四级零基础讲义

和录专业的考神团队，一起秒杀四级四级写1、讲义打印后使用效果最好；如果在电脑上使用，请直接点击 word文档“视图”-“显示比3、考神团队在阅读写作翻译及词汇单项课程及四六级整体实力提升课程，请同学届时关注@建昆老师@曲根老师@老师的；4 坚持听课，做好笔记，按时复习，你的进步看的见四级考试作文的结构要求 引言段：表明文章话题，吸引读者，暗示正文内Nowadaystensofthousandsuniversitystudentsaregraduatedfromschool,andtheyallwanttobesuccessfulinthismodernworld.Doyouknowanyuniversitystudentswhodoesnotwanttosucceedinthesociety?Whatdoesittakeforthemtosucceedinthemodernsociety?“Successcomesnotonlyfrom andinspiration,butalsofromsatiperformanceininterview.”commentedDrKenlyinhis开门见山Inthemodernsociety,almostalluniversitystudentslookforwardtoAsthemodernsocietyputsmoreemphasisonaldifferenceandalvalues,itprovidesmoreopportunitiesforstudentstoseeksuccess.However,thefactisthatnoteveryonecansucceed.Successcallsforcertainopportunities,butmoreimportantly,itcallsformanyalqualities.2第一部分第二部分第三部分3总结的写评论的写四级写作构思文（一（二expert4allogicandknown例1句：Lackofsleep eanepidemicinthenationLackofsleep eanepidemicintheDr.DavidfromHarvarduniversitydeclaredafteranationwidesurvey“AmericansgetsleepthantheyusedLackofsleep eanepidemicintheWhenincollege,Iusedtosleepaboutninehourseveryday,butnowIcansleepforsixhoursifIwanttofinishmyjobontime,Iusuallyfeeltiredatwork.Lackofsleep eanepidemicintheIt’swellknownthatpeoplearoundusconsidersleeptheleastimportantitemontheirlistiftheyfacedwithheavypressurefromwork,familyorfriends.Lackofsleep eanepidemicintheFromthepollof18thand19th,sleepscientistshaveconcludedthattheaverage tosleepabout9.5hoursatnight,By1950sand1960s,sleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5and8hours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoarmclock.Lackofsleep eanepidemicintheThe,forexample,usedtoadmitthathefoundhisjobhardtodealwith,becauseamongotherthings,hecouldonlysleepforfourtofivehoursaday.Besides,manyemployerscomplainthattheirstaffcan’tworkefficientlyintheafternoon,fortheycan’tgetenoughtimeforsleepthedaybefore.Andthealsoreportsmoretrafficaccidentsbecausemanydriversconcentrateontheproblemoflackfsleep.Lackofsleep eanepidemicintheWemayhavefoundthatinspringwhentreesandbushescomeinfullblossom,beesusuallyspendlesstimeintheirhive.Becausetheyhavemorehoney-makingjobstodo.Similarly,whenpeoplehavemoreworktodo,theytendtosleepless,andthishascometrueforus.lackofsleep eanepidemicintheNowadays,thestepoflifehas eincreasinglyfast,andpeopleareexpectedtoshouldermoreresponsibilitiesatwork.Besides,associalinteractions emoreconvenientandbroader,peoplehavetospendmoretimekeefriendsandotheracquaintsinfrequentcontact.Astheycan’tfindmoretimeinoneday,alltheycan stoborrowthesleeEducationisalsoveryimportantforelderlyProf.WangfromBeijinguniversityreportedinhisstudythatmanyelderlypeopleattendvarioustrainingsaftertheirretirement,andthisisnotonlyhelpsthemimprovetheirskillsinthesefields,butalsoprovidesthemwithanopportunitytocommunicatewithotherelderlypeople,makingtheirfreetimemoreinteresting.EducationisalsoveryimportantforelderlyArecentstudybythemunicipalernmentrevealsthatmorethan88percentoftheretiredpeopleattenddifferentkindsoftrainingprogramsprovidedbytheelderlyuniversity.Thisstudyalsoshowsthat92.5percentoftheseelderlyuniversitystudentsagreethatthesetrainingclassesnotonlyteachthemusefulskills,butalsohelpthemtokilltheirfreetimemoreeasily.EducationisalsoveryimportantforelderlyAccordingtoourschoolnewspr,mostoldpeopleintheresidentialareanearouruniversityattendmanykindsoftrainingclassessuchaspaintingandsinging.Thishelpsthemtospendaricherandmoremeaningfullife.Mr.Maevencommentsthathisretiredlifeisbetterthanhisworkinglifebefore.EducationisalsoveryimportantforelderlyBothmygrandparentsareactiveparticipantsintheelderlyuniversityinmyhometown.MygrandpalearnshowtopaintChinesepainting,andmygrandmalearnshowtocook.Thestudykeepsthembusyandhappy,andtheyusedtolmethatthisstudyexperienceisveryimportantforthem.EducationisalsoveryimportantforelderlyUsuallyoldpeoplehavemoretimetodealwithbecausetheyhavetoquitworking.Attendingdifferentkindsoftrainingscanofallengagetheirtimesothattheywillnotfeelbored.Besides,thesetrainingscsohelpoldpeoplelearnsomeusefulknowledgewhichcanhelpmaketheirmorecolorful.Therefore,itisquiteimportantforoldpeopletoseekacertainkindofeducation.EducationisalsoveryimportantforelderlyWeallknowthatthereisasayingthat“liveandlearn”.Thismeansthatweshouldkeeplearningnomatterhowoldweare.Thiskindoflearningcanhelptheoldtokeepinpacewiththesociety,andtoacquiresomeusefulknowledgetomaketheirretiedlifemoreEducationisalsoveryimportantforelderlyWhenahouseisjustfinished,itdoesnotneedmuaintenance,butwhenit esold,youhavetodomuchrepairingworkifyoustillwantittobefunctional.Whenamachineismade,itdoesnotrequiremuchcaretorunsmoothly,butwhenitturnsold,youhavetooilitmoreoftenandreplacebrokenpartsmoreofteninordertokeepitrunning.Similarly,whenpeople eold,wealsohavetosupplynewinformationandideastotheirmindifwewanttokeepthemmentallyfunctional.Obviously,educationisthesolution.四级英语句型解析：一therebe结构ThereisaconcertlastThereareEnglishbook,adictionaryandsomebooksontheTherearemanypeopleliketogotomovies.Thereweremanyfriendsvisitedourschool.二否定结构2needhave——Idon’trememberallthe——IhaveneverseensuchthingsSheistoosensitivenottonotice具有否定意义的短语byno innoinno onnoTheproblemsarebynomeansdifficulttoOnnoaccountareyoutocheatinthecomingThesituationisseriousinno常用语否定句的词组at bymanyinany inthe--IamnottiredintheTheclimateinSheniscolderthanotherComparingwithcars,thetrainrunsmuch(1)同级比较--我叔叔和你父亲一样高--这个里的水和那个里的水一样多--你的帽子和帽子一样(2)--和英语相比我更擅长物理固定句型A“越…越--他越忙越感到--你越努力取得的进步越大B:句子主要成分++and+--假期航班越来越不贵了--在这上面花的时间越来越多C：句子的主要成分+the++ofthe--这是两个问题中比较简单的一个--Heismorethanasinger;heisafamous--Ascienceismore argeamountofinformationonsome--Iammorethansadtohear--Morethan70%ofpeopleare选择比较--与其说他聪明，不如说他幸四因果结构——Mysecretarydidn’tattendthemeetingbecausehewas——I lyouaboutitsinceyouhavenot——Wewentwithouthimashewasnotreadyin——Inthatheisverybusy,hefeelsunableto——Shedidnotgetthejobonthegroundthatshewas——NotthatIdon’tlikethenovel,butthatIhavenotimefor——Everyoneworkhard,sothattheworkwasfinishedaheadof——Iwasasleep,withtheresultthatIdidnothearthe——Hestudiedhard,sohepassedthe——前因——五目的结构——采取这样的措施是为了解决这个问题——为了使每个人都理解 请大声的把它说出来——我记下他的地址，以免忘记——如果不努力学习是不会成功的七并列结构——Winterhadgoneandspringis——Notonlyishehimselfinterestedinthesubjectbutalsohissonisbeginningtoshowaninterestinit.——Wehadtocopewiththeactionfromtheenemyaswellastheshortageoffood,clothing,andalmosteverything.It（1）Itbe+名词/形容词for+名词/代词)+——保护环境是的责任——我来参加这个是很荣幸的（2）Itbe+of名词/代词+——她连母亲的生日都忘记，实在是太粗心了——考虑真周到，为做好一切必要的准备（3）Itbe被强调部分——这就是我生病住院照顾那个护士九简单句和复合句间的转换主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语主语系动词+表语主语谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语十主动和之间的转EverytimewhenMarygoestojourney,shedoesnotknowwhatclothessheshouldtake.EverytimewhenMarygoestojourney,shedoesnotknowwhatclothesshouldbetaken.WeshouldpaymoreattentiontotheelderlywhodevotedtheiryouthandenergytoourMoreattentionshouldbepaidtotheelderlywhodevotedtheiryouthandenergytoour四级写作语言质量提(1)在小山顶上有一座古(2)你才能把它做好(3)窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女我喜欢看书，而兄弟却喜欢看电视他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗如果天气好，就去；如果天气不好，就不去了她本可申请这份工作的，但她没有听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来由于不知道地址，我没法和她联系他出生农民家庭，只上过两年学中午晒着吃野餐。休息一会儿后，唱的唱歌，跳的跳舞，还有的讲笑话、下他已决定长大了当老他不大喜欢音乐他太累了，不能再往前走了这很有趣，学生和老师都很喜欢四级写作常见错误小MisuseofPartsof——Charitiescan’treliefpoorpeoplefrompoverty.Theycanonlyhelpthemavoid——Shetoldhermotherthatherdressneeded——MoreandmoreChinesepeoplecanaffordprivatecars.Buttheincreaseofthemproducesunfavorableeffectsinmanyaspects.——Healongwithhisparentstakeexercises——Asauniversitystudent,weshouldstudy——Hesaidhedidn’tmeanyouandyouaretooWrongFormof——Bothmyparentshavereceivedgood——Sheisaprettyandsmart——Historyisboring.Notmanypeoplelikehistoryclass.Mostpeoplethinkhistoryisboringtoo.Becauseitissoboring.Lotsofpeoplethinkhistoryisboring.Historyisoneofthemostboringclassesinschool.ThatiswhyIthinkhistoryisboring.常见错误小结：语法时态,语态,虚拟语气,一致关系(主谓一致,单复数一致,代词一致,平行结构中的成分一致）词汇固定搭配错误熟练掌握常见搭配介词短语,形容词短语以及固定句型中的词汇搭配 单词使用不当熟悉常见形容词或副词的用法;词汇辨析连接词的错指代关系的错单词词性的错错误详解 时态错误时态是一个语法范畴，是用以表示各种时间和动作方面的动词形式。时间有四个部分，即现在，过去将来和过去将来。动作有四个部分， 一般，现在，进行和完成进行1everyoftenusuallysometimes一般现在时表经常发生的动作或者存在的状态yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday, 1982,justnow，inthose等一般过去时表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态forsinceduringfrominsofareverneveryet,tilluntilnow,atpresent,atthismoment, nextweek(month,yeartomorrow,inaweek(monthyear)等beforebywhenafter,once等例：Theteachertoldthechildrenthesunwasthecenterofsolar单项改错练Myfrienddidn’tseemeformanyyearswhenImethimlastShehasdiedtenyearsago,butsheisstillrememberedbyallwhoknewOverthepastyears,Marcohadhadtheopportunitytotraveltomanyremoteareasoftheearth.Mothertoldmethathonestywasthebest（1）不及物动词或者不及物动词短语没有语态appearbelongtobreakoutoccurhappen（2）语态中的几个常见介词用法by表示动作的执行者with表示使用某种工具of表由原料制成from表示某中物质直接看不出来。Thebridgeis Thepencilwassharpened Wineismade Thearticlewas 单项改错练ThismeetinghascanceledbecauseofthebadFarmanimalshavebeenregardlessbynearlyallsocietiesasavaluableeconomicAnotherrailwayisgoingtobuiltintheGreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinmy虚拟语气：:1表示命令，要求，建议，劝告的动词以及其名词要求宾语从句中使用虚拟。某些主语从句中也需要虚拟。(形容词包括 ,wouldratherItishightimethat+(shouldWish后面的宾语从句中要求使用虚拟语气，其用法也分为对现在，过去incaselestforfearthat（should+do单项改错练HewishesthatheisaI’dratheryoustayathomeandtookcareoftheHetookhisumbrellawithhimincaseitwillItisimportantthatallthepreparationworkhasfinishedbeforetherainyseasonTheclub’s mendationwasthatallmembersareatthepartybyseventhisevening.一致关系直接成分的句例：Thechild,beingtakencareofbyhisgrandparentsaredeafand对主语进行限定的定语从例：Whatareyourfavoriteboth，and连接两个名词做主语，谓语动词复数形式例：BothNewYorkandLondonhastrafficproblems.aswellasnolessthanratherthanmorethan,butexpectpaniedbyalongwithtogetherwithlikeincludinginadditionto等连接的名词或例：Theteacheraswellasthestudentslikethisoreither…orneither…nornotonly….butalso等连接的名词或代词做主语时，例：Eithertheprincipalorhisassistantsistoattendto并列名词做主语后多用复数例：Mypictureandtheprizeishanginginthe例：Threepassengersdiedinthecar例：Theresolutionwasadaptedbyavoteof180infavorto10against近义词误 ernmenthadtakensomeefficientmeasures,pricesbegantolevel形近意义词误例：Thediseasemainlyeffectstheskinand词性形容词和副词例：Sheheldhimtight,wiawayhis其他词性的误例：cross---- medicine---- 背诵句型/phenomenon/Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.Thephenomenonmainlystemsfromthefactthat...Oneofthemostcommonfactoristhat...Anothercontributingcauseis...Perhapstheprimaryreasonisthat…Butthefundamentalelementisthat比TheadvantagesfaroutweightheTheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoseofAmaybepreferabletoB,butAsuffersfromthedisadvantagesthat...Likeanythingelse,ithasitsfaults.AandBhasseveralpointsin批Itistruethat...,butonevitalpointisbeingleftThereisagrainoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyignoreamoreimportantfact.Acloseexaminationwouldrevealhowridiculousthestatementis.ItmakesnosensetoarguethatContrarytowhatiswidelyaccepted,Imaintain举AgoodcaseinpointisAsanillustration,wemaytake...asanexample.Suchanexamplemightbegiveneasily.证NoonecandenythefactthatHardlyistheidea supportedbyfacts.Unfortunay,noneoftheavailabledatashowsthat...Thereissufficientevidencetoshowthat...结Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecandrawtheconclusionthat...Itishightimethatstrictmeasuresweretakentostop...ItisnecessarythatstepsshouldbetakentoInsummary,ifwecontinuetoignoretheabove-mentionedissue,moreproblemswillcropWiththeeffortsofallpartsconcerned,theproblemwillbesolved背诵段落图画/图表描述段①Fromthepicturegraphchart,tablepiebarweknow （图表内容总概括②Ontheonehand,theleft/picturelsus （情况一，图一/表一的内容③Ontheotherhand,（theright/second）pictureinformsusthat （情况二，图二/表二的内容）.④Itcaneasilybeseenthat （图表内容总括.②Inthepicture, _描述图/表一内容如果是一个表则可左或上半部分）.③Asisshownintheseconddrawing/picture, 下半部分）.④Itissafetodrawtheconclusionthat 意义阐述段①Judgingfromthepictures,wecanclearlyinferthatthedrawer’sintentionis （扩展句）.③Foronething/ofall/ly, another/Besides/Moreover/Inaddition/Secondly, （第二个层面）.⑤Thus/Asa ①Tobeginwith,thepurposeofthedrawingsistoshowus （句）,yetsymbolicmeaningssubtlyconveyedshouldbetakenmoreseriously.② isnaturallyassociatedwith,tobespecific （第一个层面）.③Besides/Moreover/In （第二个层面）。④Asaresult/Therefore, 原因阐释段①Therearemanyreasonsresponsibleforthisphenomenon/case/instanceandthefollowingarethetypicalones.②Thereasonisthat （理由一）.③Thesecondreasonisthat exampleisthat ②Themostcontributingoneis/themainreasonisnoother （理由一③Whatis （理由二）. （理由三）alsoplayaroleinthis建议措施段①Consideringallthesereasons/thissituation/Confrontedwithsuchaproblem,Ithinkweneedtotakesomepositivemeasures.②Ontheonehand, （方法/建议一）.③Ontheotherhand,itisnecessaryforus （总结自己的观点/建议/态度①Inordertoimprovethesituation/Tosumuptheaboveargument/Confrontedwithanissue/problem,weshouldfindseveralsolutionstoit/needtotakesomemeasures.②Ontheonehand/Foronething,weshould otherhand/Foranother, （方法/建议二）.④Therefore/Thus/Onlyinthisway,can（段落总结句趋势①Accordingly,itisvitalforustoderivepositiveimplicationsfromthesethough-provokingdrawings.②Ontheonehand,wecanfrequentlyusethemtoenlightenthat （观点/态度）.④Only（段落总结句）andonlyinthiswaycanwehaveabrilliant①Theeffects whichhasproduced canbeboileddowntotwomajor②,（影响一）.③Moreimportantly,（影响二）.④Hence,Ibelievethatwewillseea （提出展望）./Nevertheless,Idonotthinkwewillseea （或举例说明段①Therearemanycases/examplestoexplain （句）.②Take asatypical exampleisthat （可进一步阐述）.③Thesecondexampleisthat/Inaddition/Hereisacounterexample./Oppositecaseinpointisthat/Onthecontrary （第二个例子的内容或举一个例子）.④Therefore,/Only （总结句/段落总结句 （观点句）.Itcanbebest/wellillustratedin/explainedby（例子）.②（阐述例子）.③ （进一步阐述例子）.④Therefore, 观点阐释段①Nowadays,aheateddebate （）isunderwayinChina.②Aflimsy（grondlesst（进一步说明①Whiletherhythm/pace/tempoofpeople’slivingisspeedinguponeofthetopicsmanycityresidentsarediscussingis （）.②Aspartofdomesticmodernization,needstobedevelopedurgentlyinchina,for 现象/现状说明段①Withtherapidadvances inrecent （引出现象 ,as （提出问题）.③Asaresult, 响）,whichhasarousedclosesocialattentionfromallwalksoflife.①Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology（electronicindustry/highereducation）,moreandmorepeoplecometorealizethat （引出现象）.②Itisestimated,overthepastdecade,that 利弊说明段①Recentlytheissueofwhetherornot （话题）hasbeeninthelimelightandhasarousedwideconcerninthepublic②Therearetwomajorargumentsthatcanbemade③Foronething, canbring thatpeopleusually （优点二）.⑤Butwemustnotlosesightofthefactthattherearealsodrawbacksto ,amongwhichare （列举缺点）.⑥Forinstance,itcanbe （举例说明）.⑦Inaddition,manypeoplefindit（形容词 （第二个缺点①Somepeopleareinfavoroftheideaof _.②Theypointoutthefact（支持的第一个原因）.③Theyalsoarguethat（支持的另一个原因）.④Theremightbesomeelementoftruthinthesepeople’sbelief.⑤However,otherpeoplestandonadifferentground.⑥Theyconsideritharmfultodo .⑦Theyfirmlypointoutthat（的理由归纳结论段①Judgingfromthesefigures,wecandrawtheconclusion （得出结论）.reasonforthis,asfarasIamconcernedis （给出原因）.③Itishightimethat（发出倡议①Takingintoaccountofallthesefactors,wemayreachtheconclusion ②Andwiththeabovecontent,itwillshowmoreprofoundsignificancein [en]Lifewaslikeaboxofchocolates,youneverknowwhatyou'regonna范文阅读IsitnecessarytoholdthetestofspokenEnglishinAtestofspokenEnglishwillbeincludedasanoptionalcomponentoftheCollegeEnglishTest.SomepeoplearguethatitisabsoluynecessarytoholdatestofspokenEnglishinChinabecausewehavebeeninformedfrequentlythhinesestudentwhohasbeenlearningEnglishforovertenyearscannotevencommunicatewithanativespeaker.SometimeseventhosetopstudentswhoexcelingrammarandwritingskillsfindtheirEnglishinadequatetoexpresstheirthoughtsfreely.AtestofEnglishwillbringthecollegestudentsanawarenessoftheimportanceoforalEnglish,andwillthushelpthemwiththeircommunicatingskills.Ontheotherhand,someothersstillmaintainthatagoodcommandofreadingandwritingskillswillbeenoughfortheEnglishlearners.Tosomeextenttheiropinionderivesfromthefactthatstudentsarealreadyunderconsiderablepressurefromtheircoursework.Anotherrequiredtestwillonlyaddtotheirburden.Moreover,somestudentsmaytaketheshortcutbyfocusingonseveralguessedquestionsaccordingtothefixedformatofthetest,hoforthecoincidencetobringthemgoodluck.Inmyopinion,atestofspokenEnglishwilldomoregoodthanharm.SinceChinawillcontinueitspolicyofopeningandreform,theabilitytospeakEnglishfluentlyisamustforanyonewhowantstosurpassothersinahighlycompetitivesociety.WhetherItakethetestornot,IshallsparemanyeffortstopracticeoralEnglishintheremainingyearsofmycollegeItisnodoubtthateveryonehashisinterests.Forexample,yoursisterisinterestedinstampcollecting;yourbrothertakesinterestinphysics;andyouyourselfhavealikingforTodevelopyourinterestswillhelpyoumakewayintheworld.Ifyouliketobeateacherandyoureceiveadequateeducation,youwillcertainlymakeyourselfasuccessfulone.Ifyoucultivateyourvariousinterestsproperly,youwillprobablyfinditeasiertofindajoborSometimesyouhavetogiveupyourinterestsforonethingoranother.Ifyouhaveafamilyandstillyouhaveagreatinterestinwatchinorsomeotherpastime,youhavetogiveitupfromtimetotimesothatyoucanhelpwithhouseworkorspendtimewithyourlovelyWhatishonesty?Honestymeanslingthetruthandbeingfairanduprightinact.Honestisagoodvirtue.Hewholiesandcheatsisdishonest.Thosewhogainfortunes,notbyhardlabor,butbyothermeans,aredishonest.Honestyisthebestpolicy.Ifyouarehonestinallmatters,you’llbetrustedandrespectedbyothers.Aliarisalwayslookeddownuponandregardedas