考研考博-英语-大连商务职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连商务职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

IputmveartotheobjectandlistenedcarefullyasIfirsttappeditlightlywithachopstickandthenstrikeditwithahammer;Iwantedtofindoutifitwashollow,preferablywithoutbreakingit.

问题1选项

A.Iputmveartotheobject

B.asIfirsttappeditlightly

C.thenstrikeditwithahammer

D.washollow,preferably

E.没有问题

【答案】C

【解析】动词误用。striked改为knocked。后面提到“withoutbreakingit”,这种程度应该用Knocked合适。

2.单选题

Einstein’stheoryofrelativityseemedhardtobelieveatthetime______.

问题1选项

A.thathefirstintroducedit

B.whenhefirstintroduced

C.hefirstintroduced

D.whichhefirstintroducedit

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.thathefirstintroducedit他第一次介绍它B.whenhefirstintroduced他第一次介绍

C.hefirstintroduced他第一次介绍D.whichhefirstintroducedit他第一次介绍它

【考查点】定语从句。

【解题思路】分析句子可知，atthetime（在那时）为句子的时间状语从句，句意是“爱因斯坦的相对论在当时似乎难以置信”，空格处为定语从句修饰atthetime，引导词在定语从句中充当时间状语，所以从句主谓宾必须完整，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】

B、C项缺少宾语it；

D项which应该改为atwhich。

【句意】当爱因斯坦第一次提出相对论时，他的理论似乎难以置信。

3.翻译题

Oneofthemostdifficultsituationsthataresearchercanencounteristoseeorsuspectthatacolleaguehasviolatedtheethicalstandardsoftheresearchcommunity.Itiseasytofindexcusestodonothing,butsomeonewhohaswitnessedmisconducthasanunmistakableobligationtoact.Atthemostimmediatelevel,misconductcanseriouslyobstructordamageone’sownresearchortheresearchofcolleagues.Morebroadly,evenasinglecaseofmisconductcanmalignscientistsandtheirinstitutions,resultintheimpositionofcounterproductiveregulations,andshakepublicconfidenceintheintegrityofscience.

【答案】看到或怀疑同事违反了研究界的伦理标准是研究人员可能遇到的最困难的情况之一。找个借口什么都不做很容易，但目睹了不当行为的人，显然有义务采取行动。从最直接的层面来说，不当的行为可能严重阻碍甚至毁掉自己或同事的研究。从更广泛的层面来说，即使只是一个不当的行为，也可以损害科学家及其机构声誉，导致实施适得其反的规定，并且动摇公众对科学诚信的信心。

4.翻译题

Scientistsstudytheworldinwhichwelive.Theydothisbycuriosityandtheycanbecomeexciteduponmakingnoveldiscoveriesandbyfindingmeanstoexplainyetunsolvedquestions.Butscientistsarenormallynotselfish;theyliketosharetheirexcitementwithotherpeople.Theypublishtheirfindingssothatthesebecomewidelyaccessibletoallthoseinterested.

Infact,theycommunicatetheirresultsalsointheirowninterest.Scientistsareeagertotalkwithotherscientistsworkingonthesameandsimilarproblems.Byexchangingresultsandideas,theyhaveabetterchanceofsuccessandtheycanreachtheirgoalmorerapidly.Mostoftentheobjectivesoftheirstudy,beingitinthefieldsofphysics,chemistryorbiology,sharethesamepropertiesanywhereintheworld.ThelawsofnaturearethesameinEuropeandinChina.Forthissimplereasonthedialoguebetweenscientistsdoesnotstopatpoliticalborders.Whereverintheworldascientistfindsacolleagueexploringthesameproblem,anexchangeoftheirknowledgecanhelpthemtoadvancetheirstudies.Forthesereasonsinternationalcollaborationbetweenscientistsisflourishing.

Thereareagreatmanypeoplewhohaveallthematerialconditionsofhappiness,i.e.healthandasufficientincome,andwho,nevertheless,areprofoundlyunhappy.Insuchcasesitwouldseemasifthefaultmustliewithawrongtheoryastohowtolive.Inonesense,wemaysaythatanytheoryastohowtoliveiswrong.Weimagineourselvesmoredifferentfromtheanimalsthanweare.Animalsliveonimpulse,andarehappyaslongasexternalconditionsarefavorable.Ifyouhaveacat,itwillenjoylifeifithasfoodandwarmthandopportunitiesforanoccasionalnightonthetiles.Yourneedsaremorecomplexthanthoseofyoucat,buttheystillhavetheirbasisininstinct.Incivilizedsocieties,especiallyinEnglish-speakingsocieties,thisistooapttobeforgotten.Peopleproposetothemselvessomeparamountobjective,andrestrainallimpulsesthatdonotministertoit.

【答案】科学家研究我们居住的这个世界。他们受好奇心驱使，当有新发现、发现方法来解释那些未解之谜时他们会变得兴奋。科学家一般都不自私，他们乐于将喜悦分享给他人。他们将自己的发现出版，这样全世界对此有兴趣的人都能接触到。

事实上，他们交流结果也是为了自己。科学家们渴望与其他研究相同和类似问题的同行交流。通过交换结果和想法，他们成功的机会更大，能更快达到目标。通常他们研究的目标大部分是属于物理、化学或者生物领域的，这些在世界上任何地方都有相同的特质。欧洲和中国的自然规律都是一样的。正是这个原因使得科学家之间的对话不会为政治界限所阻。只要科学家发现有同行在研究同一个问题，无论在世界何处，交换各自的知识就能帮助对方推进研究。由于这些原因，科学家之间的国际合作蓬勃发展。

很多人具备所有快乐的条件，比如健康以及足够的收入，但是他们却并不快乐。就这种情况来说，似乎问题出在生活理论的错误上。在某个意义上，我们可以说任何关于生活的理论都是错误的。我们和动物的区别并没有想象中的大。动物的生活是冲动性的，只要外部条件合适，它们就会很快乐。如果你有一只猫，它只要有东西吃，感到暖和，晚上偶尔有机会出去玩，它就会很快乐。你的需求远比你的猫的要复杂，但还是以本能为基础的。在文明社会中，尤其是在讲英语的国家，这一点很容易被人遗忘。人们给自己提出一个至高无上的目标，并抑制一切不利于实现这一目标的冲动。

5.单选题

Yearsaftertheaccidenthewasstill（

）byimagesofdeathanddestruction.

问题1选项

A.twisted

B.haunted

C.dipped

D.submerged

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。twist“缠绕，扭曲”；haunt“（指鬼魂）常出没于（某处）”；dip“浸，泡”；submerge“淹没”。句意：事故发生后好多年死亡和毁灭的景象仍然萦绕于他的脑海中。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Don’trepeatwhathesaid;pleasegivemethehighlights:That’smyconcern.

问题1选项

A.summaries

B.details

C.gist

D.opinions

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.summaries总结B.details细节

C.gist主旨；要点D.opinions观点

【答案】C

【考查点】名词辨析

【解题思路】原句语义为“请告诉我____”，前文提到“不要重复他说过的话”，原词highlights“重点；要点”，侧重于指最精彩、最重要的部分，C选项gist“主旨；要点”最符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项summaries“总结”侧重于指对内容的概括，没有C选项符合原句语义；

B选项details“细节”，不符合原句语义；

D选项opinions“观点”，不符合原句语义。

【句意】不要重复他说过的话；请告诉我重点：这是我关心的问题。

7.单选题

Harnessingthewindto（）electricitydatesbackto1890.

问题1选项

A.manufacture

B.yield

C.grow

D.generate

【答案】D

【解析】句意:利用风来发电可追溯到1890年。

考查动词辨析。Manufacture制造,加工;yield出产(作物),产生(收益、效益等),提供,放弃;grow扩大,增加,增强;generate产生,引起,发(电)。故D符合句意。

8.单选题

Anelderlymanhas______doctorsatthelocalhospitalbylivingafterhewasofficiallydeclareddead.

问题1选项

A.confounded

B.concurred

C.conflated

D.connived

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项confound“使混淆，使困惑惊讶”，B项concur“同意，一致，互助”，C项conflate“合并，异文合并”，D项connive“共谋，纵容，默许”。由livingafterhewasofficiallydeclareddead“在他被正式宣布死亡后还活着”可知，“使惊讶”符合语境。句意：一位老人在被正式宣布死亡后还活着，这让当地医院的医生们感到困惑。因此，该题选择A项正确。

9.问答题

Thementakingpart,ontheotherhand,areclearlyrecognizable.Thereisnothingabout

theirappearancetosuggestthat

theybelongtoanentirelydifferentage.Thisillusioniscreatedby

A

bychangingfashions.Overtheyears,thegreatmajorityofmenhavesuccessfullyresistedall

B

C

attemptstomakeitchangetheirstyleofdress.Thesamecannotbesaidforwomen.

D

【答案】试题答案：D;them

【解析】考查代词。由“thegreatmajorityofmen”可知此处对应的代词应用复数形式。

10.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

CloningandFinancialCrisisRecently,anearlydecadeoldpaperontheeconomiceffectsofhumancloningbyaFrencheconomicsprofessorhasbeengettingsomeattention.(46)Thepaperarguesthatratherthananarmyoflow-levelclonedworkersorfightersasispredictedinHuxley’sBraveNewWorldorStarWars,cloningwillleadtomoreandmorehigherskilledworkers.That’sbecausethereturnsofcloningpeoplewhocanmakealotofmoneywillbehigherthancloningaverageJoes.Andwhenitcomestocloning,we’reinitforthemoney,justlikeeverythingelse.What’smore,itwillprobablybeonlytherichwhowillbeabletoaffordtoclonethemselvesatthestart.

Theresult,atleastatfirst,willbearapidriseinouralreadydisturbinglevelsofincomeinequality.Cloneswillearnmoreandmoremoney,andthoseofuswhoreproducetheoldfashionwaywilllikelyhavepoorerandpooreroffspring.(47)Recently,BarbaraKiviatwrotetwoessaysonhowincomeinequalitywasamajorcontributortothefinancialcrisis.Soyoudothemath.Ifcloningleadstoincomeinequalityandincomeinequalityleadstofinancialcrises,thenwe’vegotaproblem.Here’swhy:

(48)Oneoftheknocksonfinancialreformisthatitisregulationthroughtherearviewmirror.Lawmakersfocusonstoppingwhatcausedthemostrecentfinancialcrisis.Soafterthetechbubble,newruleswereputintoplacetostopWallStreetfromusinganalyststopushworthlessstocks.ThewayWallStreetdidIPOscameunderscrutiny.AndawholesetofruleswereputinplacetotrytostopaccountingfraudslikeEnron.

(49)Weallknownowthatnoneofthosereformsdidlittletostopthelatestfinancialcrisis,whichwasdrivennotbystocks,butbyhousingprices,laxlendingandunsoundrisktakingbyWallStreet.Sonowweareputtingreformsinplacetoreigninriskybehavioratbanks,andtoregulatethederivativesthatfacilitatebighiddenfinancialbetsandaddconsumerprotectionsthatwilleliminatetheabilitytomakebadloansinthefirstplace.

Allgoodthings.Noneofthatthoughaddressestheobviousrealthingweshouldallbeconcernedaboutwhenitcomestofinancialcrises:HumanCloning.(50)Thepaper,whichwaswrittenbyGillesSaint-Paul,aprofessorattheToulouseSchoolofEconomicsinFrance,hasasurprisingamountofmathforatopicsuchashumancloning,whichtothebestofmyknowledgedoesn’tyetexist.Andithassomeoutthereideas,liketheguessthatsurrogatemothersmightsoonhavesalariesthatmatchWallStreet.Ifclonedbabieshavehigherexpectedincomelevels,thenpeoplewillpaymoreforthemtobemade.Sobirthingacloneequalscha-ching.

【答案】【参考译文】

46.这篇论文认为，与赫胥黎在《美丽新世界》或《星球大战》中预测的一群低智商克隆工人或一支战斗的军队不同，克隆将带来越来越多的高技能熟练工人。

47.最近，芭芭拉•基维亚特写了两篇文章，论述收入不平等是如何成为金融危机的主要促成因素。让我们来考虑一下。如果克隆导致收入不平等，而收入不平等导致金融危机，那么我们就发现了问题的症结。

48.金融改革受到的批评之一是，这是每次都是通过“后视镜”进行监管。议员们的重点是阻止导致最近金融危机的原因。因此，在科技泡沫破灭后，新的规则出台以阻止华尔街利用分析师推销毫无价值的股票。

49.我们现在都知道，所有这些改革都对阻止最新的金融危机收效甚微。这场危机的驱动因素不是股市，而是房价、宽松的贷款和华尔街不健全的冒险行为。

50.由法国图卢兹经济学院的教授吉勒斯•圣保罗撰写的这篇论文对克隆人这一课题做了大量研究，据我所知，克隆人还不存在。

11.单选题

Thegovernmentistryingtohelptheseenterprisesoutofthe______byvariousmeans.

问题1选项

A.flight

B.plight

C.delight

D.twilight

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项flight“班机；逃走”；B选项plight“困境；誓约”；C选项delight“高兴”；D选项twilight“暮色；衰退期”。句意：政府正试图通过各种方式帮助这些企业走出______。根据语境，这里是指政府帮助遇到麻烦的企业，所以plight“困境”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

FastReading

Newspapers

Newspapersaretheoriginalformofbroadbandcommunication,adistinctionnotalwaysrecognizedintheageoftheInternet.Longbeforewehadcomputers,televisions,radios,telephonesandtelegraphs,newspaperswerethecheapestandmostefficientwaytoreachmassaudienceswithnews,commentaryandadvertising.Newspapers,fromtheirbeginningsashand-printed“broadsheets”,havebeenatruerandom-accessmedium-readerscanmoveeasilyandquicklythroughthedifferentsectionsofanewspaper,returningtothemdaysorevenweekslater.Andbecauseanewspaper’s“software”consistsofacommonlanguage,itpossessesauniversalandtimelessquality.

WhatDidtheGrowthofTVNewsMeantoNewspapers?

Withthegrowthoftelevisionnewsinthe1960s,newspapersconfrontedtheirfirstformidablecompetitor.Today,ABCNewsclaimsthatmoreAmericansgettheirnewsfromABCthanfromanyothersource—andit’sprobablytrue.TheUnitedStates’1,600dailynewspaperscontinuetoservemillionsofreaders,butnewspapersarenolongerthecountry’sdominantmassmedium.Howtosurviveandevenflourishinaculturemoreattunedto（吻合）electronicmediathantoprinter’sinkisthemostseriousissuefacingthenewspaperindustryasitentersthe21stcentury.

ItissafetosaythatnewspapersarenotabouttofollowtheMorsetelegraphintooblivion.Newspapersareaportableconvenientmedium.Noonelugsacomputermonitortothebreakfasttabletogetthemorningnews.And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.

WhatExactlyIsNewsandHowDoesItWork?

Curiously,forapublicationcalledanewspaper,noonehasevercoinedastandarddefinitionofnews.Butforthemostpart,newsusuallyfallsunderonebroadclassification-theabnormal.Itishumanfolly,mechanicalfailuresandnaturaldisastersthatoften“makethenews”.Reportersareanewspaper’sfront-lineeyesandears.Reportersglean（收集）informationfrommanysources,somepublic,suchaspolicerecords,andothersprivate,suchasagovernmentinformant.Occasionally,areporterwillgotojailratherthanrevealthenameofaconfidentialsourceforanewsstory.Americannewspapersproudlyconsiderthemselvesthefourthbranchofgovernment—thewatchdogbranch—thatexposeslegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.

Somereportersareassignedtobeats,oranareaofcoverage,suchasthecourts,cityhall,education,business,medicineandsoforth.Othersarecalledgeneralassignmentreporters,whichmeanstheyareoncallforavarietyofstoriessuchasaccidents,civiceventsandhuman-intereststories.Inthemovies,reportershaveexciting,frenzied（狂热的）anddangerousjobsastheyliveafamouspronouncementofthenewspaperbusiness:“Comforttheafflictedandafflictthecomfortable.”Althoughafewmembersofthemediahavebeenkilledasaresultofinvestigationsintowrongdoing,newspaperworkforthegreatmajorityofreportersisroutine.

Allreportersareultimatelyresponsibletoaneditor.Dependingonitssize,anewspapermayhavenumerouseditors,beginningwithanexecutiveeditorresponsibleforthenewsdivision.Immediatelybelowtheexecutiveeditoristhemanagingeditor,thepersonwhooverseestheday-to-dayworkofthenewsdivision.Othereditors―sports,photo,state,national,featuresandobituary（讣告）,forexample—mayalsoreporttothemanagingeditor.

However,thebestknownandinsomewaysthemostcrucialeditoristhecityormetroeditor.Thisistheeditorthatreportersworkfordirectly.Thecityormetroeditorassignsstones,enforcesdeadlinesandisthefirsttoseereporters’rawcopyonthecompositionsystemorcomputernetwork.Theseeditorsarecalledgatekeepers,becausetheycontrolmuchofwhatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaper.Oftenworkingunderthestressofbreakingnews,theirdecisionstranslatedirectlyintothecontentofthenewspaper.

Oncethecityormetroeditorhasfinishededitingareporter’srawcopy,thestorymovesfromthecompositionsystemviathecomputernetworktoanotherpartofthenewsdivision,thecopydesk.Here,copyeditorscheckforspellingandothererrorsofusage.Theymayalsolookfor“holes”inthestorythatwouldconfusereadersorleavetheirquestionsunanswered.Thecopydeskchiefroutesfinishedstoriestoothereditorswhofitlocalandwireservicestories,headlines（writtenbytheeditor—notthereporter!）anddigitalphotographsontopages.Newspapersareincreasinglydoingthiswork,calledpagination（分页）,withpersonalcomputersusingsoftwareavailableatanyofficesupplystore.MicrosoftWindows,WordandQuarkExpressarethreeprogramsthat,thoughnotdesignedfornewspaperproduction,areeasilyadaptedforit.

WhatAretheEditorialPagesAllAbout?

Anewspaperpublishesitsviewsoncurrentevents-bothlocalandnational-onitseditorialpages.Thisiswhereeditorials,unsignedcommentarythatreflectsthecollectivepositionofthenewspaper’seditorialboard,appear.Editorialsarenotnews,butratherreasonedopinionbasedonfacts.Forexample,editorialsmaycriticizetheperformanceofpublicofficialssuchasthemayor,thepolicechief,orthelocalschoolboard;conversely,editorialsmaypraiseothersfortheirciviccontributions.Whateverthetopic,newspapershopetheireditorialswillraisethelevelofcommunitydiscourse.

Twowaysthisoccursarefamiliartoanynewspaperreader―letterstotheeditorandop-edarticles（acontractionofopposite-editorialpage）.Lettersarealwaysamongthebest-readsectionofanynewspaper,forthisiswherereadersexpresstheiropinions.Op-edarticlesusuallyrun850to1,000words.Newspapersmakespaceforletterstotheeditorandop-edarticlesfreelyavailableaspartoftheircontributiontocivicdialogue.

Theeditorialpagesareunderthedirectionofaneditoroutsidethenewsdivision.Newspaperpeoplecallthis“separationofchurchandstate”,meaningthereisalinebetweennewsandopinionthatmustnotbecrossed.Todosostripsanewspaperofitsmostvaluableasset-credibility.Forthatreason,editorialpageeditorsatsomelargenewspapersreporttothepublisher,whoisthechiefexecutiveofficerofthecompany,andnottotheexecutiveeditor.Othernewspapersmayhavetheireditorialpageeditorreportingtotheexecutiveeditor.Whatevertheorganizationalmodel,though,neitherdepartmentcantelltheotherwhattopublishinthenewspaper.

HowAreNewspapersDistributed?

Responsibilityforgettingthenewspaperfromthepresstothereaderfallstothedistributiondivision.Largenewspaperspublishtwo,threeorevenfoureditions,allofwhichmustbereadytoleavethenewspaperplantatacertaintime.Thefirstedition,sometimescalledthebulldogedition（晨版）,goestotheouterlimitsofthenewspaper’scirculationarea.

Thismaybeseveralcountiesorevenanentirestate.Latereditionscontainprogressivelyfreshernewsandgotosmallerareas.Thefinaledition,whichgoestopressaftermidnight,containsthelatestnewsbutcoversthesmallestgeographicalarea,usuallyacity.

Anysubscribertoadailynewspaperknowsthatitplops（扑通落下）ontothedrivewayintheweehoursofthemorning.Independentcontractorscalledcarriersbuycopiesofthenewspaperatdiscountanddeliverthem,usingtheirpersonalvehicles.ThefirstjobformanyAmericanyoungsterswasdeliveringtheafternoonpaperintheirneighborhood.

Thecirculationdepartmentdrawstheroutesthatcarriersfollow.Thisdepartmentisalsoresponsibleforracksales,newspapersthatgointocoin-operateddispensers（自动售货机）.Thecirculationdepartmentmaintainssubscribers’billingrecords,stopsandstartsdeliveriesuponrequest,andusesservicerunnerstodelivermissingpapers.

In18hoursofhighlycoordinatedworkcarriedoutbynumerousdivisions,whatnewspaperpeoplecalla“roughdraftofhistory”asmovedthroughcomputersystems,imaging（成像）machinesandpresses,toitsfinaldestination-thereaders.

After3:30a.m.,fewpeopleremainatanewspaperplant.Alltheotherdivisionshavegonehome.Thepresseshavefallensilent,perhapsundergoingmaintenancefortheremainderofthenight.Thesuddensilencewillnotlastlong.Inlessthanfourhours,thenewspaper,asitmustdo365daysayear,willrousefromitsshortsleepandstartalloveragain.

1.Whatcanbestdescribethequalitiesofnewspapersnow?

2.WhatqualitiesshouldNewspaperspossessinordertosurviveinthecompetitionagainstothermedia?

3.Today’snewspaperspaymoreattentiontothefollowingaspectsEXCEPT（）.

4.WhyAmericannewspapersconsiderthemselves“thewatchdogbranch”?

5.Whatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaperisdecidedby（）.

6.Whatmustbepublishedonnewspapers’editorialpages?

7.Newspapersmakeroomforletterstotheeditorandopposite-editorialarticlesasimportantdevotionto（）.

问题1选项

A.Theyareoriginalandhand-printed.

B.Theyarethecheapestandmostefficient.

C.Theyareuniversalandeverlasting.

D.Theyarethewholeworld’sdominantmassmedium.

问题2选项

A.Convenienceandadaptability.

B.Convenienceandgooddesign.

C.Colorphotographyandadaptability.

D.Gooddesignandcolorphotography.

问题3选项

A.gooddesign

B.detailedstories

C.colorphotography

D.lowcostandhighincome

问题4选项

A.Becausetheyreportandinterpretcurrentevents.

B.Becausetheyuncoverlegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.

C.Becausetheyreporthumanfolly,mechanicalfailuresandnaturaldisasters.

D.Becausetheygatherstoriessuchasaccidents,civiceventsandhuman-intereststories.

问题5选项

A.thecopyeditor

B.theexecutiveeditor

C.themanagingeditor

D.thecityormetroeditor

问题6选项

A.Thecriticismofpublicofficialssuchasthemayorandthepolicechief.

B.Theopinionsthatreadersexpressaboutthedetailedstories.

C.Newspapers’commentsoncurrentevents.

D.Thegooddeedpublicofficialshavedonefortheirciviccontributions.

问题7选项

A.currentevents

B.publicreports

C.privatestories

D.civicdialogue

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。第一段指出：Andbecauseanewspaper’s“software”consistsofacommonlanguage,itpossessesauniversalandtimelessquality.（因为报纸的“软件”是由一种共同的语言组成的，所以它具有普遍和无时间限制的特质）。因此C项“它们普遍而永恒”正确。

2.【试题解析】判断推理题。第三段讲了报纸是如何求生存：Newspapersareaportableconvenientmedium（报纸是一种方便携带的媒介），以及：And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.（惊人的是，报纸善于打造自身以适应现今的读者，通过注重好的设计，彩色摄影和报告和解释时事的详细报道）。由此可知，报纸为了在竞争中生存应该具备方便和适应性的特点，故选A。

3.【试题解析】判断推理题。第三段指出：And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.（惊人的是，报纸善于打造自身以适应现今的读者，通过注重好的设计，彩色摄影和报告和解释时事的详细报道）。四个选项中，只有D项“低成本，高收入”未被提及，因此答案选D。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。第四段指出：Americannewspapersproudlyconsiderthemselvesthefourthbranchofgovernment—thewatchdogbranch—thatexposeslegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.（美国报纸骄傲的自称为政府第四个分支——监察机构——这暴露了立法、行政和司法方面的不当行为）。由此可知B项正确。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。第七段指出：Theseeditorsarecalledgatekeepers,becausetheycontrolmuchofwhatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaper.（这些编辑被称作守门人，因为他们控制着第二天报纸上将出现的大多数内容）。由此可知D项正确。

6.【试题解析】细节事实题。第九段指出：Anewspaperpublishesitsviewsoncurrentevents-bothlocalandnational-onitseditorialpages.（报纸将其关于当地或国内最近事件的观点发表于社论版面里）。由此可知，社论版发表对最近事件的看法。故选C。

7.【试题解析】细节事实题。第十段指出：Newspapersmakespaceforletterstotheeditorandop-edarticlesfreelyavailableaspartoftheircontributiontocivicdialogue.（报纸为读者来信和反对意见的文章腾出地方，是它们为市民对话做出贡献的一部分）。因此，D项“公民对话”正确。

13.单选题

EventhepresidentisnotreallytheCEO.Nooneis.Powerinacorporationisconcentratedandverticallystructured.PowerinWashingtonis（

）andhorizontallyspreadout.

问题1选项

A.prudent

B.reversible

C.diffuse

D.mandatory

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prudent“谨慎的；精明的；节俭的”；B选项reversible“可逆的；可撤销的；可反转的”；C选项diffuse“弥漫的，散开的”；D选项mandatory“强制的；托管的”。句意：甚至总统也不是真正的CEO。没有人是。公司的权力集中在垂直结构上。华盛顿的权力是……并且横向分散的。由前后句意对比可知，此处应表示华盛顿权力的结构是分散的，水平的。因此C选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Itisimportantthatanundergraduate（）agradepointaverageofBinhismajorfield.

问题1选项

A.maintains

B.maintain

C.willmaintain

D.shallmaintain

【答案】B

【解析】Itis+adj.+that从句,从句结构为should+动词原形,should可省略。

15.单选题

______peopledependtosuchagreatextentonforests,everyeffortmustbemadetopreservetreesandwildlife.

问题1选项

A.How

B.Since

C.That

D.Which

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子逻辑。A项how引导疑问句，表示“怎样”，B项since表示“自从，由于”，C项that连接词，用来引导从句，D项which疑问代词表示“哪一个”。该句前后为两个完整的句子，形成因果关系，句首缺少一个表达原因的连词，故B项符合句意。句意：由于人们在很大程度上紧紧依赖森林资源，故我们必须全力以赴保护树木与野生动物。故正确答案为B。

16.单选题

Butthechanges,evenatthisearlystageofthe2012campaign,haveprovenmoredramaticand（）thanallbutthemost（）analysthadimagined.

问题1选项

A.exciting...pessimistic

B.unsettling...fretful

C.upsetting...optimistic

D.discomposing...lighthearted

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。Exciting“兴奋的，激动的”；pessimistic“悲观的”；unsettling“使人不安的”；fretful“焦躁的”；upsetting“令人苦恼的”；optimistic“乐观的”；discomposing“使不安”；lighthearted“无忧无虑的”。句意：但事实证明，即便是在2012年竞选早期，这些变化也比最焦躁不安的分析学家想象的更为剧烈和令人不安。选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

Tosurvive,psychologicallyaswellasphysically,humanbeingmustinhabitaworldthatisrelativelyfreeofambiguityandreasonablypredictable.Somesortofstructuremustbeplacedupontheendlessprofusionofincomingsignals.Theinfa