideaccompaniedbyaguidedog.C［词义猜想题。根据第四段第二句"That'swhenLeetakesabreak可知，那是Lee休息的时候；结合画线词所在句“Toher,playingwithdogs4isalwaysapick-me-upinthemiddleoftheday'.”并根据语境可知，对于她来说,和狗一起玩耍总能让她在一天中午时恢复精神：据此可以判断，C项与画线词意思相近，故C项正确。］WhatdoesLeethinkofherjob?Profitableandhopeful.Tiringbutmeaningful.Relaxingandhelpful.Boringbutchallenging.B［推理判断题。根据第四段第一句"Sometimes,goingoverastoryagainandagaingetstiring.w可知，Lee认为，有时一遍又一遍地仔细检查一个故事会觉得很累;根据本文尾句“Throughmybrainpowerandmyfingers,Iamputtingthedotsintosomekids,hands.“可知，Lee认为，通过她的脑力和手指她把知识带到了孩子们的手上。据此可以判断，Lee认为她从事的工作虽然让人疲劳，但是具有意义，故B项正确。］C(2021•八省联考)Formanyyears,schoolchildrenintheUShavebeentakenonufieldtrips”toculturalinstitutionssuchasmuseumsofart.Educatorsarrangetheminthebeliefthatschoolsexistnotonlytoteacheconomicallyusefulskills,butalsotoproducecivilizedyoungpeoplewhoappreciateartandculture.Whilethereareparentswhowilltaketheirchildrentoculturalplacesintheirfreetime,therearcplentyofotherchildrenwhowillneverhavethiskindofopportunityunlessschoolsofferit.Soyoucouldsaythattakingschoolstudentsonfieldtripsisameansofgivingeveryoneequalaccesstotheirculturalheritage.However,theattitudetowardsfieldtripsinrecentyearsischanging,withthenumberoftoursorganizedforschoolgroupsfallingsignificantlyinmuseumsallaroundthecountry.Themostobviousreasonistheissueoffinance.Becausethereareincreasingdemandsontheirfunds,afterall,computersandsportsfacilitiesaren51cheap,schoolsareforcedtomakeadifficultchoiceabouthowtospendthelimitedmoneytheyhave.Facedwiththisdilemma,fieldtripsareanobviousthingtocutsincetheyareseenbymanyasaluxury.Additionally,thenatureofthesefielddaysisalsochanging.Schoolsincreasinglyusetripstoamusementparksorsportingeventsasatreatforstudentsratherthananopportunityforculturallearning.Thisshiftcouldhaveabasisingenerationaldifferencesbetweenteachers'reasonsfororganizingdaysoutofschool.Arecentsurveyconductedamong5(X)Arkansasteachersshowedthatolderteachersweresignificantlymorelikelytotaketheprimarypurposeofafieldtripasalearningexperiencethanyoungerteachers,whoviewitasfun.Someevidenceshowsthetrendoffewertripsmayhaveanegativeeffectonchildren，sdevelopment.ResearchledbyJayGreeneatUniversityofArkansasfoundthatstudentswhoreceivedatourofanartmuseumgreatlyimprovedtheirknowledgeofartandtheabilitytothinkcriticallyaboutart.Theyalsodisplayedstrongerhistoricalinterestandweremorelikelytovisitculturalplacesinthefuture.Theresearcherswarnedthatifschoolscutfieldtripsorswitchtolesseducationaldestinations，valuableopportunitiestobroadenandenrichchildren，slearningexperiencesarelost.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。由于电脑设备、体育设施等占用学校资金，许多学校已经减少让学生体脸艺术博物馆等文化机构的机会。研究发现，学校的这种行为可能对孩子的人生开展产生负面影响。Whatistheinitialpurposeoffieldtripstoculturalinstitutions?Toteachstudentsusefulskillsineconomics.Tomakeeverystudentexposedtoartandculture.Toeducatestudentstopreserveculturalheritage.Toencourageparentstotaketheirchildrenthere.B［细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三和四句可知，学校组织学生去文化机构实地考察是为了让每个学生都能体脸艺术和文化，故B项正确。］Whichfactormostprobablyleadstothetrendoffewerfieldtrips?Thedropinschoolfunds.Students5demandforfun.Thedilemmaofschoolfinance.Teachers'generationaldifferences.C［细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是第二句"Themostobviousreasonistheissueoffinance.”可知，造成实地考察减少这一趋势的最明显的原因是学校的资金问题。对学校的资金需求越来越大，在如何花有限的资金方面学校要被迫做出困难的选择。故C项正确。］Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“Thisshift,,inparagraph3referto?Theswitchfromoldgenerationstoyounggenerations.Theswitchfromsportingeventstoculturalexperiences.Thechangefromanopportunitytolearntoatreattoentertain.Thechangefromeducationaldestinationstoluxuriousattractions.C［词义猜想题。根据第三段第二句可知，学校越来越多地利用这些出行去游乐园或参加体育比赛，当作是给学生的一种乐趣，而不是把这些出行当作学习文化的机会。结合下句中的主语“Thisshift”可知，这种转变是指“从学习文化的机会到娱乐的享受”，故C项正确。］WhatcanbeinferredaboutfieldtripsfromtheresearchbyJayGreene?A.Studentsarerewardedwithmoreculturalawareness.Amusementparksenrichchildren'slearningexperiences.Cuttingfieldtripsiscriticaltothefutureofthemuseum.Fieldtripsguaranteebetterfutureacademicperformance.A［推理判断题。根据尾段第二、三句可知，研究发现，参观艺术博物馆的学生极大地提高了他们的艺术知识和对艺术进行批判性思考的能力；他们还表现出更强烈的历史方面的兴趣，更有可能在未来参观文化场所。据此可推知，JayGreene所做的研究说明实地考察提高了学生的文化意识，故A项正确。］D（2021•济南市学情诊断考试）Wealreadyknowthateatingtoomuchsaltcanleadtoheartdisease.Butcoulditalsoaffectourmind?Scientistsfoundthatahigh-saltdietcouldcausecognitiveimpairments（认知损伤）inmice,anditcouldproducethesameeffectonhumans.DrCostantinoladecola,directoroftheFellFamilyBrainandMindResearchInstitute,saidtheyfedthemiceeighttosixteentimestheirnormalsaltintakeandthentestedthemice.Afteraboutthreemonths,themicehadabigchangeintheirbehaviour.Micearcverycurious,andtheyliketolookfornewthings.However,thetestedmicelosttheabilitytoidentifyanormalobject.Whenthemicewereputintheircageandaskedtofindaquietspot,theydidnotrememberwherethequietspotwas.Thenwhenthemicewerebuildinganest,whichissomethingthemicedodaily,theywereunabletodoso.Theresearchsuggestedhumanswouldexperienceasimilarresponse.StudieshaveshownAustralianseatarounddoubletherecommendedamountofsalteachday,mostofitcomingfromprocessedfood.DrladccolasaidtheestimatedtwoteaspoonsofsalttheaverageAustralianeatseachdaycouldaffectthebrainfunctioninthelongterm.However,thedeclinemightnotbeasobviousasinthemice,whoweregivenextremelyhighlevelsofsalt."Butprobablyoveryearsandperhapsdecades-asopposedtoafewmonthsforthemice-evenlowerlevelsofsaltmayhaveaterribleeffect,vDrladecolasaid.“Highlevelsofsaltcauseseriousimmune（免疫的）changesintheorgansinandaroundthestomach,resultinginanalmostautoimmuneeffectonthebrain.Itispartofagrowingbodyofevidencethatwereallyarewhatweeat,“BryceVisseLdirectoroftheCentreforNeuroscienceattheUniversityofTechnologySydney,said.uThosechangesinturncauseallsortsofresponsesinthebody,whichovertimecertainlycontributetocognitiveimpairments.n【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。吃太多盐会导致心脏病。不过科学家还发现，高盐饮食会造成老鼠的认知损伤，并且对人类也会产生同样的影响。Whichcandescribethetestedmice?Theyremainedquietallday.Theybecamesmarterthanever.Theyforgotsomeroutinethings.Theywerequickatfindingobjects.C［细节理解题。根据第二段中的aThenwhenthemicewerebuildinganest,whichissomethingthemicedodaily,theywereunabletodoso.”可知，被测试的老鼠不能再建窝，而建窝是它们每天做的事情，故C选项“它们忘记了一些日常的事情”正确。］WhatdoweknowaboutAustralians?Theyignorehealthadvice.Theyhaveahigher-saltdiet.Theydislikeprocessedfood.Theyvaluetheirbrainhealth.B［细节理解题。根据第三段第一句"StudieshaveshownAingfromprocessedfood.“可知，研究说明澳大利亚人每天吃大约为推荐量的两倍的食盐，这些食盐大局部来自加工食品，故B选项正确。］Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyfocuson?StudiescarriedoutbyBryceVissel.Immunechangesbroughtaboutbysalt.Effectsofdailydietsonhumanbehaviour.Linksbetweensaltintakeandbraindamage.D［段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，高盐引起胃内部和周围器官严重的免疫变化，会对大脑造成几乎是自身免疫性的影响，这些变化转而引起身体的各种反响，这些反响随着时间的流逝肯定会造成认知损伤，D选项“食盐摄入量和大脑损伤之间的联系”概括了本段的主要意思，故应选D。］Whatdoesthetextsuggest?Brainhealthcountsmuch.Thebodynevertellsalie.Alow-saltdietist