考研考博-英语-山东青年政治学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东青年政治学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Hetriedtocopewiththeever-increasingburdenofhiswork,butfinallyhe（）andhadtotakeacompleterest.

问题1选项

A.brokeaway

B.brokeoff

C.brokeup

D.brokedown

【答案】D

【解析】动词词组辨析。breakaway“脱离,放弃,逃跑”;breakoff“突然停止;暂停”;breakup“打碎;结束”;breakdown“发生故障;毁掉”。句意:他试图处理日益增加的工作负担，但最后他，不得不彻底休息。根据“takeacompleterest”可推测，填空处应该指他的身体垮掉了，只有选项D有此含义，所以正确。

2.单选题

Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood,（）theircleanness,toughness,andlowcost.

问题1选项

A.inadditionto

B.byvirtueof

C.asopposedto

D.forthesakeof

【答案】B

【解析】介词短语含义辨析。inadditionto“除...之外（还有,也）”;byvirtueof“由于,凭借”;asopposedto“与…截然相反,对照”;forthesakeof“为了,为了…的利益”。句意:塑料袋用来装各种食物很有用,因为其卫生,结实,便宜。选项B符合语境。

3.不定项选择题

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruegladiators.We’repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATprepcoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.Wesayourmotivesareselflessandsensible.AdegreefromStanfordorPrincetonistheticketforlife.IfAaronandNicoledon’tgetin,they’reforeverdoomed.Gosh,we’redelusional.

I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.It’sone-upmanshipamongparents.Weseeourkids’collegepedigreesastrophiesattestingtohowwell-orhowpoorly-we’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Admissionsanxietyafflictsonlyaminorityofparents.It’struethatgettingintocollegehasgenerallybecometougherbecausethenumberofhighschoolgraduateshasgrown.From1994to2006,theincreaseis2.8percent.Still,64percentoffreshmenattendschoolswhereacceptanceratesexceed70percent,andtheapplicationsurgeateliteschoolsdwarfspopulationgrowth.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughtrophiestogoaround.Fearfulparentsprodtheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.“Theepicentersofparentalanxietyusedtobeonthecoasts:Boston,NewYork,Washington,LosAngeles,saysTomParker,Amherst’sadmissionsdean.“Butit’sradiatedthroughoutthecountry.”

Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthat’splausible-andmostlywrong.“Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters,”saysErnestT.PascarellaoftheUniversityofIowa,co-authorofHowCollegeAffectsStudents,an827evaluationofhundredsofstudiesofthecollegeexperience.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanless-selectiveschools,accordingtoastudybyPascarellaandGeorgeKuhofIndianaUniversity.Somedo;somedon’t.Ontwomeasures-professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams-selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.

Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2percentto4percentforevery100-pointincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-knownstudybyPrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerandStacyBergDaleofMathematicaPolicyResearchexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.

Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarket,graduateschool—theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.KruegerstudiedadmissionstoonelopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGraduateRecordExamhelpedexplainwhogotin;IvyLeaguedegreesdidn’t.

So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyofstudents20yearsoutfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

Whatfiresparents’fanaticismistheirself-servingdesiretoannouncetheirownsuccess?ManySuccumb;Ididn’tlocatedmyidealschoolformydaughter.Shegotinandwentelsewhere.Takethat,Dad.Ilocatedtheidealschoolformyson.Heck,hewouldn’tevenvisittheplace.Pow,Dad.Theybothlovetheirschoolsandseemamplystimulated.FoolishDad.

6.Theword“gladiators”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans（）

7.Theauthor’sattitudetotheparents’claim“ourmotivesareselflessandsensible”isoneof（）

8.Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthat（）

9.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutselectiveschoolsisTRUE?

10.Theauthorsuggeststhatparentsnotimposetheirambitionontheirchildrenbecause（）

问题1选项

A.colossus

B.commanders.

C.warriors.

D.gluttons.

问题2选项

A.antipathy.

B.apathy.

C.ambivalence.

D.dissent.

问题3选项

A.Americanyouthhavefewerchoicesbuttogotoeliteschools.

B.thecompetitionforeliteschoolsisfiercerintheUnitedStates.

C.theparentsshouldnotputtoomuchpressureontheirchildren.

D.thechildren’sfuturewillbebleakwithoutgoingtoeliteschools.

问题4选项

A.Selectiveschoolsofferbetterinstructionalapproachestotheirstudents.

B.Therearemoreassayexamsinselectiveschoolsthanotherschools.

C.Theirnewteachingmethodssecuretheirgraduates’highsalaries.

D.Theydon’toutperformotherschoolsintermsofprofessors’feedback.

问题5选项

A.toomuchpressuremightleadtounsatisfactoryresults.

B.theirownambitionshouldn’tberealizedbytheirchildren.

C.theirchildrenmightpracticejob-hoppingfrequently.

D.theirchildrenmightnotsharesimilarinterestswiththem.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】6.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段第一句Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruegladiators.（在大学入学的战争中，我们父母是真正的角斗士）。C选项“战士”与“角斗士”的意思相近，因此C选项正确。A选项“巨人”，不符合文章内容。B选项“指挥官”，不符合文章内容。选项D“贪吃的人”不符合词义，可排除。因此C选项正确。

7.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】观点态度题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段倒数第三句Wesayourmotivesareselflessandsensible.（我们说我们的动机是无私和理智的。）D选项“不同意的”正确，根据下文内容可推测，父母宣称是无私的和明智的是虚假的，因此作者不同意这个观点。A选项“反感的”，可排除。B选项“冷漠的”，作者态度并不是冷漠的，可排除。C选项“矛盾”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。

8.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第四段（我们有一种全面的威望恐慌；我们担心没有足够的奖杯。恐惧的父母催促他们的孩子申请比以往更多的学校。阿默斯特学院招生主任汤姆•帕克（TomParker）说，过去，父母焦虑的中心集中在沿海地区：波士顿、纽约、华盛顿和洛杉矶）。选项C“父母不应该给孩子太多的压力”，文中所说父母催促孩子申请比以往更多的学校，因此可推测，父母给孩子的压力过大，C选项正确。选项A“美国年轻人的选择很少，只能去精英学校”，不符合文章内容，可排除。选项B“在美国，精英学校的竞争更加激烈”，不符合文章内容，可排除，选项D“如果不上精英学校，孩子们的未来将是暗淡的”，没有必然的关系。因此C选项正确。

9.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第六段中最后一句Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.（他们挣的钱和那些地位较高的学校的毕业生一样多）。D选项“在教授反馈方面，他们的表现并不优于其他学校”，由挣钱这一点反映，他们的表现并不优于其他学校，D选项正确。A选项“重点学校为学生提供更好的教学方法。”文章第五段提到“名校并不比非名校系统地采用更好的教学方法”，因此A选项可排除。B选项“重点学校的考试比其他学校多。”第五段最后一句提到“教授的反馈和论文考试的数量——重点学校的表现略差”，B选项可排除。C选项“他们的新教学方法确保了毕业生的高薪”，文中第六段提到“他们挣的钱和那些地位较高的学校的毕业生一样多”，因此C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。

10.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】作者意图题。由题干可以定位到原文倒数第二段TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.（我们强加给孩子们的雄心壮志可能会让一些孩子进入哈佛，但也可能会让他们失望）。由此可知选项A“太多的压力可能会导致不满意的结果”，符合文章内容，A选项正确。B选项“他们自己的抱负不应该由他们的孩子来实现”，文章没有提到父母的抱负让孩子实现，B选项可排除。C选项“他们的孩子可能经常跳槽”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“他们的孩子可能和他们没有共同的兴趣爱好”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）tothosewhoareaggressiveandcompetewell.

问题1选项

A.regime

B.prestige

C.superiority

D.legislature

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项regime“政权；政体；社会制度；管理体制”；B选项prestige“威望；声望；声誉”；C选项superiority“优越；优势”；D选项legislature“立法机关；立法机构”。句意：在一个给予那些有进取心且相当有竞争力的人很多声誉的社会里，大卫倾向于认为自己无用且不被该社会所需要。根据句意可知B选项正确。

5.单选题

Justforfun,theydecidedtotryavery（

）countryroadinsteadofthemoredirectsuper-highway.

问题1选项

A.ambiguous

B.circuitous

C.deciduous

D.nefarious

【答案】B

【解析】查形容词辨析。ambiguous意为“含糊的，不明确的”；circuitous意为“迂回的，绕行的”；deciduous意为“每年落叶的，非永久性的”；nefarious意为“极坏的，恶毒的”。由insteadof（而不是）可知“______countryroad（乡村道路）”与“directsuper-highway（直达高速公路）”相比较，因此选B。

句意：仅是为了好玩，他们决定尝试一条非常迂回的乡村公路，而不是更直接的高速公路。

6.单选题

Thepolicemenareperambulatingthestreets.

问题1选项

A.percolate

B.permute

C.perjure

D.patrol

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.percolate渗出，过滤B.permute改变次序，重新排列

C.perjure作伪证，破坏誓言D.patrol巡逻，巡查

【答案】D

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词policemen（警察）和streets（街道）可推测，划线单词perambulating的意思是“巡逻”。因此，D选项含义与划线部分词义最为接近，故本题正确答案为D选项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】警察在街上巡视。

7.单选题

Beforethe1980s,theideaofhealthinsurancewasquite（

）tothoselivinginthemainlandofChina.

问题1选项

A.overseas

B.abroad

C.foreign

D.offshore

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。A选项overseas“海外的，国外的”；B选项abroad“在国外”；C选项foreign“外国的，陌生的”;D选项offshore“近海的’；句意是‘主语theideaofhealthinsurance医疗保险’这个概念在20世纪80年代之前对居民来说是…，C选项符合句意，正确。

8.单选题

Theaimofthepresident’sspeechwastoconvincestillreluctantcountriesofthegreatnecessityofimposingsanctionsagainstthecountriesthat（）terrorists.

问题1选项

A.kidnapped

B.harassed

C.heckled

D.harbored

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。kidnap“绑架”；harass“扰乱，使烦恼”；heckle“诘问，责问”；harbor“庇护”。句意：总统演讲的目的在于要让那些不大情愿的国家相信，强硬制裁那些庇护恐怖分子的国家是非常有必要的。选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Infact,thecountryhasexhibitedconsiderableflexibility,relaxingitspositiononmany_______issues,

includingagriculturalsubsidies.

问题1选项

A.surpassing

B.commodious

C.contentious

D.judicable

【答案】C

【解析】surpassing胜过的,优秀的;commodious宽敞的,方便的;contentious有争议的,诉讼的;judicable应受审判的。句意：事实上,该国表现出相当大的灵活性,在包括农业补贴在内的许多有争议的问题上放松了立场。选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

Mr.Smithbecamevery（

）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

问题1选项

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。形容词词义辨折。ingenious“有独创性的，机灵的”；empirical“经验主义的”；objective“客观的”；indignant“愤愤不平的”。句意：当被指出犯了错误时，史密斯先生感到很气愤。选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

Shealwayshandledtheproblems（）herownexperienceandprinciples.

问题1选项

A.inthelightof

B.intheeventof

C.inthefaceof

D.inthecourseof

【答案】A

【解析】介词词组辨析。inthelightof根据，按照；intheeventof如果……发生；inthefaceof面临，面对；inthecourseof在……过程中。句意：她总是根据自己的经验和原则来处理问题。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

ConcernfortheenvironmentintheUSextendsbackintothenineteenthcentury,whennatureloversandsportsenthusiastsfirstsoughtprotectionforareasofexceptionalnaturalbeautyorsignificance.Butitwasnotuntilthelate1960’sthatenvironmentalconcernsenteredthemainstreamofAmericanpoliticaldebate.BythenmanyAmericanshadcometotheconclusionthatmoredevelopmentwasnotnecessarilydesirable,especiallyifitmeantmorepollutedair,dyinglakesandrivers,andalandscapestrewnwithunsightlywaste,andcrowdedwithsprawlingconstructionprojects.InMayof1970,severalenvironmentalgroupsstagedthefirstEarthDaycelebration,designedtoheightenpublicawarenessofenvironmentalproblems.Thesuccessofthatinitialeffortledtoitbecomingaregularannualevent.

Duringthe1950sand1960s,industrialandvehiclepollutionlevelshadbecomeaseriousthreattopublichealth,sotheenvironmentalmovementofthisperiodfocusedheavilyonrestoringandensuringthecleanlinessofbasicairandwatersupplies.Rapidlyexpandingdevelopmentpressureswerealsospurringeffortstopreserveuniquelandsandthreatenedwildlifehabitats,andtoprotecttheendangeredspeciessupportedbythembeforetheyvanishedintoextinction.Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheenvironmentalprotectionmovementwassosuccessfulbecauseofitsgrassrootssupport;groupsofactivistsinhundredsoftownsthattooktheinitiativeincleaninguptheirowncommunities.Duringthe1970s,thislocalactivismreinforcedsupportforthepassageofkeylawsatthenationallevel,suchastheCleanWaterAct,CleanAirAct,EndangeredSpeciesAct,andNationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct,whichtogetherhaveconstitutedthefoundationforenvironmental;standardsintheUSeversince.

Inadditiontothisnationallegislation,theyearafterthefirstEarthDay,byexecutiveorder,PresidentNixonestablishedtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA);anorganizationdedicatedtorestoringandprotectingtheenvironment.TheEPAspearheadedmanycontemporaryeffortstoprotecttheenvironment,butitwasnotworkingalone.Itwasalliedwithawidevarietyofdistinctlydifferentandseparateorganizationsrangingfromasmallnumberofwell-fundedhigh-profilenationalandinternationalorganizationstomanythousandsofsmallerspecialinterestgroupsandevenindividualsworkingatthelocallevel.ThankstotheadditionalhelpofenvironmentallyconsciouspoliticalfiguresinthemoldofTeddyRoosevelt,whonearlyacenturybeforeestablishedthefirstnationalparksintheUSA,themovementgainedmomentum.TheEPAhasnowbecomeoneofthegovernment’slargestandmostinfluentialregulatoryagencies.Throughitsowneffortsandincooperationwithotherorganizations,ithasearnedalargemeasureofcreditforprotectingandrestoringthequalityoftheenvironmentintheUnitedStates.

Althoughonemightassumethatthecauseofenvironmentalprotectionwouldengenderuniversalsupport,itdoeshaveitsdetractors.Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.Environmentalistscounterthisassertionbypointingoutthattheirwarningshaveoftenbroughtaboutchangesonthepartofthepublic,thegovernmentandprivateindustry,andthatthesechangespreventedthepredictionsfrombeingrealized.However,justasitisoftenverydifficulttogaugetheimpactofhumanactivityonsomethingascomplexastheenvironment,itisequallydifficulttodeterminewhichsideisrightinthisdebate.Becauseenvironmentalissuescoversuchawiderangeofconcerns,thisisaquestionthatmustbeconsideredonacasebycasebasis.Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.

31.Onwhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagemainlyfocus?

32.ThewordspurringinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.

33.AccordingtoParagraph2,whywastheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsowidelysuccessful?

34.ThewordspearheadedinParagraph3canbebestreplacedby______.

35.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatwasacommoncriticismoftheenvironmentalprotection?

问题1选项

A.EarthDay’simpactontheenvironmentalmovement.

B.Howtoprotecttheenvironmentoftheplanet.

C.Theenvironmentalprotectionmovement,andhowitbegan.

D.ThesuccessoftheEPAinprotectingnaturalresources.

问题2选项

A.opposing

B.managing

C.supporting

D.motivating

问题3选项

A.Itprotectedplantsandanimalspeoplecaredabout.

B.Itfunctionedwellatthelocallevel.

C.Itvotedunsympatheticpoliticiansoutofoffice.

D.Itforcedratificationofimportantnationallaws.

问题4选项

A.inspired

B.led

C.conceived

D.modified

问题5选项

A.Itsuggestedmeasuresthatwouldharmtheeconomy.

B.Itspredictionscouldnotbepreventedthroughpracticalaction.

C.Thatitlackedthesupportneededtomakeanyrealprogress.

D.Theenvironmentaldamageitclaimedwasnotseen.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】31.【选项释义】

31.Onwhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagemainlyfocus?31.这篇文章主要关注以下哪一点？

A.EarthDay’simpactontheenvironmentalmovement.A.地球日对环境运动的影响。

B.Howtoprotecttheenvironmentoftheplanet.B.如何保护地球环境。

C.Theenvironmentalprotectionmovement,andhowitbegan.C.环境保护运动及其起源。

D.ThesuccessoftheEPAinprotectingnaturalresources.D.环境保护署保护自然资源的成功。

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】文章第一段先分析早期没有环保意识时的状况，然后谈到对于环境保护工作的重视；接着中间两段讲述了各个团体共同合作才开始有环保工作的开始；最后一段涉及了环保事业的一些批评。全文的主题词就是“environmentalprotection”，所以本文主要关注的是环境保护运动以及它的起源，所以C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、D选项只在文中某一段提到，并不全面，属于以偏概全；

B选项属于曲解原文，文章并没有就这个问题展开论述。

32.【选项释义】

32.ThewordspurringinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.

32.第二段中的单词spurring的意思最接近______。

A.opposingA.反对

B.managingB.管理

C.supportingC.支持

D.motivatingD.激励

【考查点】词汇推理题。

【解题思路】定位第二段第二句“迅速扩大的发展压力也spurring人们努力去保护独特的土地和受到威胁的野生动物栖息地，并在它们灭绝之前保护它们所支持的濒危物种”，根据前后词语pressures和effortstodo，可推测，是“压力促使人们努力去做某事”，所以spurring与“促使”的意思相近，D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、B选项明显与文意不符，属于曲解原文；

C选项表述也不正确，压力对于去做某事的努力不太可能是“支持”，该项曲解原文。

33.【选项释义】

33.AccordingtoParagraph2,whywastheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsowidelysuccessful?33.根据第二段，为什么环境保护运动如此广泛地成功？

A.Itprotectedplantsandanimalspeoplecaredabout.A.它保护人们关心的植物和动物。

B.Itfunctionedwellatthelocallevel.B.它在地方一级运作良好。

C.Itvotedunsympatheticpoliticiansoutofoffice.C.它投票把没有同情心的政客赶下台。

D.Itforcedratificationofimportantnationallaws.D.它强制批准重要的国家法律。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位到第二段第三句“人们普遍认为，环保运动之所以如此成功，是因为它得到了群众的支持（itsgrassrootssupport）；数百个城镇的积极分子主动清理自己的社区”，可知，环保运动广泛地成功是因为得到了基层人群的大力支持，所以B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、C选项没有提到，属于无中生有；

D选项定位第二段最后一句“在20世纪70年代，这种地方行动主义加强了（localactivismreinforcedsupport）对国家层面关键法律的通过的支持”可知，并不是环保主义使得国家层面关键法律被通过，并且forced用词也很不恰当，属于曲解原文。

34.【选项释义】

34.ThewordspearheadedinParagraph3canbebestreplacedby______.34.第三段中spearheaded一词最好用______代替。

A.inspiredA.鼓舞

B.ledB.导致，领导

C.conceivedC.构思，设想

D.modifiedD.修改

【考查点】词汇推理题。

【解题思路】定位第三段第二句“环境保护署spearheaded当代许多保护环境努力，但它并不是单独行动”，head本来就有“领导”的意思；另外，前一句提到EPA是“一个致力于恢复和保护环境的组织”，综合推测，可知，spearhead的意思就是“带领”，B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、C、D选项均不符合文意，属于曲解原文。

35.【选项释义】

35.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatwasacommoncriticismoftheenvironmentalprotection?35.根据第四段，对环境保护最常见的批评是什么？

A.Itsuggestedmeasuresthatwouldharmtheeconomy.A.它提出了一些会损害经济的措施。

B.Itspredictionscouldnotbepreventedthroughpracticalaction.B.它的预测不能通过实际行动加以阻止。

C.Thatitlackedthesupportneededtomakeanyrealprogress.C.它缺乏取得任何真正进展所需的支持。

D.Theenvironmentaldamageitclaimedwasnotseen.D.它声称的环境破坏并没有出现。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位最后一段第二句“对这一运动的一种批评是，它声称对环境破坏的可怕后果的预测常常是错误的”，以及第三句“环保主义者反对这种说法，指出他们的警告往往带来了部分公众、政府和私营企业的变化，这些变化阻止了预测的实现”，可知，批评者对环境保护的批评是，环境保护所预测的一些环境破坏带来的可怕后果并没有实现，所以D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、C选项文中没有提到，属于无中生有；

B选项内容与原文相反，属于反向干扰。

13.单选题

CaliforniaisAmerica’slandofbigdreams,theEldoradoatthecontinent’sedge.FromthedaysofEuropeandiscoverytothepresent,ithasbeenportrayedasaparadiseofpossibilityandtransformation,aplacetomakea“freshstart—inthegoldfields,thevineyards,thestudiolots—andbreakfreedomfrombadweather,badreputations,andsocialandeconomicoppression.Thecallwasirresistibleanduniversal.Asaresult,inanationdrawnfromdiversecultures,Californiamaybethemostculturallydiverseofall,claimingnotonlyEuropean,Native,andPan-AmericanrootsbutclosetiestotheFarEastaswell.

EvenbeforethetidesofimmigrationthathelpedshapeCalifornia’slasttwocenturies,thiswasaplaceofstunningvarietyandcontradiction.Infact,it’sbeenobservedmorethanafewtimesthat,geographicallyspeaking,Californiaisnotonestatebutmany:dryandwet,mountainsandflat,denselypopulatedandvirtuallyempty.Thestate’s1,110milesofcoastlineincludebroadswimmingbeachesandwindswept,rock–strewnpalisades.Lushorchards,ancientredwoods,palmoasesanddesertsagebrushallcoexistwithCalifornia’ssixlifezones,fromLowerSonorantoAlpine.

AsaSpanishcolony,Californiahastwoprovinces:Alta(upper)andBaja(lower).Today,withBajaCaliforniaattachedtoMexicoalingeringhistoricalschismseparatesnorthernCaliforniafromsouthern.WhenLosAngeleswasstillasleepyMexicanvillage,SanFranciscowasasophisticated,bustlingmetropolis;bythelate20thcenturytheyhadswitchedroles,LosAngeleswasaworld-classlargecitywithapopulationofthreeandahalfmillionandanareaof465squaremiles,faroutstrippingSanFrancisco,whichinrecenttimeshastradedheavilyonitsquaintnessandtouristappeal.Deeppoliticalandculturalantagonismscontinuetodefineanddividenorthandsouth.Notleastoftheseisanearlycentury-oldstruggleovercontrolofthestate’spreciouswater,whichtendstopitrecreation-and-conservation-mindednorthernCaliforniansagainstdevelopmentandagribusinessinterestsinthesouthstateandCentralValley.

Still,foranoutsider,theunifyingthemesstandout.ComparedevenwithotherWesternstates,Californiarepresentsanoptimisticfacetowardthefuture—theplacewheretrendsfirstgetsampledandpreparedforworldwidespreadviathestate’swell-tooledentertainmentindustry.California’sarts,commerce,andcultureallreflectthisspiritofaspiration,innovation,andredemption.

ButsunnyoptimismisonlyoneofCalifornia’sthemes.Anothercurrentisdarkanddramatic:miningclaimsthatdon’tpanout,earthquakesthatmocktheperformanceofhumanendeavor,economicboomsthatgobust.Duringthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury,manyartistsandwritershaveexploredthisdarksideoftheCaliforniadream,exposingtheshadowsbehindthesunshine.

Still,foranumberofreasons,Californiadreamingpersists.Howevermanyhopesaredashed,thesenseofpossibilityremainsstrongforeachnewgeneration,eachnewimmigrantgroupthatreachesCaliforniasoil.“WereonetoseekaworkingdefinitionoftheCaliforniadream.”suggestshistorianKevin.

21.Californiaisquiterichinculturaldiversityinthatithas______.

22.Itis______thatleadstothesayingthatCaliforniaisnotonestatebutmany.

23.WhatisthesignificanceofCalifornia’sentertainmentindustry?

24.Accordingtoauthor,California’scharmliesinthefactthat______.

25.Whatisthetoneoftheauthorinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.beenregardedasanidealplaceforpeoplefromdifferentoriginstorealizetheirdreams

B.attractedpeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworldtosettledownandgetdeveloped

C.beensuccessfulinthemanufactureofgold,wineandmovies

D.gainedthereputationasaplacetosolvevariousproblemssatisfactorily

问题2选项

A.theimmigrants’distributionamongdifferentsectorsofCalifornia

B.California’srichnessinplains,mountains,coastlines,desertsandpopulation

C.California’sextremegeographicconditions

D.California’scoveringallthespectrumofgeographicfeatures

问题3选项

A.Itmakesstarsofgreatpopularityamongtheworld.

B.Itleadstheworldtrendandgetsreadytospreadittotherestoftheworld.

C.Ithasthelatesttrendtestedandprovedinordertomakeitspreadamongtheworld.

D.Itmakesthemostadvancedtechnologybeusedinfilmmaking.

问题4选项

A.it’saplacewithrichhistory,geographicfeaturesandcultures

B.contradictionscanalwaysfindtheircompromisehere

C.itcantoleratepeoplefromdifferentcultures

D.everythingcanbepossibleandcanbeturnedintoreality

问题5选项

A.Ironical.

B.Critical.

C.Objective.

D.Indifferent.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

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