考研考博-英语-天津轻工职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津轻工职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Heisso____thathebuiltaporchforhishouselastsummerduringhisvacation.

问题1选项

A.productive

B.snobbish

C.authoritative

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.productive高效的；多产的B.snobbish势利的

C.authoritative权威的D.versatile多才多艺的

【答案】D

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】根据后文“去年夏天度假时还为自己的房子建了一个门廊”可知，他会修建门廊，体现出他的多才多艺，D选项versatile“多才多艺的”最符合前后语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】

A选项productive“高效的；多产的”，侧重于指生产商品或种植农作物的产量高，不符合前后语义衔接；

B选项snobbish“势利的”，不符合前后语义衔接；

C选项authoritative“权威的”，不符合前后语义衔接。

【句意】他多才多艺，去年夏天度假时还为自己的房子建了一个门廊。

2.单选题

ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased（

）,awiderangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.

问题1选项

A.manipulation

B.reproduction

C.circulation

D.penetration

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项manipulation“操作，处理”；B选项reproduction“繁殖，生殖”；C选项circulation“（报纸、杂志的）发行量，销售量，流通，传播”；D选项penetration“穿透，渗透”。根据newspapers（报纸）可知C选项符合语境。句意：美国报纸的新技术革命带来了更多的发行量、广泛的出版物和扩大了报纸的就业机会。

3.单选题

Inadivorce,themotherusuallyisgranted（）ofherchildren.

问题1选项

A.support

B.retention

C.perseverance

D.custody

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项support“支持；供养；支持者”；B选项retention“保留；扣留，滞留”；C选项perseverance“坚持不懈；不屈不挠”；D选项custody“保管；监护；拘留；抚养权”。句意：在离婚中，母亲通常获得子女的抚养权。由关键词“divorce离婚”可知“抚养权”符合语境，因此D选项正确。

4.单选题

Theclassactionhasbeenfiledwithacourtafterthecommunity’sconference.

问题1选项

A.suit

B.activity

C.report

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。Classaction在句中表示“集体诉讼，共同诉讼”，action表示诉讼有关的行动，A选项suit“诉讼”；B选项activity“活动”；C选项report“报告”；D选项examination“考试，检查”。句意：集体诉讼经集体商议后被提交给法院。根据句意A项正确。

5.单选题

Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor（1）toconsidertheroleofgovernment.Governmenthasapowerful（2）ontheeconomyinatleastfourways:

DirectServices.Thepostalsystem,forexample,isafederalsystem（3）theentirenation,asisthelargeandcomplexmilitaryestablishment.Conversely,theconstructionand（4）ofmosthighways,the（5）oftheindividualstates,andthepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment,areprimarily（6）forbycountyorcitygovernments.Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation（7）arealsotheresponsibilitiesoflocalgovernment.

RegulationandControl.Thegovernmentregulatesandcontrolsprivate（8）inmanyways,forthe（9）ofassuringthatbusinessservesthebest（10）ofthepeopleasawhole.Regulationisnecessaryinareaswhereprivateenterpriseisgranteda（11）,suchasintelephoneorelectricservice,orinotherareaswherethereislimitedcompetition,aswithrailroadsorairlines.Publicpolicypermitssuchcompaniestomakeareasonable（12）,butlimitstheirabilitytoraiseprices（13）,sincethepublicdependsontheirservices.Oftencontrolis（14）toprotectthepublic,asforexample,whentheFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof（15）infood.Inotherindustries,governmentsetsguidelinestoensurefaircompetitionwithoutusingdirectcontrol.

StabilizationandGrowth.Branchesofgovernment,includingCongressandsuchentitiesastheFederalReserveBoard,attempttocontroltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflationanddepression,by（16）taxrates,themoneysupply,andtheuseofcredit.Theycanalso（17）theeconomythroughchangesintheamountofpublicspendingbythegovernmentitself.

DirectAssistance.Thegovernmentprovidesmanykindsofhelpto（18）andindividuals.Forexample,tariffs（19）certainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;importsaresometimestaxedsothatAmericanproductsareableto（20）betterwithcertainforeigngoods.Governmentsupportsindividualswhocannotadequatelycareforthemselves,bymakinggrantstoworkingparentswithdependentchildren,byprovidingmedicalcarefortheagedandtheindigent,andthroughsocialwelfaresystem.

问题1选项

A.economy

B.horror

C.magnifier

D.element

问题2选项

A.elevation

B.emotion

C.effect

D.election

问题3选项

A.dripping

B.serving

C.diverging

D.clamping

问题4选项

A.clearance

B.combustion

C.commence

D.maintenance

问题5选项

A.commonplace

B.responsibility

C.conductivity

D.consequence

问题6选项

A.consoled

B.compacted

C.paid

D.bracketed

问题7选项

A.services

B.boycotts

C.budgets

D.charters

问题8选项

A.banquet

B.boom

C.arena

D.enterprise

问题9选项

A.assertion

B.purpose

C.asset

D.assumption

问题10选项

A.admiration

B.interests

C.adoption

D.accuracy

问题11选项

A.monopoly

B.acceptance

C.abolition

D.morality

问题12选项

A.proximity

B.blend

C.breast

D.profit

问题13选项

A.fairly

B.unfairly

C.friendly

D.unnecessarily

问题14选项

A.exercised

B.broadened

C.bankrupted

D.exemplified

问题15选项

A.faculty

B.quantity

C.quality

D.fragment

问题16选项

A.applauding

B.assessing

C.ascending

D.adjusting

问题17选项

A.affect

B.accommodate

C.adhere

D.affirm

问题18选项

A.beverage

B.businesses

C.bondage

D.botany

问题19选项

A.perplex

B.permit

C.perturb

D.plunder

问题20选项

A.compensate

B.confront

C.console

D.compete

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:B

第10题:B

第11题:A

第12题:D

第13题:B

第14题:A

第15题:C

第16题:D

第17题:A

第18题:B

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】1.考查逻辑关系。element“元素、要素”;magnifier“放大镜”;horror“恐怖”;economy“经济”。文章开头第一句就讲到消费者与生产者会对经济产生影响，由此可以推出文章接下来要讲另一个影响因素，只有D符合题意。

2.考查词汇辨析。elevation”海拨，提高”;emotion“情感、情绪”;election“选举”;powerfuleffect“强大的影响力”,选项C符合题意。

3.考查逻辑关系。drip”滴下”;diverge“偏离、分叉”;clamp“夹住”。邮政系统属于服务行业，故选择B“服务”。

4.考查名词词义辨析。clearance“清除”;combustion“燃烧、氧化”;commence“开始，着手”；maintenance“维修；维护”高速公路除了建设，还需要对其进行保养，才保证正常使用。选项D符合题意。

5.考查名词词义辨析。commonplace“老生常谈、司空见惯的事”;conductivity“导电性”;consequence“结果，后果”。高速公路建设与保养问题，涉及一个归属与责任权的问题，句中提到individualstates（各个州）。由此可知选B（责任）符合题意。

6.考查动词词义辨析。console“安慰”;compact“压缩、压紧”;bracket“把...归入同一类”。句中提到thepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment（公共教育系统大多数的资金由联邦政府提供）。由此可知，接下来继续谈论费用的承担问题。选项C（支付）符合题意。

7.考查固定搭配。boycott“联合抵制”;budget“预算”;charter”宪章、特许状”；

service“局、部”。Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation

Services（警察局、消防部门、卫生局）。故选择A。

8.考查名词词义辨析。banquet“宴会”;boom“兴旺，繁荣”;arena“舞台”；enterprise“企业”。文章是讲政府在经济中发挥的作用，推动经济的发展很大程度上取决于企业的发展，句中business:此处理解为企业。选项D符合题意。

9.考查名词词义辨析。assertion“断言、声明”;asset“资产，财产”;assumption“假定，假设”。政府实施对企业的管理是为了达到某一目的，故选择B（目的，企图）。

10.考查名词词义辨析。admiration”钦佩，赞赏”;adoption“采用，收养”;accuracy“精确度，准确性”。政府指导企业的发展，让企业在盈利的同时，也需要满足全社会的利益，故选择B（利益）。

11.考查名词词义辨析。acceptance“接受”;abolition”废除，废止”;morality“道德，品行”。企业为了个人利益难免会垄断某个行业，Regulationisnecessaryinareas：政府在某些行业采取调控是有必要的。故得知选择A（垄断）。

12.考查名词词义辨析。proximity“接近，邻近”;blend“混合”;breast“胸怀，乳房”。

企业要生存就必须盈利，故选择D（利润）。

13.考查副词词义辨析。fairly“公平地”;friendly“友好的”;unnecessarily“不必要地”。企业为了赚得更多的利润，会打价格战，会恶意提高价格，故选择B（不公平地）。

14.考查动词词义辨析。broaden“扩大，变宽”;bankrupt“破产”;exemplify”例证，例示”。control此处理解为调控，而这一行为是需要实施，故选择A（运用，执行）。

15.考查名词词义辨析。faculty“科，系”;quantity“量，数量”;fragment“碎片，片段”。theFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof65infood：食品药品管理局禁止生产有害药品，提出食品加工的质量标准，由此可知选择C（质量）。

16.考查动词词义辨析。applaud“赞同，鼓掌”;assess“评定，估计”;ascend“上升，攀登”。...controltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflation...：调控经济过热和过度衰退，抑制通货膨胀。要解决这些问题需要采用一些经济手段，如：调整税率，货币发行量（themoneysupply）,故选择D（调整）。

17.考查名词词义辨析。accommodate“适应，调解”;adhere“坚持”;affirm“肯定，断言”。运用经济手段（调整税率、货币发行量），会对经济产生一定影响，故选择A（影响）。

18.考查名词词义辨析。beverage“饮料”;bondage“束缚，奴役”;botany“植物学”。individual:个人，政府要保证个体利益也需要照顾全局，由此可以得知选择B（企业）。

19.考查动词词义辨析。Perplex“困惑，为难”;perturb“扰乱”;plunder”抢夺，抢劫”。tariffscertainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;为了企业的更好的发展，可以允许减免某些企业的税收，故选择B（允许）。

20.考查动词词义辨析。compensate“补偿、赔偿”;confront“面对，遭遇”;console“安慰，慰藉”。...Americanproducts...withcertainforeigngoods（美国产品、外国产品），可得知国内产品与外国产品为了争得市场，必然存在竞争，故选D（竞争）。

6.单选题

Thefirewasfinallybroughtundercontrol,butnot（

）extensivedamagehadbeencaused.

问题1选项

A.before

B.since

C.after

D.as

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词辨析。before“在…之前”；since“自…以来”；after“在…之后”；as“因为”。句意：尽管这场火灾最终得到了控制，但仍然造成了大量的损害。由butnot转折否定关系可知火灾已经造成了大量损害，大量损害发生在前，火灾控制在后。故A项正确。

7.单选题

SectionA

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

SectionB

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

SectionC

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.

SectionD

Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.

Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.

Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountries,theyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.

SectionE

Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantitiesthanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccropyield.AstudybytheinternationalRiceResearchinstituteofpesticideusebyfarmersinSouthEastAsiafoundthat,withpest-resistantvarietiesofrice,evenmoderateapplicationsofpesticidefrequentlycostfarmersmorethantheysaved.Suchwasteputsfarmersonachemicaltreadmill:bugsandweedsbecomeresistanttopoisons,sonextyear’spoisonsmustbemorelethal.Onecostistohumanhealth.Everyyearsome10,000peoplediefrompesticidepoisoning,almostalloftheminthedevelopingcountries,andanother400,000becomeseriouslyill.Asforartificialfertilizers,theiruseworld-wideincreasedby40percentperunitoffarmedlandbetweenthemid1970sandlate1980s,mostlyinthedevelopingcountries.Overuseoffertilizersmaycausefarmerstostoprotatingcropsorleavingtheirlandfallow.That,inturn,maymakesoilerosionworse.

SectionF

AresultoftheUruguayRoundofworldtradenegotiationsislikelytobeareductionof36percentintheaveragelevelsoffarmsubsidiespaidbytherichcountriesin1986-1990.Someoftheworld’sfoodproductionwillmovefromWesternEuropetoregionswheresubsidiesarelowerofnon-existent,suchastheformercommunistcountriesandpartsofthedevelopingworld.Someenvironmentalistsworryaboutthisoutcome.Itwillundoubtedlymeanmorepressuretoconvertnaturalhabitatintofarmland.Butitwillalsohavemanydesirableenvironmenteffects.Theintensityoffarmingintherichworldshoulddecline,andtheuseofchemicalinputswilldiminish.Cropsaremorelikelytobegrownintheenvironmentstowhichtheyarenaturallysuited.Andmoreframersinpoorcountrieswillhavethemoneyandincentivetomanagetheirlandinwaysthataresustainableinthelongrun.Thatisimportant.Tofeedanincreasinglyhungryworld,farmersneedeveryincentivetousetheirsoilandwatereffectivelyandefficiently.

Fromthelistbelowchoosethemostsuitabletitleforthereadingpassageabove.WritetheappropriateletterA-Einbox28ontheAnswerSheet.（

）

问题1选项

A.Environmentalmanagement

B.Increasingtheworld’sfoodsupply

C.Soilerosion

D.Fertilizersandpesticides—thewayforward

E.Farmsubsidies

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段，可知文章的主要内容为政府在农业方面的相关政策对农业环境的影响。紧接着下文运用很多国家的例子说明了政府运用各种不同的政策来减少农业活动对环境带来的各种破坏，使土壤和环境得到保护。分别讨论了在富裕的国家和贫穷的国家，相关政策对环境保护带来的影响和效果。可判断出本文内容主要是围绕环境管理开展的。Environmentalmanagement“环境管理”；Increasingtheworld’sfoodsupply“增加世界粮食供应”；Soilerosion“土壤侵蚀”；Fertilizersandpesticides—thewayforward“化肥和杀虫剂——未来之路”；Farmsubsidies“农业补贴”。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Peoplehadbeenconsciousoftheproblembefore,butthebookmadethemawareofits（）.

问题1选项

A.manuscript

B.multitude

C.masterpiece

D.magnitude

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项manuscript“手稿；原稿”；B选项multitude“大量；群众”；C选项masterpiece“杰作”；D选项magnitude“大小；重要”。句意：人们以前只是注意到了这个问题，但是这本书让她们意识到了问题的……。空格内是对问题的一个概括。问题一般可分为大问题和小问题，因此D选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Thisriverissowidethatitisimpossibletobuilda（

）underitwithoutmoderntechnology.

问题1选项

A.canal

B.tunnel

C.channel

D.cable

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。canal“运河，管道”；tunnel“隧道”；channel“通道，海峡”；cable“缆绳，电缆”。句意：这条河这么宽，要在它地下修建一条隧道没有现代技术是不可能实现的。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

Lastyear,thecrimerateinChicagohassharply（

）.

问题1选项

A.descended

B.slipped

C.lessened

D.declined

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。descend“下降，下倾（数量）”；slip“使滑动”；lessen“使变小，使减轻”；decline“下降，拒绝”。句意：去年，芝加哥的犯罪率急剧下降。因此选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

Anarrowhasasharp,pointedheadwithwhichitperforatesitstarget.

问题1选项

A.facestoward

B.follows

C.pierces

D.fliestoward

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。perforate表示“穿过，穿孔”。A项facetoward“正对着”，B项follow“跟随”，C项pierce“刺穿，穿破”，D项flytoward“飞向”；句意：箭头前端很尖锐，可以用它来刺穿目标物。根据句意该题选C。

12.单选题

Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefsandwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeveruncivilizeditmayseemtous.Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist;thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsasundeveloped.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward’languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsarebyourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex.TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisaspect,twothingsaretobenoted.First,alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.Second,theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin“backward”languages,whiledifferentfromtheWest,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.AWesternlanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness(“this”and“that”).ButsomelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.

1.Everygroupofhumanbeingshas（

）.

2.“Backward”languagesfallbehindWesternlanguagesin

（

）.

3.Alllanguages,whethercivilizedornot,havetheirown

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedinthepassage?

5.Theauthor’sattitudeshowninthispassagetoward“backward”languagesis（

）.

问题1选项

A.itsownsetofideas,beliefsandwaysoflife

B.anextremelycomplexanddelicatelanguage

C.itsownelegantmusic,literature,andotherarts

D.theprocessofgrowingcropsorraisinganimals

问题2选项

A.waystotransferideas

B.formstosatisfyneeds

C.abilitiestoanswerdescription

D.systemstoexpandvocabulary

问题3选项

A.waystotransferideas

B.formstosatisfyneeds

C.abilitiestoanswerdescription

D.systemstoexpandvocabulary

问题4选项

A.Anthropologistshavenothingtodowithlinguists.

B.Linguistshavenothingtodowithanthropologists.

C.Thestudyoflanguagescastslightuponthestudyofcultures.

D.Thestudyofculturescastsnolightuponthestudyoflanguages.

问题5选项

A.restrained

B.subjective

C.objective

D.resolute

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“每个群体都有……”。文章第一段第一句提到“文化是一个特定群体的所有传统、习俗、信仰和生活方式的总和”（Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefsandwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings），由此可知每个群体都有自己的思想、信仰和生活方式，选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“落后群体的语言在哪方面落后于西方语言”。文章第二段第四句提到“它们与西方语言的区别不在于发音模式或者语法结构，而在于它们的词汇”（TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers），由此可知选项D符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“无论是开化的还是未开化的语言，都有自己的……”。文章第二段第四句话提到“它们与西方语言的区别不在于发音模式或者语法结构，这些通常能满足所有语言要求”（TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds），由此可知，无论是何种语言，都能满足交流要求，选项B符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“下列哪项隐含在文章内容中”。文章第一段最后一句提到“对于专业的人类学家来说，一种文化并不比另一种文化具有内在优越性，正如同对于专业的语言学家而言，语言之间也没有内在的层次之分”（Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist;thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages），由此可知，人类学与文化之间是有一定联系的，因此选项A,B,D都可以排除，选项C符合题意。

5.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对‘落后’语言的观点是……”。文章第一段最后一句提到“对于专业的人类学家来说，一种文化并不比另一种文化具有内在优越性，正如同对于专业的语言学家而言，语言之间也没有内在的层次之分”（Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist;thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages）；第二段第四句提到“它们与西方语言的区别不在于发音模式或者语法结构，而在于它们的词汇”（TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers），所以作者对它的态度是客观的，选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

Avirtualanchorite,he（

）tohisself-sufficiency.

问题1选项

A.adheres

B.confirms

C.conforms

D.admonishes

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。adhere“坚持；依附”，为不及物动词，一般与to构成adhereto“坚持；粘附”；confirm“确认；证实”，为及物动词；conform“使遵守；使一致”。句意：作为隐士的他坚持自给自足。选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

Shecontrivedtogetaglimpseofthelightoftruthhereandthere,andhopedthat（）raymightsufficetoguideher.

问题1选项

A.scant

B.scarce

C.meager

D.sparse

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项scant“不足的，缺乏的”，强调的是勉强足够的；B选项scarce“缺乏的，稀有的”，强调的是“稀缺、珍贵”；C选项meager“贫乏的”，多指收入微薄；D选项sparse“稀疏的，稀少的”，强调人烟稀少，资源匮乏。句意：她设法在各处瞥见一点真理的光芒，希望那微弱的光芒足以引导她。这里强调的是勉强足够的，所以选项A更符合语境。

15.单选题

Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened（

）asuddenloudnoise.

问题1选项

A.therewas

B.therehavingbeen

C.beingthere

D.shouldtherebe

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如有突然的巨响，那么这些动物确实有可能受惊。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。该句属于与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，主句部分为could+动词原形，从句部分应该为should+动词原形或wereto+动词原形，当省略引导词if后需采用倒装，将should提前。

16.单选题

He___athiswatchbeforehelefttheoffice.

问题1选项

A.glanced

B.glimpsed

C.glared

D.scribbled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项glanced“瞥闪，瞥见，扫视，匆匆一看（强调主动的加以注意瞥了一眼）；浏览；斜击某物后斜弹开来；反光；轻擦（球）；（板球）斜击”；B选项glimpsed“瞥见（强调被动的，比如某个东西在眼前闪了一下，不是主动去看）”；C选项glared“怒目而视，瞪眼看；发出刺眼的光”；D选项scribbled“乱画；潦草地书写；写作（非正式）；粗疏（羊毛）”。句意：他离开办公室前___手表。本句表达“主动地瞥了一眼手表”。因此A选项正确。

17.不定项选择题

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyand