1991-2012年考研英语历年真题打印版

1991年考研英语(一)试题

SectionIIReadingComprehension

Directions:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefouranswersmarkedA.,[B]fC.and[DJ.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(30points)Text1Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.DayafterdaymymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.Akeyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatitis:accountability.Accountabilityisn'thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether—honesty,kindness,andsoon—accountabilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolaw-and,ultimately,nosociety.Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilityonpeoplewhorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople'sbehaviorarefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities-smallertowns,usually-whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim:*4Inthisfamilycertainthingsarenottolerated-theysimplyarenotdone!”Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasnone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it'sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn'tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparentswhodidn'tprovideastablehome.Idon'tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,webecomeasocietyofendlessexcuseswherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat.it'sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceofevilit'scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothingaboutitit'sonlynaturalforvirtuetodefeatevilit'sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevilAccordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrime,.A.societyistobeheldresponsible B.moderncivilizationisresponsibleforitC.thecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblame D.thestandardsoflivingshouldbeimprovedComparedwiththoseinsmalltowns,peopleinlargecitieshave.A.lessself-discipline B.bettersenseofdisciplineC.moremutualrespect D.lesseffectivegovernmentThewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat.peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminalspeopleinsmalltownsstillsticktoolddisciplineandstandardstoday'ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficultypeopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedincriminalactivitiesThekeypointofthepassageisthat.stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsandfamiliesmoregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollowmorerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople'sbehaviormorepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountabilityText2Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety'sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone'slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.ExamplesofthistypeofchangearcthedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.Inmodemsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandtherenolongerisagreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduationconstitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheeducationalambitionoftheindividual.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatusroles,rights,privilegesandresponsibilities.Itisduringthenineyearsfromthetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-firstthattheprotectiveandrestrictiveaspectsofchildhoodandminorstatusareremovedandadultprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted.Thetwelve-year-oldisnolongerconsideredachildandhastopayfullfarefbrtrain,airplane,theaterandmovietickets.Basically,theindividualatthisageloseschildhoodprivilegeswithoutgainingsignificantadultrights.Attheageofsixteentheadolescentisgrantedcertainadultrightswhichincreaseshissocialstatusbyprovidinghimwithmorefreedomandchoices.Henowcanobtainadriver'slicense;hecanleavepublicschools;andhecanworkwithouttherestrictionsofchildlaborlaws.Attheageofeighteenthelawprovidesadultresponsibilitiesaswellasrights;theyoungmancannowbeasoldier,buthealsocanmarrywithoutparentalpermission.Attheageoftwenty-onetheindividualobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanadult.Henowcanvote,hecanbuyliquor,hecanenterintofinancialcontracts,andheisentitledtorunfbrpublicoffice.Noadditionalbasicrightsareacquiredasafunctionofageaftermajoritystatushasbeenattained.Noneoftheselegalprovisionsdetermineatwhatpointadulthoodhasbeenreachedbuttheydopointtotheprolongedperiodofadolescence.Theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerinindustrialsocietiesbecause.thedefinitionofmaturityhaschangedtheindustrializedsocietyismoredevelopedmoreeducationisprovidedandlawsagainstchildlaboraremadeceremoniesfbradolescencehavelosttheirfbnnalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceFormersocialceremoniesthatusedtomarkadolescencehavegivenplaceto.A.graduationsfromschoolsandcolleges B.socialrecognitionC.socio-economicstatus D.certainbehavioralchangesNoonecanexpecttofullyenjoytheadulthoodprivilegesuntilheis.A.elevenyearsold B.sixteenyearsoldC.twenty-oneyearsold D.betweentwelveandtwenty-oneyearsoldStartingfrom22,.onewillobtainmorebasicrightstheolderonebecomes,themorebasicrightshewillhaveonewon'tgetmorebasicrightsthanwhenheis21onewillenjoymorerightsgrantedbysocietyAccordingtothepassage,helate19thcenturyintheUnitedStatesthedividinglinebetweenadolescenceandadulthoodnolongerexistedB.noonecanmarrywithoutthepermissionofhisparentsuntiltheageoftwenty-oneoneisconsideredtohavereachedadulthoodwhenhehasadriver'slicenseoneisnotfreefromtherestrictionsofchildlaborlawsuntilhecanjointhearmyText3Mostgrowingplantscontainmuchmorewaterthanallothermaterialscombined.C.R.Barneshassuggestedthatitisaspropertotermtheplantawaterstructureastocallahousecomposedmainlyofbrickabrickbuilding.Certainitisthatallessentialprocessesofplantgrowthanddevelopmentoccurinwater.Themineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmustbedissolvedinthesoilsolutionbeforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.Theyarecarriedtoallpartsofthegrowingplantandarebuiltintoessentialplantmaterialswhileinadissolvedstate.Thecarbondioxide(CO2)fromtheairmayentertheleafasagasbutisdissolvedinwaterintheleafbeforeitiscombinedwithapartofthewatertoformsimplesugars-thebasematerialfromwhichtheplantbodyismainlybuilt.Activelygrowingplantpartsaregenerally75to90percentwater.Structuralpartsofplants,suchaswoodystemsnolongeractivelygrowing,mayhavemuchlesswaterthangrowingtissues.Theactualamountofwaterintheplantatanyonetime,however,isonlyaverysmallpartofwhatpassesthroughitduringitsdevelopment.Theprocessesofphotosynthesis,bywhichcarbondioxideandwaterarecombined—inthepresenceofchlorophyll(叶绿素)andwithenergyderivedfromlight-toformsugars,requirethatcarbondioxidefromtheairentertheplant.Thisoccursmainlyintheleaves.Theleafsurfaceisnotsolidbutcontainsgreatnumbersofminuteopenings,throughwhichthecarbondioxideenters.ThesamestructurethatpermitstheonegastoentertheIea£however,pennitsanothergas—watervapor—tobelostfromit.Sincecarbondioxideispresentintheaironlyintracequantities(3to4partsin10,000partsofair)andwatervaporisnearsaturationintheairspaceswithintheleaf(at80°F,saturatedairwouldcontainabout186partsofwatervaporin10,000partsofair),thetotalamountofwatervaporlostismanytimesthecarbondioxideintake.Actually,becauseofwindandotherfactors,thelossofwaterinproportiontocarbondioxideintakemaybeevengreaterthantherelativeconcentrationsofthetwogases.Also,notallofthecarbondioxidethatenterstheleafissynthesizedintocarbohydrates(碳水化合物).Agrowingplantneedswaterforallofthefollowingexcept.A.formingsugars B.sustainingwoodystemsC.keepinggreen D.producingcarbondioxideTheessentialfunctionofphotosynthesisintermsofplantneedsis.A.toformsugars B.toderiveenergyfromlightC.topreservewater D.tocombinecarbondioxidewithwaterThesecondparagraphusesfactstodeveloptheessentialideathat.aplantefficientlyutilizesmostofthewateritabsorbscarbondioxideistheessentialsubstanceneededforplantdevelopmentaplantneedsmorewaterthanisfoundinitscompositionthestrongerthewind,themorethewatervaporlossAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsis「RUE?Themineralelementswillnotbeabsorbedbytheplantunlesstheyaredissolvedinitsroot.Thewoodystemscontainmorewaterthantheleaves.Airexistingaroundtheleafisfoundtobesaturated.Onlypartofthecarbondioxideintheplantsissynthesized.Thispassageismainlyabout.A.thefunctionsofcarbondioxideandwater B.theroleofwaterinagrowingplantC.theprocessofsimplesugarformation D.thesynthesisofwaterwithcarbondioxideSectionIIIClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,BfCandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(15points)Whentelevisionfirstbegantoexpand,veryfewofthepeoplewhohadbecomefamousasradiocommentatorswereabletobeequallyeffectiveontelevision.Someofthedifficultiestheyexperiencedwhentheyweretryingto46themselvestothenewmediumweretechnical.Whenworking47radio,forexample,theyhadbecome 48toseeingonbehalfofthelistener.This49ofseeingforothersmeansthatthecommentatorhastobeverygoodattalking.50all,hehastobeableto51acontinuoussequenceofvisualimageswhich_52meaningtothesoundswhichthelistenerhears.Inthe夕oftelevision,however,thecommentatorseeseverythingwiththeviewer.Hisrole,therefore,is54different.Heistheretomake55 thattheviewerdoesnotmisssomepointofinterest,tohelphim56onparticularthings,andtotheimagesonthetelevisionscreen. 58hisradiocolleague,hemustknowthe59ofsilenceandhowtouseitatthosemoments60thepicturesspeakforthemselves.46.A.turnB.adaptC.alterD.modify47.A.onB.atC.withD.behind48.A.experiencedB.determinedC.establishedD.accustomed49.A.efficiencyB.technologyC.artD.performance50.A.OfB.ForC.AboveD.In51.A.inspireB.createC.causeD.perceive52.A.addB.叩plyC.affectD.reflect53.A.occasionB.eventC.factD.case54.A.equallyB.completelyC.initiallyD.hardly55.A.definiteB.possibleC.sureD.clear56.A.focusB.attendC.followD.insist57.A.exhibitB.demonstrateC.exposeD.interpret58.A.LikeB.UnlikeC.AsD.For59.A.purposeB.goalC.valueD.intentionA.if B.when C.which D.asSectionVEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(15points)Thefactisthattheenergycrisis,whichhassuddenlybeenofficiallyannounced,hasbeenwithusforalongtimenow,andwillbewithusforanevenlongertime.WhetherAraboilflowsfreelyornot,itiscleartoeveryonethatworldindustrycannotbeallowedtodependonsofragileabase.(71)ThesupplyofoilcanbeshutofTunexpectedlyalanytime,andinanycase,theoilwellswillallrundryinthirtyyearsorsoatthepresentrateofuse.Newsourcesofenergymustbefound,andthiswilltaketime,butitisnotlikelytoresultinanysituationthatwilleverrestorethatsenseofcheapandDlentifUlenergywchavehadinthetimespast.Foranindefiniteperiodfromhereon,mankindisgoingtoadvancecautiously,andconsideritselfluckythatitcanadvanceatall.Tomakethesituationworse,thereisasyetnosignthatanyslowingoftheworld'spopulationisinsight.Althoughthebirth-ratehasdroppedinsomenations,includingtheUnitedStates,thepopulationoftheworldseemssuretopasssixbillionandperhapsevensevenbillionasthetwenty-firstcenturyopens.Thefoodsupplywillnotincreasenearlyenoughtomatchthis,whichmeansthatweareheadingintoacrisisinthematterofproducingandmarketingfood.Takingallthisintoaccount,whatmightwereasonablyestimatesupermarketstobelikeintheyear2001?Tobeginwith,theworldfoodsupplyisgoingtobecomesteadilytighteroverthenextthirtyyears—evenhereintheUnitedStates.By2001,thepopulationoftheUnitedStateswillbeatleasttwohundredfiftymillionandpossiblytwohundredseventymillion,andthenationwillfinditdifficulttoexpandfoodproductiontofilltheadditionalmouths.(74)Thiswillbeparticularlytruesinceenergypinchwillmakeitdifficulttocontinueagricultureinthehigh-energyAmericanfhshionthatmakesitpossibletocombinefewfarmerswithhighyields.Itseemsalmostcertainthatby2001theUnitedStateswillnolongerbeagreatfood-exportingnationandthat,ifnecessityforcesexports,itwillbeatthepriceofbelt-tighteningathome.Infact,asfooditemswilltendtodeclineinqualityanddecreaseinvariety,thereisverylikelytobeincreasinguseofflavouringadditives.(75)Untilsuchtimeasmankindhasthesensetoloweritspopulationtothepointwheretheplanetcanprovideacomfortablesupportforall,peoplewillhavetoacceptmore“unnaturalfood”.SectionVWritingDirections:Title:WHERETOLIVE-INTHECITYORTHECOUNTRY?Timelimit:40minutesWordlimit:120-150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence.YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)OUTLINE:ConveniencesofthecityAttractionsofthecountryDisadvantagesofbothMypreference1992年考研英语(一)试题

SectionIIReadingComprehension

Directions:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefouranswersmarkedA.,fB]9C.and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(30points)Text1Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodemlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver'sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfbra“BeKindtoOtherDrivers"campaign,otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmodemtrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modemmotoristscan'tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofboatmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby.A.people'sattitudetowardstheroad-hog B.therhythmofmodemlifeD.trafficconditionsC.thebehaviorofthedriverD.trafficconditionsThesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...therule.^^(Para.1)impliesthat.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotoristsrudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionallythewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hognowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists33.By"goodsense,thewritermeans.thedriver'sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonablythedriver'spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditionsthedriver'stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehaviorthedriver'sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations34.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrificedriversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachotherdriversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselvesdriverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers35.Inthewriter'sopinion,.A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded B.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperlyC.rudedriversshouldbepunished D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjamsText2Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3℃warmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestobumfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationofearth'schieffood-growingzones.Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand“cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertia(惯’性)oftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun'sdiminishingheat.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould.preventthesun'sraysfromreachingtheearth'ssurfacemeanawarmingupintheArcticaccountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphereraisethetemperatureoftheearth'ssurfaceThearticlewaswrittentoexplain.A.thegreenhouseeffect B.thesolareffectsontheearthC.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions D.thecausesaffectingweatherAlthoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefelling.Thisismainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerisingpossiblebecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremeltingexclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth'sclimatepartlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergyOnthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinionthat.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooleritwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth'sclimatetotakeeffecttheman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffectsthenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffectIftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetobummorefuelsicewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemispheretheincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequicklythegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearthText3Somepeoplebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygamestogethertheywilllearntolivetogether.Otherssaythattheoppositeistrue:thatinternationalcontestsencouragefalsenationalprideandleadtomisunderstandingandhatred.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments,butinrecentyearstheOlympicGameshavedonelittletosupporttheviewthatsportsencouragesinternationalbrotherhood.Notonlywastherethetragicincidentinvolvingthemurderofathletes,buttheGameswerealsoruinedbylesserincidentscausedprincipallybyminornationalcontests.Onecountryreceiveditssecond-placemedalswithvisible