Oracle英文版培训课件之Backup and Recovery：Les-03-backup

UsingRMANtoCreateBackupsObjectivesAftercompletingthislesson,youshouldbeableto:ConfigurepersistentsettingsConfigurebackupdestinationsConfigurebackupoptimizationCreateduplexedbackupsetsUsingRMANtoCreateBackupsWhencreatingabackupusingRMAN,youcanspecify:Type:FullorincrementalFilestobackup:Entiredatabase,datafiles,controlfile,serverparameterfile,archivedredologfilesBackuptype:ImagecopyorbackupsetBackupDestinationsBackupscanbewrittento:DiskdirectoryMediaManagementLibrary(tapedevice)Typicallyusedfordisasterrecovery,whendiskbackupsarelost.FlashRecoveryAreaThisisthediskareasetasideforbackupandrecoveryandflashbackdatabasepurposes.Definethelocationandthesize.FilesareautomaticallynamedbyusingOracleManagedFiles.Filesareautomaticallyretainedanddeletedasnecessary.ConfiguringPersistentSettingsforRMANRMANispresetwithdefaultconfigurationsettings.UsetheCONFIGUREcommandto:ConfigureautomaticchannelsSpecifythebackupretentionpolicySpecifythenumberofbackupcopiestobecreatedSetthedefaultbackuptypetoBACKUPSETorCOPYLimitthesizeofbackuppiecesExemptatablespacefrombackupEnableanddisablebackupoptimizationConfigureautomaticbackupsofcontrolfilesUsingEnterpriseManagertoConfigure

RMANSettingsManagingPersistentSettingsUsetheSHOWcommandtolistcurrentsettings:UsetheCLEARcommandtoresetanypersistentsettingtoitsdefaultvalue:RMAN>SHOWCONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPFORMAT;RMAN>SHOWEXCLUDE;RMAN>SHOWALL;RMAN>CONFIGUREBACKUPOPTIMIZATIONCLEAR;RMAN>CONFIGUREMAXSETSIZECLEAR;RMAN>CONFIGUREDEFAULTDEVICETYPECLEAR;ConfiguringandAllocatingChannelsfor

UseinBackupsConfigureautomaticchannelswiththeCONFIGUREcommand:AllocatechannelsmanuallywiththeALLOCATE

CHANNELcommandwithinaRUNblock:RMAN>CONFIGUREDEVICETYPEsbtPARALLELISM1;RMAN>CONFIGUREDEFAULTDEVICETYPETOsbt;RMAN>CONFIGURECHANNELDEVICETYPEsbt…RMAN>BACKUPDATABASE;RMAN>RUN{ALLOCATECHANNELch1DEVICETYPEDISK;…BACKUPDATABASEPLUSARCHIVELOG;}ConfiguringBackupOptimizationTheBACKUPcommandskipsbackingupfileswhentheidenticalfileshavealreadybeenbackedup.Itisusedwhenthefollowingconditionsaretrue:Backupoptimizationisenabled.BACKUP

DATABASE,BACKUP

ARCHIVELOGwithALLorLIKEoptions,orBACKUP

BACKUPSET

ALLcommandsareexecuted.Onlyonetypeofchannelisallocated.ItcanbeoverridenwiththeFORCEoption.ItisalwaysusedforRECOVERY

AREA,DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST,andRECOVERY

FILES

BACKUPoptions.CreatingBackupSetsRMAN>BACKUPASBACKUPSET

2>FORMAT'/BACKUP/df_%d_%s_%p.bus'

3>TABLESPACEhr_data;Backup

setDatafile1Datafile2Datafile3Datafile1Datafile2Datafile3Tablespace

HR_DATACreatingImageCopiesCopyofdatafile3CopyofarchivedlogDatafile3Archived

logfileDatafile3Archived

logfileRMAN>BACKUPASCOPY

2>DATAFILE'/ORADATA/users_01_db01.dbf'

3>FORMAT'/BACKUP/users01.dbf';

RMAN>BACKUPASCOPY4>ARCHIVELOGLIKE'/arch%'

5>FORMAT'arch_%U.bak';BACKUPCommandOptionsScanforlogicalcorruptionsandphysicalcorruptions.Setathresholdonthenumberofdetectedcorruptionsallowedbeforeaborting.Validatethetargetinputfilesbeforeperformingabackupoperation.Duplexthebackupset.Overwriteanexistingbackupsetorimagecopy.Passcontrolofthedatatransferbetweenstoragedevicesandthedatafilesondisktothemediamanagementlayer.Encryptthebackupfiles.CreatingaWholeDatabaseBackupRMAN>

BACKUPDATABASE

PLUSARCHIVELOG;Archivedlog

filecopiesSPFILEControl

fileDatafilecopiesRMANBackupTypesAfullbackupcontainsalluseddatafileblocks.Alevel0incrementalbackupisequivalenttoafullbackupthathasbeenmarkedaslevel0.Acumulativelevel1

incrementalbackupcontains

onlyblocksmodifiedsincethe

lastlevel0incremental

backup.Adifferentiallevel1

incrementalbackupcontains

onlyblocksmodifiedsincethe

lastincrementalbackup.DifferentialincrementalbackupCumulativeincrementalbackupFull,or"level0

incrementalbackup"FastIncrementalBackupOptimizesincrementalbackupsTrackswhichblockshavechangedsincethelastbackupOracleDatabase10ghasintegratedchangetracking:Achangetrackingfileisintroduced.Changedblocksaretrackedasredoisgenerated.Databasebackupautomaticallyusesthechangedblocklist.ListofchangedblocksRedo

generationRedolog101100101011000011101001011010101110011Changetracking

fileSGACTWREnablingFastIncrementalBackup

ALTERDATABASE

{ENABLE|DISABLE}BLOCKCHANGETRACKING[USINGFILE'...']MonitoringBlockChangeTrackingSQL>SELECTfilename,status,bytes2FROMv$block_change_tracking;SQL>SELECTfile#,avg(datafile_blocks),2avg(blocks_read),3avg(blocks_read/datafile_blocks)4*100ASPCT_READ_FOR_BACKUP,5avg(blocks)5FROMv$backup_datafile6WHEREused_change_tracking='YES'7ANDincremental_level>08GROUPBYfile#;CreatinganOracle-SuggestedBackupCreatingDuplexedBackupSetsTocreateaduplexedbackupsetuse:CONFIGURE

...

BACKUP

COPIES

BACKUP...COPIESBackup

set1Datafile1Datafile2Datafile3Datafile1Datafile2Datafile3Tablespace

HR_DATABackup

set2Datafile1Datafile2Datafile3CreatingDuplexedBackupSetsUsing

CONFIGURE

BACKUP

COPIESRMAN>CONFIGUREARCHIVELOGBACKUPCOPIES>FORDEVICETYPEsbtTO2;RMAN>CONFIGUREDATAFILEBACKUPCOPIES>FORDEVICETYPEsbtTO2;RMAN>BACKUPDATABASEPLUSARCHIVELOG;RMAN>BACKUPDEVICETYPEDISKASCOPYDATABASE;CreatingDuplexedBackupSetsUsing

BACKUP

COPIESRMAN>BACKUPASBACKUPSETDEVICETYPEsbt2>COPIES23>INCREMENTALLEVEL04>DATABASE;CreatingBackupsofBackupSetsRMAN>BACKUPDEVICETYPEDISKASBACKUPSET2>DATABASEPLUSARCHIVELOG;RMAN>BACKUPDEVICETYPEsbtBACKUPSETALL;Datafile1Datafile2Datafile3Datafile1Datafile2Datafile3ArchivedredologsArchivedredologsBackupsetsConfiguringControlFileAutobackupsRMAN>CONFIGURECONTROLFILEAUTOBACKUPON;ControlFileAutobackups

(notesonlypage)UsingaMediaManagerRecovery

ManagerMedia

management

serversoftwareMedia

management

libraryServer

session

(channel)OracleSecure

Backupwithbuilt-inMMLOrCreatingProxyCopiesAproxycopyisabackuptoathird-partymediastoragedeviceinwhichtheentiredatatransferisconductedbyamediamanager.Mediamanagermustsupportproxycopyfunctionality.ItiscreatedwithBACKUP

PROXYcommand.RMANcreatesconventionalbackupifproxycopyisnotsupported.UsePROXY

ONLYtoforcefailureifproxycopyisnotpossible.ManagingBackups:ReportingUsethefollowingRMANcommandstoobtaininformationaboutyourbackups:LIST:Displaysinformationaboutbackupsets,proxycopies,andimagecopiesrecordedintherepositoryREPORT:ProducesadetailedanalysisoftherepositoryREPORT

NEED

BACKUP:ListsalldatafilesthatrequireabackupREPORT

OBSOLETE:IdentifiesfilesthatarenolongerneededtosatisfybackupretentionpoliciesManagingBackups:Reporting(notesonly)UsingEnterpriseManagertoViewBackupRepo