2021届广东省惠州市高三第一次调研考试英语试题

英语试题英语试题10惠州市2021届高三第一次调研考试试题英语（2020.07）（2020.07）本试卷分为第I卷和第口卷。试卷共8页，卷面满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号等相关信息填写在答题卡上。选择题的作答：选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡的非答题区域均无效。非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡的非答题区域均无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。第I卷第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ADrAlmeidaleftschoolat16withlittleformaleducationbutgotajobasalaboratorytechnicianinhistopathology（组织病理学）atGlasgowRoyalInfirmary.LatershemovedtoLondontofurtherhercareerandin1954marriedEnriquesAlmeida,anartist.ThecoupleandtheiryoungdaughtermovedtoTorontoinCanadaanditwasattheOntarioCancerInstitutethatDrAlmeidadevelopedheroutstandingskillswithanelectronmicroscope.Shepioneeredamethodwhichbettervisualized（成像）virusesbyusingantibodiestogatherthem.HertalentswererecognizedintheUKandshewasinvitedtoworkatStHoTshpoitmaalsM'edsicalSchoolinLondon.Onherreturn,shebegantocooperatewithDrDavidTyrrell.DrTyrrellandhisteamwereabletogrowquiteafewcommoncold-associatedviruses.Onesample,knownasB814,wasdiscoveredin1960.Theyfoundthattheywereabletotransmit（传染）commoncoldsymptomstovolunteersbuttheywereunabletogrowitinroutinecellculture（细胞培养）.However,volunteerstudiesshoweditsgrowthinorgancultures（器官培养）.DrTyrrellwonderedifitcouldbeseenbyanelectronmicroscope.TheysentsamplestoAlmeidawhofoundthattheywerelikefluvirusesbutnotexactlythesame.Sheidentifiedwhatbecameknownasthefirsthumancoronavirus（冠状病毒）.DrAlmeidahadactuallyseenparticles（微粒）likethisbeforewhileinvestigatingvirusesinmiceandchickens.However,whenshesentherpaperaboutthisdiscoverytoamedicaljournal,itwasrejected.ItwastwoyearslaterthatthefirstphotographsofthevirusshehadseenwerepublishedinJournalofGeneralVirology.Itwasnamedcoronavirusbecauseofthecrownsurroundingitontheviralimage.WhydidDrAlmeidareturntoworkintheUK?BecauseherfamilydidnotlikeToronto.BecausetheUKappreciatedhertalents.Becauseshebetteredanelectronmicroscope.Becauseshewasthefirstonetovisualizeviruses.WhatcanweknowaboutB814?Itcouldbegrowninroutinecellculture.Itwasunabletodevelopinorgancultures.It'sexactlythesamewithinfluenzaviruses.D.Itwasidentifiedasthefirsthumancoronavirus.Whatcanweconnectwiththename“coronavirus”?Itsviralimage.Itsdeadlypower.Itoriginalsample.Itsfirstappearance.BChina'sdomestically（国内）developedBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystemhasbeenwidelyusedinmanypublicsectorsandbusinessfieldsathomeandabroad.Beidouhasbeenusedindozensofbusinessandpublicsectorfields（公共部门领域）inChina,includingtransportation,electricpowertransmission,fisheries,miningandagriculture.TensofmillionsofBeidou-basedterminal（终端）deviceshavebeensoldandareinuse.Bytheendof2019,morethan100millionBeidou-basednavigationchips,modulesandotherproductshadbeensold.Thesystemhadbythenbeenfixedinnearly6.6milliontaxis,busesandtrucksaroundChinaaswellasmorethan70,000fishingshipsacrossthecountry.Beidou-enabledfunctionsarealsousedinatleast50,000agriculturalmachinesandhaveimprovedtheiroperationalefficiency.Morethan70percentofmobilephonesregisteredinChinaarecapableofutilizingBeidousignals.Inthepublicsecurityfield,morethan400,000portableterminalsusedbythepoliceacrossthecountryhaveBeidou-enabledpositioningfunctions.Beidouhasalsoplayedimportantrolesinsecurityworkforhigh-levelevents.Globally,bytheendof2019,ChineseproductsbasedonBeidouhadbeensoldtomorethan120foreigncountriesandregions,playingahelpfulroleinanumberofpublicsectorfields.Forinstance,BeidouhashelpedRussiaimproveitselectricgridinspections（电网检测）,madeoperationsmoreconvenientforunmannedaircraftusersinCambodia,andpromotedmanagementefficiencyofmanywarehousesinThailandandconstructionworkinKuwait.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“utilizing”inParagraph2?transformingB.usingC.passingD.strengtheningWhatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.BeidouSystem'snavigationisaccessible.BeidouSystem'spositioningservicesvaryinquality.BeidouSystem'sapplicationsspreadaroundtheglobe.BeidouSystem'soperationalefficiencyimprovesrapidly.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythispassageappear?TechnologyB.EducationC.TravelD.SocietyCInsomeplacesaroundtheworld,youcanfindbrightgreenballsofmoss（苔藓）scatteredacrossglaciers,which,surprisingly,moveallataboutthesamespeedsandinthesamedirections.Theglaciermossballsarecommonlycalled“glaciermice”,andwerethesubjectofarecentstudypublishedonlineinPolarBiologythismonth.Thestudy'sauthorsbelievethattheydevelopfromimpurities（杂质）onicesurfaces.“They'renotattached（黏附）toanythingandthey'rejustrestingthereonice,”saidoneoftheauthors.“They'rebrightgreeninaworldofwhite.”Themossballsdon'tstayatrestforlong,though.Theymovedabout2.5centimetersperdayonaverage.Anotheroneofthestudy'sauthorspointedoutthatmovementisanecessityfortheglaciermossballsbecausetheentiresurfaceoftheballmustoccasionallygetexposedtothesun.“Thesethingsmustactuallyrollaroundorelsethatmossonthebottomwoulddie,”shesaid.GlaciermicehaveeverbeenspottedinAlaska,Iceland,SvalbardandSouthAmerica,butscientistsstillhavealottolearnaboutthem.Oneofthebiggestquestionsiswhythemossballs,whichcanliveforatleastsixyears,movethewaytheydo.Theresearcherstriedtoexplainthisstrangephenomenoninmanyways.First,theythoughttheballshadrolleddownhill,butlaterfoundthattheyweren'tgoingdownaslope（斜坡）.Then,theythoughtthewindwasblowingtheminconsistentdirections.Butwhentheymeasuredthedominantdirectionofthewind,thatdidn'texplainiteither.Andfinally,theyconsideredthesun,whichmeltstheiceandmaymakethemossballsmove,butthedirectionofincomingsolarradiationwasn'tinthedirectionwhichtheballsweregoingin.Stillconfusedwiththisproblem,theresearcherssaidthattheyhopethatoneday,futuregenerationswill“gettothebottomofthesegreatmysteries”.Whatintereststheresearchersmost?Thediscoveryofglaciermice.Thedevelopmentofimpurities.Thedistributionofglaciermoss.Themovementofglaciermossballs.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutGlaciermice?Theycanmovefast.Theyareattachedtoice.Theymovesoastokeepalive.Theymovefromotherplacestoglaciers.Howdoestheauthorexplaintheunusualwaytheglaciermicemove?Bydrawingmapsandmakinganalysis.Bymakingassumptionsanddoingresearch.Bydoingexperimentsandpresentingreports.BymakingcomparisonandsettingdowngeneralrulesWhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.WindblowsGlaciermicetomove.ThedirectionofsunlighthelpsGlaciermice.Scientistsleavethesemysteriestofuturegenerations.Itremainsapuzzlewhytheglaciermossballsmoveinthisway.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Howdoyouwakeupinthemorning?Ifyousetanalarmonyourphoneorclockthatsoundslikethis:beep-beep-beep,thathard,unpleasantsoundmaybemakingithardertoshakeoffthesleepyfeelinginthemorningknownasgrogginess（昏昏沉沉）.31?Arecentstudysaysyes.Theanswerismusic.Researcherssayalarmsthathaveamelodycanhelppeoplefeelfresherinthemorning.Thestudy,carriedoutbyresearchersinAustralia,involved50people.Theyansweredquestionsaboutthealarmsoundtheyliketowakeupto.32.Sleepinertia（惯性）isanothertermforgrogginess.33,andhastroublegettingmovingagainaftersleeping.Peopleneedtobetterunderstandsleepinertia'sharmfuleffectsonhumanperformancelaterintheday.Thegrogginesswemayfeelinthemorningusuallylastsforupto30minutes,butsomemaylastfromtwotofourhours.Noteveryonewillexperiencethefulleffect.34,especiallywhentheyperformdutiesthatrequireatopperformancewithinthisperiodorforpeoplewhoworkindangeroussituationsshortlyaftertheywake.So,whatmakesmusicalalarmsbetterforwakingup?35.PossiblythedifferenttonesinitSimplythesinglesoundof“beeping”So,isthereabetterwaytowakeupSo,whatisabetterwaytowakeupButforthosewhodo,careshouldbetakenItmeansapersonhasaheavyfeelingwhenwakingupTheyalsoexpressedhowtheyfeelaboutthatsoundandhowtheyfeelwhentheywakeup第二部分完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A,B,C,D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Jeanisjustlikeanaverage14-year-oldinmanyways.Shelovessinging,usingTikTok（抖音短视频国际版）,and36withherfriends.Butyou'llfindthatshe'sactuallyquite37.Infact,thisteenager's38achievementisearningamaster'sdegreeinenvironmentalscienceandsustainableengineering.Thebrilliantteen'sschooling39beganininstitutionsforgifted40.Shewouldattend41schoolinthemorningandtakeheronlinehighschoolmodulesatnightat8yearsold.Afterfinishinghighschool,Janewentonto42herbachelor'sdegreeatage12.Intotal,shenowhasthreedegreestoher43!

Janeisstilluncertainaboutthe44she'sgoingtotake,butsheknowsthatshewantsittoinvolveSTEM（理工科统称）.Infact,she'sstartedtakingstepstowardsthatgoalby45back.Lastyear,JanewentonatriptoSouthAfrica.There,shemetafewlocalgirlswho46herpassionforSTEM.However,theydidn'thavethesame47shehadbackintheUS.This48hertodevelopaplantobringSTEMlabstothem.Shestartedfundraiserstobuythingssuchasmicroscopesand49,whichshehopestobringtoCapeTownonceCOVID-19restrictionshave50.Janeknowsthatit'srareforateentohavesuchalonglistof51.However,shesaysthatitonly52onething.“Togetwhereyouwanttobe,youhavetobecommitted,”shesaid.“Whenpeoplereadmy53Idon'twantthemtobelike,‘Ohshe'ssosmart,Ican54dothat.'Iwantthemtothink‘She'ssogoal-driven.Ineedtobe55.'andthusfeelmotivated.”36.A.catchingupB.hangingoutC.movingawayD.goingin37.A.extraordinaryB.seriousC.shyD.curious38.A.hardestB.latestC.furthestD.richest39.A.experimentB.researchC.journeyD.advantage40.A.adultsB.seniorsC.babiesD.children41.A.graduateB.highC.regularD.language42.A.receiveB.recordC.preferD.practise43.A.knowledgeB.nameC.tasteD.relief44.A.adviceB.chanceC.breakD.path45.A.fightingB.lookingC.steppingD.giving46.A.recognizedB.doubtedC.sharedD.understood47.A.resourcesB.coursesC.informationD.response48.A.forcedB.inspiredC.askedD.persuaded49.A.paintsB.camerasC.microphonesD.computers50.A.startedB.developedC.easedD.switched51.A.accomplishmentsB.requirementsC.interestsD.ideas52.A.boilsdowntoB.givesrisetoC.looksforwardtoD.getsusedto53.A.reportB.paperC.storyD.article54.A.alsoB.neverC.justD.finally55.A.cleverB.modestC.cautiousD.determined第II卷温馨提示：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第三部分英语知识运用（共四节，满分45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Inrecentyears,veganism（纯素食主义）hasbecomeoneofthefastest-growinglifestyle56（trend）intheworld.Over3millionpeopleintheUSareveganswhileabout542,000Britishpeople57_（choose）veganismoverthepast10years.Whatisdrivingthisgrowthinveganism?First,peopleattachimportancetoprotectingtheenvironment.Theythinkproducingmeatanddairyproductsis58（stress）fortheenvironment.Accordingtoarecentstudy,globalmeatmanufacturinghascaused18%oftheworld'sgreenhousegasemissions.Thisfigureis59（high）thanthatofalltheworld'scars,trainsandplanescombined.Second,manyyoungpeople60（convince）thatit'scrueltokillanimalsforfoodandbecomingveganis61ethical（伦理的）decision.Veganismdoesn'tsimplymeans62（eat）nomeat,cheeseoreggs.Italsoapplies63fashionandmanufacturing.Everyyearmorethanabillionanimalsarekilled64.（produce）leatherproductsfromtheirskins.Now,manybrandsareseekingforsubstitutions（替代品）.So65theideaofprotectinganimalsandsavingenvironmentappealstoyou,giveveganismatry.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节概要写作（满分15分）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。（请标注要点和词数））Teenagers'fitnessisnowamajorconcernandphysicalexerciseisveryimportant.Itreducesstressandimprovesfitness.Exercisemakesyourbodystrongandhelpsyoutokeeptherightbodyweight.Sportsscientistsofferthefollowingadvicetoteenagers:First,findoutyourpresentleveloffitness.Thenyoucandesignaprogrammethatwillhelpyoubecomehealthier.Therearethreelevelsoffitnessthatneedachangeoflifestyle.“Overweight”meansthatthepersongetsverylittleexerciseandoftenhasaseriousweightproblem.“Inactive”meansthatthepersondoesnotjoininmanyphysicalactivities,butisnotseriouslyoverweight.“Active”referstopeoplewhotakepartinsportsandotherphysicalactivities,butdonothaveahighfitnesslevel.Accordingtoexperts,overweightteenagersshouldworkouttokeephealthy.Rideabike,playvolleyballorbasketballforawhile,andgoforatwenty-minutewalkeachday.Allthesewillhelptoburncalories.Inactiveteenagersshoulddosimilaractivities,butaddsomebendingandstretchingexercises,suchaspush-upsandsit-ups,startingwithtwentyofeachaday.Inactivepeoplecantakealittlemoreexercisethanoverweightpeoplebecausetheirbodiesarestronger.Thesameruleisalsosuitableforactiveteenagers.Expertsalsosuggestonehouraweekormoreonrunningandotherformsofintensiveexercise,togetherwithfifteenminutesadayspentonstretchingandbendingactivities.Theyarereallyimportantinordertopreventinjuries.Someweight-trainingandotherbody-strengtheningexercisescouldalsobeplannedintheprogrammeinordertoincreasetheperson'sstrength.第二节应用文写作（满分25分）假定你是李华，你的美国朋友David原本打算今年暑假来中国旅游，因疫情而取消行程。请你给他写封邮件，向他推荐中国线上旅游推介活动系列视频“VisitingChinaOnline”。内容包括：1.表示遗憾；2.推荐系列视频并说明原因；3.邀请他明年再来中国。1.词数80-100；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【参考词汇】线上旅游推介活动onlinetourismpromotionalactivityDearDavid,Yours,LiHua惠州市2021届高三第一次调研考试参考答案【阅读理解】21-23.BDA24-26.BCA27-30.DCBD【七选五】31-35.CGFEA【完形填空】36-40.BABCD41-45.CABDD46-50.CABDC51-55.AACBD【语法填空】56.trends57.havechosen58.stressful59.higher60.areconvinced61.an62.eating63.to64.toproduce65.if【概要写作】Possibleversion1:Physicalexerciseplaysasignificantroleinteenagers'fitness.Teenagersareadvisedtoidentifytheirfitnessleveltodesignahealthprogramme.（要点1）“Overweight”,“inactive”and“active”arethethreelevelsoffitnessthaturgeonetochangehislifestyle.（要点2）Inadditiontocalorie-burningexercisesthatoverweightteenagersshoulddo,inactiveandactiveteenagersareadvisedtoexercisemoreduetotheirstrongbodies.（要点3）Furthermore,intensiveexerciseisvitaltoinjury-preventionwhilebody-strengtheningexerciseshelpbuildupone'sphysicalstrength.（要点4）（79words）Possibleversion2:Physicalexerciseisbeneficialtoteenagers'health.Teenagersareadvisedtofigureouttheirfitnesslevelandmakeaplantokeepfit.（要点1）Therearethreelevelsofphysicalstates,namely“Overweight”,“Inactive”and“Active”,whichurgeachangeoflifestyle.（要点2）Accordingtodifferentfitnesslevels,expertssuggestteenagersdocalorie-burningexercises,bendingandstretchingexercises.（要点3）Besides,intensiveexerciseandbody-strengtheningexercisesarerecommendedtoavoidinjuriesandbuildupone'sstrength.（要点4）（73words）【概要写作】各档次的给分范围和要求（总分15分））：档次描述第五档（13—15）理解准确，涵盖全部要点。能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。完全使用自己的语言。第四档（10—12）理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点。使用语法结构和词汇可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达。比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。有个别整句抄自原文。第三档(7—9)理解较为准确，涵盖大部分要点。所使用的语法结构和词汇虽有些错误，但不影