考研考博-英语-宁波职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁波职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Non-violentdirectactionrubs（）ofpopularopinioninordertogetitselfnoticedamidaseaofself-interest,apathyandday-to-daydistractions.

问题1选项

A.againstthegrain

B.againstthesalt

C.withagrain

D.withasalt

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。根据题意，非暴力的直接行动违背公众的意见，为了让自己在自我利益、漠不关心和日常的干扰中引人注目。所以这里是指与公众的意见相违背。选项C和D可排除。搭配“againstthegrain”的意思为“格格不入，违反意愿”。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

（）sermonsretainedtheirpreeminenceinreligiouslifeduringmostofthetwentiethcentury,theyaregraduallylosingthatcentralplacesaschurchesdevotemoreenergytosocialactivities.

问题1选项

A.As

B.For

C.While

D.Although

【答案】D

【解析】考查逻辑知识。前半句中“sermonsretainedtheirpreeminence”表示肯定意义，后半句提到“theyaregraduallylosingthatcentralplaces”，可知语气出现了转折。因此D选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxation.Tokeepuptheirworktheymustreadletters,reports,tradepublications,interofficecommunications,nottomentionnewspapersandmagazines:anever-endingfloodofwords.In（1）ajoboradvancinginone,theabilitytoreadandcomprehend（2）canmeanthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Yettheunfortunatefactisthatmostofusare（3）readers.Mostofusdeveloppoorreading（4）atanearlyage,andnevergetoverthem.Themaindeficiency（5）intheactualstuffoflanguageitself—words.Takenindividually,wordshave（6）meaninguntiltheyarestrungtogetherintophrases,sentencesandparagraphs.（7）,however,theuntrainedreaderdoesnotreadgroupsofwords.Helaboriouslyreadsonewordatatime,oftenregressingto（8）wordsorpassages.Regression,thetendencytolookbackover（9）youhavejustread,isacommonbadhabitinreading.Anotherhabitwhich（10）downthespeedofreadingisvocalization—soundingeachwordeitherorallyormentallyas（11）reads.

Toovercomethesebadhabits,somereadingclinicsuseadevicecalledan（12）,whichmovesabar(orcurtain)downthepageatapredeterminedspeed.Thebarissetataslightlyfasterrate（13）thereaderfindscomfortable,inorderto“stretch”him.Theacceleratorforcesthereadertoreadfast,（14）word-by-wordreadingimpossible.Regressionandsub-vocalization,practicallyimpossible.Atfirst（15）issacrificedforspeed.Butwhenyoulearntoreadideasandconcepts,youwillnotonlyreadfaster,（16）yourcomprehensionwillimprove.Manypeoplehavefound（17）readingskilldrasticallyimprovedaftersometraining.（18）CharlceAu,abusinessmanager,forinstance,hisreadingratewasareasonablygood172wordsaminute（19）theraining,nowitisanexcellent1378wordsaminute.Heisdelightedthathowhecan（20）alotmorereadingmaterialinashortperiodoftime.

问题1选项

A.applying

B.doing

C.offering

D.getting

问题2选项

A.quickly

B.easily

C.roughly

D.decidedly

问题3选项

A.good

B.curious

C.poor

D.urgent

问题4选项

A.training

B.habits

C.situations

D.custom

问题5选项

A.lies

B.combines

C.touches

D.involves

问题6选项

A.some

B.alot

C.little

D.dull

问题7选项

A.Fortunately

B.Infact

C.Logically

D.Unfortunately

问题8选项

A.reuse

B.reread

C.rewrite

D.recite

问题9选项

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.if

问题10选项

A.scales

B.cuts

C.slows

D.measures

问题11选项

A.someone

B.one

C.he

D.reader

问题12选项

A.accelerator

B.actor

C.amplifier

D.observer

问题13选项

A.then

B.as

C.beyond

D.than

问题14选项

A.enabling

B.leading

C.making

D.indicating

问题15选项

A.meaning

B.comprehension

C.gist

D.regression

问题16选项

A.but

B.nor

C.or

D.for

问题17选项

A.our

B.your

C.their

D.sucha

问题18选项

A.Lookat

B.Take

C.Make

D.Consider

问题19选项

A.for

B.in

C.after

D.before

问题20选项

A.master

B.goover

C.present

D.getthrough

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:C

第7题:D

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:C

第11题:B

第12题:A

第13题:D

第14题:C

第15题:B

第16题:A

第17题:C

第18题:B

第19题:D

第20题:D

【解析】1.考查动词辨析。根据原文可知，这里是说“在找工作或升职的过程中……”选项D最符合语境。apply一般和介词for连用；do表示“做”；offer表示“提供”，均不符合原文。

2.考查副词辨析。A选项quickly“快速地”；B选项easily“容易地”；C选项roughly“粗糙地”；D选项decidedly“果断地”。根据句意“阅读和理解的能力是关系到成败的关键”，选项A最符合句意。

3.考查上下文语义。A选项good“好的”；B选项curious“好奇的”；C选项poor“贫穷的，匮乏的”；D选项urgent“紧急的”。根据“Yettheunfortunatefact”以及“Mostofusdeveloppoorreading”可知，前后应该是相反的情况，也就是说大多数人都不擅长阅读。所以选项C正确。

4.考查名词辨析。A选项training“训练”；B选项habits“习惯”；C选项situations“状况”；D选项custom“习俗”。根据句意“我们大多数人在很小的时候就养成了不好的阅读习惯，并且从来没有改掉。”选项B符合句意。

5.考查动词辨析。A选项liein“在于”；B选项combine一般和介词with搭配；C选项touchin“增改”；D选项involvein“涉及，卷入”。根据句意“其最主要的缺点在于语言本身的实际内容——词。”选项A符合句意。

6.考查上下文语义。根据句意“单独来看，单词本身几乎没有意义，只有当串联成短语、句子和段落时才有意义。”表示几乎没有意义用“little”，所以选项C符合句意。

7.考查上下文语义。根据关键词however可知，这里是表示转折的情况。上文提及单词本身没有意义，所以这里想表达“不幸的是，未经训练的读者不会阅读句群。”选项D符合语境。

8.考查动词辨析。A选项reuse“重复使用”；B选项reread“重读”；C选项rewrite“重写”；D选项recite“背诵”。根据原文可知，未经训练的读者费劲地一次读一个单词，并且经常退回去重读单词或段落。选项B符合语境。

9.考查关系词。根据句意“倒退，也就是回头看刚读过的东西的倾向，是阅读中常见的坏习惯。”填空处缺少的词引导的是宾语从句并且在从句中做主语成分，只有选项A符合要求。

10.考查词组辨析。A选项scaledown“按比例减少”；B选项cutdown“削减”；C选项slowdown“减速”；D选项measure“测量”，一般不和介词down搭配。根据原文可知，这里是在讲述另一个降低阅读速度的坏习惯，选项C符合语境。

11.考查上下文语义。破折号后面的句子是对“vocalization”的解释，发声是指一个人在阅读的时候，口头上或心里读出每一个单词。所以这里应该用one来指代“任何一个人”，选项B正确。

12.考查名词辨析。A选项accelerator“加速器”；B选项actor“演员，行动者”；C选项amplifier“放大器，扩音器”；D选项observer“观察者”。which后面引导的非限制性定语从句是对填空处的解释说明。根据句意“将条子(或帘子)以预定的速度沿书页向下移动”，再结合上下文可知，这种设备是用来提高阅读速度的，所以选项A符合语境。

13.考查介词辨析。根据关键词“faster”可知，这里应该使用比较级；再根据句意“为了‘伸展’读者的阅读能力，书中的条子设置得比读者感到舒服的速度稍快一些。”由此可知，只有选项D符合句意。

14.考查动词辨析。A选项enable“使能够”；B选项lead“领导，导致”；C选项make“使得”；D选项indicate“表明”。根据句意“加速器迫使读者快速阅读，使逐字阅读成为不可能。”makesth.impossible“使...成为不可能”，选项C正确。

15.考查名词辨析。A选项meaning“意义”；B选项comprehension“理解”；C选项gist“主旨，要点”；D选项regression“倒退，复原”。根据原文可知，阅读速度提高了，相对应牺牲的是对文章的理解，所以选项B符合语境。

16.考查固定句型搭配。notonly…but(also)…为固定句型，意为“不仅…而且…”，这里是说“当你学会阅读思想和概念时，你不仅会读得更快，而且你的理解力也会提高。”所以选项A正确。

17.考查代词辨析。句子的主语是“Manypeople”，所以这里应使用代词their，所以选项C正确。

18.考查介词辨析。根据关键词“forinstance”可知，这里是以CharlceAu为例，对作者提出的观点进行论证。以…为例用介词“take”，所以选项B正确。

19.考查介词辨析。根据下文的内容可知，这里表达的是“在训练之前，CharlceAu的阅读速度是1分钟172字”，所以选项D正确。

20.考查动词辨析。A选项master“精通，掌握”；B选项goover“复习，重温”；C选项present“赠送，展现”；D选项getthrough“完成，到达”。根据句意“他很高兴他能在短时间内读完更多的阅读材料。”选项D符合语境。

4.单选题

Theplanthasbeen（

）ofthemoneyitneedsformodernization.

问题1选项

A.deleted

B.extracted

C.deprived

D.convinced

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。delete“删除”；extract“提取；榨取”；deprive“使丧失，剥夺”；convince“说服；使确信，使信服”。句意：该工厂已经丧失其进行现代化所需的资金。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Ourtroubleliesinasimpleconfusion,onetowhicheconomistshavebeenpronesincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution.Growthandecologyoperatebydifferentrules.Economiststendtoassumethateveryproblemofscarcitycanbesolvedbysubstitution,byreplacingtunawithtilapia，withoutfactoringinthelong-termenvironmentalimplicationsofeither.Butwhereaseconomiesmightexpand,ecosystemsdonot.Theychange—pinegiveswaytooak,coyotesarriveinNewEngland—andtheyreproducethemselves,buttheydonotincreaseinextentorabundanceyearafteryear.Mosteconomiststhinkofscarcityasalaborproblem,imaginingthatonlyenergyandtechnologyplacelimitsonproduction.Toharvestmorewood,buildabetterchainsaw；topumpmoreoil，drillmorewells；togetmorefood,inventpest-resistantplants.

Thatlogicthrivedonnewfrontiersandmoreintensiveproduction,anditheldofftheprophetsofscarcity—fromThomasRobertMalthustoPaulEhrlich—whosepredictionsoffamineandshortagehavenotcometopass.TheAgriculturalRevolutionthatbeganinseventeenth-centuryEnglandradicallyincreasedtheamountoffoodthatcouldbegrownonanacreofland,andthesamehappenedinthe1960sand1970s,whenfertilizerandhybridizedseedsarrivedinIndiaandMexico.Butthepicturelooksentirelydifferentwhenwechangethescale.Industrialsocietyisroughly250yearsold:makethelasttenthousandyearsequaltotwenty-fourhours,andwehavebeenproducingconsumergoodsandCO2foronlythelastthirty-sixminutes.Dothesameforthepast1millionyearsofhumanevolution,andeverythingfromthesteamenginetothesearchenginefitsintothepasttwenty-oneseconds.Ifwearenotcareful,huntingandgatheringwilllooklikeafarmoresuccessfulstrategyofsurvivalthaneconomicgrowth.Thelatterhaschangedsomuchabouttheearthandhumansocietiesinsolittletimethatitmakesmoresensetobecautiousthantriumphant.

Althoughfoodscarcity,whenitoccurs,isalocalizedproblem,otherkindsofscarcityarealreadyhere.Groundwaterisalarminglylowinregionsallovertheworld,butthemostimmediatethreattogrowthissurelypetroleum.

1.Economistsareproneto（

）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofecosystems?

3.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthepredictionsmadebyThomasRobertMalthusandPaulEhrlich?

4.Whathappenedinthe1960sand1970s?

5.Thepurposeofmentioningthesearchengineistoshow

（

）.

6.Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphimpliesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.emphasizethedifferencesbetweeneconomicgrowthandscarcity

B.seeeconomyfromanecologicalperspective

C.ignoretheenvironmentalimpactofeconomicgrowth

D.usedifferentapproachestoeconomicsandecology

问题2选项

A.Theymaydeteriorate.

B.Theymaybenefitfromtheeconomy.

C.Theyareassociatedwithproductivity.

D.Theyarecloselyrelatedtotechnology.

问题3选项

A.Theyprovedtobeuseful.

B.Theyhavenotcometrue.

C.Theyprovedtobeaccurate.

D.Theyhavenotdrawnenoughattention.

问题4选项

A.LandexpansionoccurredinMexico.

B.FertilizerbegantobeusedinEngland.

C.HybridizedplantsweregrownintheUS.

D.FoodproductionincreasedinIndia.

问题5选项

A.thehighspeedofmodemmachines

B.technologicalprogress

C.popularinterestintheInternet

D.theeconomicimpactofinformationtechnology

问题6选项

A.economicgrowthhasreducedbiodiversityworldwide

B.peopleandnatureshouldcoexistinharmony

C.peopleshouldbeproudoftheirpositioninnature

D.economicgrowthhaschangedtheecosystemrapidly

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:D

【解析】1.细节推理题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“…withoutfactoringinthelong-termenvironmentalimplications...(经济学家并没有考虑到经济发展对环境及生态的长期影响。)”,即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

2.观点态度题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“Butwhereaseconomiesmightexpand,ecosystemsdonot.(但是，尽管经济可能会扩张，生态系统却不会。)”即可得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据“whosepredictionsoffamineandshortagehavenotcometopass.(他们关于饥荒和短缺的预言并没有实现。)”即可得出本题答案。

4.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据“TheAgriculturalRevolutionthatbeganinseventeenth-centuryEnglandradicallyincreasedtheamountoffoodthatcouldbegrownonanacreofland,andthesamehappenedinthe1960sand1970s(始于17世纪英格兰的农业革命极大地提高了一英亩土地上的粮食产量，20世纪60年代和70年代也发生了同样的事情，),”即可得出本题答案。

5.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段倒数第三句。根据“Dothesameforthepast1millionyearsofhumanevolution,andeverythingfromthesteamenginetothesearchenginefitsintothepasttwenty-oneseconds.(在过去100万年的人类进化过程中，同样的事情也会发生，从蒸汽机到搜索引擎，所有的一切都能在过去的21秒内完成。)”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

6.细节推断题。根据题干将信息点定位至原文第二段最后一句。根据“haschangedsomuchabouttheearthandhumansocietiesinsolittletime(在这么短的时间里，地球和人类社会发生了巨大的变化)”即可得出本题答案。

6.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandputyouranswersonAnswerSheet.

TheTombSweepingDayisoneofthetraditionalChineseholidays.IttypicallyfallsonApril4,5,or6ofthesolarcalendar.Thisfestivalwasoriginallycelebratedfortherevivalofnature.Itmarkedthebeginningoftheplantingseasonandotheroutdooractivities.Atthattime,peoplecelebrateditwithdancing,singing,picnics,andspringouting.Lateritgraduatedintoadaytohonorpastancestors.Today,alltheChinesesweeptheirlateancestors’tombswhenthefestivalcomes.Tombsweepingactivitiesusuallyincludeweedingandearthingupthetombs,offeringsacrifices,burningspiritmoney,shootingofffirecrackersandsoon.

【答案】清明节是中国的传统节日之一。它通常是在阳历的4月4日、5日或6日。这个节日最初是为了庆祝大自然的复兴并且标志着种植季节和其他户外活动的开始。在这个节日里，人们以跳舞、唱歌、野餐和春游来庆祝它。后来它逐渐演变成纪念祖先的日子。如今，每逢清明节来临，所有的中国人都会为先人扫墓。扫墓活动通常包括除草、掘土、祭祀、烧纸钱、放鞭炮等。

7.翻译题

Politiciansandthepublicarequicktoblamecollegefacultymembersforthedeclineinlearning,butprofessors—likeallteachers—areworkinginacontextthathasbeencreatedlargelybyothers:

Fewpeopleoutsideofhighereducationunderstandhowlittlecontrolprofessorsactuallyhaveoverwhatstudentscanlearn.

Herearesomereasons:

Lackofstudentpreparation.Increasingly,undergraduatesarenotpreparedadequatelyinanyacademicareabutoftenarrivewithstrongconvictionsabouttheirabilities.Socollegeprofessorsroutinelyencounterstudentswhohaveneverwrittenanythingmorethanshortanswersonexams,whodonotreadmuchatall，wholackfoundationalskillsinmathandscience，yetarecompletelyconvincedoftheirabilitiesandresistanycriticismoftheirwork，tothepointofangerandtears:“ButIearnednothingbutA’sinhighschool,”and“Yourdemandsareunreasonable.”Suchacombinationmakessomestudentsnearlyunteachable.

Gradeinflation.Ithasbecomedifficulttogivestudentshonestfeedback.Theslightestcriticismshavetobecushionedbyawarmblanketofpraiseandencouragementtoavoidprovokingoppositionaldefianceorcompletebreakdowns.

Asaresult,studentprogressisslowed,sharply.Rubric-drivenapproachesgivetheappearanceofobjectivitybutmakegradingseemlikeamatterofchecklists,which,ifcompleted,mustensureanA.Increasingly，time-pressuredcollegeteachersaskthemselves，“Whatgradewillensurenocomplaintfromthestudent，orworse，abattleoverwhethertheinstructionsforanassignmentwereclearenough?”So，thenumberofA-rangegradeskeepsgoingup,andthemotivationforstudentstoexcelkeepsgoingdown.

Studentretention.Asthecollege-agepopulationdeclines,manytuition-driveninstitutionsstruggletofindenoughpayingcustomerstobalancetheirbudgets.Thatmakesitnecessarytorecruitevenmoreunpreparedstudents，whothenmustberetained，shiftingtheburdenforacademicsuccessawayfromthestudentandontotheteacher.

Facultymemberscanworkwithanindividualstudent，iftheyhavetime，butthecapabilitiesofthestudentpopulationasawholedefinetheaveragelevelofrigorthatissustainableintheclassroom.Atsomeinstitutions,graduationratesaresohighbecausetheacademicexpectationsaresolow.Failingalotofstudentsisaseriousrisk,financially,forthecollegeandtheprofessor.

【答案】因此，大学教授遇到的学生往往是这样的：除了会在试卷上写简要答案之外，从不动笔写任何东西，不怎么读书，缺乏基本的数理技能，却对自己的能力信心满满，还拒绝接受任何针对其作业的批评，甚至到了大哭大闹的地步。

稍加批评，就得施以各种赞美鼓励来缓和，以防引发对立情绪，或者情绪完全崩溃。

由于时间压力，越来越多的大学老师自问：“给学生什么样的成绩才能保证他们不抱怨，更糟糕的是，才不会因为作业要求是否清晰而引发纷争?”

因此，就不得不招进更多不合要求的学生，还不得不留下他们，从而将争取学业成功的负担从学生身上转嫁到老师身上。

如果有时间，教师可以进行单独辅导。但是学生的整体能力决定了在课堂上能够严格要求他们的程度。

8.翻译题

1.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese(5marks)

One-thirdoftheUSphysiciansareover65,andthatproportionisexpectedtorise.Asdoctorsinthebabyboomgenerationreach65,manyareunderincreasingfinancialpressuresthatmakethemreluctanttoretire.Manydoctors,ofcourse,retaintheirskillsandsharpnessofmindintotheir70sandbeyond.ButphysiciansarehardlyimmunetoParldnson’sdisease,strokeandotherillsofaging.Andsomeexpertswarnthattherearetoofewsafeguardstoprotectpatientsagainstthosewhoshouldnolongerbepracticing.“Myguessisthatpeoplethinkthereissomefail-safemechanismtoprotectthemfromincompetentphysicians”,Dr.Norcrosssaid.“Thereisnot.”

【答案】三分之一的美国医生年龄在65岁以上，这一比例预计还会上升。随着婴儿潮一代的医生年满65岁，许多人面临着越来越大的经济压力，因此不愿退休。当然，许多医生在70多岁以后仍然保持着他们的技能和敏锐的头脑。但是医生很难对帕尔登森病、中风和其他衰老疾病免疫。一些专家警告说，保护病人免受那些不应该再执业的人伤害的保障措施太少了。诺克罗斯博士说：“我的猜测是，人们认为有某种故障安全机制可以保护他们免受不称职的医生的伤害。然而，实际上是没有的。”

9.单选题

Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Aman,withoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates“invest”ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback“interest”intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,ispunctuatedbytextbooks—thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom—whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefits?

Somuchiscertain:thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirths;butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson“factsandfigures”andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformof“college”imaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedforlife.

Itistheidealconditionofthe“equalstart”whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingtoall.Thereareno“illiterates”一ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeoplewithoutascript—whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEngland1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof“civilized”nations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforewedeemeditnecessarytomakesurethatallourchildrencouldshareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythe“happyfew”duringthepastcenturies.

Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrywhich,inoursociety,oftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.There,achildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparents,thereforethejunglesandthegrasslandsknowofno“juveniledelinquency”.Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildrenandnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilityto“buy”aneducationforhischild.

1.Theword“interest”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorseemstobe（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis（

）.

问题1选项

A.pleasure

B.returns

C.share

D.knowledge

问题2选项

A.againsttheeducationintheveryearlyhistorictimes

B.infavoroftheeducationalpracticeinprimitivecultures

C.quitehappytoseeanequalstartforeveryone

D.positiveaboutourpresenteducationalinstruction

问题3选项

A.theaimof“equalstart”hasalreadybeenreachedamongsavages

B.savagesinancienttimesaremorecivilizedthanmodernpeople

C.themoderneducationsystemismoredemocraticthanbefore

D.therearenoilliteratesincivilizednationsintoday’ssociety

问题4选项

A.Educationcan’tworkwithoutthebenefitsoftextbooks.

B.Wehavenotyetdecidedonoureducationalmodels.

C.Compulsoryschoolingisnotexistentinallnations.

D.Ourspiritualoutlookisbetternowthanbefore.

问题5选项

A.EducationandModernCivilization

B.TheSignificanceofModernEducation

C.EducationalInvestmentandtheProfitItBrings

D.Education:AComparisonbetweenPastandPresent

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据原文句意：由于深信教育的重要性，现代国家“投资”于学习机构，培养一大批开明的，有可能成为领导的青年男女，以此来获得“回报”。“invest”和“interest”相对应，所以选项B正确。

2.根据第三段第一句“Itistheidealconditionofthe“equalstart”whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.”这是“平等起步”的理想状态，只有我们最先进的现代教育形式才试图恢复这种理想状态。由此可以推断，作者似乎赞同原始文化中的平等教育传统，所以选项B符合原文。

3.根据第二段的最后两句，在我们喜欢称之为野蛮人的人群中，所有由传统继承的知识都为所有人所共享;它被教导给部落的每一个成员，因此在这方面，每个人都是平等地为生活做好准备。由此可知，野蛮人已经达到了“平等起步”的目标，所以选项A正确。

4.根据第三段“...ourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEngland1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof“civilized”nations.”德国于1642年将义务教育列入法律条文，法国在1806年，英国是在1876年，但是在一些“文明”国家仍然不存在。由此可知，并非所有的国家都有义务教育，选项C符合原文。

5.结合全文内容可知，本文主要将过去的教育和现代的教育进行对比，指出现代教育的不足之处，选项D最能概括全文，所以正确。

10.不定项选择题

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessionandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak,theU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexamininghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry’swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficientconditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn’tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries________.

2.Amajordifferencebet