2021届北京市朝阳区2018级高三上学期期中考试英语试卷及答案

2021届北京市朝阳区2018级高三上学期期中考试英语试卷★祝考试顺利★（含答案）（考试时间90分钟满分100分）

本试卷共10页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。第一部分：知识运用（共两节,25分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分,共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OneMothertoAnotherOnWednesdayevening，ourdaughter，whowasataboardingschoolover200kilometersaway，toldusthatshehadlostherphonewhenshetookpartinanactivityoffcampus.Werealizedthatwehadlittlechanceoffindingit.Thenextmorning，myphonebeeped（哔哔响）loudly.Akindvoiceannouncedthatshehadsomethingthatbelongedtomydaughter.I1thatIlivedathree-hourdriveaway，andtoldherIwouldaskafriendtofetchthephone.Mydaughterhadwrittenmynumberontheinsideofherphone'scase—goodthinking!AftercontactingthepeopleIknowwholivedneartheschool,Iwasoutof2一noonecouldgoand3thephone,notsurprisinglyasitwastheworkingdayandeveryonewasbusy.Idecidedtoasktheladytopostthephonetomydaughter.ButwhenIsentheratexttoaskifthiswouldbeOK,shereplied,“Wewill4itandwe'regoingtodrivedowntotheboardingschooltonight.”Tomy5,thiswonderfulcouple,whohadalreadyspentabusydayatwork,wasmakingaroundtriponthenight,6forreturningaphonetoacompletestranger.Howtouchingitwas!Igavethemdirectionsandthey7thephoneintothehandsofmydaughteratherboardinghouse.Theonlywordofanexplanationwas,“I'vegotchildrenofmyown,andIknowhowamother8.Wehadthoughtthatthechaneeofgettingbackthephonewas9,butwegotitbackinsuchashorttime.Itwasawonderfulreminderofthegoodintheworldandhowtheactionsofonepersoncan10theworldtoanother.1.A.suggestedB.reportedC.explainedD.argued2.A.dateB.luckC.workD.control3.A.pickupB.carryoutC.handinD.giveaway4.A.findB.showC.missD.take5.A.regretB.surpriseC.amusementD.disappointment6.A.especiallyB.certainlyC.definitelyD.probably7.A.conductedB.arrangedC.deliveredD.identified8.A.doubtsB.interestsC.predictsD.worries9.A.freeB.slimC.hardD.fair10AtellB.faceC.meanD.join第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AIlovemycampusverymuch.IthasalotofbuildingstraditionalinChinesestylebutmoderninequipment.Havingclassesinthemalways__11__(make)mefeelexcitedwiththebusyworldandrelaxedaboutthelonghistoryofournation.Outofthehousesarebeautifulgardens__12__(surround)bytrees.Inthemorning,wereadaloudbythelakeorbehindthehill.TheairissofreshandsweetthatveryoftenIthinkhow__13__(luck)Iamtostudyinsuchabeautifulcampus.Whalesusesoundtogetinformationaroundthem.Byconstantly__14__(send)out

soundsthathitunderwaterobjectsandcomeback,whalesreceiveinformation.Thiswayofusingsoundiscalledsonar.Recently,scientistshavefoundthatwhales__15__(harm)bythepowerfulsonarcomingfromships.Thisproblemisbeingstudied,andpeople'slevelofawarenessoftheproblemis__16__(high)thaneverbefore.Nowshipsaroundtheworldaretryingtobemorecarefulwhenusingsonar.CRuleshelpuslivetogetherinacommunity.Atmylocalpark,thereisasignthatreads,“Keepoffthegrass.”Becauseourcommunityhasaneedforanicegreenspace__17__(relax),weareexpectedtokeepourparkcleanandingoodconditionforeveryone'senjoyment.Ifonepersonbreakstherules,morepeople__18__(follow)himanddowhattheywant.Inacommunity,rulesareinplacetoprotecteveryone.Whatwedoand__19__weactaffecteveryone,notjustourselves.Weneedrulesinordertolive__20__(safe).第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分,共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项AArbeiaRomanFort(城堡)andMuseumLocationandHistoryArbeiaRomanFortissituatedonWall.ItwasthemostimportantstructuretheRomansinBritain,andnowithasbeenHeritage(遗产)Site.BuiltaroundAD160,RomanFortwasthemilitarysupplybaseforthesoldierswhowerestationedalongHadrian'sWall.Theforthasbeengraduallyuncoveredandsomeoriginalpartshavebeenrevealed.TherearereconstructionsthatshowhowArbeiaRomanFortwouldhavelooked.TheReconstructionsThereconstructionsoftheCommandingOfficer'shouseandsoldiers'quartersarestrikinglydifferent.TheaccommodationforsoldiersisdarkanduncomfortablewhiletheCommandingOfficer'shouseisspaciousandluxurious,withcourtyardswithfountainsforhimandhisfamilytoenjoy.TheMuseumVisitthemuseumandseemanyobjectsthatwerefoundatArbeia.Theyarehistoricallyimportantandshowwhatdailylifewasreallylikeatthattime.Youwillseeweapons,tools,jewellery,andsoon.YoucanalsodiscoverhowtheRomansburiedtheirdeadandseetombstones（墓碑）whichsurvivetothisday.Thereisa“hands-on”areaallowingvisitorstodigonacertainsiteandstudytheirfindingswiththehelpofmuseumstaff.Youcanpiecetogetherpottery（陶器）,ortrywritingjustastheRomanswouldhavedone.Forchildren,theycanbuildthisancientRomanfortwithbuildingblocksbythemselves.■[■・■■■■■■・■■■■[■・■■■■■■・■■■■[■・■■■OpeningTimesandGettingThereTOC\o"1-5"\h\ziiApril1-October31:iiiiMondaytoSaturday10:00am-5:00pm,Sunday2:00pm-5:00pm.■iiiiiiNovember1-March31:iiMondaytoSaturday11:00am-4:00pm,closedSunday.（ClosedDecember25-26andJanuary；iih）!IiiiiiiEntryisfree.iiArbeiaisonlyaten-minutewalkfromthebusstationatSouthShields.Freecar-iiii■parknearby.■iiiiiiiiWebsite:iiwww.t/r/.uk/arbeiaiiAccordingtothepassage,ArbeiaRomanFort.A.wasrelatedtothemilitarygotreconstructionsaroundAD160

A.wasrelatedtothemilitarywasbuiltinasmallareainRomeD.providedacomfortablelifeforsoldiersWhatcanvisitorsdointhemuseum?A.SeehistoricalobjectsC.WritetoancientRomans.Buildtombstonesforthedead.A.SeehistoricalobjectsC.WritetoancientRomans.23.WhattimedoesArbeiaRomanFortclose?A.OnApril1B.OnOctober31.C.OnNovember1.D.OnDecember23.WhattimedoesArbeiaRomanFortclose?A.OnApril1B.OnOctober31.C.OnNovember1.D.OnDecember26.Learningtosayyes,and”WhenIfirstheardabouttheimprovisation（即兴交流）class,Iwashesitating.Asaquietandshygirl,Ifearedimprovisinginfrontofstrangers.However,IknewIwantedtoworkasasciencecommunicatorafterfinishingmyPh.D.,soitseemedlikeaperfectopportunitytolearnhowtospeakandcommunicatewithotherseffectively.Isignedup,knowingtheexperiencewouldgivemehelp.Duringourfirstclass,welearnedanimportantconceptofimprovisiaotn:“yes,and.”Itmeansthat,asimprovisers,we'dbetteracceptwhatfellowperformerssay.Ifsomeonesaysthatrhinos（犀牛）arelibrarians,forexample,thenrhinosarelibrarians.Wedonotquestionthelogic;wesay“yes”andthencontinuewiththesceneasifnothingiswrong.Thefirstfewsceneswerehard,butasweeksturnedintomonths,Ibecamemorecomfortableandevenstartedtoenjoyourclasses.Ibecamebetteratlistening,relatingtomyconversationpartners,andcommunicatingclearlyinthemoment.OncewhenIwasgivingapresentationaboutmyscience,anaudiencemembersurprisedmewithaquestionthatdidn'tgrowoutoftheinformationI'dpresented.Insteadofgettingconfusedandnervous,Itookthe“yes,and”approach—acceptingthequestionandlettingmymindfocusonwhyitwasasked.Thathelpedmefindanappropriateanswer.Igotprettyexcitedaboutit.Thebenefitsofimprovisationgobeyondcommunication.Beforeattendingtheclass,Iwouldgetstuckwhenmyexperimentsproducedunexpecteddata,thinkingthatIhadmadeamistake.Butnow,insteadofgettingdiscouraged,Iwillstayopentothepossibilitythattheresultsarereal,keepexploringthedataandendupidentifyinganewtypeofcell—onethatisn'tbehavingasexpected.Ithinkallscientistscanbenefitfromthislesson.Ifthedatasayrhinosarelibrarians,thenit'sworthfindingoutwhetherrhinosare,infact,librarians.Asscientists,ourjobisn'ttochallengedatathatsupportapreconceived（先入为主的）story,buttosay“yes,and.”Whydidtheauthorattendtheimprovisationclass?Togetadifferentexperience.TofinishherPh.D.atuniversity.Togiveupherjobasasciencecommunicator.Toimproveherspeakingandcommunicatingability.Whatwastheauthor'schangeafterattendingtheimprovisationclass?Sheformedherownideaquickly.Shecameupwithlotsofcreativeresponses.Shepaidmoreattentiontothelogicofanswers.Shebecameagoodlistenerbeforegivinganopinion.Theauthormentionsapplyingthe“yes,and”approachtoherscientificexperimentsto.explaintheprocessofusingthemethodprovethebenefitsoftheimprovisationclassshareherownresearchexperienceswithreadersattractfellowscientiststoattendtheimprovisationclassWhatcanbeinferredaboutscientistsfromthelastparagraph?Theyshouldattendtheimprovisationclass.Theyshouldquestionallpreconceivedideas.Theyshouldcarryonresearchbyadmittingearlierdata.Theyshouldtrytoimprovetheirprofessionalknowledge.CSuccessandRiskinExtremeSportsWhatisitthatdrivessometotakeextremerisks,whiletherestofushurryforthesafetyofthesidelines?LesterKeller,sports-psychologyexpert,saysthatnoteveryonehasthementalmakeuptodowellinextremesports.Henotesthatmostofushitanaturalceilingthatlimitsourappetiteforextremeriskintrickyconditions.Butothershaveamuchhighertoleranceforrisk.Kellerpointstoatopskiracer.HetoldKellerthat“thehighelementofriskmakesyoufeelalive,testswhatyouaremadeofandhowfaryoucantakeyourself”.Hesaidhewouldgetnervousonsomeofthecourses,butthatthiswouldjustmakehimfightmore.Psychologistsnotethatsomepeopleseemtohaveastrongdesireforadrenaline（肾上腺素）rushesasabehaviorseekingexcitedfeelings.Likemanyextremeathletes,EmilyCook'sappetiteforriskappearedatayoungage.“Iwasagymnast,”shesaid.“Iwasoneofthosekidswhoenjoyedanddidwellatanythingwhereyouwereupsidedown.”Asshestarteddoinghardertricks,shewasdrawntothechallenge.“Therearemomentswhenyou'reuptheredoinganewtrickanditseemslikeanimpossiblething.Butovercomingthatisjustthecoolestfeelingintheworld.”ShaneMurphy,sportsprofessor,hasworkedwithgroupsclimbingEverest.“Tome,thatjustseemsliketheheightofrisk,”hesaid.“Buttothemitwasthenextstepinanactivitythatthey'vepreparedforyears.”Murphysaidtheviewofextremeathletesisdifferentfromourown.“Welookatariskysituationandknowthatifwewereinthatsituationwewouldbeoutofcontrol.Butformtheathletes'view,theyhavealotofcontrol,andtherearemanythingsthattheydotominimizerisk.”Anotheraspectofriskperception认知）maybesomethingreferredtoas“theflow”,astateinwhichmanyathletesbecomeabsorbedintheactsthatfocusthemindcompletelyonthepresent.“Somethingthatmakesyoutrydoingatougherclimbthanusual,perhaps,isthatyouradrenalineflowsandyoubecomeveryconcentratedonwhatyou'redoing,”Murphysays.“Afterit'sover,there'sgreatexcitement.”Peopleofdifferentskilllevelsexperiencetheflowatdifferenttimes.Somemayalwaysbedriventoadventuresthatothersconsiderextreme.“Icanenjoyhittingatennisballaround,becausethat'smyskilllevel,”Murphysays.“ButothersmightneedthechallengeofOlympiccompetition.”Byusingtheterm“naturalceiling”inParagraph2,LesterKellerpointsoutthat.extremeathletesmustlearnspecialskillsextremeathleteshavechancestotakerisksmanypeopledon'twanttodoextremesportsmanypeoplecan'tlimitdesireforextremesportsWhatdoesShaneMurphythinkaboutthemountainclimbershementions?Theyputinlotsofpreparationforchallenges.Theyaremorefortunatethanothersportspeople.Theycarrylittleriskwhenfacingbigchallenges.Theyhavespecialreasonsthatotherscan'teasilyunderstand.WhatmainpointismadeinParagraph5?Extremeathletesusetechniquesotherpeopledon'tuse.Non-athletesareprobablywisenottotryextremesports.Mostpeoplelackthefocusrequiredtotakebiggerrisks.Acertainstateofmindmakesattemptinganactivitymorelikely.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.risk-takingissomethingyoueithernaturallydooravoidthosewhotakerisksaremorelikelytobesuccessfulinlifeextremeathletesaredrivenbyaneedtobebetterthanotherstakingpartinextremesportsisnotasdifficultaspeoplethinkRoundandRoundTheyGoSpaceisbecomingmorecrowded.Quiteafewlow-Earth-orbit（LEO）satelliteshavebeenlaunchedintothesky,whicharedesignedtomovearoundtheEarthonlyafewhundredkilometresaboveitssurface.SpaceXandOneWebplantolaunchLEOsatellitesintheirthousands,nothundreds,todoublethetotalnumberofsatellitesinorbit（轨道）by2027.ThatpromisestochangethingsonEarth.LEOsatellitescanbringInternetconnectivitytoplaceswhereitisstillunavailable.Thiswillalsobeasourceofnewdemandforthespaceeconomy.MorganStanley,abank,projectsthatthespaceindustrywillgrowfrom$350billionin2016tomorethan$1.1trillionby2040.NewInternetsatelliteswillaccountforhalfthisincrease.Forthattohappen,however,threeworriesmustbeovercome.Debris（碎片）isthemostfamiliarconcern.Whenenoughsatelliteswerepackedintolow-Earthorbits,anycollision（碰撞）couldcauseachainreactionwhichwouldeventuallydestroyallspaceships.OnesolutionistograbthesatelliteswithproblemsandpullthemdownintotheEarth'satmosphere.Anotheristomonitorspacemorecloselyfordebris.Buttechnologyisonlypartoftheanswer.Rulesareneededtodealwitholdsatellitessafelyfromlow-Earthorbits.Cyber（网络的）-securityisasecond,Iong-standingworry.Hackers（黑客）couldtakecontrolofasatelliteandstealintellectualproperty,redirectdataflowsorcauseacollision.Thesatelliteindustryhasbeenslowtorespondtosuchconcerns.Butasmoreoftheworld'spopulationcomestorelyonthespaceforaccesstotheInternet,theneedforactionwillintensify.Measureswillsurelybetakentoprotectnetworksecurity.Thethirdissuefollowsfromthefirsttwo.Ifthereisasimplemistakeoracyber-attack,itmaycauseachainreactionwhichwipesouthundredsofbillionsofdollarsofinvestment.Whoisresponsibleforthat?Nowtheplansoffirmswishingtooperatelargenumbersofsatellitesarebeingstudied.Butthereisalongwaytogobeforetherisksarewellunderstood,letalonepriced.Asspacebecomesmorecommercialized,mind-bendingprospectsopenup:packagesmovedacrosstheplanetinminutesbyrocketratherthanbyplane,equipmentsenttoothersmallplanets,passengerslaunchedintoorbitandbeyond.Allthatandmoremaycome,oneday.ButsuchactivitieswouldraisethesamequestionsasLEOsatellitesdo.Theymustbeansweredbeforethespaceeconomycantrulydevelop.WhatcanwelearnaboutLEOsatellitesfromthepassage?Theyaresupposedtolimitthespaceeconomy.Theyareexpectedtoincreaseinlargenumbers.TheyaredesignedtomovebeyondtheEarthasfaraspossible.TheyaremainlyintendedtobringInternetconnectivitytoremoteareas.Todealwithdebrisinspace,theauthorsuggests.dependingentirelyonthemoderntechnologymonitoringthemovementofspaceshipscarefullystrengtheningrulestoremoveoldsatellitessafelydestroyingallthesatelliteswithproblemsinstantlyWhatdoestheunderlinedword“intensify”inParagraph4probablymean?Measure.B.Increase.C.Spread.D.Repeat.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthelaunchofLEOsatellites?A.Itshouldbefurtherconfirmedforitsownership.Itshouldbecontinuedbecauseofitsadvantages.Itshouldbedonecarefullytoavoidpotentialrisks.Itshouldbestoppedinfaceofthespaceeconomy.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分,共10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。OurAmazingHandsThehandiswherethemindmeetstheworld.Weuseourhandstobuildfires,toflyairplanes,andtowrite.Thehumanbrain,withitsopen-endedcreativity,maybethethingthatmakesthehumanraceunique.Butwithouthands,alltheideaswethinkupwouldcometonothing.36Studyitcarefully,youwillfindsomethinginteresting.Thethumb（拇指）aloneiscontrolledbynineseparatemuscles.Thewristisagroupofbonesandmusclesconnectedwithnerves（神经）.Thenervessendbranchesintoeachfingertip,whichmakesthefingersextremelyflexible.37Earlyhandsseemedmoreunusualandinterestingthananyhandtoday.Someanimalshadsevenfingers.Othershadeight.Butbythetimevertebrates（脊椎动物）appeared340millionyearsago,thehandhaddevelopedtoonlyfivefingers.38Nevertheless,therearestillmanydifferenttypesofhandsinlivinganimals.Afteryearsofresearch,scientistsarebeginningtounderstandthemolecular（分子的）changesinhands.39Thismakesthehandsofdifferentanimalsverysimilar.Thereisanetworkofmanygenes（基因）thatbuildsahand,andallhandsarebuiltonthatnetwork.Thediscoveryhasgivenscientistsadeeperunderstandingofthedevelopmentofhands.Abird'swingandalion'spaw（爪）mayappeartohavenothingincommon.40Itmayjustbealittlemoreofoneprotein蛋（白）here,alittlelessofanotherthere.Inthepast,scientistscouldrecognizeonlytheoutwardsignsthathandshaddevelopedfromacommonancestor.Todayscientistsareuncoveringtheinwardsignsaswell.A.Handscanoftenbeusedforanumberofdifferentpurposes.B.Theyalsoseethatallhandsstartoutinmuchthesameway.Ithaskeptthatnumberforreasonsscientistsdon'tyetknow.Noonewoulddoubtthatthefivefingersaredifferentwitheachother.Butthedifferencebetweenthemmaycomedowntoatinychangeinform.Thereasonwecanuseourhandsforsomanythingsistheirspecialstructure.Soyoucanseeaskilledwatchmakerusehishandstosetspringsinplaceunderamicroscope.第三部分：书面表达（共两节,35分）第一节（共4小题；第1-3题每小题3分,第4题6分,共15分）阅读下面短文,根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息,完成对该问题的回答。FoodasCommunicationWeusuallyunderstandwhensomeonespeaksorwritestous,andmanygestureSF(势)andfacialexpressionshavemeaning,too.Buthaveyoueverconsideredwhatandhowweeatasaformofcommunication?Inmanycultures,peoplesittogetherandsharefoodatmealtimes,whichisacommontraditionthatcanpromoteunityandtrust.Foodcanalsoplayanimportantroleinafamilyorculture'scelebrations.Thefoodsweeat—andwhenandhowweeatthem—areoftenuniquetoaparticularcultureormayevendifferbetweenareaswithinonecountry.Inmostcultures,breadrepresentsdeliciousfood.Itisalsooneofthemostcommonlysharedfoodsintheworld.Sharingbreadisacommonsymbolofcompanionshipandtogetherness.Infact,thewordcompanioncomesfromtheLatinrootscom-(together)andpanis(bread).Manyculturesalsocelebratebirthdaysandmarriageswithdecoratedcakesthatarecutandsharedamongtheguests.Earlyformsofcakeweresimplyakindofbread,sothistraditionhasitsrootsinthecustomofsharingbread.Therearefoodslikebreadinothercultures.InGreece,peopleshareaspecialcakecalledvasilopita.Acoinisbakedintothecake,whichstandsforsuccessintheNewYearforthepersonwhoreceivesit.MostofthefoodseatenduringtheChineseNewYearhavesignificance.Sometimesthisisbasedontheirshape;forexample,longnoodlessymbolizelonglife.ThesymbolismcanalsobebasedonthesoundofthewordinChinese;forexample,peoplegiveoutorangesbecausethewordfor“orange”soundslikethewordfor“wealth”.Inmanycultures,roundfoodssuchasgrapes,bread,andmooncakesareeatenatwelcomecelebrationstosymbolizefamilyunity.Foodisessentialforlife,soitisnotsurprisingthatitissuchanimportantpartofdifferentculturesaroundtheworld.Thefoodpeopleeatduringcelebrationsmayhavealonghistoryandcansymbolizemanythings,butsharingfoodisonecustomthatalmostallhumanshaveincommon.Whydoestheauthorregardeatingfoodasaformofcommunication?Howdopeoplecelebratebirthdaysandmarriagesinmanycultures?WhatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinParagraph3?Manyofthefoodtraditionsmentionedinthepassageareveryold.Whyaretheystillimportanttoday?第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。近期你班同学普遍加强了英语听说训练,但是仍然存在一些困惑。请你给外教Jim写封邮件,邀请他下周为大家做一次专题讲座。邮件内容包括：介绍同学们的听说训练情况；希望提供更有效的学习方法;询问对方的意向。注意：1.词数不少于80；2.邮件的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。DearJim,Yours,LiHua2021届北京市朝阳区2018级高三上学期期中考试英语参考答案第一部分：知识运用（共两节,25分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分,共10分）1．C2．B3．A4．D5．B6．A7．C8．D9．B10.C第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）11．makes12．surrounded13．lucky14．sending15．areharmed/arebeingharmed18．willfollow19．how16．higher17．torelax11．makes12．surrounded13．lucky14．sending15．areharmed/arebeingharmed18．willfollow19．how16．higher17．torelax20．safely第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,40分）第一-H-节（（共15小题；每小题2分,共30分）21．A22．A23．D24．D25．D26．B27．C28．C29．A30．D31．A32．B33．C34．B35．CH-第二节（共5小题；每小题2分,共10分）36．F37．G38．C39．B40．E第三部分：书面表达（共两节,35分）第一节（共4小题；第1-3题每小题3分,第4题6分,共15分）Wheneatingfood,peoplesittogetherandsharefoodwitheachother,whichpromotesunityandtrust.Inmanycultures,peoplecutandsharedecoratedcakes