考研考博-英语-四川汽车职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川汽车职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

TheeasternpartofAustraliais（）inclimatetothatofthewesternpart.

问题1选项

A.productive

B.superior

C.prosperous

D.splendid

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项productive“多产的”；B选项superior“优越的，上级的”；C选项prosperous“繁荣的，兴旺的”；D选项splendid“辉煌的，灿烂的”。句意：澳大利亚东部的气候比西部的气候好。本句有一个比较关系，besuperiorto“比……好，优于……”，所以B选项正确。因此B选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Itisimportantthatanundergraduate（）agradepointaverageofBinhismajorfield.

问题1选项

A.maintains

B.maintain

C.willmaintain

D.shallmaintain

【答案】B

【解析】Itis+adj.+that从句,从句结构为should+动词原形,should可省略。

3.不定项选择题

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid-1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.

TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarII.Atthattime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessesheretoforeconsidereduntreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,andnewspaperexposescalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.ImprovementsweremadeandDr.DavidVail’sHumanePracticesProgramisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswereslowincominguntiltheearly1910s.Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwho,encouragedbylegalsupport,werequicktodemandtheirrights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjustice,whichonceexposed,wasboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.Patient’sfightsgroupssuccessfullyencouragedreformbylobbyinginstatelegislatures.

Judicialinterventionshavehadsomedefinitepositiveeffects,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingdaytodaycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourt,soitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalhealthcareandassuranceofpatientrightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttask,administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.

1.Whichofthefollowinghappenedinmentalinstitutionsaftereconomicdepression?

2.Itcanbeinferredthat,hadtheCivilRightsmovementnotpromptedaninvestigationofprisonconditions,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,mentalhospitalconditionswereradicallychangedbecauseof（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whoisresponsibleforsurveillanceofgoodpatientcare?

5.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto（）.

问题1选项

A.Patientsbecameinflexibleandinsensitive.

B.Fewerpatientsledtoshortageoffundsandinhumanecare.

C.Morepatientswerereluctanttogethelpfromphysicians.

D.Patientsweredisappointedtoliveinasylums.

问题2选项

A.stateswouldneverhaveestablishedasylumsforthementallyill

B.newtreatmentsformajormentalillnesswouldhavelikelyremaineduntested

C.theCivilRightsmovementinAmericawouldhavebeenpoliticallyineffective

D.conditionsinmentalhospitalsmighthaveescapedjudicialscrutiny

问题3选项

A.agroupofyoungangrymeninthe1900s

B.activeyounglawyersinthe1910s

C.innocentinsanepatient’sprotest

D.powerfulcourtinterventions

问题4选项

A.Thestatecourts.

B.Thepublicinterestlawyers.

C.Thestatementalhealthadministrators.

D.Thehospitals.

问题5选项

A.provideanhistoricalperspectiveonproblemsofmentalhealthcare

B.increasepublicawarenessoftheplightofthementallyill

C.shockthereaderwithvividdescriptionsofasylums

D.describetheinventionofnewtreatmentsformentalillness

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.精神病院变得人满为患，像监狱一样。”和“Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.精神病院成了令人恐惧和沮丧的地方，病人的权利几乎被遗忘。”可知D项与原文相符。A项“病人变得僵硬和麻木”，与原文不符；B项“病人减少导致资金短缺和不人道的护理”，与原文不符；C项“更多的病人不愿意得到医生的帮助”，与原文不符；D项“病人住在精神病院里很失望”，因此D选项正确。

第2题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.当时，民权运动促使律师们调查美国的监狱，那里的黑人比例不成比例，他们转而跟踪囚犯进入唯一比监狱更糟糕的机构——精神病罪犯医院。”可知D项与原文相符。A项“国家将永远不会为精神病人建立精神病院”，与原文不符；B项“针对主要精神病的新治疗将可能仍然未被检验”，与原文不符；C项“美国的民权运动在政治上是无效的，与原文不符；D项“精神病院的条件可能逃脱了司法审查”，因此D选项正确。

第3题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.当时，民权运动促使律师们调查美国的监狱，因为那里的黑人比例不成比例，他们转而跟踪囚犯进入唯一比监狱更糟糕的机构——精神病罪犯医院。”和“Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.这些年轻的公益律师骨干喜欢他们在精神病院的角色。”可知B项与原文相符。A项“20世纪一群愤怒的年轻人”，与原文不符；B项“20世纪10年代活跃的年轻律师”；C项“无辜的精神病患者的抗议”，与原文不符；D项“强大的法院干预”，与原文不符，因此B选项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中“...administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.……管理人员必须承诺制定规则和标准，并提供培训和监督，以确保给予治疗和尊重患者的权利。”可知C项与原文相符。A项“州法院”；B项“公益律师”；C项“国家精神卫生行政人员管理员”；D项“医院”，因此C选项正确。

第5题:主旨大意题。全文主要讲述了美国对于精神患者治疗的发展进程，可知A项与原文相符。A项“提供精神卫生保健问题的历史视角”；B项“提高公众对精神病患者困境的认识”；C项“对精神病院的生动描述使读者震惊”；D项“描述一种新的精神疾病治疗方法的发明”，因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Thatwouldcauseanoutcryandaddseveralpercentagepointstoinflation,andcouldeasilycheckspendingand（）therecoveryinitscradle.

问题1选项

A.impel

B.stage

C.strangle

D.invigorate

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。impel“趋使，推动”；stage“筹划，举行”；strangle“绞杀，使窒息”；invigorate“鼓舞”。句意：这将引起强烈的抗议，并且使通货膨胀增加几个百分点，而且会控制消费，使复苏在摇篮中就被扼杀。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Tendaysagotheyoungmaninformedhisbossofhisintentionto______.

问题1选项

A.resign

B.reject

C.retreat

D.replace

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.resign辞职，辞去（某职务）B.reject拒绝接受；不予考虑

C.retreat退却；撤退D.replace代替，取代

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息informedhisboss（通知了他的老板）可推知，空格处表示“辞职”符合句意，该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】10天前，这个年轻人告诉他的老板他打算辞职。

6.单选题

Becauseofalltheattentionwearegivingtoour"bigideas",wemaystartto（）someoftheotherthingsinlifethatareimportant.

问题1选项

A.losetouchwith

B.getintouchwith

C.loseourtouchwith

D.keepintouchwith

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。losetouchwith“与失去联系（或接触）”；getintouchwith“与联系”；keepintouchwith“与保持联系”；没有搭配loseourtouchwith，选项C排除。句意：由于我们所有的注意力都集中在我们的“大想法”上，所以我们开始很难接触到生活中其他重要的事情。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Ananonymousletter_______policetothepossibilityofaterroristattackattheairport.

问题1选项

A.imposed

B.alerted

C.warned

D.informed

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.imposed使（别人）接受自己的意见B.alerted向……报警，使警惕，使戒备（警告某人危险或紧急情况）

C.warned提醒注意（可能发生的事），使警惕（以便于避免某事，尤指可能发生的危险或不愉快的事情）D.informed知会，通知（尤指以官方的方式告诉某人某事）

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】横线处和police构成动宾搭配关系，指的是有人匿名向警察报警，说可能会有人袭击机场，alerted符合语境，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合语境。

【句意】一封匿名信提醒警方注意机场可能会发生恐怖袭击。

8.单选题

Althoughheisveryrich,hisundutifulchildrenarethe______ofhislife.

问题1选项

A.torch

B.torment

C.topic

D.topper

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项torch“火把、火炬”；B项torment“折磨、痛苦”；C项topic“主题”；D项topper“第一流人物、大礼帽”；句意：虽然他很有钱，但他那些不孝顺的孩子是他生活中的折磨。因此该题B项正确。

9.单选题

YoucanarriveinLondonearlierforthemeeting（）youdon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.

问题1选项

A.provided

B.unless

C.though

D.until

【答案】A

【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项provided“假如，倘若”；B选项unless“除非”；C选项though“尽管”；D选项until“直到”。根据句意：如果你不介意坐晚上的火车，那么你可以早点到达伦敦开会。后者是前者的条件，所以填入表示条件的连词provided,选项A正确。

10.单选题

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

问题1选项

A.annoyance

B.offence

C.resentment

D.irritation

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。takeoffenceatsth.,意为“对某事生气”。选项B符合句意。

11.单选题

Fromhisdirections,itshouldn'tbedifficultto（

）thebeachhouseinthemap,eventhoughyouhaveneverbeentherebefore.

问题1选项

A.determine

B.locate

C.unearth

D.ascertain

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。determine“确定某事物，决定”；locate“找出;使坐落于”；unearth“发掘，掘出”；ascertain“确定，查明”。句意：根据他的指示，你不难在地图上找到那栋海滨别墅的地点，即使你从来没有去过那个地方。

12.单选题

Justastheauthor’sbookoneelsisoftenakeytextforcoursesinmarinevertebratezoology,theirideasonanimaldevelopmentandphylogeny（）teachinginthisarea.

问题1选项

A.prevent

B.defy

C.replicate

D.inform

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项prevent“预防，防止；阻止；妨碍，阻止”；B选项defy“藐视；公然反抗；挑衅；使落空”；C选项replicate“复制；折叠；重复；折转”；D选项inform“通知；告诉；报告；告发；告密”。句意：就像作者关于鳗鱼的书经常是海洋脊椎动物学课程的关键文本一样，他们关于动物发展和系统发育的观点也影响着这一领域的教学。因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

Thekidsarehangingout.Ipasssmallbandsofstudents,inmywaytoworkthesemornings.Theyhavebecomeafamiliarpartofthesummerlandscape.Thesekidsarenotoldenoughforjobs.Noraretheyrichenoughforcamp.Theyareschoolchildrenwithoutschool.Thecalendarcalledtheschoolyearranoutonthemafewweeksago.Oncesupervisedbyteachersandprincipals,theynowappeartobein"selfcare".

Passingthemislikepassingthroughatimezone.Formuchofourhistory,afterall,Americansarrangedtheschoolyeararoundtheneedsofworkandfamily.In19th-centurycities,schoolswereopensevenoreighthoursaday,11monthsayear.InruralAmerica,theyearwasarrangedaroundthegrowingseason.Now,only3percentoffamiliesfollowtheagriculturalmodel,butnearlyallschoolsarescheduledasifourchildrenwenthomeearlytomilkthecowsandtookmonthsofftoworkthecrops.Now,three-quartersofthemothersofschool-agechildrenwork,butthecalendariswrittenasiftheywerehomewaitingfortheschoolbus.

Thesix-hourday,the180-dayschoolyearisregardedassomethingholy.Butwhenparentsworkaneight-hourdayanda240-dayyear,somethingdifferent.Itmeansthatmanykidsgohometoemptyhouses.Itmeansthat,inthesummer,theyhangout.

“Wehaveahugemismatchbetweentheschoolcalendarandrealitiesoffamilylife.”saysDr.ErnestBoyer,headoftheCarnegieFoundationfortheAdvancementofTeaching.

Dr.Boyerisoneofmanywhobelievethataradicalrevisionoftheschoolcalendarisinevitable.“School,whetherwelikeitornot,iseducational.Italwayshasbeen.”

Hisisnotpopularidea.Schoolsareroutinelyburdenedwiththejobofsolvingalloursocialproblems.Cantheybeaskedtomeettheneedsofourworkandfamilylives?

Inmaybeeasiertopromotealongerschoolyearonitseducationalmeritsand,indeed,theeducationalcaseiscompelling.Despitethecomplaintsandstudiesaboutourkids'lackoflearning,theUnitedStatestillhasashorterschoolyearthananyindustrialnation.InmostofEurope,theschoolyearis220days.InJapan,itis240dayslong.Whileclassroomtimealonedoesn'tproduceawell-educatedchild,learningtakestimeandmorelearningtakesmoretime.Thelongsummersofforgettingtakeatoll.

Theoppositiontoalongerschoolyearcomesfromfamiliesthatwanttoandcanprovideotherexperiencesfortheirchildren.Itcomesfromteachers.Itcomesfromtradition.Andsurelyfromkids.Butthemostimportantpartoftheconflicthasbeenoverthemoney.

1.Whichofthefollowingisanopinionoftheauthor's?

2.ThecurrentAmericanschoolcalendarwasdevelopedinthe19thcenturyaccordingto（

）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatthecurrentschoolcalendar

（

）.

4.WhywasDr.Boyer'sideaunpopular?

5.Themainpurposeofthepassageis（

）.

问题1选项

A.“Thekidsarehangingout.”

B.“Theyareschoolchildrenwithoutschool.”

C.“Thesekidsarenotoldenoughforjobs.”

D.“Thecalendarcalledtheschoolyearranoutonthemafewweeksago.”

问题2选项

A.thegrowingseasononnation'sfarm

B.thelabordemandsoftheindustrialage

C.teachers'demandsformorevacationtime

D.parents'demandsforotherexperiencesfortheirkids

问题3选项

A.isstillvalid

B.isoutofdate

C.cannotberevised

D.cannotbedefended

问题4选项

A.Hearguesfortheroleofschoolinsolvingsocialproblems

B.Hesupportsthecurrentschoolcalendar

C.Hethinksthatschoolyearandfamilylifeshouldbeconsideredseparately

D.Hestronglybelievesintheeducationalroleofschool

问题5选项

A.todescribehowAmericanchildrenspendtheirsummer

B.toexplaintheneedsofthemodernworkingfamilies

C.todiscusstheproblemsofthecurrentschoolcalendar

D.topersuadeparentstostayathometolookaftertheirkids

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.观点态度题。根据第一段的描述可知，作者主要想表达的是孩子们上学的时间太短，很多时间都在外面闲逛。所以选项A是作者的观点，其他选项都是事实。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段三四句“In19th-centurycities,schoolswereopensevenoreighthoursaday,11monthsayear.InruralAmerica,theyearwasarrangedaroundthegrowingseason.”在19世纪的城市，学校每天开放7到8小时，一年11个月。在美国农村，一年是围绕着（农作物）生长季节来安排的。选项A符合原文。

3.推理判断题。根据第二段“Now,only3percentoffamiliesfollowtheagriculturalmodel,”现在，只有3%的家庭遵循农业模式。由此可知，作者认为现有的上学时间安排已经不适用于现在的情况，也就是已经过时了，所以选项B正确。

4.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的内容，他(Dr.Boyer)的想法不受欢迎。学校通常肩负着解决我们所有社会问题的重担。它们能满足我们工作和家庭生活的需要吗？由此可知，Dr.Boyer的想法不受欢迎的原因是他坚信学校的教育作用，选项D符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是当前上学时间安排存在的问题。选项C最能概括全文。

14.翻译题

Itisacommonprobleminthenon-familyownedprivatelimitedcompany:shareholder/directorwantstoretireorleavethebusiness,butoneormoreofhisfellowshareholders/directorswanttocontinue.1.Itiseasyenoughforadirectortoretire,butthelikelihoodisthathewillwanttocashinonhisshareswhichhaveaccumulatedsomevalueovertheperiodofhisparticipationinthebusiness.Frequently,though,hisfellowshareholder/director(s)donothavethefinancialresourcestoacquirethesharesattheirmarketvalue.Awidevarietyofoptionsexist,butpurchaseofownsharesbythecompanyisoneofthemostuseful.

Purchaseofownsharesisexactlywhatsaysitis:thecompanyacquiresthesharesfromtheshareholders.Inprinciple,itisasimpleconceptbutonewhichiscoveredbyanumberofveryimportantlegislativeprovisions,bothincompanyandtaxlaw.2.Althoughatfirstsightthelegislationappearstoobstructwhatmightotherwisebeasimpleprocess,itactuallyexisttofacilitatethepurchase,whileprotectingthecreditors(sofarascompanylawisconcerned).Infact,theprovisionaretoonumeroustocoverindetailinafewwordsandthisarticleisdesignedtooutlinetherules,regulationsandoptions.

3.Itwasalwaysthecasethatacompanycouldnotacquireitsownshares,becauseindoingsoitwasobtainingownershipofitself,whichiscontrarytothemostfundamentallegalprinciplessurroundingthenatureandexistenceofcompanies.TheCompanyAct1981changedallthatandtheprovisionsitintroducedarenowincorporatedintotheCompanyAct1985.

4.Inessence,providedacompanyispermittedtodosobyitsMemorandumandArticlesofAssociation,anycompanycannowacquireitsownshares(subjecttotherebeingatleastoneleft).Becausepurchaseofownsharesisarelativelyrecentinnovation,manycompanies’MemorandumandArticlesofAssociationdonotcontainthisprovisionbutappropriateprovisionscanbeincludedbySpecialResolution,requiringa75%majority.

5.Althoughthepurchasemustnormallybemadeoutoftheproceedsofafreshissueofsharesandorofdistributableprofits,importantprovisionexistforprivatecompaniestomakethepurchaseoutofcapital.Ifdistributableprofitsareinsufficientthen,providedthecompanyissolventaftertheredemptionandisbelievedbydirectorstobegoingconcernforafurtheryear,thenthepurchasecangoahead.

【答案】1.对一个董事来说，只是想退休很容易，但他可能想要将他在参与公司经营期间积累了一定价值的股份变现。

2.虽然乍一看，这项立法似乎阻碍了原本可能简单的程序，但它实际上是为了在促进购买的同时保护债权人（就公司法而言）的权利。

3.通常情况下，一个公司不能购买自己的股份，因为这样做是获得自己的所有权，这违反了关于公司的性质和存在的最基本的法律原则。

4.从本质上来说，只要一家公司的组织大纲和章程允许它这样做，任何公司现在都可以收购自己的股份（前提是至少还有一股剩下）。

5.尽管这种购买通常必须用新发行的股票和（或）可分配利润的收益进行，但对私营公司来说，也存在可以用资本购买的重要规定。

15.单选题

Usuallyalternatingcurrent(AC)transmissionsufferslowerlossesthandirectcurrent(DC),andthus,ACbecametheindustrystandard.Somepeople,however,questionthatstandardbecauseoverlongdistanceshigh-voltageDClinessufferlowerlossesthanAC.Notonlydoesthatmakethembetterintheirownright,butemployingthemwouldallowelectricitygridstoberestructuredinwaysthatwouldmakewindpowermoreattractive.Thatwouldreducetheneedfornewconventional(andpolluting)powerstations.

Windpowerhassomeproblems.Youdon’talwaysgetitwhereyouwantitandyoudon’talwaysgetitwhenyouwantit.Thequestionofwherethewindisblowingwouldnolongermatterbecauseitisalmostalwaysblowingsomewhere.IfitwerewindyinSpainbutnotinIreland,currentwouldflowinonedirection.Dealingwithwhenthewindblowsisasubtlerissue.Forinstance,animportantpartofDrSchmid’scontinentalgridisthebranchtoNorway.ItisnotthatNorwayisahugeconsumer.Rather,thecountryiswellsuppliedwithhydroelectricplants.Theseareoneofthefewwaysthatenergyfromtransientsourceslikethewindcanbestoredingrid-fillingquantities.Thepowerisusedtopumpwaterupintothereservoirsthatfeedthehydroelectricturbines.Thatwayitisontapwhenneeded.Thecapacityof“Norway’sreservoirsissolarge,accordingtoDrSchmid,thatshouldthewinddropalloverEurope—whichdoeshappenonrareoccasions—thehydroplantscouldspringintoactionandfillinthegapforuptofourweeks.

Putlikethis,aEurope-widegridseemsanobviousidea.ThatithasnotyetbeenbuiltisbecauseACpowerlineswouldlosetoomuchpoweroversuchlargedistances.HencetherenewedinterestinDC.DrSchmidcalculatesthataDCgridofthesortheenvisageswouldallowwindtosupplyatleast30%ofthepowerneededinEurope.Moreover,itcoulddosoreliably—andthatmeanswindpowercouldbeusedforwhatisknowninthejargonasbase-loadpowersupply.

Thoughwindpowerhasitsopponents,too,itsenvironmentalvirtuesmightbeenoughtoswingthingsinitsfavorifitwerealsoreliable.Indeed,agroupofNorwegiancompanieshavealreadystartedbuildinghigh-voltageDClinesbetweenScandinavia,theNetherlandsandGermany,thoughtheseareintendedasmuchtosellthecountry’spowerastoaccumulateotherpeople’s.AndAirtricity—anIrishwind-powercompany—plansevenmoreofthem.ItproposeswhatitcallsaSupergrid.ThiswouldlinkoffshorewindfarmsintheAtlanticOceanandtheIrish,NorthandBalticseaswithcustomersthroughoutnorthernEurope.

51.Bysaying“makethembetterintheirownright”(Paragraph1),theauthormeans______.

52.By“currentwouldflowinonedirection”(Paragraph2),theauthorisactuallyreferringto______.

53.HowwillconsumersthinkofaDCelectricitygrid?

54.WhydoesDrSchmid’scontinentalgridlocateinNorway?

55.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.realizetherightofDC

B.makeDCsufferlowerlosses

C.makeDCmoreusefulthanAC

D.makebetteruseofDCtotransferpower

问题2选项

A.currentflowsfromSpaintoIreland

B.currentflowsfromIrelandtoSpain

C.currentflowsfromIrelandtootherplaces

D.currentflowsfromSpaintootherplaces

问题3选项

A.Useless

B.Feasible

C.Troublesome

D.Comfortable

问题4选项

A.Tomakeuseofthecountry’scapacityofreservoirs.

B.Tomakeuseofthecountry’srichwindpower.

C.ItissimplyDrSchmid’spersonalpreference.

D.BecausetraditionalpowerplantsinNorwaycannotmeetconsumers’demand.

问题5选项

A.Windpowerhaswonuniversalsupport.

B.Companieshesitatetoinvestinwindpower.

C.Theprospectofwindpowersofarseemsverypositive.

D.WindfarmsonoceanscansupplypowerdemandofthewholeEuropeinthefuture.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】51.推理判断题。题干意思是“第一段通过说‘makethembetterintheirownright’，作者的意思是……”。根据题干定位到文章的第一段第三句Notonlydoesthatmakethembetterintheirownright…（这不仅使高压直流电本身更好……），通过该句的前一句becauseoverlongdistanceshigh-voltageDClinessufferlowerlossesthanAC（因为长距离高压直流线路比交流线路损耗小）可知，作者说这句话的意思是指由于高压直流电缆损失的电量比交流电缆少，通过这个方法能够更加充分利用直流电来传输电能；所以D项“更好地利用直流来传递功率”符合题意。A项“实现直流电的使用”表述不够全面；B项“使直流电损耗更低”不符合题意，这是利用直流电传输电能原因，而不是使用直流电的目的；C项“使直流电比交流电更有用”，表述太笼统，不够具体。因此，该题选择D项正确。

52.推理判断题。题干意思是“第二段说‘电流将流向一个方向’，作者实际上是指……”。第二段第四句提到IfitwerewindyinSpainbutnotinIreland,currentwouldflowinonedirection.（如果西班牙有风，而爱尔兰没有，电流就会朝一个方向流动），这句话是对上一句Thequestionofwherethewindisblowingwouldnolongermatterbecauseitisalmostalwaysblowingsomewhere.（风吹向哪里的问题将不再重要，因为它几乎总是吹向某个地方）而进行的说明；即如果西班牙有风而爱尔兰没有风，那么只要把电流从西班牙往爱尔兰方向传送就可以了，所以A项“电流从西班牙流向爱尔兰”正确。B项“电流从爱尔兰流向西班牙”错误；C项“电流从爱尔兰流向其他地方”和D项“电流从西班牙流向其他地方”表述也都不正确。因此，该题选择A项正确。

53.推理判断题。题干意思是“消费者将如何看待直流电网？”。文章第三段指出建设直流电网可以节约在传输过程中浪费的电能，从第三段前几句Putlikethis,aEurope-widegridseemsanobviousidea.ThatithasnotyetbeenbuiltisbecauseACpowerlineswouldlosetoomuchpoweroversuchlargedistances.HencetherenewedinterestinDC.（这样看来，建立一个覆盖整个欧洲的电网似乎是一个显而易见的主意；之所以还没有建成，是因为交流电线路在这么长的距离上会损失太多的电力；因此，人们对直流电重新产生了兴趣）可以推断，人们对直流电网的态度是“可行的”，所以B项“可行”正确。A项“无用”、C项“麻烦”和D项“舒适”都不符合原文意思。因此，该题选择B项正确。

54.细节事实题。题干意思是“为什么施密德博士的大陆网格位于挪威？”。第二段提到Forinstance,animportantpartofDrSchmid’scontinentalgridisthebranchtoNorway.ItisnotthatNorwayisahugeconsumer.Rather,thecountryiswellsuppliedwithhydroelectricplants.（例如，施密德博士的大陆电网的一个重要组成部分就位于挪威；这并不是说挪威是一个电能消耗巨大的国家；相反，这个国家拥有充足的水力发电站），由此可知，施密德博士的大陆网格位于挪威的原因是因为挪威拥有足够的水库，所以A项“利用国家的水库容量”正确。B项“充分利用该国丰富的风能”错误；C项“这只是施密德博士的个人偏好”，文中没有相关信息可以推断；D项“因为挪威的传统发电厂不能满足消费者的需求”文中没有提及相关信息。因此，该题选择A项正确。

55.推理判断题。题干意思是“根据短文，下列哪项是正确的？”。根据最后一段第一句Thoughwindpowerhasitsopponents,too,itsenvironmentalvirtuesmightbeenoughtoswingthingsinitsfavorifitwerealsoreliable.（虽然风能也有其反对者，但如果它是可靠的，它的环保优点可能足以让事情朝着有利于它的方向发展）可以推断，风力发电的前景是非常乐观的，所以C项“到目前为止，风力发电的前景似乎非常乐观”正确。A项“风能得到了普遍的支持”错误，最后一段提到了风力发电有反对者；根据Indeed,agroupofNorwegiancompanieshavealreadystartedbuildinghigh-voltageDClinesbetweenScandinavia,theNetherlandsandGermany（事实上，一些挪威公司已经开始在斯堪的纳维亚半岛、荷兰和德国之间建造高压直流输电线路）可知B项“公司对投资风力发电犹豫不决”错误；最