2016年华南理工大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷

2016年华南理工大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷（总分：102.00，做题时间：90分钟）一、Vocabulary^总题数：30,分数：60.00）1.Ifyoukeepontryingsomething,thedaywillcomewhenyoucandoitwellandwithgreat.（分数：2.00）careB・easeVtempodignity解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。youcandoitwell意为“你会做好它”，withgreat与此并列，意义上应该与此接近。withgreatcare意为“小心翼翼地”。withgreatease意为“轻而易举地”，符合题意，故答案为［B］项。withgreattempo意为“以极大的速度”；withgreatdignity意为“威风凛凛”。如果填入care,tempo或dignity，与youcandoitwell的语义不符，故均排除。2.Shetofindnewstoriesaboutherhomeland,makingsureherAmerican-borndaughterdidnotgrowupignorantofChineseculture.（分数：2.00）droppedoutwentoutofherwayVgavewaygotdown解析：解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。dropout意为“离开,退出”。gooutofone'sway意为“不怕麻烦；特地”。giveway意为“撤退；让路；退让；垮掉”。getdown意为“沮丧；落下；吞下；写下”。本句意为：为了保证她在美国出生的女儿长大后不会对中国文化很生疏,她找寻有关祖国的新鲜事。明显，在这里主要强调的是主语为做某事而付出的努力，因此［B］项最为符合题意，为答案。3.Inthepast,awoman'sworldusuallyhouseholdworkandwaitingforherchildrenandhusbandtocomehome.（分数：2.00）madeupcomposedofwascomprisedofconsistedofV解析：解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。makeup意为“组成，构成”，用部分作主语，表示“部分构成整体"，用于主动语态。如果用整体作主语，必须用被动结构bemadeupof，这时可以和consistof互换。compose作“构成”讲时是及物动词，而且常用被动语态becomposedof□值得注意的是，comprise作“构成”讲时多用于主动语态。consist是不及物动词，必须和介词连用构成consistof（由组成，由构成）。句意：在过去，女人的世界通常是由家庭工作和等待她的孩子和丈夫回家构成的。只有［D］项符合语义及语法要求，故为答案。Domestictouristsnowmakeupmorethan90percentofthecountry'stotalandtwo-thirdsofitstotaltourismearnings.（分数：2.00）attributecontributeVdistributedispatch解析：解析：本题考查动词辨析。attribute意为"把归因于，认为属于”，常用于attriutesthtosth结构。contribute意为"为做出贡献，捐献”，符合题意，故为答案。distribute意为"分发，分配；分销；散播”。dispatch意为“派遣，调遣；发出”。Heisadiligentandteacher,welllikedbyhisstudents.（分数：2.00）voluntaryconsciousC・conscientiousVD.hard解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。根据空前的diligent提示，本空应填与diligent意思接近，或属于同一语义范畴的词。voluntary意为“自愿的，志愿的；无偿的”。conscious意为“有意识的，神志清醒的；自觉的，有意的”；conscientious意为“认真的，勤勤恳恳的”，与空前的diligent并列，且符合题意，故为答案。hard意为“冷酷无情的，心肠硬的”。6・ThedoctortriedlasttimetoexplaintotheBrownsthatinfantsandyoungchildrenaremoretotheeffectsofsecondhandsmokethanadults・（分数：2・00）A・conduciveB・advantageousC・delicateD・vulnerableV解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。conducive意为“有益于的，有助于的”；advantageous意为“有利的，有好处的”；delicate意为“精致的，微妙的，脆弱的，柔和的”。vulnerable意为“（身体上或感情上）易受伤害的，脆弱的”，bevulnerableto为固定搭配，且符合infantsandyoungchildren和theeffectsofsecondhandsmoke的语境，故为答案。根据常识可知，婴儿和儿童对于二手烟的抵抗力较弱。7・Itisabsolutelytruetodaythatcollegedegreeshavebecomeavaluableforjobseekersinthecountry'sdevelopingmarketeconomy・（分数：2・00）A・assetVB・liabilityC・deterrentD・means解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。asset意为“财富；有价值的人（或事物）；有用的人（或事物）”；liability意为“负债，债务；责任；惹麻烦的人（或事）”。deterrent意为“威慑因素；遏制力”。means意为“方法；方式；途径；财富；钱财”。对于求职者来说，大学学位只能是成为有价值的事物，故答案为［A］项。8・Sheisfartootobelievetheseridiculouslies・（分数：2・00）A・sensationalB・sensitiveC・sensibleVD・sensuous解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。题干中的too・・・tobelieve（太以至于不相信）及ridiculouslies（荒谬的谎言）提示，本空应填表示“理智的，明智的”之意的词。sensational意为“轰动的；耸人听闻的；极好的，绝妙的”。sensitive意为“敏感的；易生气的，易担忧的”。besensitiveto为固定搭配，后接名词。sensible意为"（行为或决定）明智的，理智的，合理的”，besensibletodosth.意为"理智地做某事”，符合题意，故答案为［C］项。sensuous意为“愉悦感官的，给人以美感的”。句意：她很理智，不会相信这些荒谬的谎言。9・Withaudiencesandlessfinancialsupportfromgovernment,Britain'sbestorchestrasmustfindnewsourcesofincome,iftheyaretocontinue・（分数：2・00）A・shrinkingVB・captivewitheringsympathetic解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。shrinking意为“减少的，缩小的，收缩的”。captive意为“（观众）被强制的，受控制的；（市场）垄断的”。withering意为“（眼神、话语）尖刻的，令人难堪的，咄咄逼人的”。sympathetic意为“同情的，表示同情的”。根据空后的lessfinancialsupport可知，空处所填的形容词应该与less在含义上一致，四个选项中只有shrinking能够描述audiences数量的减少，故为答案。10.OnJuly1,1997,ChinaresumedtheexerciseofsovereigntyoverHongKong,wipingout156yearsofcolonialhumiliationontheChinesenation.（分数：2.00）befellimposedVafflictedleased解析：解析：本题考查动词辨析。befall（befell的原形）意为“（不幸或不好的事）降临到……头上，发生在……身上”。impose意为“强制实行，把……强加于”，与空后的on搭配，且符合空前的colonialhumiliation（殖民屈辱）的语义，故答案为［B］项。afflict意为“折磨，使痛苦”；lease意为“出租，租借”。句意为：1997年7月1日中国在香港恢复行使主权，扫除了强加给中华民族156年的殖民屈辱。Johnsontheprobleminhismindfortwomoredaysbeforehecametoaconclusion.（分数：2.00）turnedonturnedoverVturnedoutturnedto解析：解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。turnon意为“打开（电器、煤气等），接通”；turnover意为"翻身，翻转；仔细考虑”。turnovertheprobleminone'smind意为"仔细考虑问题”，故答案为［B］项。turnout意为“结果是，证明是；到场，出席”°turnto意为“翻到；转向；变成；求助于，求教于”。Manyoftheworksexhibitedinthegalleryare,filledwithenergyandvitality,brightcolorsanduniquewaysofexpressingideas.（分数：2.00）imaginativeVimaginableimaginedimaginary解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。imaginative意为"富有想象力的”。根据空后的filledwithenergyandvitality，brightcolorsanduniquewaysofexpressingideas（充满了活力和生机、明亮的色彩和独特的表达思想的方式）可知，本空应填imaginative，故答案为［A］项。imaginable意为“可想象的”，修饰名词作定语时常置于被修饰名词之后oimaginary意为"虚构的”，指凭空想象的oimagined为imagine的过去分词形式，明显本句不缺谓语动词，故排除。Wordsfailtoourfeelingsofgreatreverenceforthehero.（分数：2.00）implydeliverconveyVcontain解析：解析：本题考查动词辨析。imply意为“暗示；意味；隐含；说明，表明”。deliver意为“发表；交付；投递，传送”。convey意为“传达，表达，传递”，常指“传递信息或感情等”，符合题意，故为答案。contain意为“包含，容纳”。Chinaisanambitiousplantostimulatethedomesticeconomybyinvestingininfrastructureconstruction,ofwhichtelecommunicationsareanimportantpart.（分数：2.00）undertaking丿supervisingfoilingcompiling解析：解析：本题考查动词辨析。undertake意为“着手做，从事，承担”，与空后的plan构成搭配，也符合题意，故为答案。supervise意为“监督，指导；管理，主管”。foil意为“阻止；挫败”。compile意为“编译；编写；编纂；汇编”。15.Ihavetotimetoprepareforthecomingsportsmeet.（分数：2.00）setaboutB・setasideVsetupsetoff解析：解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。setabout意为“开始，着手”。setaside意为“留作……之用，留出（时间）……用于”，与空后的time搭配，符合“留出时间准备即将到来的运动会”的语境，故答案为［B］项。setup意为“建立；组装”；setoff意为“动身，出发，启程”。16.Ifnotproperly,borderissueswhicharealwaysverysensitiveandcomplicatedinternationalrelationscanoftentriggerconflicts.（分数：2.00）handledVhandinghandletohandle解析：解析：本题考查if引导的状语从句的省略。if从句的主语与主句的主语一致，都为borderissues，且从句主语后跟有动词be，通常可以省略if从句中的“主语+be”。从句的完整形式为：Ifborderissuesarenotproperlyhandled，…。故答案为handled。Afterseemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager'soffice.（分数：2.00）whatVitthatthere解析：解析：本题考查宾语从句。介词after后面的宾语从句中缺少主语，故使用连接词what引导宾语从句，并在句中作主语，故答案为［A］项。it和there不能引导宾语从句，故排除［B］项和［D］项；that在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，也排除［C］项。Everychangeofseason,everychangeofweathersomechangeinthewonderfulcolorsandshapesofthesemountains.（分数：2.00）makemakesVismakingaremaking解析：解析：本题考查主谓一致。当and连接的并列名词词组带有each，every或manya等限定词时，谓语动词通常用单数，故答案为［B］makes。Therenothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.（分数：2.00）tobetohavebeenbeD・beingV解析:解析：本题考查独立主格结构。此处为therebe句型用于独立主格结构的用法，结构为“Therebeing+名词（代词）”，表示原因，故答案为［D］being。句意：由于没有更多的东西可讨论，会议提前半小时就结束了。20・Variablessuchasindividualandcorporatebehaviornearlyimpossibleforeconomiststoforecasteconomictrendswithprecision・（分数：2・00）A・makeitVB・makeC・itmakesD・makesit解析：解析：本题考查主谓一致及it充当形式宾语的用法。根据句子结构，主语是variables,suchasindividualandcorporatebehavior为后置定语，修饰variables，所以谓语动词用动词原形形式，故首先排除［C］项和［D］项。空后的nearlyimpossible充当宾语补足语，toforecasteconomic…充当真正的宾语，谓语动词后面必须由形式宾语补充完整，故答案为［A］makeit。21・HadJanebeenmorecarefulonthemathexam,shemuchbetterresultsnow・（分数：2・00）A・wouldbegettingB・couldhavegotC・mustgetD・wouldgetV解析：解析：本题考查虚拟语气（错综时间条件句）。从句是对过去事实的虚拟，省略了if，因此为倒装形式；主句是对现在（主句中有now）情况的虚拟，因此主句用woulddo结构，故答案为［D］项。句意：要是简数学考试再细心些的话，她现在就能得更好的成绩了。22・Bytheyear2030,it'sestimatedthatmorethantwothirdsoftheworld'spopulationwillbelivingincities—today・（分数：2・00）A・twiceasmanyasVB・astwiceasmanyC・asmuchastwiceD・asmuchtwiceas解析：解析：本题考查倍数表达法。根据选项可知，本题采用的是“倍数+as+many/much+as”结构。在这里，其比较对象是人，为可数名词，用many进行修饰，故答案为［A］项。句意：到2030年，预计世界2/3以上的人口将居住在城市，这是现在的两倍。23・Mydaughterhaswalkedeightmilestoday・Weneverguessedthatshecouldwalkfar・（分数：2・00）A・/B・suchC・thatVD・as解析：解析：本题考查that的用法。根据两句句意，本空所填词指代前一句中的eightmilestoday。所填词that相当于so，意为“如此”，修饰副词far，故答案为［C］项。such后要接名词或名词短语，故排除［B］项。as与语义不符，排除［D］项。句意为：我的女儿今天已经走了8英里了。我们从来没有想到她能够走如此远。24・MuchIlikeAntonia,Ihatedthesuperiortonethatshesometimestookwithme・（分数：2・00）althoughsinceforasV解析：解析：本题考查倒装。as引导的让步状语从句常将名词、形容词、副词和动词放在句首引起部分倒装，即“名词（不带冠词/形容词/副词）+aus+主语+系动词be”或“副词+as+主语+动词”或“实义动词+as+主语+助动词/情态动词”，意为“虽然……但是”或“尽管……但是”，答案为［D］项。句意：我虽然很喜欢安东妮亚，但也很讨厌有时她对我说话时那种高人一等的腔调。Developingfriendlytieswithneighborlycountriesisthepriorityaimofthiscountry'sforeignpolicyandthispolicywillnotbechangedtheinternationalsituationmaybe.（分数：2.00）whicheverhoweverwhereverwhateverV解析：解析：本题考查状语从句。此处whatever引导让步状语从句，相当于nomatterwhat。句意：发展与邻国的友好关系是这个国家外交政策的优先目标，无论国际形势如何，此政策都不会被改变。Thesnowleopardisaclass-oneendangeredspecies,isthegiantpanda.（分数：2.00）asVsuchwhichthat解析：解析：本题考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，故首先排除［B］such和［D］that。which引导非限制性定语从句，用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。as引导非限制性定语从句时，在从句中通常作主语，指代整个主句，表示的意思是“正如，正像”，其引导的定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，故答案为［A］as。Jeremycametovisitmeagain.Itwasthesecondtimehemethatafternoon.（分数：2.00）hadbeeninterruptinghasinterruptedwouldhaveinterruptedhadinterruptedV解析：解析：本题考查动词时态。在“Itisthefirst/second…time+从句”的结构中，从句用现在完成时。在“Itwasthefirst/second…time+从句”的结构中，从句用过去完成时，故答案为［D］hadinterrupted。Grace'seyeswerewetwithtearsassheputherfaceshecould,grippingmylefthandandstrokingit.（分数：2.00）ascloseastominesoclosetomineasasclosetomineasVmuchsocloseas解析：解析：本题考查句子结构。根据空后shecould为句子，首先排除［A］项。没有muchso…as的用法，故排除［D］项°as…as…与so…as…在肯定句中可以互换，但在否定句中，只能用so…as…，故本题最佳选项为［C］项。Theboysinthefamilyareoldenoughfor.（分数：2.00）schoolVschoolstheschooltheschools解析：解析：本题考查固定用法。forschool意为“上学”，故答案为school。30.Intellectistothemindsightistothebody.（分数：2.00）asB・whatVC.likeD・that解析：解析：本题考查语法结构。what引导的是一个类比性状语从句，说明主句行为的方式、方法，其结构为“AistoBwhatCistoD”，意思是“A对于B来说，就像C对于D一样”，故答案为[B]what。句意：智力之于大脑，犹如视力之于躯体。二、ReadingComprehension（总题数：2,分数：40.00）TosaythatthecityisacentralproblemofAmericanlifeissimplytoknowthatincreasinglythecitiesareAmericanlife;justasurbanlivingisbecomingtheconditionofmanacrosstheworld.Everywheremenandwomencrowdintocitiesinsearchofemployment,adecentliving,thecompanyoftheirfellows,andtheexcitementandstimulationofurbanlife.[2]Withinaveryfewyears,80percentofallAmericanswillliveincities—thegreatmajorityoftheminconcentrationslikethosewhichstretchfromBostontoWashington,andoutwardfromChicagoandLosAngelesandSanFranciscoandSt.Louis.ThecitiesarethenervesystemofeconomiclifefortheentireNation,andformuchoftheworld.[3]AndeachofourcitiesisnowtheseatofnearlyalltheproblemsofAmericanlife:povertyandracehatred,stuntededucationandsaddenedlives,andtheotherillsofthenewurbanNation—congestionandfilth,dangerandpurposelessness—whichafflictallbuttheveryrichandtheverylucky.[4]...Thecityisnotjusthousingandstores.Itisnotjusteducationandemployment,parksandtheaters,banksandshops.Itisaplacewheremenshouldbeabletoliveindignityandsecurityandharmony,wherethegreatachievementsofmoderncivilizationandtheagelesspleasuresaffordedbynaturalbeautyshouldbeavailabletoall.Ifthisiswhatwewant—andthisiswhatwemustwantifmenaretobefreeforthat"pursuitofhappiness"whichwastheearliestpromiseoftheAmericanNation—wewillneedmorethanpovertyprograms,housingprograms,andemploymentprograms,althoughwewillneedallofthese.Wewillneedanoutpouringofimagination,ingenuity,discipline,andhardworkunmatchedsincethefirstadventurerssetouttoconquerthewilderness.Fortheproblemisthelargestwehaveeverknown.Andweconfrontanurbanwildernessmoreformidableandresistantandinsomewaysmorefrighteningthanthewildernessfacedbythepilgrimsorthepioneers.[5]Onegreatproblemissheergrowth—growthwhichcrowdspeopleintoslums,thrustssuburbsoutoverthecountryside,burdenstothebreakingpointallouroldwaysofthoughtandaction—oursystemsoftransportandwatersupplyandeducation,andourmeansofraisingmoneytofinancethesevitalservices.[6]Asecondisdestructionofthephysicalenvironment,strippingpeopleofcontactwithsunandfreshair,cleanrivers,grassandtrees—condemningthemtoalifeamongstoneandconcrete,neonlightsandanendlessflowofautomobiles.Thishappensnotonlyinthecentralcity,butintheverysuburbswherepeopleoncefledtofindnature."Thereisnopolicesoeffective,"saidEmerson,"asagoodhillandawidepasture...wheretheboys...candisposeoftheirsuperfluousstrengthandspirits."Wecannotrestorethepastures,butwemustprovideachancetoenjoynature,achanceforrecreation,forpleasureandforsomerestorationofthatessentialdimensionofhumanexistencewhichflowsonlyfromman'scontactwiththenaturalworldaroundhim.[7]Athirdistheincreasingdifficultyoftransportation—addingconcealed,unpaidhourstotheworkweek,removingmenfromthesocialandculturalamenitiesthataretheheartofthecity;sendingdestructiveswarmsofautomobilesacrossthecity,leavingbehindthemabandofconcreteandapoisonedatmosphere.Andsometimes—asinWatts—oursurrendertotheautomobilehassocrippledpublictransportthatthousandsliterallycannotaffordtogotoworkelsewhereinthecity.[8]Afourthdestructiveforceistheconcentratedpovertyandracialtensionoftheurbanghetto—aproblemsovastthatthebarestrecitalofitssymptomsisprofoundlyshocking:Segregationisbecomingthegoverningrule;WashingtonisonlythemostprominentexampleofacitywhichhasbecomeoverwhelminglyNegroaswhitesmovetothesuburbs;manyothercitiesaremovingalongthesameroa—dforexample,Chicago,which,ifpresenttrendscontinue,willbeover50percentNegroby1975.TheghettoesofHarlemandSouthsideandWattsarecitiesinthemselves,areasofasmuchas350,000people.Povertyandunemploymentareendemic:fromone-thirdofthefamiliesintheseareasliveinpoverty,insome,maleunemploymentmaybeashighas40percent;unemploymentofNegroyouthsnationallyisover25percent.Welfareanddependencyarepervasive:one-fourthofthechildrenintheseghettoes,asinHarlem,mayreceiveFederalAidtoDependentChildren;inNewYorkCity,ADCalonecostsover$20millionamonth;inourfivelargestcities,theADCbill'sover$500millionayear.Housingisovercrowded,unhealthy,anddilapidated:thelasthousingcensusfound43percentofurbanNegrohousingtobesubstandard;intheseghettoes,over10,000childrenmaybeinjuredorinfectedbyratbiteseveryyear.Educationissegregated,unequal,andinadequate:thehighschooldropoutrateaveragesnearly70percent,thereareacademichighschoolsinwhichlessthan3percentoftheenteringstudentswillgraduatewithanacademicdiploma.Healthispoorandcareinadequate:infantmortalityintheghettoesismorethantwicetherateoutside,mentalretardationamongNegroescausedbyinadequateprenatalcareismorethanseventimesthewhiterate;one-halfofallbabiesborninManhattanlastyearwillhavehadnoprenatalcareatall;deathsfromdiseasesliketuberculosis,influenza,andpneumoniaaretwotothreetimesascommonaselsewhere.[9]Fifthisbothcauseandconsequenceofalltherest.Itisthedestructionofthesense,andoftenthefact,ofcommunity,ofhumandialog,thethousandinvisiblestrandsofcommonexperienceandpurpose,affectionandrespectwhichtiementotheirfellows.Communityisexpressedinsuchwordsasneighborhood,civicpride,friendship.Itprovidesthelife-sustainingforceofhumanwarmthandsecurity,asenseofone'sownhumansignificanceintheacceptedassociationandcompanionshipofothers.[10]...Communitydemandsaplacewherepeoplecanseeandknoweachother,wherechildrencanplayandadultsworktogetherandjoininthepleasuresandresponsibilitiesoftheplacewheretheylive.Thewholehistoryofthehumanrace,untiltoday,hasbeenthehistoryofcommunity.Yet,thisisdisappearing,anddisappearingatatimewhenitssustainingstrengthisbadlyneeded.Forothervalueswhichoncegavestrengthforthedailybattleoflifearealsobeingeroded.[11]Thewideninggapbetweentheexperienceofthegenerationsinarapidlychangingworldhasweakenedthetiesoffamily;childrengrowupinaworldofexperienceandculturetheirparentsneverknew.[12]Theworldbeyondtheneighborhoodhasbecomemoreimpersonalandabstract.Industryandgreatcities,conflictsbetweennationsandtheconquestsofsciencemoverelentlesslyforward,seeminglybeyondthereachofindividualcontrolorevenunderstanding.[13]...Butofallourproblems,themostimmediateandpressing,theonewhichthreatenstoparalyzeourverycapacitytoact,toobliterateourvisionofthefuture,istheplightoftheNegroofthecentercity.Forthisplightandtheriotswhichareitsproductandsymptom—threatentodivideAmericansforgenerationstocome;toaddtotheever-presentdifficultiesofraceandclassthebitterlegacyofviolenceanddestructionandfear[14]Itisthereforeoftheutmostimportancethatthesehearingsgobeyondthetemporarymeasuresthusfaradoptedtodealwithriots—beyondthefirsthosesandthebillyclubs;andbeyondevensprinklersonfirehydrantsandnewswimmingpoolsaswell.Thesehearingsmuststartusalongtheroadtowardsolutionstotheunderlyingconditionswhichafflictourcities,sothattheymaybecometheplacesoffulfillmentandease,comfortandjoy,thecommunitiestheyweremeanttobe.（分数：20.00）.Accordingtothepassage,everywheremenandwomencrowdintocitiesinsearchof.(分数：2.00)employmentandracehatredadecentlivingandstuntededucationcongestionandthecompanyoftheirfellowstheexcitementandotheradvantagesofurbanlife丿解析：解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的everywheremenandwomencrowdintocities将本题出处定位于文章第一段最后一句。该句提到，到处是涌向城市的男男女女，他们追求着工作、体面的生活、朋友的陪伴以及都市生活的兴奋和刺激。［D］是对该句内容的同义转述，故为答案。［A］中的racehatred,［B］中的stuntededucation和［C］中的congestion都是利用第三段设置的干扰，这些都是美国城市生活的问题，不是人们涌人城市所要追求的，故排除。.Itcanbelearnedthatwithinafewyears,ofallAmericanswillliveinconcentrationslikethosewhichstretchfromBostontoWashington,andoutwardfromChicagoandothercities.(分数：2.00)lessthan80percent丿about80percentmorethan80percentnoneoftheabove解析：解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的withinafewyears和inconcentrationslikethosewhichstretchfromBostontoWashington…将本题出处定位于文章第二段第一句。该句提到，几年内，百分之八十的美国人将居住在城市中，他们中的绝大多数将聚集在从波士顿延伸到华盛顿之间的区域，离开芝加哥、洛杉矶、旧金山和圣路易斯等聚集地，“绝大多数人”所占的比例肯定是少于80%的，故答案为［A］项。.Besidespoverty,housingandunemploymentprograms,Americansneedtoattainthekindofsocietytheywant.(分数：2.00)imaginationingenuitydisciplineandhardworkalloftheabove丿解析：解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的poverty，housingandunemploymentprograms将本题出处定位于文章第四段。该段第四、五句提到，我们需要的不仅是扶贫项目、住房项目和就业项目，还需要源源不断的想象力(imagination)、独创性(ingenuity)、纪律性(discipline)和努力的工作(hardwork)。由此可知，答案为［D］项。.Accordingtotheauthor,thecityshouldbe.(分数：2.00)theseatofnearlyalltheproblemsofAmericanlifejusthouses,stores,schools,businesses,parks,andtheatersplacewherepeoplecanliveindignityandsecurityandharmony丿thenervesystemofpolitical,economic,culturallifeformuchoftheworld解析：解析：事实细节题。第四段第三句提到，城市应该是一个使人们能活得体面、安全、和睦的地方，［C］项是对该句的同义转述，故为答案。第三段第一句提到，我们的城市现在几乎是所有美国生活问题的温床，由此可排除［A］项。第四段前两句提到，城市不应仅仅提供住房、商店、教育、就业、公园、剧院、银行和商店，由此可排除［B］项。第二段提到波士顿、华盛顿等城市是美国乃至世界上大部分地区经济生活的神经系统，并未提到城市应成为世界上大部分地区政治、经济、文化生活的神经系统，故排除［D］项。.ThemajorcityproblemsdiscussedinthepassageincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT(分数：2.00)racialtensionandthedestructionofthesenseofcommunitysheergrowthanddestructionofthephysicalenvironmentthedifficultyoftransportationandconcentratedpovertyunpaidworkinghoursandapoisonedatmosphereV解析：解析：事实细节题。文章第五至九段分别由Onegreatproblemis…Asecondis…Athirdis…Afourthdestructiveforceis…Fifthis…论述了五个城市存在的主要问题：单纯增长问题、对自然环境的破坏、交通拥堵问题、集中贫困和种族关系紧张问题、集体感的消失。由此可知，［A］项、［B］项和［C］项都是文中提到的主要城市问题，故答案为［D］项。第七段提到，日益严重的交通拥堵问题无形中增加了人们无报酬的劳动时间，造成大量尾气排放，［D］项的内容是交通拥堵这一主要城市问题造成的危害，而非主要的城市问题。.ThemostprominentexampleofacitywhichhasbecomeoverwhelminglyNegrois.(分数：2.00)NewYorkSanFranciscoChicagoWashington丿解析：解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的becomeoverwhelminglyNegro将本题出处定位于文章第八段第二句。该句提到，华盛顿是最突出的一个黑人数量占压倒性优势的城市，由此可知答案为［D］项。.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?(分数：2.00)20percentofthechildreninghettosmayreceiveFederalAidtoDependentChildren.丿Maleunemploymentinsomeareasmaybeashighas40percent.43percentofurbanNegrohousingissubstandard.Inghettos,thehighschooldropoutrateaveragesnearly70percent.解析：解析：事实细节题。第八段提到，四分之一的贫民区儿童可能接受贫困儿童联邦政府补助，即25％，故［A］项不正确，为答案。其余三个选项在第八段中均有提及。.ThereasonwhytheplightoftheNegroisthemostimmediateandpressingproblemisthatitthreatens.(分数：2.00)toparalyzetheAmericaneconomytodivideAmericansforgenerationstocomeVtodestroythevisionofthefuturegenerationstouseviolenceinoverthrowingtheoldbeliefandsocialsystem解析：解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的themostimmediateandpressingproblem将本题出处定位于文章第十三段。该段提到，在所有问题中，最紧迫的、麻痹我们行动力、抹杀我们对未来的憧憬的，是内城区黑人的困境，这个困境和骚乱可能将美国的后代分裂开来，由此可知答案为［B］项。其余三个选项文中均未提及。.Accordingtotheauthor,thesenseofcommunitychieflymeans.(分数：2.00)thetiesoffamilyathousandimaginablestrandsthingswhichtiementotheirfellowsVthevalueswhichoncegavestrengthforthedailybattleoflife解析：解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的thesenseofcommunity将本题出处定位于文章第九段。该段提到，集体感是共同的经历和目的、感情和尊重这些将人们和同伴维系起来(tiementotheirfellows)的无形的线，［C］项是对此的同义转述，故为答案。［A］项和［B］项在文中未提及；第十段最后一句提到，其他曾经给人们每天打拼生活带来力量的价值观念也在被侵蚀，［D］项是利用这里设置的干扰项，该句形容的是其他价值观念，而非集体感，故排除。.Inthisselection,theauthormakesworkforhimtoorderthematerialssothatitiseasytofollow・(分数：2.00)descriptionclassificationVdefinitionnarration解析:解析:推理判断题。本题考查作者编排材料的方法。文章第五至九段以Onegreatproblemis…Asecondis・・・Athirdis・・・Afourthdestructiveforceis・・・Fifthis…开头，使文章条理清晰，易于阅读，可知作者使用了分类的手法，故答案为[B]项。[1]WhenIfirstsawPippathecheetah,shewassittingpertlyonachairinthetearoomoftheNewStanleyHotelinNairobi.Ihadgonetomeetherowners,anEnglishcouplewhowereleavingKenyaandwantedtoensurethattheirpetwouldfindagoodhome.Pippawaswearingaharnessandwasabletositatatable,lookingasifshemighthaveasoftdrinkthroughastraw.Shewasathoroughlyspoiledcub.[2]Eighteenmonthslatershehadreturnedtothewild.ShewaslivingintheNorthernFrontierDistrictwhereshehadbeenborn.Shehadlearnedtohuntforherself,hadmatedwithawildcheetah,andwasraisingalitterofcubs.[3]Pippa'srehabilitationtothewildrequiredpatience,perseverance,love,andthesamekindofrespectforherasabeingthatIwouldhaveofferedafellowhuman.IhadpreviouslysharedthisloveandrespectwithElsathelioness,whommyhusbandGeorgeandIhadraisedasacub.Butitwasnotsimplyamatterofaffection—althoughtherewasplentyofthat.Therehabilitationprocesswasimportantasanexperimentindevelopingameansoftryingtoguaranteethesurvivalofendangeredspecies.Thecheetahisoneofthese;thelionmaybecomeonesoon.[4]IlearnedmanythingsfromElsaandPippa.Theyprovedalwaystobeinterestingandaffectionatecompanions.AndIenjoyedtheclosenesstonaturethattherehabilitationprocessrequired.ButtherewereraanytimeswhenIwasworkingwithElsaandPippa,andtherehavebeenmanytimessince,whenIhavewonderedaboutanotherendangeredspecies,aspeciesgenerallyasignorantofthethreattoitssurvivalasthesetwocatshadbeen.Thatspeciesisman.[5]Somerecentscientific,economic,andpoliticalresearchsuggeststhatthecurvesforfooddemandandfoodsupplywillcrossinamaximumof60years.Bythen,man'soverpopulation,increasingpollution,andthediminishingfoodsupplycouldthreatentoendhumanlifeonourplanet.Beingawareofthisresearch,Icouldnothelpwonderingwhatstepsmancouldtaketoensurehissurvival.Couldhe,forinstance,learnfromanimalssomethingaboutbirthcontrol,inter-creaturerelationships,orthoughtcommunicationthatwouldhelphimavoidextinction?[6]Generally,thefirstreactiontosuchmusingsisoneofastonishment.Thequestionphrasesitself.Whatcanman,themosthighlyevolvesdpeciesofanimallife,learnfromlessdevelopedcreatures?Astonishmentatthisquestionitselfsuggestsastartingplace.Perhapsmanneedstoregainhishumility—andhissenseofperspective.Perhapsheshouldlookathimselfasjustanotherexperimentofnature,nomoreimportantintrinsicallythanthethousandsofotherspeciesevolvedonourplanet.Manis,afterall,afairlyrecentdevelopment.Hehaslivedonearthonly1.7millionyears—notaverylongtimecomparedwiththe400millionyearsofsomecreatures.[7]Man'sachievementsduringthisstayareastounding.Yettheyendangerhisownsurvival.Asaresult,hemaydisappearashaveotherspecieswhobecametoooverspecialized,oroutlivedtheirenvironment.Perhapsmorethananyothercreaturemanisnotableforhisconstantviolationsoftheeternallawoflivinginharmonywithnature.Mankillseverythingthatcompeteswithhimforlivingspaceorfood.Hehasirreparablydamagedhisenvironment.Hehasforsakennature'sbasiclaws,substitutingforthemhisownman-madelawsandvalues.Hehas,forexample,inventedmoney—andnowhegaugessuccess,power,andachievementalmostexclusivelyintermsofit.Heoverestimateshisegoandhiscapacities.Heworshipsstatusandsacrificesfantasticallyforit.[8]Amorerationalperspectivewouldseethatallorganiclifeisofequalimportance.Thateveryspecieshasitsroletoplay.Thatnothingsurvivesunlessitfitsintothebalanceofnatureandliveswithinitsenvironment.Thatalllifemustworktogethertopreservelifeandmaintainecology.[9]Butmancanalsolearnmorespecificallyfromanimals.Withhisresearchcapacityhecanaskhimself:Howwereanimalsabletomaintainthebalanceofnatureformorethan400millionyears?Oncehehasunlockedthesesecrets,hecantrytoapplythemtohisownsituation.[10]Whataresomeofthesesecrets?Birthcontrolisone.Animalshaveveryefficientmeansofcontrollingtheirreproduction.Wewhostudyanimalshavelearnedaboutitonlyinthelastfewyears.Wedon'tyetknowhowitworks,butwedoknowsomefacts.Mostantelopes,forexample,canwithholdtheiryoungforweeks,evenmonths.Theydothisinorderthatbirthsoccurwiththearrivaloftherains,theavailabilityofgrazing,andthemothers'adequatesupplyofmilkfortheyoung.[11]Elephantsseemabletoadjusttheirreproductioninsomewhatthesameway.OntheVictoriaNile,forinstance,onebankisextremelyeroded;itprovidesbarelyenoughfoodfortheelephantslivingthere.Theoppositebank,ontheotherhand,isquitewellcoveredwithvegetation.Observationsindicatethatelephantsonthegrassybankcalveeveryfouryears,whilethoseontheerodedbankdosoonlyeverynine.[12]MyownobservationsofElsaandPippahaverevealedsomemostinterestingfacts.Thesecatscomeintoseasoneveryfivetosevenweeks.Oncethefirstlitterhasbeenborn,theyhavethecapacitytoproduceanewlittereverythreeandahalfmonths,andsomezoo-confinedlionessesactuallydoproducelittersthisof-ten.Butintheirnaturalstate,femalesofthesespecieswillnotletamalenearth—emletalonematewithhim—whiletheyareengagedinrearingtheiryoungtocompleteindependence.Amonglionsthisperiodlaststwoyears;amongcheetahsitisaboutseventeenandahalfmonths.[13]WhenPippalosttwolitterstopredatorsafewdaysaftertheirbirth,sheinstantlylookedforamateandconceiveddespitethefactshehadhardlyrecoveredfromgivingbirth.Knowingthatherunfortunatecubsdidnotneedheranymore,shelostnotimeinstartinganewlitter.ThisalsohappenedwithalionessIknew.[14]Judgingfromthisbehavior,Icanonlyassumethatsomekindofpsychologicalblockstopsmotherlionsandcheetahsfromwantingtomatewhiletheyarepreoccupiedwithtrainingtheiryoung.[15]Anothersecretofanimals'survivalistelepathy.Thissensehasbecomeatrophiedinman,butadefinitethought-communicationfunctionsinanimals.ElsathelionessfrequentlysensedwhenGeorgeandIintendedtovisithercamp,eventhoughitlay180milesfromourhomeinIsiolo.Onmostoccasionswhenwemadeourirregularvisitsshewaswaitingforus.Byfollowingherspoorwediscoveredthatshehadsometimeswalked50or60milestomeetus.[16]ThesamethinghappenedwhenItookElsa'stwosisterstoNairobitobeflowntotheRotterdamzoo.ElsastayedbehindwithGeorgeinIsiolo180milesaway.HedidnotknowwhenIwascomingback;nopersonknew.ButElsaknew.OnthemorningofmyreturnshesatdownintheentrancedriveandwouldnotbudgeuntilIarrivedintheevening.[17]Ihaveknownthiskindofthought-communicationwiththeanimalswithwhomI'velived.WhenElsadied,Iwokeinthenight,knowingwhathadhappened,eventhoughIwasseveralhundredmilesaway.ThesamethingoccurredlaterwithoneofPippa'scubs.[18]Idon'tpossessthissensitivitywithmyownkind.IfeelfarmoreintunewithwhatisgoingonwhenIaminthebushthanwhenIaminLondonorNairobi.Wedon'tknowmuchyetaboutthistelepathy—fromwhichglanditcomes,orhowitworks.Butifmencouldreawakenorcultivateitinthemselves,andthencooperatebytrustingeachother,ratherthanfearingandtreatingoneanothersuspiciously,theworldwouldbeafarbetterplace.[19]Anothersecretoftheanimalsisembodiedinabasiclawofnaturewhichmenoftenignore.Everyanimalhasaroundhimasecurityzone.Withinthatzonehefeelssafe.Simpleobservationshowswhathappenstocreatureswhosesenseofadequatelivingspacehasbeenconsistentlyviolated,andwhohavethusbecomedegenerate.Youonlyhavetogotoazoo.Thereyoufindanimalssittinglikeprisoners,tuckedsoclosetogetherthatitisnotsurprisingtheybecomefrustratedandsometimessotensethattheytrytobreakout.Thentheyhavetobedestroyed.[20]Whenpeopleseeanimalsinthiscondition,theygettheimpressionthattheanimalsareeitherdangerousandaggressiveor,iftheyhavefallenintoastateofutterdespair,thattheyarelethargicorstupid.ButanimalsthatIhaveknownintheirnaturalstateareneverlikethis.Thisillustrateswhyzoos—eventhebestzoos—cannotsolvetheproblemofrecoveringahealthysurvivalnumberofpresentlyendangeredspecies.[21]Thesecurity-zonesense,theneedforadequatelivingspace,isnotlimitedtowildanimals.Menoncepossesseditaswell.Butnowourawarenessofithasgrownsofaintthatfourorfivepeoplecanlivetogetherinoneroom,asituationwhichrepeatedlyoccursinovercrowdedslums.Peoplelivinginthes