人教课标高一必修3 Unit 4 Astronamy The science of the stars课件

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsUnit4Astronomy:thescience1知识清单知识清单2单词名词与天文及物理相关：astronomy,globe,atmosphere,gravity,satellite,physicist,spaceship,pull与生物及化学相关：atom,carbon,dioxide,acid,oxygen,biology,biologist其它：system,religion,theory,billion,chain,puzzle,climate单名词与天文及物理相关：astronomy,globe,3单词动词multiply,exist,crash,float形容词violent,fundamental,harmful,gentle副词thus介词unlike单动词multiply,exist,crash,flo4短语词汇表intime,layeggs,givebirthto,inone’sturn,prevent...from,blockout,cheerup,nowthat,breakout,watchoutfor课文inalldirections,acloudof,allsortsof,aswellas,forthefirsttime,bedifferentfrom,haveachancetodosth.,makeatrip,onone’sjourney,pushsb.backinto,getthehangof短词intime,layeggs,givebirt5句式1....as+形容词+a(n)+名词+as...例句：Whenwegetclosertothemoon,weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus,butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth’s.2.nowthat引导原因状语从句例句：“Oh,dear,”

Icried,

“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”语法主语从句句1....as+形容词+a(n)+名词+as..61.__________n.系统;体系;制度2.__________n.学说;理论3.__________n.大气层;气氛4.__________prep.不同;不像5.__________n.链子;连锁;锁链systemtheoryatmosphereunlikechain(一)基本单词单词1.__________n.系统;体系;制度sy76._________n.气候7.________vi.&vt.碰撞;坠落8.________n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力9.________vi.&vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮

n.漂浮物climatecrashpullfloat6._________n.气候climatecras810.________adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的________n.暴力11._________adj.有害的_________n.伤害;害处12._________vi.存在;生存_________n.存在;生存violentviolence(二)派生单词harmfulharmexistexistence10.________adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴913.________n.谜;难题

vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难_________adj.令人迷惑的_________adj.迷惑的puzzlepuzzlingpuzzled13.________n.谜;难题puzzlepu101.及时;终于2.下蛋3.产生;分娩4.轮到某人;接着5.阻止;制止intimelayeggsgivebirthtoinone’sturnprevent…from短语1.及时;终于intimelayeggsgive116.感到高兴;感到振奋7.既然8.突发;爆发9.密切注视;当心;提防10.挡住(光线)cheerupnowthatbreakoutwatchoutforblockout6.感到高兴;感到振奋cheerupnowthat121.Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago. 没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始形成的,因为在很早以前它就形成了。

as引导的从句表示原因。句式1.Nooneknowsexactlyhowth132.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道,直到38-45亿年前,这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。

what引导主语从句。2.Whatitwastobecomewasu143.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能开始发展了。

makeit＋adj./n.forsb./sth.todosth.3.Thisproducedachainreact154....,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.…,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。

timesas...as...是……的几倍4....,IfoundIwascarried16核心要点核心要点171.violent

adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的

(课文原句)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatiswasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.

翻译：地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。单词1.violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的18【归纳】violentcrime暴力犯罪【拓展】

violentlyadv.

猛烈地;激烈地

violencen.

暴力;暴行【归纳】192.harmful

adj.有害的

harmn.伤害,损害

(课文原句)Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.

翻译：很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性特质溶解在海洋里。2.harmfuladj.有害的20【归纳】

beharmfulto对……有害

doharmto…损害……

Thereisnoharmindoingsth./Itdoesnoharmtodosth.做某事没有什么坏处。【归纳】213.exist

vi.存在;生存

(课文原句)Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.

翻译：它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。3.existvi.存在;生存22【归纳】

existon靠……为生

existby以……方式为生

existin存在于……之中

Thereexists/existed...某地有……;存在【拓展】

existingadj.现有的，现存的

existencen.存在;生存

comeintoexistence产生;成立;开始存在

inexistence存在【归纳】234.puzzle

vt.使迷惑;使为难;使窘困;感到迷惑

n.(游戏的)猜谜;难题;谜

(课文原句)Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.(P27)

翻译：地球上的生命是如何开始的，科学家发现很难解释这个最大的难题。4.puzzlevt.使迷惑;使为难;使窘困;感24【归纳】

puzzleover/aboutsth.苦苦思索;仔细琢磨

puzzlesth.out琢磨出……的答案【拓展】

puzzledadj.迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人)

puzzlingadj.令人迷惑不解的(常用来修饰事物)【归纳】 255.crash

vt.&vi.碰撞；坠落(课文原句)thatacometcrashedintotheearthlongagoandcausedthedisappearance(P29)

翻译：一颗彗星很久以前撞上了地球，导致了它的消失5.crashvt.&vi.碰撞；坠落26【归纳】★crash作名词时，意为：①坠毁，猛撞；②碰撞声，破裂声；③暴跌，倒闭，失败；④（计算机系统的）崩溃。如：Morethanonehundredpeoplewerekilledintheplanecrash.Thevaselandedonthefloorwithacrash.Whenthemarketcrashed,theyassumedthedealwouldbecancelled.Acomputercrashisverycostly.【归纳】27★crash作动词时，意为：①碰撞，撞击（常与介词into连用）；②（使）猛撞；③暴跌，倒闭，失败；④崩溃。如：Kevinwasdrunkwhenhecrashedthecar.Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashedintothebackofabus.Wewatchedthewavescrashingagainsttherocks.Thecompanycrashedwithdebtsof$20million.ThesystemcrashedandIlostthreehours’worthofwork.★crash作动词时，意为：①碰撞，撞击（常与介词into连286.pull

n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力

(课文原句)Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth’sgravity.

翻译：随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。6.pulln.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力29【归纳】

pullapart拆卸;拆散

pullaway(车辆等)开走

pulldown拆毁;摧毁(建筑物)

pullin(车辆)进站;停靠

pullout驶出;退出

pullthrough康复,痊愈

pullup停车【归纳】301.intime及时;终于;总有一天

(课文原句)Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.

翻译：它(地球)猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。短语1.intime及时;终于;总有一天短语31【拓展】

innotime立刻;马上

aheadoftime提前

atatime每次;逐一

attimes有时;间或

allthetime一直,始终

fromtimetotime有时;偶尔

manyatime多次;常常

timeaftertime一次又一次;总是【拓展】32—ThankGodyou’resafe!—Isteppedback,just_____toavoidtheracingcar.

A.intime

B.incase

C.inneed

D.invain—ThankGodyou’resafe!332.inone’sturn轮到某人;接着

(课文原句)Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.

翻译：于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。2.inone’sturn轮到某人;接着34

【拓展】

inturn轮流;依次;逐个

takeone’sturn依次;轮流

taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事

It’sone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事【拓展】353.cheerup感到高兴;感到振奋

(课文原句)Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.

翻译：我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。3.cheerup感到高兴;感到振奋36【拓展】

cheersb.on(赛跑/比赛等中)以喝彩声鼓励,为(某人)加油

cheerfor...为……欢呼

Cheers!(用于祝酒)干杯!【拓展】374.blockout挡住（光线）

(课文原句)Asaresultofthisevent,agreatdustcloudformedintheskyblockingoutthesunlight.

翻译：这个事件的结果就是，天空形成了一团团的灰尘，遮蔽了阳光。

4.blockout挡住（光线）38【归纳】blockout意为：①挡住，遮住（光线或声音）；②忘掉，抹去（不愉快的事）；③草拟（大纲等）。如：Thattreeintheneighbor’syardblocksoutalotofourlight.Sheaccusesmeofhavingblockedoutthepast.Justblockoutthemainpointsfornowandwe’llsortthedetailsoutlater.【归纳】blockout意为：①挡住，遮住（光线或声音）；395.breakout(战争/火灾/疾病等)突发;爆发

(课文原句)Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.

翻译：随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。5.breakout(战争/火灾/疾病等)突发;爆发40【拓展】

breakawayfrom突然挣脱;逃脱

breakdown出故障;垮掉

breakin强行进入;打断

breakintosth.突然开始

breakoff断开;中断

breakthrough取得突破

breakup结束，解散，分手【拓展】411.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式短语todevelop。it作形式宾语时常用在find/make/think/consider＋it＋adj./n.＋todo结构中。句式1.Thisproducedachainreact421.这么坏的天气,我们发现爬到山顶是不可能的。Wefinditimpossibletoclimbtothetopofthehillinsuchbadweather.2.他认为学好英语口语对他来说是重要的。HeconsidereditimportantforhimtolearnspokenEnglishwell.【仿写】1.这么坏的天气,我们发现爬到山顶是不可能的。【仿写】43it作形式宾语,除指代不定式结构外,还可指代that引导的宾语从句。如：Theymadeitcleartothepublicthattheydidanimportantandnecessaryjob.他们向公众表明:他们所做的工作重要且必不可少。it作形式宾语,除指代不定式结构外,还可指代that引导442.“Ohdear,”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”

nowthat引导原因状语从句,“既然,由于”,相当于since,而且that可省略。下列介词短语也可以用来表示原因:dueto由于,归功于becauseof因为2.“Ohdear,”Icried,“walkin45onaccountof由于,因为owningto由于,因为thanksto由于,多亏(多作表语或状语)asaresultof由于onaccountof由于,因为46______

he

once

felt

like

giving

up,

he

now

has

the

determination

to

push

further

andkeep

on

going.

(2015安徽卷)A.

Where

B.

As

C.

In

case

D.

Now

that考点：考查状语从句

句意：曾经让他感到想放弃的地方，现在他决心继续前进。where表示地点，引导让步状语从句；as引导让步状语从句常用倒装，即tiredashehas;incase表目的；nowthat表原因。这里指让他感到想放弃的地方。故选A。A______

he

once

felt

like

givin47语法语法48复合句中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。【要点精讲】引导主语从句的词有连词that,whether；连接代词who,what,which；连接副词when,where,how,why等。如：Whetheryoucandoitbyyourselfmainlydependsonyourability,notyourage.WhatIneedmostnowismoretimeandmorepatience.Whenyoucanfinishtheworkisofgreatimportance.主语从句复合句中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句49that引导主语从句时，在句中无实际意义，只起连接作用，不作句子成分。当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。如：Thattheteacherwillcomeiscertain.Itisapity(that)youmadesuchacarelessmistake.that引导主语从句时，在句中无实际意义，只起连接作用，不作50常见由it作形式主语的句型如下：①It+be+n.+从句。常见名词有：fact,rule,pleasure,truth,pity等。如：ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.It’sarulethatnewmembersmustsingasong.②It+be+adj.+从句。常见形容词有：true,important,necessary,clear,certain等。如：It’struethattheearthisround.Itwasimportantthatyourest.常见由it作形式主语的句型如下：51③It+v.+从句。常用动词：seem,appear,happen,follow等。如：ItseemsthatI’vemadeamistake.Itappearedtoscientistsonearththatthestarshadmoved.④It+be+v-ed+主语从句。常用过去分词：known,said,proven,asked,suggested等。如：It’swellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.It’ssaidthathewasaspyduringthewar.③It+v.+从句。常用动词：seem,appear,52如果主语从句置于句首，则不能用if引导，而用whether；但如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导。如：WhetherTomreallysawSharonwasdoubtful.Itwasdoubtfulwhether/ifTomreallysawSharon.如果主语从句置于句首，则不能用if引导，而用whether；531._____we

understand

things

has

a

lot

to

do

with

what

we

feel.

(2015·北京卷)A.

Where

B.How

C.Why

D.

When

句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how。故选B。

高考链接B1._____we

understand

things

542.Exactly

____

the

potato

was

introduced

into

Europe

is

uncertain,

but

it

was

probably

around

1565.

(2014大纲卷)A.

whether

B.

why

C.

when

D.

how

句义：土豆确切是在何时被引进到欧洲还不确定，但是大约是在1565年左右。Whether表示“是否”，why表示“原因”；how表示“方式”。根据后半句it

was

probably

around

1565.可知本句谈论的是时间。故C正确。

C2.Exactly

____

the

potato

was553.(2016·北京卷)24.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.______youcandohelps.A.HoweverB.WhoeverC.WhateverD.Wherever试题分析：题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语，“______youcando”是主语部分，do后缺少宾语，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。C3.(2016·北京卷)24.Yoursupport564.(2016·江苏卷)21.Itisoftenthecase______anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.A.whyB.whatC.asD.that试题分析：本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that引导的主语从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已，不能省略。链接副词why要在居中做状语，连接代词what通常在居中做主语，宾语或表语等；as通常不引导名词性从句。句意：对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。D4.(2016·江苏卷)21.Itisoften57用适当的连接词填空。Itisknown1._____homeworkisanimportantpartofschoollifeinmostcountriesaroundtheworld.However,2.________homeworkhasagreateducationalvalueisstilladebateamongteachers.Somethink3.______homeworktakestoomuchtimeawayfromothermoreusefulactivities.Othersseehomeworkasreinforcing(加强)schoollessonssothat4.______studentshavelearnedwillnotbeforgotten.that

thatwhetherwhat用适当的连接词填空。that

thatwhetherwha585._____isoftenignoredinthisdebateistheroleofparentalinvolvement(参与)and6.________ornotthechild’shomeprovidessupportforeffective(有效的)homework.Itwasnotcleartosomepeople7._____parentalinvolvementcaninfluencetheeffectivenessofhomework.Itistrue8._____parentsinlow-incomefamiliesdon’thavethetimetomakehomeworkmoreimportantthanotherthingsoraren’tabletoaffordacomputeroradditionalbooks.howWhatwhetherthat5._____isoftenignore59However,9._____onlymiddle-classparentssupporttheirchildren’seducationisquiteobviouslywrong.Notallrichparentsgivethesupporttheyshould,andsomeparentslivinginthepoorestconditionsfindtimeandenergytoinvolvethemselvesintheirchildren’shomework.thatHowever,9._____onlymiddle-60写作写作61【写作任务】根据目前对某市高中生心理状况调查显示，大部分学生普遍存在的最严重的心理问题是自信心不足。主要原因有：1.学生交际范围狭窄；2.家长的期望过高；3.学校存在不恰当的比较和评价(evaluation)方式。说明文写作如何解决问题【写作任务】说明文写作62假如你是该市某英语学习报的兼职编辑，请根据以上提示信息，写一篇英文短文，点明问题，并给出合理的解决方法。注意：1.词数120左右。2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________假如你是该市某英语学习报的兼职编辑，请根据以上提示信息，写一63【写作指导】解决问题类说明文，是针对某一问题，向读者提出具体的解决办法。该类文章主要包含以下内容：①问题；②产生的原因；③如何解决；④对解决办法的评价。就本篇写作而言，可分为三个段落：第一段：点明问题，明确需要解决的问题是学生的心理问题。第二段：分析学生的心理问题存在的原因并提出解决问题的办法。第三段：对所提出的解决方法进行适当论述。【写作指导】64【常用表达】1.Problems:...isreallyaproblem.

Oneofthedifficultiesis.../Thequestionis...Itisdifficult/hardtodo...

...isaproblemthatwehavetoface.Itisofgreatimportanceforusto...

Ithasbecomethebiggestconcernof...Unlesswetakeeffectivemeasures,itislikelythat...Accordingtoarecentsurvey,therearemoreandmore...【常用表达】652.Reasons:Thereisnodoubtthatthereasonwhy...isthat...Thereasonsfor...canbelistedasfollows.Thefollowingthreefactorscontributeto...Firstofall,...Secondly,...Thirdly,...2.Reasons:663.Solutions:Itishightimethatsomethingweredoneto...

Wehavefiguredoutmanywaysto...Onlyinthiswaycanwe...

Tosolvethementionedproblems,wemust...Firstly,...Secondly,...Finally,...

Theremightbetwosolutions.Thefirstoneisto...Wecansolvetheproblemby...

Inotherwords,thebestwaytosolvetheproblemis...3.Solutions:674.Conclusions:Inaword/Tosumup...

Bydoing...youwill...Withthehelpof...wecanmanagetoovercome/pullthroughthesedifficulties.Wemustfindoutnewwaystocopewithanyproblemsthatwouldarise.4.Conclusions:68【参考范文】Accordingtoarecentsurvey,mosthighschoolstudentsinourcityappeartolackself-confidence,

whichhasbeenthemostseriouspsychologicalproblem.Thereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Thenarrowrangeofinterpersonalcommunicationisoneofthemainreasons.

Thehighexpectationfromparentsisoftensaidtobeanothercause.Also,

therestillexistsomeimpropercomparisonandevaluationmethodsinmanyschools.

【参考范文】69It’shightimethat

somethingweredonetosolvetheproblem.

First,studentsshouldcommunicatemorewithothers.Second,parentsshould

paymoreattentiontotheirchildren’sthoughts.

Finally,schoolsshouldchangetheircomparisonandevaluationmethods.Inmyopinion,allthesechangeswillcertainlyhelpstudentsbuilduptheirself-confidenceaslongastheyaredoneproperly.

It’shightimethat

someth70巩固练习巩固练习71I.用适当的介词填空。1.Charleswasverygentle________histwokids.2.Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcame_____existence.3.Itwasathrillingexperienceforhertobe____herfirstjourneytotheUSAallalone.4.It’sreportedthatfruitjuicescanbeharmful_____children’steeth.with

into

ontoI.用适当的介词填空。with

into

onto725.Someunderstandingofgrammarisfundamental________learningalanguage.to5.Someunderstandingofgramm73aswellas,intime,inone’sturn,breakout,watchoutfor,blockout,nowthat,givebirthtoII.选用方框内合适的短语并用其正确形式填空（每个短语限用一次）。

1.I’mgoingtorelax___________theschoolyearisover.2.You’dbetter_____________thosestairs.Theyareslippery.3.Weputonmusicto________thesoundofthetraffic,butinvain.nowthatwatchoutforblockoutaswellas,intime,inone’s74aswellas,intime,inone’sturn,breakout,watchoutfor,blockout,nowthat,givebirthto4.Ourcat_____________fourkittenslastsummer.Theywerereallylovely.5.EvahadnotbeenfriendlytoPeteandhe,__________,wascoldtoherwhenshecametostay.6.Iwasstillsleepingwhenthefire________,andthenitspreadquickly.givebirthtoinhisturnbrokeoutaswellas,intime,inone’s75aswellas,intime,inone’sturn,breakout,watchoutfor,blockout,nowthat,givebirthto7.TheSmithsarrivedjust________tocatchthelasttrainoutoftown.8.Heisanexcellentteacher________imeaswellasaswellas,intime,inone’s76III.选用方框内合适的连接词填空（每个连接词限用一次）。

what,that,who,how,where,whether,why,when1.It’ssurprising________quicklytheweathercanchangehere.2.Itisuncertain________sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout.3.—Hasitbeenannounced______theplaneistotakeoff?—Yes.Halfpastten.howwhatwhenIII.选用方框内合适的连接词填空（每个what,tha77what,that,who,how,where,whether,why,when4.______thetempleoncestoodisnowalargeparkinggarage.5.Itneveroccurredtome____youcouldsucceedinpersuadingJimtochangehismind.6.________wequalifyornotdependsonhowweplaythenextgame.7.Itisstillopentoquestion_____istoheadthegroup.8.____theseChinesestatuesareinaFrenchmuseumisanimportantpartofourstorytoday.WherethatWhetherwhoWhywhat,that,who,how,where,w78IV.

根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。1.___________________(与多数系统不同),thisoneisveryeasytouse.2.Asshotsrangout,thecrowd____________________(跑向四面八方).3.Here’ssomeinformationthatmayhelpyousignin__________________(首次).4.____________________________(我们的问题成倍增加)sincelastyear.UnlikemostsystemsraninalldirectionsforthefirsttimeOurproblemshavemultipliedIV.

根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。Unlikemo795.JennywasillsoIsenthersomeflowersto_____________(使她高兴起来).6.Hansfinally_________________(掌握……的要领)hisjobafterthreemonthsoftraininglastyear.7.Thepopulationofourvillagewas__________________________(他们村人口的两倍).8.Thetopleadersofthetwocountriesareholdingtalks_____________________(在友好的气氛中).cheerherupgotthehangoftwiceaslargeasthatoftheirsinafriendlyatmosphere5.JennywasillsoIsenther80V.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Galaxies(星系)aremadeupofthreemainthings:stars,cloudsofgasanddarkmatter.Darkmattercannotbeseenandscientistsonlyknowthatitexistsbecauseoftheeffectsitsgravityhasonmatter1.___________canbeseen.that/which

V.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号81Onearth,2.__________(physics)suchasthoseattheEuropeanNuclearResearchCentre3.________(base)inGeneva,Switzerland,useparticle(粒子)acceleratorstofindout4._____differenttinyparticlesaremadeupofbyspeedingthemupuntiltheycrashintoeachotherandlookingatthepiecesafterthey’vebroken5.________.physicists

basedwhat

up

Onearth,2.__________(physi82Similarly,byusingdatafromNASA’sHubbleSpaceTelescopeandChandraX-rayObservatory,scientistsarehopingtofindoutmore6.________whatdarkmatterisbylookingatwhathappenswhendarkmatterbumpsintothingsingroupsofgalaxies.Eachbump,however,7.________(take)hundredsofmillionsofyearstotakeplace,sotheyonlyhave8.____chancetolookatonebriefstageinthewholeevent.abouttakes

a

Similarly,byusingdatafrom83Nevertheless,scientistsare9.__________(extreme)hopefulthatbyobservingmanyofthesebumpstheycangetenoughpiecesofthepuzzle10.________(create)amorecompletepictureofwhathappens.extremelytocreateNevertheless,scientistsare984人教课标高一必修3Unit4AstronamyThescienceofthestars课件85Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsUnit4Astronomy:thescience86知识清单知识清单87单词名词与天文及物理相关：astronomy,globe,atmosphere,gravity,satellite,physicist,spaceship,pull与生物及化学相关：atom,carbon,dioxide,acid,oxygen,biology,biologist其它：system,religion,theory,billion,chain,puzzle,climate单名词与天文及物理相关：astronomy,globe,88单词动词multiply,exist,crash,float形容词violent,fundamental,harmful,gentle副词thus介词unlike单动词multiply,exist,crash,flo89短语词汇表intime,layeggs,givebirthto,inone’sturn,prevent...from,blockout,cheerup,nowthat,breakout,watchoutfor课文inalldirections,acloudof,allsortsof,aswellas,forthefirsttime,bedifferentfrom,haveachancetodosth.,makeatrip,onone’sjourney,pushsb.backinto,getthehangof短词intime,layeggs,givebirt90句式1....as+形容词+a(n)+名词+as...例句：Whenwegetclosertothemoon,weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus,butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth’s.2.nowthat引导原因状语从句例句：“Oh,dear,”

Icried,

“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”语法主语从句句1....as+形容词+a(n)+名词+as..911.__________n.系统;体系;制度2.__________n.学说;理论3.__________n.大气层;气氛4.__________prep.不同;不像5.__________n.链子;连锁;锁链systemtheoryatmosphereunlikechain(一)基本单词单词1.__________n.系统;体系;制度sy926._________n.气候7.________vi.&vt.碰撞;坠落8.________n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力9.________vi.&vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮

n.漂浮物climatecrashpullfloat6._________n.气候climatecras9310.________adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的________n.暴力11._________adj.有害的_________n.伤害;害处12._________vi.存在;生存_________n.存在;生存violentviolence(二)派生单词harmfulharmexistexistence10.________adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴9413.________n.谜;难题

vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难_________adj.令人迷惑的_________adj.迷惑的puzzlepuzzlingpuzzled13.________n.谜;难题puzzlepu951.及时;终于2.下蛋3.产生;分娩4.轮到某人;接着5.阻止;制止intimelayeggsgivebirthtoinone’sturnprevent…from短语1.及时;终于intimelayeggsgive966.感到高兴;感到振奋7.既然8.突发;爆发9.密切注视;当心;提防10.挡住(光线)cheerupnowthatbreakoutwatchoutforblockout6.感到高兴;感到振奋cheerupnowthat971.Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago. 没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始形成的,因为在很早以前它就形成了。

as引导的从句表示原因。句式1.Nooneknowsexactlyhowth982.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道,直到38-45亿年前,这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。

what引导主语从句。2.Whatitwastobecomewasu993.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能开始发展了。

makeit＋adj./n.forsb./sth.todosth.3.Thisproducedachainreact1004....,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.…,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。

timesas...as...是……的几倍4....,IfoundIwascarried101核心要点核心要点1021.violent

adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的

(课文原句)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatiswasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.

翻译：地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。单词1.violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的103【归纳】violentcrime暴力犯罪【拓展】

violentlyadv.

猛烈地;激烈地

violencen.

暴力;暴行【归纳】1042.harmful

adj.有害的

harmn.伤害,损害

(课文原句)Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.

翻译：很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性特质溶解在海洋里。2.harmfuladj.有害的105【归纳】

beharmfulto对……有害

doharmto…损害……

Thereisnoharmindoingsth./Itdoesnoharmtodosth.做某事没有什么坏处。【归纳】1063.exist

vi.存在;生存

(课文原句)Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.

翻译：它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。3.existvi.存在;生存107【归纳】

existon靠……为生

existby以……方式为生

existin存在于……之中

Thereexists/existed...某地有……;存在【拓展】

existingadj.现有的，现存的

existencen.存在;生存

comeintoexistence产生;成立;开始存在

inexistence存在【归纳】1084.puzzle

vt.使迷惑;使为难;使窘困;感到迷惑

n.(游戏的)猜谜;难题;谜

(课文原句)Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.(P27)

翻译：地球上的生命是如何开始的，科学家发现很难解释这个最大的难题。4.puzzlevt.使迷惑;使为难;使窘困;感109【归纳】

puzzleover/aboutsth.苦苦思索;仔细琢磨

puzzlesth.out琢磨出……的答案【拓展】

puzzledadj.迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人)

puzzlingadj.令人迷惑不解的(常用来修饰事物)【归纳】 1105.crash

vt.&vi.碰撞；坠落(课文原句)thatacometcrashedintotheearthlongagoandcausedthedisappearance(P29)

翻译：一颗彗星很久以前撞上了地球，导致了它的消失5.crashvt.&vi.碰撞；坠落111【归纳】★crash作名词时，意为：①坠毁，猛撞；②碰撞声，破裂声；③暴跌，倒闭，失败；④（计算机系统的）崩溃。如：Morethanonehundredpeoplewerekilledintheplanecrash.Thevaselandedonthefloorwithacrash.Whenthemarketcrashed,theyassumedthedealwouldbecancelled.Acomputercrashisvery