江苏省盐城市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

2021/2022学年度第二学期高二年级期终考试英语试题第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。BRIEFLYNOTEDMyFourthTime,WeDrowned,bySallyHayden.In2018,Hayden,anIrishjournalist,receivedaFacebookmessagefromamankeptinarefugee(难民)camp,whichaffordedherawindowintothehorrorsfacedbyAfricanrefugees.Throughinterviewswithpeopleinvolved,HaydenlearnstheyareabusedandsoldasgoodswithoutmercyandhowWesterninstitutionsliketheEuropeanUnionturnablindeye.Dream-Child,byEricG.Wilson.ThisexcitingrepresentationofCharlesLambisthefirstfull-lengthbiography(传记)oftheRomantic-eraessayistandpoetsince1905.Perhapsbestrememberedastheco-author,withhissister,Mary,ofTalesfromShakespeare,Lambcaredforhissister,whowasinpoorhealth.Whilefacedwithdepression,Lambwasidentifiedasapioneerandhisessaysexhibitedalookatmoderncitylife.RunandHide,byPankajMishra.Mishra’snovelfollowsthreecollegeclassmatesdesperatetoescapetheirlower-middle-classsituation,castingacriticaleyeonself-mademen.Whiletwoofthemstrugglewiththeheightstheyhavereached,thenarratoravoidsbecomingtrappedinsimilarsituationsbyreturningtoamountainvillagetoworkasatranslator.Writtenclearly,thenovelgivesthereadersaninsightintotheideasoffreedom.TheWhiteGirl,byTonyBirch.Thisnovel,setinaremoteAustraliantowninthenineteen-sixties,centersonanindigenous(土著)woman,Odette,andhergranddaughter.AsOdetteattemptstoprotecthergranddaughter,shefindsinequalityinsociety.BirchillustrateshowAustralia’spoliciestreatedtheindigenouspeopleunfairly.1.WhatcanwelearnfromDream-Child?A.Itcastslightonthemodernrurallife.B.MarycontributedtoTalesfromShakespeare.C.Lambisofamildandoptimisticpersonality.D.WilsonisbestrememberedforTalesfromShakespeare.2.Whichbookwillyouprefertoacquireabetterunderstandingofliberty?A.MyFourthTime,WeDrowned. B.Dream-Child.C.RunandHide. D.TheWhiteGirl.3.WhatdoMyFourthTime,WeDrownedandTheWhiteGirlhaveincommon?A.They’rebothsetinthe20thcentury. B.Theybothfocusonfamilybonds.C.They’rebothsetinthesamecountry. D.Theybothfocusonthedisadvantaged.Located150milessouthofmainlandAustralia,Tasmaniaisknownforitswildlifeandlandscape,includinguniqueplantandanimalspecies.PerhapsitsmostfamousnativeanimalistheTasmaniandevil,asmallbutviolentanimal.Theislandwasalsohometoalargewolf-likeTasmaniantiger.Itlivedamongtheisland’sfamousgianttreeferns(树蕨),butwashuntedbypeopleuntilthelastknownanimaldiedinazooin1936.AteamofAustralianscientistshavediscoveredthatTasmaniaisnowcarbonnegative,meaningitabsorbsmorecarbondioxidegas(CO2)thanitgivesoff.Theteamsaytheirfindingsshowtheimportanceofforestsinfightingclimatechange.LargequantitiesofCO2actasagreenhousegas,trappingheatintheEarth’satmosphereandcausingclimatechange.Manycountrieshaveplanstobecome“carbonneutral”(碳中和),butTasmaniaisoneofthefirstplacesintheworldtogocarbonnegative.ThefactcametolightwhenateamfromAustralianNationalUniversity(ANU)lookedintotheCO2emissions(排放)ofeachAustralianstate.CO2isproducedbyactivitiessuchasburningcoal,oilandgasforpower,butisalsoreleasedwhenforestsarecutdown—especiallyifthewoodisusedtomakepaperandsimilarproducts.Ontheotherhand,livingforestsabsorblargeamountsofCO2.In2011,campaignersblockedplanstobuildalargenewpaperfactoryinTasmania,leadingtoalargedeclineincuttingdownTasmania’sforests.Consequently,CO2emissionsdroppedsharplyandallowedforeststocontinuegrowinginstead.MuchofTasmania’spowercomesfromhydroelectricity,whichdoesnotgiveoffCO2.ScientistssaythatTasmania’sachievementshowstheimportantroleofforestsinmanagingCO2.TheysaypreservingforestsaroundtheworldcouldhelpmanycountriestoabsorbmoreCO2.“Weneedtostorealotmorecarbonintheenvironment,”explainedProfessorDavidLindemayerofANU,addingthat“themosteffectiveplacetodothatisinforests.”4.WhichisTRUEabouttheTasmaniantiger?A.Itwasasmallbutviolentanimal.B.Itwentextinctbecauseofhunting.C.ToomuchCO2emissionputitontheline.D.Largeclearingoftreesledtoitsdyingout.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutTasmania?A.ZeroCO2emissionshelpitgogreen.B.Massesofforestshelpitgocarbonnegative.C.Itdoesn’tneedtofightclimatechangeanymore.D.Itcoversthelargestareasofforestsintheworld.6.Whatdoesparagraph4convey?A.ManyCO2emissionsarisefromhumanactivities.B.PaperfactorieshaveagreatprospectinTasmania.C.PeoplearenotallowedtocutdowntreesinTasmania.D.HydroelectricityistheonlyenergysourceinTasmania.7.WhatdoesDavidLindemayerprobablyexpressinthelastparagraph?A.Carbonisposingthebiggestthreattotheearth.B.Forestsarethemosteffectiveplacestotrapheat.C.He’sproudofTasmania’sachievementinmanagingCO2.D.Preservingforestscouldbesthelpbattleclimatechange.Currently,videocallsarebecomingfamiliarchallengesastheCOVID-19forcesworkerstocommunicatefromtheirhomesandoffices.Nowscientistshaverevealedwhywetendtoendupraisingourvoicesatourworkmates:asvideoqualityfalls,wespeaklouderandvaryourgestures(手势)inanattempttomakeup.“Thegestureswemakewhiletalking,aswellasothervisualsignals,aretrulyimportantandintegratedaspectsofhowwecommunicate,”saidDr.JamesTrujillo,thefirstauthoroftheresearchatRadboudUniversity,intheNetherlands.Trujillosaidpreviousresearchhadshownthatwhenwecannothearsomeonewell,wespeaklouder,whiletheteam’srecentworkshowsthatwhenavideocallisverynoisy,peoplemaketheirgesturesmorenoticeable.Trujilloandhiscolleaguesreportedinajournalhowtheyanalyzedvideocallsbetween20pairsofparticipants,whosatinseparateroomsandchattedfreelytoeachotheroveraZoom-likevideocallfor40minutes.Overthecourseofthecall,thequalityofthevideowaschangedin10stepsbetweenexcellentandcompletelyunclear,withhalfofthepairsexperiencingimprovingvideoquality,andhalfexperiencingitintheoppositeway.Thevideoqualityduringthecallateachstepwasthesameforbothparticipants.Theresearchtrackedtheparticipants’gesturesandaspectsoftheirspeech.Theteamaddedthatwhengestureswerenotbeingused,speechwasunaffectedbydecreasesinvisibility.However,whengestureswereused,volumeincreasedbyuptofivedecibels(分贝)asvideoqualitydeteriorated,andthenremainedatthishigherlevelasvideoqualitydecreasedfurther—inotherwords,whengesturesceasedtobeusefulatall.“Theyknowthatthegesturesbeingproducearevitaltotheircommunication,buttheirpartnerisgoingtohaveahardertimeseeingthem.Sotheyincreasethestrengthoftheothersignal—speech.”hesaid.8.Whydowetendtoraiseourvoicesonvideocall?A.Duetothepoorvideoquality.B.Inthehopeofcuringourpoorhearing.C.Inanattempttoavoidmakinggestures.D.Forthesakeofgeneratinginterestinthetopic.9.Whatdoweknowfromparagraphs3-4?A.Recentfindingsagreewithpreviousones.B.Participantsmadethevideocallinequalmeasure.C.Integratedfactorsmakeforeffectivecommunication.D.Dr.JamesTrujilloisthefirstpersontolookintothetopic.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deteriorated”meaninparagraph5?A.Turnedbetter. B.Grewunstable.C.Becameworse. D.Remainedunchanged.11.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.Liftup,wecan’tcatchyou B.Cheerup,wewon’tfailyouC.Shutup,wecan’treachyou D.Speakup,wecan’tseeyouSusan,aschoolteacher,hasbeenasourceofloveforherstudentsandmanypeople.Shehelpedafriendraisefundsforadoption,madequilts(被子),soldthem,andgavethemoneytoherworkmatewholostherhusband.Sheevenhelpedsomeonerebuildthekitchen.Onemightthinkthatsheistoobusydoingthingsforothersanddoesnothaveanyconcerns.Sadly,herhusbandisbatingcancerforthethirdtimenow.Hersmallsalaryisnotenoughtocoveralloftheirexpenses.Thankfully,SecretSantasteppedinsecretly.HeworkswithEastIdahoNews,ledbyNateEaton,whogoesaroundIdahospreadingholidaycheerthisseason.Thebigdaycame,andNatepaidthisgreatteacherasurprisevisitinthemiddleofherclass.“We’reherebecauseaSecretSantawantstogivepresentstoyourteacher,”hesaid.HerstudentsshoutedinchorusforSusantoopengiftsatonce.Judgingfromthewayshelooked,sheseemedtobeholdingbackhertears.Shewashandedthefirstboxcontaining$1,000worthofgiftcardsfromaCraftStore.Shelovestovisitthestore,butneverbuysthingsataregularprice.Then,sheopenedthesecondboxwherelayacheckforathousanddollars.She,aswellasherstudents,wasobviouslyastonished.Susanappreciatedthegiftsalot.Butthere’smore!Agiftlargerthanlifewasoutsidewaitingforitsowner.Shewasgivenaboxwithcarkeysinside.Thekidsburstintoapplause,trulyhappyfortheirdearteacher.Outoftheirschool,shecouldn’tbelieveablueChevroletcarwashersnow.Interestingly,thoughalsoinneed,thiswomanstillthoughtaboutwhomshecouldhelpandwherethegiftshouldgo.Nowondermanypeople,includingherstudents’parents,loveheralot.Indeedhelpingandlovingpeopleisnotinvain.Maywealsobegenerousingivingoutloveandjoynotonlythisseasonbutatalltimes.12.WhatcanpeoplearoundSusangetfromher?A.Home-cookedfood. B.Substantialmoney.C.Generousassistance. D.Professionaladvice.13.WhatdidSusanstrugglewithinherdailylife?A.Howtoraisefundsforothers.B.Howtoearnherhusband’ssupport.C.Howtohelpasmanypeopleasshecould.D.Howtogothroughthedailylifewithhermodestsalary.14.WhichcanbestspeakvolumesaboutSusan’sfeelings?A.Astonishedandgrateful. B.Proudandthankful.C.Delightedbutembarrassed. D.Surprisedbutashamed.15.WhatdoesSusan’sstoryimply?A.Greathopesmakegreatman. B.Everycloudhasasilverlining.C.Onegoodturndeservesanother. D.Luckfavorsthepreparedmind.第二部分七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Tomtoldhimselfthat2022wasgoingtobetheyearwhenhefinallygothislifetogether.SoonNewYear’sEveof2021,hewroteoutallofhisNewYear’sresolutions.AsTomwaswritingthemdown,hegotreallyexcitedandevenbecameproudofhimself,justforthinkingofdoingallthesethings.____16____Hetookfulladvantageofhistimetoworkout.____17____“You’renotgoingtoworkoutwhenyouaretired,”Tomtoldhimself.Hedidn’treallyfeellikeeatingsalad.Whathefeltlikeeatingwasabig,juicyburger.AndagainTomtoldhimselfthat“I’vebeenworkingreallyhardoverthepastfewweeks.Ideserveadayoff.”Overthenextfewweeks,Tom’sgoodhabitsstartedtoslowdown.Hestartedtosleepinalittlebit.Hewouldskipagymsessionoccasionally,andthenalmostallofTom’sgoodhabitsweregone.____18____Personally,IcantotallyrelatewithTom,andsomeofyouprobablycantoo.WhydidTomandmostpeoplenotstickwiththeirgoodnewhabit?____19____Youmightaskyourself,“Well,howcanIreallyacquireit?”Honestly,thereisn’tasimpleanswertothis,butthebestansweristojustthinkaboutwhatyouarecommittingto.Creatinggreathabitsiskindofbuildingahouse.Yourhabitsarelikebricks.____20____Withoutit,thathousewilldefinitelycollapseandyouwillprobablyendupexactlywhereyouleftoff.Thatisexactlywhatsetssuccessfulpeopleapartfromunsuccessfulpeople.A.WhydidhisNewYear’sresolutionsfallapart?B.Basicallyheendedupexactlywherehestarted.C.Commitmentislikethegluethatholdsbricksinplace.D.However,onedayhefoundhimselfgaining7kilograms.E.AstheNewYearcamearound,Tomstartedoffreallystrong.F.However,onedayafterwork,hedidn’treallyfeellikegoingtothegym.G.Themainreasonisthattheydon’tpossesssomethingcalledcommitment.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Acoupleofyearsago,Iwasonaflightbymyself.WhenIwassittingquietlyinmychair,aman____21____andsatdownnexttomewithout____22____me.Astheplanewasreadytotakeoff,themanstartedshaking,sweatingand____23____uncomfortablyinhischair.Theplanebegan____24____andthemanstartedgettingstressedout.Notknowingwhattodo,Iwas____25____terrified.Icouldjustfocusonmy____26____,5in,5out.Astime____27____,IsuddenlynoticedonmylapthebookIwasreadingbeforehand.InoticedthelinethatI____28____formyselftoread—When____29____ispresentinus,webringawarenesstoitandsmiletoit.Theman_____30_____thebook,too.Withoutthinkingtwice,Iofferedittohimandsaid,“It’sagreatbook.”Themantookitand_____31_____me,asking,“What’sitabout?”“Aboutpeace,”I_____32_____instantly.Themanreaditalittlebitandthenlookedbackatme,requesting,“Whereareyoufrom?”AlthoughIwasstill_____33_____,Itookadeepbreathandsaid,“I’mfromIsrael.”Hearingmyanswer,hegraduallygotquiet.BeforeIknewit,thiscompletestrangerjust10minutesagosharedwithmepicturesofhisfamilyandevenonevery_____34_____factabouthimthathewasafraidofflying.Ourrealpowerashumanbeingsisourabilityto_____35_____thefearinsideandtochoosetoactdifferentlyandthechangehastobeginwithus.21.A.waved B.skipped C.emerged D.returned22.A.waking B.calling C.recognizingD.acknowledging23.A.swinging B.sleeping C.standing D.shifting24.A.landing B.climbing C.diving D.sinking25.A.completely B.consistently C.temporarily D.barely26.A.imagining B.reading C.thinkingD.breathing27.A.diedaway B.rolledaway C.slippedawayD.passedaway28.A.wrote B.marked C.designed D.printed29.A.fear B.passion C.depression D.curiosity30.A.seized B.sought C.spotted D.searched31.A.shoutedat B.pointedat C.lookedatD.smiledat32.A.responded B.repeated C.requested D.required33.A.scared B.relieved C.surprisedD.depressed34.A.permanent B.personal C.potential D.precise35.A.resist B.resolve C.admitD.anticipate第四部分(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Nanjingsilkbrocade(织棉),alsocalledyunjin,____36____(literal)meanscloud-patternbrocadebecauseitisasbeautifulasthecloudsduringsunset.Formorethan1600years,weavers(织工)inNanjing,hometosixfamousancientcapitalsofChina,____37____(make)brocadesinauniqueway.Best-knownamongtheancientsilkfabrics____38____(be)Nanjingyunjin,whichintegratestheexcellenttraditionofbrocadeinpreviousdynastiesintothe____39____(value)experienceofothersilkweavingprocesses.Yunjinhasaspecialprocess,operationdifficultyandtechnicalrequirements.Nanjingyunjinisacraft(手工艺)____40____(date)backto417AD.In2006,Nanjingyunjinweavingmachinesandskillswereputonthelistofthefirststate-levelculturalheritage(遗产)withthe____41____(approve)oftheChinesegovernment.In2009,itwasselectedandadded____42____theUNESCOlist.YunjinwasusedasanothercallingcardforNanjingatthe2014SummerYouthOlympicGames,____43____alltheitemsusedweremadeofNanjingsilkbrocade.____44____(survive)dynastiesandwars,Nanjingyunjinprovesitsgreatvitality.Weholdthebelief_____45_____itwillbepasseddownfromgenerationtogenerationandpresentedinamodernizedwaytothepeopleathomeandabroad.第五部分假定你是校学生会主席李华。你校拟邀请环保专家Smith先生在“世界环境日”那天做讲座，请你给他写封邀请信。内容包括：1.时间、地点；2.讲座内容。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearMr.Smith,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Duringmyfirstyearasamiddleschoolmathteacher,Idesignedandtriedaclassroommoneysystemtomotivateandengagemystudents.Eachday,studentswhocametoclasswellpreparedearnedasalaryof25“royal”dollars.Fromthesalaryearned,thestudentspaidmonthlyrentontheirchairsandtaxesontheirclassroommaterials.Mygoalsfortheprogramweretohelpstudentslearntheimportanceoffinancialmanagementwhilepromotingpositiveclassroombehavior.Igavestudentsdailyopportunitiestoearnadditionalsalarysuchas10dollarsforcatchingmyerrors,50dollarsforgoodmathematicalarguments,and100dollarsforoutdoinganassessment.Studentsputanymoneytheyearnedinourclassbank.Asthebanker,Imaintainedtheaccountsandinformedstudentsofdangerouslylowbalances.Afterall,studentsknewwhathappenedwhentheydidn’thavethemoneytopayrent,andnonewantedtolosehisorherchair.Afterthestudentspaidtheirrent,taxesandanyfines,theycouldspendtheirremainingmoneyonclassauction(拍卖)itemslikesnacksandschoolsupplies.Mysystemworkedbeautifullyandthestudentswerefullyengaged.Theysoonrealizedthatuseofinappropriatelanguageorcominglatetoclasswasnotfinanciallybeneficial.ThreeweeksintoschoolMayrametmeatthedoorwithaquestion.“Howmuchwoulditcosttobuymychair?”“Buyyourchair?”“Well,ifIcouldbuymychair,Iwon’thavetopayyourenteachmonth.ThenI’llhavemoremoneytospendattheauction.”“Ifyouprefertosaveyourmoneyandpurchaseyourchair,youcanbuyitfor600dollars.”“SoifIsitonthefloorfortwentymoredays,I’llhaveenoughmoneytobuymychair?”“Absolutely!”Sheandseveralofhertablematesbegantogathertheirmaterialsandreturnedtothefloorofourclassroom.Ithoughttomyself,“Thiswon’tlastlong.”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Icertainlyunderestimatedtheresolveofmystudents._______________________________________________________________________________Twoweekslater,Mayraarrivedatmydoorannouncing,“Today,Icanbuymychair!”_______________________________________________________________________________##########################################阅读理解【答案】1-3BCD【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四本书的故事梗概。1.细节理解题。由Dream-Child中的“Perhapsbestrememberedastheco-author,withhissister,Mary,ofTalesfromShakespeare,Lambcaredforhissister,whowasinpoorhealth.（兰姆和他的妹妹玛丽也许作为《莎士比亚故事集》的合著者最值得纪念，他照顾他身体差的妹妹。）”可知，玛丽是《莎士比亚故事集》的合著者，说明她对《莎士比亚故事集》有贡献。故选B。2.细节理解题。由RunandHide中的“Writtenclearly,thenovelgivesthereadersaninsightintotheideasoffreedom.（这部小说写得很清楚，使读者深入了解了自由的思想。）”可知，RunandHide能帮助读者更好地理解自由。故选C。3.细节理解题。由MyFourthTime,WeDrowned中的“In2018,Hayden,anIrishjournalist,receivedaFacebookmessagefromamankeptinarefugee(难民)camp,whichaffordedherawindowintothehorrorsfacedbyAfricanrefugees.Throughinterviewswithpeopleinvolved,HaydenlearnstheyareabusedandsoldasgoodswithoutmercyandhowWesterninstitutionsliketheEuropeanUnionturnablindeye.（2018年，爱尔兰记者海登从一名被关在难民营的男子那里收到了一条Facebook消息，这为她了解非洲难民面临的恐怖提供了一扇窗户。通过对相关人员的采访，海登了解到他们被毫不留情地虐待并被当作商品出售，欧盟等西方机构对此视而不见。）”和TheWhiteGirl中的“Thisnovel,setinaremoteAustraliantowninthenineteen-sixties,centersonanindigenous(土著的)woman,Odette,andhergranddaughter.AsOdetteattemptstoprotecthergranddaughter,shefindsinequalityinsociety.BirchillustrateshowAustralia’spoliciestreatedtheindigenouspeopleunfairly.（这部小说以二十世纪六十年代澳大利亚一个偏远小镇为背景，以一位土著妇女奥黛特和她的孙女为中心。当奥黛特试图保护她的孙女时，她发现社会上存在着不平等。伯奇举例说明了澳大利亚的政策是如何不公平地对待土著人民的。）”可知，MyFourthTime,WeDrowned和TheWhiteGirl的共同点在于它们都关注弱势群体。故选D。【答案】4.B5.B6.A7.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了塔斯马尼亚州是世界上第一个碳负排放的地区之一，该地区通过减少森林砍伐，使得二氧化碳排放量急剧下降，这一成就表明了森林在管理二氧化碳方面的重要作用。1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“Theislandwasalsohometoalargewolf-likeTasmaniantiger.Itlivedamongtheisland’sfamousgianttreeferns,butwashuntedbypeopleuntilthelastknownanimaldiedinazooin1936.（该岛也是大型的像狼一样的塔斯马尼亚虎的家园。它生活在岛上著名的巨型树蕨中，但一直被人们猎杀，直到1936年最后一只已知的动物死于动物园。）”可知，塔斯马尼亚虎因狩猎而灭绝。故选B。2.推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“ScientistssaythatTasmania’sachievementshowstheimportantroleofforestsinmanagingCO2.TheysaypreservingforestsaroundtheworldcouldhelpmanycountriestoabsorbmoreCO2.（科学家说，塔斯马尼亚的成就表明了森林在管理二氧化碳方面的重要作用。他们说，保护世界各地的森林可以帮助许多国家吸收更多的二氧化碳。）”可知，大量的森林有助于减少碳排放。故选B。3.推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“ThefactcametolightwhenateamfromAustralianNationalUniversity(ANU)lookedintotheCO2emissions(排放)ofeachAustralianstate.CO2isproducedbyactivitiessuchasburningcoal,oilandgasforpower,butisalsoreleasedwhenforestsarecutdown—especiallyifthewoodisusedtomakepaperandsimilarproducts.（当澳大利亚国立大学〔ANU〕的一个研究小组调查澳大利亚各州的二氧化碳排放量时，这一事实才浮出水面。二氧化碳是通过燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气发电等活动产生的，但当森林被砍伐时，二氧化碳也会释放出来，尤其是当木材被用于制造纸张和类似产品时。）”可知，本段主要表达出许多二氧化碳排放源于人类活动。故选A。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“‘Weneedtostorealotmorecarbonintheenvironment,’explainedProfessorDavidLindemayerofANU,addingthat‘themosteffectiveplacetodothatisinforests.’（“我们需要在环境中储存更多的碳，”澳大利亚国立大学的大卫·林德迈尔教授解释道，并补充道“最有效的地方是森林。”）”可知，因为森林是最有效的储存碳的地方，所以大卫·林德迈尔在最后一段可能表达了保护森林最有助于应对气候变化。故选D。【答案】8.A9.C10.C11.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，解释了为什么我们最终会在视频通话中对同事提高嗓门——因为人们在视频通话中看不到对方的手势，所以随着视频质量的下降，我们会更大声地说话。1.细节理解题。由第二段“Nowscientistshaverevealedwhywetendtoendupraisingourvoicesatourworkmates:asvideoqualityfalls,wespeaklouderandvaryourgestures(手势)inanattempttomakeup.（现在，科学家们已经揭示了为什么我们最终会对同事提高嗓门：随着视频质量的下降，我们会大声说话，并改变手势以试图弥补。）”可知，我们会在视频通话中提高声音，是因为视频质量差。故选A。2.细节理解题。由第三段中的“Thegestureswemakewhiletalking,aswellasothervisualsignals,aretrulyimportantandintegratedaspectsofhowwecommunicate（我们在说话时所做的手势以及其他视觉信号，是我们沟通方式中真正重要和综合的方面。）”可知，综合因素有助于有效沟通。故选C。3.词义猜测题。由第二段中的“asvideoqualityfalls,wespeaklouderandvaryourgestures(手势)inanattempttomakeup（随着视频质量的下降，我们会大声说话，并改变手势以试图弥补）”和第五段中的“However,whengestureswereused,volumeincreasedbyuptofivedecibels(分贝)asvideoqualitydeteriorated,andthenremainedatthishigherlevelasvideoqualitydecreasedfurther—inotherwords,whengesturesceasedtobeusefulatall.（然而，当使用手势时，音量会随着视频质量的deteriorated而增加多达5分贝，然后随着视频质量的进一步下降〔换句话说，当手势不再有用时〕，音量会保持在这一更高的水平）”可知，研究表明随着视频质量的下降，我们会大声说话，并使用手势，再结合“随着视频质量的进一步下降〔换句话说，当手势不再有用时〕，音量会保持在这一更高的水平”，此处指音量会随着视频质量的恶化而增加多达5分贝，deteriorated在此处意为“变得更糟（Becameworse）”。故选C。4.标题归纳题。由第二段“Nowscientistshaverevealedwhywetendtoendupraisingourvoicesatourworkmates:asvideoqualityfalls,wespeaklouderandvaryourgestures(手势)inanattempttomakeup.（现在，科学家们已经揭示了为什么我们最终会对同事提高嗓门：随着视频质量的下降，我们会大声说话，并改变手势以试图弥补）”和最后一段“‘Theyknowthatthegesturesbeingproducearevitaltotheircommunication,buttheirpartnerisgoingtohaveahardertimeseeingthem.Sotheyincreasethestrengthoftheothersignal—speech.’hesaid.（“他们知道所做的手势对他们的交流至关重要，但他们的同伴很难看到这些手势。因此，他们增加了另一种信号的强度——语言。”他说。）”可知，本文讲述了，因为人们在视频通话中看不到对方的手势，所以随着视频质量的下降，我们会更大声地说话，D项“大声点，我们看不到你”符合文意。故选D。【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.C【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，学校教师苏珊，虽自己身有困难，但仍然帮助他人，最终也获得他人帮助的故事。1.细节理解题。由第一段中的“Shehelpedafriendraisefundsforadoption,madequilts(被子),soldthem,andgavethemoneytoherworkmatewholostherhusband.Sheevenhelpedsomeonerebuildthekitchen.（她帮助一位朋友筹集领养资金，制作被子，卖掉被子，然后把钱交给失去丈夫的同事。她甚至帮助别人重建了厨房。）”可知，苏珊以各种形式乐于助人，所以苏珊周围的人能从她那里得到慷慨的援助。故选C。2.细节理解题。由第二段“Onemightthinkthatsheistoobusydoingthingsforothersanddoesnothaveanyconcerns.Sadly,herhusbandisbatingcancerforthethirdtimenow.Hersmallsalaryisnotenoughtocoveralloftheirexpenses.（有人可能会认为她太忙于为别人做事，没有任何顾虑。可悲的是，她的丈夫正在进行癌症的第三次治疗。她微薄的工资不足以支付他们所有的费用。）”可知，乐于助人的学校教师苏珊生活中也有困境，她要挣扎的是如何用她微薄的薪水度过日常生活。故选D。3.观点态度题。由第四段中的“She,aswellasherstudents,wasobviouslyastonished.（她和她的学生显然都感到惊讶。）”和第五段中的“Susanappreciatedthegiftsalot.（苏珊非常感激这些礼物。）”可知，对于送给自己的礼物，苏珊感到惊讶和感激。故选A。4.推理判断题。由第一段中的“Shehelpedafriendraisefundsforadoption,madequilts(被子),soldthem,andgavethemoneytoherworkmatewholostherhusband.Sheevenhelpedsomeonerebuildthekitchen.（她帮助一位朋友筹集领养资金，制作被子，卖掉被子，然后把钱交给失去丈夫的同事。她甚至帮助别人重建了厨房。）”，第五段中的“Susanappreciatedthegiftsalot.（苏珊非常感激这些礼物。）”和最后一段中的“Indeedhelpingandlovingpeopleisnotinvain.（的确，帮助和爱人们并不是徒劳的。）”可知，文章讲述了学校教师苏珊，虽自己身有困难，但仍然帮助他人，最终也获得他人帮助的故事，苏珊的故事表明帮助和爱人们并不是徒劳的，暗示着“善有善报（Onegoodturndeservesanother）”。故选C。七选五【答案】16.E17.F18.B19.G20.C【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过汤姆坚持好习惯失败的事情告诉我们承诺的重要性。1.根据上文“Tomtoldhimselfthat2022wasgoingtobetheyearwhenhefinallygothislifetogether.SoonNewYear’sEveof2021,hewroteoutallofhisNewYear’sresolutions.AsTomwaswritingthemdown,hegotreallyexcitedandevenbecameproudofhimself,justforthinkingofdoingallthesethings.（汤姆告诉自己，2022年将是他最终重新振作起来的一年。所以在2021年的新年前夜，他写下了所有的新年愿望。当汤姆把它们写下来的时候，他变得非常兴奋，甚至为自己感到骄傲，仅仅因为想到要做所有这些事情。）”以及后文“Hetookfulladvantageofhistimetoworkout.（他充分利用时间去健身。）”可知，上文提到了汤姆写下新年愿望，说明在新年开始的时候汤姆就强势开始执行这些事情，故E项“随着新年的到来，汤姆一开始就很强势”符合语境，故选E。2.根据后文“‘You’renotgoingtoworkoutwhenyouaretired,’Tomtoldhimself.Hedidn’treallyfeellikeeatingsalad.Whathefeltlikeeatingwasabig,juicyburger.AndagainTomtoldhimselfthat‘I’vebeenworkingreallyhardoverthepastfewweeks.Ideserveadayoff.’（汤姆对自己说：“当你累的时候，你是不会去锻炼的。”他真的不想吃沙拉。他想吃的是一个又大又多汁的汉堡。汤姆又一次对自己说：“过去几周我一直很努力工作。我应该休息一天。”）”可知，后文提到汤姆因为累而不去锻炼了，故F项“然而，有一天下班后，他真的不想去健身房”符合语境，故选F。3.根据上文“Overthenextfewweeks,Tom’sgoodhabitsstartedtoslowdown.Hestartedtosleepinalittlebit.Hewouldskipagymsessionoccasionally,andthenalmostallofTom’sgoodhabitsweregone.（在接下来的几个星期里，汤姆的好习惯开始变慢了。他开始睡过头了。他偶尔会不去健身房，然后汤姆所有的好习惯几乎都消失了。）”可知，上文提到汤姆的所有好习惯都消失了，即在他开始的地方结束。故B项“基本上，他是在他开始的地方结束的”符合语境，故选B。4.根据上文“Personally,IcantotallyrelatewithTom,andsomeofyouprobablycantoo.WhydidTomandmostpeoplenotstickwiththeirgoodnewhabit?（就我个人而言，我完全可以理解汤姆，你们中的一些人可能也可以。为什么汤姆和大多数人没有坚持他们的好习惯？）”以及后文“Youmightaskyourself,‘Well,howcanIreallyacquireit?’（你可能会问自己：“好吧，我怎样才能真正获得它？”）”可知，本句是在回答上文关于没有坚持好习惯的问题：主要原因是他们不具备一种叫做承诺的东西。所以G项“主要原因是他们不具备一种叫做承诺的东西”符合语境，故选G。5.根据上文“Creatinggreathabitsiskindofbuildingahouse.Yourhabitsarelikebricks.（养成良好的习惯就像建造一座房子。你的习惯就像砖头。）”以及后文“Withoutit,thathousewilldefinitelycollapseandyouwillprobablyendupexactlywhereyouleftoff.Thatisexactlywhatsetssuccessfulpeopleapartfromunsuccessfulpeople.（没有它，房子肯定会倒塌，