2022年考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号62

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.问答题

Thecostsofwatchingthefilmisthatittakesup120minutesofyourtime-timewhichcould

A

B

C

bespentinbedasleep.Thebenefitistheenjoymentgainedfromeachextraminuteviewed.

D

【答案】试题答案：A;cost

【解析】考查主谓一致。谓语动词is用的是单数形式，故主语也需要用单数形式。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

不列颠的超市业主们很少如此心怀忐忑地期待着圣诞节的销售业绩。在2014年，大部分超市，特别是乐购(TESCO)这个市场领头羊，过得很艰难。超低折扣商铺，持续挖它们的墙角，侵吞他们的市场份额，而下降的食物价格也使得超市的利润率降低。临近圣诞节和新年的几周通常是超市的旺盛销售时期，它们在此期间能否喘一口气？

涂鸦画可能最终会消失。但是直至现在，这种爱好仍然受到人们的尊敬。一位涂鸦画家说，他有很多朋友曾经痴迷于在火车车皮厢上作画。现在有了妻儿，他们只有周末去废弃的仓库墙上大展身手。这己经成了周日下午的惯例——一种比坐在电视机前看足球略微健康的消遣。

【答案】RarelyhavetheChristmasresultsforBritain'ssupermarketsbeenawaitedwithsuchtrepidation.Mostofthem,especiallythemarketleader,TESCO,struggledin2014.Thehard-discountstorescontinuedtoundercutthem,gobblingupmarketshare,whilefallingfoodpricesateintotheirprofits.WouldtheseveralweeksleadinguptoChristmasandNewYear'sDay,generallythestrongestsalesperiod,bringthemsomerelief?

Graffitimayeventuallydisappear.Butuntilnowthishobbyisstillrespectedbypeople.Onegraffitiartistsaysthathehasalotoffriendswhowereonceobsessedwithpaintingonthesurfaceoftraincompartment.Nowwithwivesandchildren,theyonlyhavetimeattheweekendtopaintonthewallsofabandonedwarehouses.IthasbecomesomethingtodoonaSundayafternoon—aslightlyhealthieralternativetosittingwatchingthefootball.

3.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese

Itisnotdifficulttoimagineaworldshortofambition.Itwouldprobablybeakinderworld:withoutdemands,withoutabrasions,withoutdisappointments.Peoplewouldhavetimeforreflection.Suchworkastheydidwouldnotbeforthemselvesbutforthecollectivity.Competitionwouldneverenterin,conflictwouldbeeliminated,tensionbecomeathingofthepast.Thestressofcreationwouldbeatanend.Artwouldnolongerbetroubling,butpurelycelebratoryinitsfunctions.Longevitywouldbeincreased,forfewerpeoplewoulddieofheartattackorstrokecausedbytumultuousendeavor.Anxietywouldbeextinct.Timewouldstretchonandon,withambitionlongdepartedfromthehumanheart.

Thereisastrongviewthatholdsthatsuccessisamyth,andambitionthereforeasham.Doesthismeanthatsuccessdoesnotreallyexist?Thatachievementisatbottomempty?Thattheeffortsofmenandwomenareofnosignificancealongsidetheforceofmovementsandevents?

Thatnotallsuccess,obviously,isworthesteeming,norallambitionworthcultivating?

【答案】一个缺少抱负的世界会是什么样的，这不难想象。它可能会是一个更友好的世界：没有欲望，没有摩擦，没有失望。人们将有时间进行反思。他们所做的工作并不是为了他们自己，而是为了集体。竞争将永远不会出现，冲突将会消除，紧张局面将成往事。产生的压力将会结束。艺术将不再煞费苦心，它的作用纯粹是为了庆祝。人的寿命将会更长，因为由激烈拼争引起的心脏病和中风所导致的死亡将减少。焦虑将会消失。时光飞逝，而抱负早已远离人心。

有一种流行的观点认为，成功是一种神话，因此抱负是虚无缥缈的。这是否意味着成功并不真实存在？成就最终都是徒劳的？男性与女性的努力，以及政治运动与重大历史事件的力量，都是毫无意义的吗？

显然，并不是所有的成功都值得敬仰，也不是所有的抱负都值得追求？

4.问答题

Amongtheprincipalchallengestosustainedgrowthofinternationaleconomicrelationsisthe

A

risenprotectionism,especiallyinnewandvirulentformsthatthreatenthealwaysfragilegrowth

B

C

D

oftradebetweencountriesatalllevelsofdevelopment.

【答案】试题答案：B;rising

【解析】考查形容词辨析。risen意为“升起的”，rising意为“上升的”，此处表示指上升的保护主义。

5.单选题

Nowonderthatman’sgreatdreamhasbeensomedaytocontroltheweather.Thefirststep

A

B

towardcontrolis,ofcourse,knowledge,andscientistshavebeenhardatworkforyearstrying

C

tokeeptrackfortheweather.

D

问题1选项

A.Nowonder

B.man’s

C.hardatwork

D.keeptrackfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。keeptrackof意为“了解，记录，保持联系”。

试题答案：D;keeptrackof

6.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish

人皆生而为新，为前所未有之所存在：人皆生而能赢。人皆有其特立独行之方式去审视，聆听，触摸，品味及思考，因而都具备独特潜质，能力和局限。人皆能举足轻重，富有创意，成就功业。

“成者”与“败者”含义颇多。谈及成者我们并非指的是使他人失败的人。对我们而言，成者必为人守信，值得信赖，有求必应，态度诚恳，或为个人，或为社会一员皆能以真诚回应他人。

成者敢于利用所学，独立思考，区分事实与观点，且并不佯装通晓所有答案，他们倾听，权衡他人意见，但能得出自己的结论。尽管他们尊重，敬佩他们，但并不为他们所局限，所束缚，也不对他人敬若神灵。

【答案】Eachhumanbeingisbornassomethingnew,somethingthatneverexistedbefore.Eachisbornwiththecapacitytowinatlife.Eachpersonhasauniquewayofseeing,hearing,touching,tastingandthinking.Eachhashisorherownuniquepotentials,capabilitiesandlimitations.Eachcanbeasignificantandcreativebeing,aswellasbeawinner.

Theword“winner”and“loser”havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedonotmeanonewhomakessomeoneelselose.Tous,awinnerisonewhorespondsauthenticallybybeingcredible,trustworthy,responsive,andgenuine,bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety.

Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefactsfromopinionsanddon’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers;evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadmireandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawedbythem.

7.问答题

Theambitiousindividual,farfrom(A)identifyinghimselfandhisfortunestothegroup,wishesto(B)riseaboveit.Theambitiousmanorwoman(C)seestheworldasabattle;rivalrousnessishisorherprincipalemotion:theworldhaslimitedprizestooffer,

andheorshe(D)isdeterminedtogethisorhers.

【答案】

A；改成identifyinghimselfandhisfortuneswith。identifywith认为…等同于，与…一致。

8.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingfromEnglishintoChinese.

Wecantakethemysterious,hazyfutureandcarveoutofitanythingthatwecanimagine,

justasasculptorcarvesastatuefromashapelessstone.Weareallinthepositionofthefarmer.Ifweplantagoodseed,wereapagoodharvest.Ifourseedispoorandfullofweeds,wereapauselesscrop.Ifweplantnothingatall,weharvestnothingatall.

Iwantthefuturetobebetterthanthepast.Idon’twantitcontaminatedbythemistakesanderrorswithwhichhistoryisfilled.Weshouldallbeconcernedaboutthefuturebecausethatiswherewewillspendtheremainderofourlives.

Thepastisgoneandstatic.Nothingwecandowillchangeit.Thefutureisbeforeusanddynamic.Everythingwedowillaffectit.Eachdaybringswithitnewfrontiers,inourhomesandinourbusinesses,ifwewillonlyrecognizethem.Wearejustatthebeginningoftheprogressineveryfieldofhumanendeavor.

【答案】我们可以把神秘的、不可知的未来塑造成我们所能想象到的任何东西，就像雕刻家将不成形的石头上雕刻成雕像一样。我们都站在农民的立场。如果我们播下好的种子，我们就会收获好收成。如果我们的种子贫瘠，杂草丛生，我们就会收获无用的庄稼。如果我们什么都不种，我们就什么也收获不了。

我希望未来比过去更美好。我不希望它会被那些充斥在过去中的错误与过失所污染。我们都应该关心未来，因为我们将在未来度过余生。

往昔已逝，静如止水。我们所能做的一切都改变不了它。未来就在我们面前，充满活力。我们所做的每一件都将会影响它。只要我们认识到这些，在我们的家中和在企业中，每一天都会带来新的领域。在人类努力开拓的每一片领域上，我们正处于进步的开端。

9.单选题

Inlargepartasaconsequenceofthefeministmovement,historianshavefocusedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsondeterminingmoreaccuratelythestatusofwomeninvariousperiods.Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiod,premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.Thus,itisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallenged.AnexampleisJohannBachofen’s1861treatiseonAmazonswomen-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.

Startingfromthepremisethatmythologyandlegendpreserveatleastanucleusofhistoricalfact,Bachofenarguedthatwomenweredominantinmanyancientsocieties.HisworkwasbasedonacomprehensivesurveyofreferencesintheancientsourcestoAmazonianandothersocietieswithmatrilinealcustoms——societiesinwhichdescentandpropertyrightsaretracedthroughthefemaleline.SomesupportforhistheorycanbefoundinevidencesuchasthatdrawnfromHerodotus,theGreek“historian”ofthefifthcenturyB.C.，whospeaksofanAmazoniansociety,theSauromatae,wherethewomenhuntedandfoughtinwars.Awomaninthissocietywasnotallowedtomarryuntilshehadkilledapersoninbattle.

Nonetheless,thisassumptionthatthefirstrecordersofancientmythshavepreservedfactsisproblematic.IfonebeginsbyexaminingwhyancientsrefertoAmazons,itbecomesclearthatancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfacts—realAmazoniansocieties—butrathertooffer“morallessons”onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen’sruleintheirownsociety.TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.Theircustomswerepresentednotasthoseofarespectablesociety,butastheveryantithesesofordinaryGreekpractices.

Thus,Iwouldargue,thepurposeofaccountsoftheAmazonsfortheirmaleGreekrecorderswasdidactic,toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatall-femalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.MythsabouttheAmazonswereusedasargumentsforthemale-dominatedstatusquo,inwhichgroupscomposedexclusivelyofeithersexwerenotpermittedtosegregatethemselvespermanentlyfromsociety.Bachofenwasthusmisledinhisrelianceonmythsforinformationaboutthestatusofwomen.Thesourcesthatwillprobablytellcontemporaryhistoriansmostaboutwomenintheancientworldaresuchsocialdocumentsasgravestones,wills,andmarriagecontracts.Studiesofsuchdocumentshavealreadybeguntoshowhowmistakenwearewhenwetrytoderiveourpictureoftheancientworldexclusivelyfromliterarysources,especiallymyths.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.AllofthefollowingarestatedbytheauthorasproblemsconnectedwiththesourcesforknowledgeofpremodernculturesEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingispresentedinthepassageasevidencesupportingtheauthor’sviewoftheancientGreeks’descriptionsoftheAmazons?

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprobablereactionsofmanymalesinancientGreecetotheideaofasocietyruledbywomencouldbestbecharacterizedas（）.

5.TheauthorsuggeststhatthemainreasonforthepersistinginfluenceofBachofen’sworkisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.comparecompetingnewapproachestounderstandingtheroleofwomeninancientsocieties

B.investigatetheramifications（影响，后果）ofBachofen’stheoryaboutthedominanceofwomeninancientsocieties

C.explaintherapidlyincreasedinterestamonghistoriansindeterminingtheactualstatusofwomeninvarioussocieties

D.criticizethevalueofancientmythsindeterminingthestatusofwomeninancientsocieties

问题2选项

A.partialcompleteness

B.restrictedaccessibility

C.difficultyofinterpretation

D.limitedquantity

问题3选项

A.TherequirementthatSauromataewomenkillinbattlebeforemarrying.

B.Thefailureofhistorianstoverifythatwomenwereevergovernorsofancientsocieties.

C.TheclassingofAmazonswithgiantsandcentaurs.

D.Thewell-establishedunreliabilityofHerodotusasasourceofinformationaboutancientsocieties.

问题4选项

A.confusedanddismayed

B.waryandhostile

C.cynicalanddisinterested

D.curiousbutfearful

问题5选项

A.feministshaveshownlittleinterestinancientsocieties

B.Bachofen’sknowledgeofAmazoniancultureisunparalleled

C.reliableinformationabouttheancientworldisdifficulttoacquire

D.ancientsocietiesshowthebestevidenceofwomeninpositionsofpower

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段主要提到了由于前现代文化的许多可靠的资料难以获得，所以巴霍芬关于亚马逊女性统治社会的论文具有长期的参考性和影响力。第二段接着介绍了巴霍芬论文的核心，主要是介绍了亚马逊女性统治社会的特点。第三段中作者展开讨论，认为有关于古代社会的这些最初记录的资料或论文存在一些不合理性。最后一段提及了古希腊的男性记录亚马逊的女性统治社会的原因是具有教诲性的，并且提出单靠一些古代的文学资源或者资料，尤其是古代的神话，来获得我们对古代社会的印象会具有一定的误导性。可判断出作者写这篇文章的主要目的是批判了古代神话在研究并确定古代社会妇女地位问题中的价值。

2.事实细节题。由题干关键词“premoderncultures”定位到文章第一段“Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiod,premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.”，可知尽管现代时期已经取得了很多成就，但前现代文化被证明面临着更多困难：来源在数量上受到限制；不完整性；难以理解并且经常存在争议。可判断出作者陈述的关于前现代文化的知识来源的问题，包括资源来源的不完整性（partialcompleteness）、难以解读性（difficultyofinterpretation）以及数量受限（limitedquantity），所以不包括restrictedaccessibility，故选项B符合题意。

3.判断推理题。由题干关键词“theancientGreeks’descriptionsoftheAmazons”定位到文章第三段“...ancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfacts—realAmazoniansocieties—butrathertooffer“morallessons”onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen’sruleintheirownsociety.TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.”可知作者认为古希腊对这种社会的描述，并不是要过多地去表现观察到的历史事实——真正的亚马逊社会——而是要就妇女在其社会中的统治地位的预期后果提供一种道德教训。例如，亚马逊人经常被描述为等同于巨人族和人马族，他们都是被希腊英雄杀死的敌人。而根据文章第三段第一句“Nonetheless,thisassumptionthatthefirstrecordersofancientmythshavepreservedfactsisproblematic.”可判断作者对于古希腊人对亚马逊人的描述持有不赞同的态度，认为其存在问题。所以下文利用亚马逊人都是人马族和半马族的这种描述，表达其不合理性，与作者观点相符，故选项C符合题意。

4.判断推理题。由题干关键词“probablereactionsofmanymalesinancientGreece”定位到文章第四段“…thepurposeofaccountsoftheAmazonsfortheirmaleGreekrecorderswasdidactic,toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatall-femalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.”可知，对于古希腊的男性来说，记录亚马逊人的目的是教诲性的，是为了告诉所有的希腊人：从传统社会分离出去而形成的女性统治社会或团体都是危险的，具有毁灭性。可判断出古希腊的男性对于女性统治社会可能会有反应是持有谨慎态度的，并且会有抵触敌对心理。选项B符合题意。

5.判断推理题。由题干关键词“Bachofen’swork”定位到文章第一段“…premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.Thus,itisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallenged.AnexampleisJohannBachofen’s1861treatiseonAmazonswomen-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.”可知前现代文化存在许多问题和困难，如资料数量有限、残缺不完整、难以理解等问题，这使得人们很难得到关于这些文化的信息或资料，所以一些早期的学术研究和著作在现今都未受到挑战，具有长期性的影响力，Bachofen的论文和著作就是其中的典例之一。可判断出作者认为Bachofen的论文能够长期具有影响力的原因是人们现今很难获得关于古代社会的可靠信息或资料。选项C符合题意。

10.问答题

CharlesDarwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”iscreditedwithsparkingevolution’srevolution

A

inscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstood

B

theidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreat,accordingtotheArnold

C

D

Arboretum’snewdirector.

【答案】试题答案：B;understanding

【解析】考查现在分词。understood一般用于beunderstoodas（被理解为），understanding意为“理解的”。

11.单选题

CharlesDarwin's“OntheOriginofSpecies"iscreditedwithsparkingevolution'srevolutioninscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreataccordingtotheArnoldArboretum’snewdirector.

WilliamFriedman,theArnoldProfessorofOrganismicandEvolutionaryBiologywhotookoverasArboretumdirectorJan.1,hasstudiedDarwin’swritingsaswellasthoseofhispredecessorsandcontemporaries.WhileDarwiniswidelycreditedasthefatherofevolution,Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch"thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtocalmdownthosewhodemandedcreditfortheirown,earlierideas.

Thehistoricalsketchgrewwitheachsubsequentprinting,FriedmantoldanaudienceonJan.10,until,bythe6thedition,34authorswerementionedinit.Scholarsnowbelievethatsomewherebetween50and60authorshadbeatenDarwinintheirwritingsaboutevolution.IncludedwasDarwin'sgrandfather,ErasmusDarwin,aphysicianwhoirritatedclergymenwithhisinsistencethatlifearosefromlowerforms,specificallymollusks.

Friedman'stalk,“ADarwinianLookatDarwin'sEvolutionistAncestors”tookplaceattheArboretum'sHunnewellBuildingandwasthefirstinanewDirector’sLectureSeries.

ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin'sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew,mostprominentlyAlfredWallace,whosewritingonthesubjectafteryearsinthefieldspurredDarwin'swritingof“OntheOriginofSpecies."Althoughthebookrunsmorethan400pages,FriedmansaiditwasneverthebookonevolutionandnaturalselectionthatDarwinintended.In1856,threeyearsbeforethebookwaspublished,hebeganworkonadetailedbookonnaturalselectionthatwouldn'tseepublicationuntil1975.

Theseminaleventincreating“OntheOriginofSpecies”occurredin1858,whenWallacewroteDarwindetailingWallace'sideasofevolutionbynaturalselection.ThearrivalofWallace'sideasspurredDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan"abstract"oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.

ThiswasaluckybreakforDarwin,becauseitforcedhimtowritehisideasinplainlanguage,whichledtoabookthatwasnotonlyrevolutionary,despitethosewho'dtreadsimilargroundbefore,butthatwasalsoveryreadable.

ThoughothersthoughtaboutevolutionbeforeDarwin,scientificdiscoveryrequiresmorethanjustanidea.Inadditiontotheconcept,discoveryrequirestheunderstandingofthesignificanceoftheidea,somethingsomeoftheearlierauthorsclearlydidnothave—suchasthearboristwhoburiedhisthoughtsonnaturalselectionintheappendixofabookonnavaltimber.Lastly,scientificdiscoverydemandstheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessofanidea.Darwin,through“OntheOriginofSpecies"wastheonlythinkerofthetimewhohadallthreeofthosetraits,Friedmansaid.

“Darwinhadtheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea,"Friedmansaid,addingthatevenWallace,whoseclaimtonewthinkingonevolutionandnaturalselectionwasstrongerthanalltheothers,paidhomagetoDarwinbytitlinghis1889bookonthesubject,“Darwinism."

1.AccordingtoWilliamFriedman,Darwin's"OntheOriginofSpecies"isgreatinthat（

）.

2.FriedmanbelievesthatDarwinattacheda“historicalsketch”tolaterprintingsofhisbookinanattemptto

（

）.

3.InFriedman'sview,Darwin'soriginalityliesin

（

）.

4.WehavelearnedthatatfirstDarwinintendedtowritehisideasin

（

）.

5.Scientificdiscoveryrequiresallthefollowingexcept（

）.

问题1选项

A.itwasthemoststudiedbylaterscientists

B.ithadsignificantideasaboutevolution

C.itwasthefirsttotalkaboutevolution

D.itwaswellreceivedbythepublic

问题2选项

A.credittheideasaboutevolutionbeforehis

B.claimhimselfasthefatherofevolution

C.introducehisgrandfathertothereader

D.summarizehispredecessors'work

问题3选项

A.histhinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolution

B.hissharingideasaboutevolutionwithhiscontemporaries

C.thewayhewrote“OntheOriginsofSpecies”

D.thewayhelecturedontheideasofevolution

问题4选项

A.amuchlargerbook

B.a400book

C.scientificterm

D.plainlanguage

问题5选项

A.comingupwithanewidea

B.understandingthesignificanceoftheidea

C.makingclaimstotheideabywritingbooks

D.convincingothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段最后一句提到“Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreataccordingtotheArnoldArboretum’snewdirector.”阿诺德植物园的新主管（WilliamFriedman）认为，使达尔文变得伟大的是他让公众理解进化论这个想法并接受它。因此D选项“它（《物种起源》）深受公众的欢迎”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。文章第二段提到“Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch"thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtocalmdownthosewhodemandedcreditfortheirown,earlierideas.”Friedman声称，达尔文将该‘历史简述’附加到自己杰作的后来版本上的目的是为了平息那些为自身更早想法要求荣誉的人。因此A选项“赞颂那些先于自己有关进化论的观点”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第五段提到“ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin'sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew.”虽然其他人在达尔文之前就已经清楚地思考过进化论，但他并非没有独创性。弗里德曼说，达尔文关于自然选择作为进化机制的思想很少有人赞同。因此A选项“他认为自然择是进化机制”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章第六段提到“ThearrivalofWallace'sideasspurredDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan"abstract"oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.”Wallace的思想的出现促使达尔文写“《物种起源》”，作为他在篇幅更大的著作中煞费苦心安排的那些观点的一个“摘要”。注意题干中的“atfirst（起初）”，因此选A。

5.细节事实题。文章倒数第二段大意为：虽然其他人在达尔文之前思考过进化论，但科学发现不仅仅需要一个想法。除了概念之外，发现需要理解这个想法的意义，一些早期的作者显然没有——比如柏树学家，他把他关于自然选择的想法埋在一本关于海军木材的书的附录中。最后，科学发现需要有能力让别人相信一个想法是正确的。弗里德曼说，通过“《物种起源》”，达尔文是那个时代唯一拥有这三种特征的思想家。因此选C。

12.问答题

Wearewithoutchoicesinmanyaspects,butwedochoosehowweshalllive;

(A)courageouslyorincowardice,(B)honorablyorinhonorably,withpurposeorindrift.Wedecide(C)whatisimportantandwhatistrivialinlife.Andaswedecideandchoose(D)soareourlivesformed.Intheend,formingourowndestinyiswhatambitionisabout.

【答案】B；改成honorablyordishonorably。dishonorably灰溜溜的。

13.问答题

Therehasbeeninverserelationshipbetweenhouseholdnetworthandthepersonalsavingrate,

A

consistentwiththepermanentincomehypothesis,underwhichhouseholdexpendituresrespond

B

principallytochangesinlong-termwealthratherthanshort-termfluctuationsinincome.

C

D

【答案】试题答案：D;of

【解析】考查介词搭配。此处表示的是收入的短期波动，属于从属关系，用介词of。

14.填空题

InMicrosoft'slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecentlygaveawayexpensivelaptopsloaded（1）itsnewWindowsVistaoperatingsystem.Butthegiftsgeneratedcontroversyaswellasgood（2）

,withsomebloggersaccusingMicrosoftofbriberyandtheirpeers（3

）

unethicalbehavior.

SeveralbloggersreportedlastweekthattheyhadreceivedAcerFerrarilaptops,whichcansell（4）

morethan$2,200,fromMicrosoft.

AspokeswomanforMicrosoftconfirmedFridaythatthe（5）

hadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers

（6）

wroteabouttechnologyandothersubjectsthatcouldbe（7）

bythenewoperatingsystem,likephotographyand,oddly,parenting.

ButwhilethoseonMicrosoft'smailinglistinitiallygreetedthemachineswithenthusiasm,many（8）

bloggerssoonobjected-notbecausetheyhadbeenleftoffthelistbut,theysaid,becausebloggersareboundbythe（9）

rulesastraditionaljournalists,whoshouldnotaccept

（10）giftsfromcompaniestheycover.

【答案】1.考查介词搭配。根据空格前的loaded（装载）与空格后的operatingsystem（操作系统）可知此处用介词with构成固定搭配loadwith（装载某物）。

试题答案：with

2.考查上下文语义。as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，意为“也，还”，根据空格前的generatedcontroversy（引起争议）aswellas可知此处填goodwill（善意）。

试题答案：will

3.考查介词搭配。根据withsomebloggersaccusingMicrosoftofbribery可知此处填of与前面的ofbribery形成对应。

试题答案：of

4.考查介词搭配。sellfor表示“卖（多少钱）”。

试题答案：for

5.考查上下文语义。根据hadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers（已经向博客寄出了大约90台电脑）可推测主语为微软公司，用“thecompany”指代微软公司。

试题答案：company

6.考查关系代词。空格前的bloggers为先行词，表示人，且在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who引导。

试题答案：who

7.考查上下文语义。短文第一段提到“最近微软公司赠送昂贵的装载有自身新的WindowsVista操作系统的笔记本电脑”可推测“微软公司送装载有自身新的WindowsVista操作系统的笔记本电脑的目的是了解该新的操作系统所带来的影响”，再由空格前的be和空格后的by，可知动词被动形式，填affected。

试题答案：affected

8.考查不定代词。根据空格前ButwhilethoseonMicrosoft'smailinglistinitiallygreetedthemachines（不过当微软公司电脑寄送名单上那些人最初热心地欢迎这些电脑吋）和空格后many...bloggerssoonobjected（很多……博客使用者很快就反对这些电脑的赠送）可推测此处是其他人的态度。

试题答案：other

9.考查上下文语义。根据becausebloggersareboundbythe...rulesastraditionaljournalists（因为博客受到……规则的约束，如同传统的记者）可推测博客也像记者一样受到同样的规则制约，故填same。

试题答案：same

10.考查上下文语义。根据第四题可知每台电脑的价格以超过2200美元卖出，可推出此处表示“昂贵的礼物”，故填expensive。

试题答案：expensive

15.单选题

ThetraditionalAmericanThanksgivingdaycelebration（1）to1621.

（2）

thatyearaspecialfeastwaspreparedinPlymouth,Massachusetts.Thecolonistswho

（3）

therehadleftEnglandbecausetheyfelt

（4）ofreligiousfreedom.Theycametothe

（5）

andfaceddifficultiesin

（6）

theocean.Theshipwhich

（7）

themwascalledMayflower.TheNorthAtlanticwasdifficulttotravel.Therewerebadstorms.Theywere（8）

inlearningtoliveinthenewearthbytheIndianswho

（9）

theregion.Thepuritans,

（10）

theywerecalled,hadmuchtobethankful

（11）

.Theirreligiouspracticeswere

（12）

longerasourceofcriticismbythegovernment.Theylearnedto

（13）

theirfarminghabitstotheclimateandsoil.

（14）

theyselectedthefourthThursdayofNovemberfortheirThanksgiving

（15）

,theyinvitedtheir

（16）

,theIndians,tojointhemindinnerand

（17）

ofgratitudeforthenewlife.Theyrecalledthegroupof102men,womenandchildrenwholeft

（18）

.Theyrememberedtheir

（19）

whodidnotseetheshoreofMassachusetts.They

（20）

the65days’journeywhichhadtestedtheirstrength.

问题1选项

A.dates

B.starts

C.returns

D.goesback

问题2选项

A.In

B.At

C.During

D.For

问题3选项

A.didn’tsettle

B.weresettled

C.settle

D.oncesettled

问题4选项

A.refused

B.denied

C.rejected

D.declined

问题5选项

A.newcity

B.newstate

C.newland

D.newcountry

问题6选项

A.goingto

B.haulingto

C.comingacross

D.deportingbeyond

问题7选项

A.loaded

B.led

C.carried

D.packed

问题8选项

A.assisted

B.obliged

C.invited

D.permitted

问题9选项

A.resided

B.dwelt

C.inhabited

D.lived

问题10选项

A.since

B.like

C.for

D.as

问题11选项

A.for

B.to

C.of

D.at

问题12选项

A.no

B.not

C.much

D.any

问题13选项

A.form

B.develop

C.get

D.adjust

问题14选项

A.While

B.When

C.So

D.If

问题15选项

A.tradition

B.celebration

C.mark

D.anniversary

问题16选项

A.relatives

B.friends

C.neighbors

D.comrades

问题17选项

A.anhonor

B.asong

C.agift

D.aprayer

问题18选项

A.England

B.Holland

C.Britain

D.them

问题19选项

A.friends

B.dead

C.ances