高考英语阅读理解题型及技巧-课件

阅读理解

题型及技巧

1.AgiantdamwasbuiltmanyyearsagotocontroltheColoradoRiverintheU.S.Thisdamwasbuilttoprotectthelandandhousesaroundtheriver.

ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad，whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside.Theelevatorgoesdownforty-fourstoriesfromtheroadtothebottom.ThereisenoughconcreteinthisdamtobuildahighwayfromNewYorktoSanFrancisco.Thousandsofpeopleworkedonthisdamforfiveyears.

ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam，oneofthehighestdamsintheworld，issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.Q：HooverDamlies______.A.betweenArizonaandNevada

B.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFrancisco D.bothAandB

2.InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian,hostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight”，MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.

BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.“It’sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon’tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow,Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime,inShanghai,I'dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience,"saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.

B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.

C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.

D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.3、

(08北京D)WhenIlivedforatimeinLondon,Ihadafriend.Hewasindespair(失望)andIwasindespair.Butourfriendshipwasbasedontheideaineachofusthatwewouldbesorrylaterifwedidnotexplorethisgreatcitybecausewehadfeltbadatthetime.WemeteverySundayforfiveweeksandfoundmanyexcellentthings.Wewalkeduntilourdespairsdisappearedandthenweparted.WegaveLondontoeachother.Q:“WegaveLondontoeachother.”probablymeans______A.ourexplorationofLondonwasamemorablegifttobothofusB.wewereunwillingtotearourselvesawayfromLondonC.ourunpleasantfeelingsaboutLondondisappearedD.wepartedwitheachotherinLondon.4.

Somepeopleareneverright.Theyneverhavegoodluck.Theyusuallydothewrongthingandsaythewrongthing.AndevenifwhattheysayordoisOK，theyasarulesayitordoitatthewrongtime.Sothesepeoplealwayshaveproblems.Theyoftenbreakdishes.Theysometimesmissbusesandairplanes.Mr.Neffisdifferent.Heisalwaysright.Heisneverwrong.Heusuallyhasgoodluck.Heseldomhasproblems.Heneverbreaksdishes.Henevermissesbusesorairplanes.Evenifhedoesmissthem，itisalwaysthefaultofthebusesorairplanes.Mr.Neffknowsalmosteverything.Hedoesn’taskquestions；heanswersquestions.Heneversays，“Idon’tknow.”Q：Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter’sattitudetoMr.Neff? A.HefindsMr.Neffhardtounderstand. B.HethinksMr.Neffwonderful. C.HefeelspityforMr.Neff. D.HedoesnotlikeMr.Neff.

Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.Suchapersonisnotreallyathief.Theyaresickandcannothelpthemselves.Allsmallchildrenactnaturallyandastheygrowuptheynormallylearntocontroltheiractions.Peoplewithkleptomaniaforcertainmedicalreasonshavefailedtodevelopcontrolovertheirdesiretotakethingsthatdonotbelongtothem.Withmedicalhelptheymaybecomenormalcitizensagain.Thethingsthatakleptomaniacstealsareseldomofgreatvalue.Theyoftengiveawaywhattheyhavestolenorcollectobjectswithoutusingthem.5Q:Whatisthetopicofthetext?A.YoungThieves.B.AnUnusualIllness.C.ReasonsforStealingD.ANormalChild’sActions.

Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.Suchapersonisnotreallyathief.Theyaresickandcannothelpthemselves.Allsmallchildrenactnaturallyandastheygrowuptheynormallylearntocontroltheiractions.Peoplewithkleptomaniaforcertainmedicalreasonshavefailedtodevelopcontrolovertheirdesiretotakethingsthatdonotbelongtothem.Withmedicalhelptheymaybecomenormalcitizensagain.Thethingsthatakleptomaniacstealsareseldomofgreatvalue.Theyoftengiveawaywhattheyhavestolenorcollectobjectswithoutusingthem.56、（08天津B）

Ilovecharity(慈善)shopsandsodolotsofotherpeopleinBritainbecauseyoufindquiteafewofthemoneveryhighstreet.ThecharityshopisaBritishinstitution,sellingeverythingfromclothesfoelectricgoods,allatverygoodprices.Youcangetthingsyouwon’tfindintheshopsanymore.ThethingsIlikebestaboutthemisthatyourmoneyisgoingtoagoodcauseandnotintothepocketsofprofit-drivencompanies,andyouarenotdamagingtheplanet,butfindinganewhomeforunwantedgoods.Q:Theauthorlovesthecharityshopmainlybecauseof_____A.itsconvenientlovationB.itsgreatvarietyofgoods.C.itsspiritofgoogwillD.itsniceshoppingenvironment阅读理解常见题型归纳：1.细节题（直接/间接）2.生词/词组意思猜测3.指代4.作者写作意图、态度5.主旨大意6.事由细节理解推断理解占阅读理解总分的80%左右。一、细节理解题(事实题）1、直接事实题：2、间接事实题：先阅读题干，确定读材料的时候要查找的细节及事实的范围，然后利用略读的手法找出出处。需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。7、（08浙江A）Adrian’s“AmazingRace”startedearlywhenhisparentsrealizedthathe,asababy,couldn’thearathing,notevenloudnoises.Inaspecialschoolforthehearing-impaired(听觉受损的),helearnedsignlanguageandgottomixwithotherdisabledchildren.However,thesightofallthedisabledchildrencommunicationwithoneanotherupsethismother.Shewantedhimtoleadanormallife.Soafterspeakingtoanadvisor,shesenthimtoprivateclasseswherehelearnedtoreadlipsandpronouncewords.

Q:HowdidAdriancommunicatewithotherchildreninthespecialschool?A.ByspeakingB.ByusingsignlanguageC.ByreadinglipsD.Bymakingloudnoises8、(08淄博二摸)Itisthekindofconsiderationthatincreasingnumbersofparentsaremaking,withweeksnowspentwithlistsofsuggestednames,studyinghoweachsounds,howitlooksonpaper,howitisthoughtof,and,mostimportant,whetheritwillbesettingupthereceiverforsuccess,failure,orridiculeinlaterlife.Parentsaretakingnamingmoreseriously,butthentherearethosewhomistakenlyhaveshisideathattheyhavetochooseuniquenamestotheirchildrenandarespendingalotoftimeandefforthuntingdownorcreatingthem,whenresearchshowsthatlesscommonnameshavelessimpact.

Q:Whichofthefollowingisnotright?A。Parentswanttheirchildren’snametobesociallyaccepted.B。Parentswanttheirchildren’snametobegood-looking.C。Parentswanttheirchildren’snametosoundbeautiful.D。Parentswanttheirchildren’snametobecommon

二、词义/词组推断/指代题

做此类题时，应尽可能地利用问题所在的（附近）上下文来猜测，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需依靠常识和经验。Whenthesecondplanecrashedintothebuilding,Ihappenedtobequarrellingwithmywife.Westopped,astonished……Theastonishingandterrifying911attack10.(2008年安徽卷C篇)[原文]Climbingattractspeoplebecauseitisgoodexerciseforalmosteveryone.Youuseyourwholebody,especiallyyourarmsandlegs.Thissportgivesyourbodyacompleteworkout.66.Theword“workout"underlinedinthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans_____.

A.settlementB.exerciseC.excitementD.tiredness

Whenyouclimb,bothyourmindandyourbodycanbecomestronger.

三、主旨判断题：

做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。一般包括：短文标题、主题、大意或作者写作意图

其次:要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。段落中心思想常常由主题句(Topicsentence)来表达。主题句常常出现在段首(60%--90%)或段尾处,有时也在段落中间。同样,一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此,在阅读中,我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。10、(08海南A)LastweekmyyoungestsonandIvisitedmyfatherathisnewhomeinTucson,Arizona.Myearliestmemoriesofmyfatherareofasuccessfulmandevotedtohisworkandfamily,butuncomfortablewithhischildren.Onthefirstdayfomyvisit,wewentoutwithoneofmyfather’sfriendsforlunchatanoutdoorcafe.Wewalkedalongthatafternoon,didsomeshopping,ateonthestreettable,andlaughedovermyson’sfunnyfacialexpressions.Gonewasmyfather’scritical(挑剔的)airandstrictrules.WhowasthispersonIknewasmyfather,whoseemedsofriendlyandinterestingtobearound?Whathadheldhimbackbefore?

Q:WhatdoestheautherthinkofherfatherafterhervisittoTucson?A.MorecriticalB.MoretalkativeC.GentleandfriendlyD.Strictandhard-workingNotmentioned11

Youdreameachnight,eventhoughyoumaynotrememberyourdreams.Whileyoudreamyoureyesmoveandyourheartbeatsfaster.Evenyourbrain-wavepatternchanges.Somescientiststhinkthatdreamingisimportantforthesakeofhealth.Theyclaimthatwithoutdream,peoplewouldgocrazy.

Q:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytells?A.HowpeoplestayhealthyB.HowsleepisnecessaryC.WhydreamsareimportantD.Whenpeopleremembertheirdreams四、事由推理判断题：

技巧：找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。

注意：不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点

2.InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian,hostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight”，MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.

BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.“It’sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon’tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow,Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime,inShanghai,I'dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience,"saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.

B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.

C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.

D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.12、(08四川A)

Oneofmyfriends,Tracy,camebackfromIndiawihanewideaofwhatbeingavolunteermeans.“IfirstheardaboutMotherTeresainmyhighschool.Wewatchedavideo(录像)aboutherworkinIndiaandallovertheworld.IwassomovedbyherspirittohelpothersandherendlessloveforeveryhumanbeingthatafterIgraduatedfromhighschool,Itoowantedtotryherkindofwork.SowithtwofriendsIflewtoCalcuttaforafewweeks.”

Q:WhydidTracychoosetobeavolunteer?A.ShelikedtoworkwithMotherTeresa.B.Shehadalreadyhadsomeexperience.C.ShewasaskedbyMotherTeresatodoso.D．ShewantedtofollowMotherTeresa’sexample.山东英语考试说明中要求：理解主旨要义；理解文中具体信息；根据上下文推断生词（词组）的词义；作出简单判断和推理；理解文中的基本结构；理解作者的意图和态度。PRACTICEPracticeMakesPerfect

Notclearlyclassified;

designedinamixedway熟能生巧13(08山东D)MelissaPoewas9yearsoldwhenshebeganacampaignforacleanerenvironmentbywritingalettertothethenPresidentBush.Throughherownefforts,herletterwasreproducedonover250donatedbillboards(广告牌)acrossthecountry.TheresponsetoherrequestforhelpwassohugethatPoeestablishedKidsForACleanerEnvironment(KidsF.A.C.E.)in1989.Therearenow300,000membersofKidsF.A.C.E.worldwideanditistheworld’slargestyouthenvironmentalorgannization.PoehasalsoaskedtheNationalParkServicetocarryouta“Children’sForest”projectineverynationalpark.In1992,shewasinvitedasoneofonlysixchildrenintheworldtospeakattheEarthSummitinBrazilaspartoftheVoicesoftheFutureProgram.In1993,shewasgivenaCaringAwardforhereffortsbytheCaringInstitute.

Q1.KidsF.A.C.E.is_______.A.programtohelpstudentswithwritingB.aprojectoflitterrecyclingC.acampaignlaunchedbyPresidentBushD.aclubofenvironmentalprotention

Q2:WhatcanwelearnaboutPoe?A.ShewasawardedaprizeinBrazil.B.Shedonatedbillboardsacrossthecountry.C.Shegotpositiveresponsesforherefforts.D.ShejoinedtheNationalParkService.13(08山东D)MelissaPoewas9yearsoldwhenshebeganacampaignforacleanerenvironmentbywritingalettertothethenPresidentBush.Throughherownefforts,herletterwasreproducedonover250donatedbillboards(广告牌)acrossthecountry.TheresponsetoherrequestforhelpwassohugethatPoeestablishedKidsForACleanerEnvironment(KidsF.A.C.E.)in1989.Therearenow300,000membersofKidsF.A.C.E.worldwideanditistheworld’slargestyouthenvironmentalorgannization.PoehasalsoaskedtheNationalParkServicetocarryouta“Children’sForest”projectineverynationalpark.In1992,shewasinvitedasoneofonlysixchildrenintheworldtospeakattheEarthSummitinBrazilaspartoftheVoicesoftheFutureProgram.In1993,shewasgivenaCaringAwardforhereffortsbytheCaringInstitute.14、（08浙江C）

ABrownUniversitysleepresearcherhassomeadviceforpeoplewhorunhighshcools:Don’tstartclassessoearlyinthemorning.Itmaynotbethatthestudentswhonodoffattheirdesksarelazy.Anditmaynotbethattheirparentshavefailedtoenforce(确保)bedtime.Instead,itmaybethatbiologicallythesesleepheadstudentsaren’tusedtotheearlyhour.Q:Theunderlinedphrase“nodoff”mostprobablymeans______A.turnaroundB.agreewithothersC.fallasleepD.refusetowork.Commonsense15、（08重庆E）

Almosteverydaywecomeacrosssituationsinwhichwehavetomakedecisionsonewayoranother.Choice,wearegiventobelieve,isaright.Butforagoodmanypeopleintheworld,inrichorpoorcountries,ch