考研考博-英语-厦门兴才职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门兴才职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

ThefloweringteahasbeensellingbrisklyatupscaleretailerssuchasWholeFoodsMarket,jumpingfrom9%ofNumi’ssalesto26%duringthelastholidayseason.

问题1选项

A.uplevel

B.uptick

C.upmarket

D.upbuilt

【答案】C

【解析】考查近义形容词辨析。A选项uplevel仅有uplevel形式，意为“高电平”；B选项uptick“（n.）小幅增加，微升；报升”；C选项upmarket“质优价高的；高级的；在高档之列”；D选项upbuilt“（v.）建立，建造”。句意：鲜花茶在全食超市（WholeFoodsMarket）等高档零售商的销售一直很火爆，在上个假期期间，占Numi销售额的比例从9%跃升至26%。upscale“高消费阶层的，高档的”，C选项与该词词意最相近，因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

AtfirstJackieprayed,frozeninfear,butgraduallyhisterror（

）curiosity.

问题1选项

A.gaveawayto

B.gavewayto

C.goawayto

D.livedupto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项giveawayto“泄露，赠送，告发”；B选项givewayto“向……让步，向……妥协，被……替代”；C选项goawayto“离开，消失，外出”；D选项liveupto“遵守（诺言），符合，不辜负（期望）”。句中的but表示转折关系，可推测此处是指由最差的恐惧到后面的好奇，B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：起初Jackie在恐惧中祈祷，但渐渐地，他的恐惧被好奇替代。

3.单选题

Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.SetonthesouthwesternedgeofIceland,thevolcaniclandscapeiswhippedbytheNorthAtlanticwinds,whichhusheverythingaroundthem.Asculptureattheentrancetothevillagedepictsanakedmanfacingawallofseawatertwicehisheight.Thereisnomovietheater,andmanyresidentsneverventuretothecapital,a50-minutedriveaway.

ButSandgerdimightbetheperfectplacetoraisegirlswhohavemathematicaltalent.Governmentresearcherstwoyearsagotestedalmostevery15-year-oldinIcelandforitandfoundthatboystrailedfarbehindgirls.Thatfactwasuniqueamongthe41countriesthatparticipatedinthestandardizedtestforthatagegroupdesignedbytheOrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.ButwhileIceland’sgirlswerealoneintheworldintheirsignificantleadinmath,theirnationaladvantageof15pointswassmallcomparedwiththeonetheyhadoverboysinfishingvillageslikeSandgerdi,whereitwascloserto30.

TheteachersofSandgerdi’s254studentswereonlymildlysurprisedbytheresults.Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.Boysthinkofschoolassufferingsonthewaytoafutureoffindingrichesatsea;forgirls,it’stheirticketoutoftown.MargretIngporsdottirandHannaMariaHeidarsdottir,both15,studentsatSandgerdi'sgleamingschool—whichhasasciencelaboratory,acomputerroomandawell-stockedlibrary—havenodoubtthattheyareheadedforuniversity.“IthinkIwillbeapharmacist,”saysHeidarsdottir.TheteenssatinprincipalGudjonKristjansson’sofficelastweek,waitingforaridetothenearbytownofKevlavik,wheretheywerecompetinginWestIceland’syearlymathcontest,oneofmanythroughoutIcelandinwhichgirlsexcel.

Meanwhile,bytheharbor,GisliTorHauksson,14,alreadyhasbigplansthatdon’trequirespendinghisafternoonstoilingovergeometry.“I’llbeafisherman,”hesays,justlikemostofhisancestors.Hisfatherrecentlyreturnedhomefrom60daysatseaoffthecoastofNorway.“Hecamebackwith1.1millionkrona,”about$18,000，saysHauksson.Asforschool,hesays，“itdestroysthebrain.”Heintendstoquitat16,theearliestageatwhichhecandosolegally“Aboyseeshisolderbrotherwhohasbeenatseaforonlytwoyearsandhasabettercarandabiggerhousethantheheadmaster,”saysKristjansson.

ButthestoryoffemaleachievementinIcelanddoesn'tnecessarilyhaveahappyending.Educatorshavefoundthatwhengirlsleavetheirruralenclavestoattenduniversitiesinthenation’scities,theirscienceadvantagegenerallyshrinks.While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.InamathclassataReykjavikschool,AsgeirGurdmundsson,17,saysthatalthoughgirlswereconsistentlybrighterthanboysatschool,“theyjustseemtoleavethetechnicaljobstous.”SaysSoirunGensdottir,thedirectorofeducationattheMinistryofEducation,ScienceandCulture:“Wehavetofindawaytostopgirlsfromdroppingoutofsciences.”

Teachersacrossthecountryhavebeguntoexperimentwithwaystoraiseboystothelevelofgirlsinelementaryandsecondaryeducation.ThehighschoolinKevlawiktriedanexperimentin2002and2003,separating16-to-20-year-oldsbygenderfortwoyears.Thattimetheboysslippedevenfurtherbehind.“Theboyssaidthegirlswerebetteranyway,”saysKrlstjanAsmundsson,whotaughtthe25boys.“Theydidn’teventry.”

1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeSandgerdi?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhygirlsdobetterthanboysinmathatSandgerdiismostprobablythefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

3.Thefifthparagraphsuggeststhatinthefieldofscience

（

）.

4.Girlsflinchbackinthecompetitionwithboysmostprobablybecause

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.desolate

B.poor

C.bustling

D.thriving

问题2选项

A.boysandgirlssharedifferentincentivesinmathlearning

B.thegirlsaremoreanxiousabouttheirfuturecareer

C.theboysconsiderthatfishingdoesn’tnecessarilyneedmath

D.theboysspendmoretimeontheirparttimejobs

问题3选项

A.womenhaveadvantagesovermenincompetition

B.womentendtobeinalessembarrassinglevel

C.menareplyingmoreimportantroles

D.Menareonethirdlessthanwomeninnumber

问题4选项

A.theyareshortofconfidenceinthemselves

B.employersoftenpreferboystotaketechnicaljobs

C.theyhavepoorerperformanceintechnicaljobs

D.theyarewillingtoleavetechnicaljobstoboys

问题5选项

A.AVillageInIceland

B.ALandWhereGirlsRuleinMath

C.BoysClevererThanGirls?

D.ScienceStudentsinSandgerdi

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。A选项desolate“荒凉的”；B选项poor“贫穷的”；C选项bustling“繁忙的”；D选项thriving“繁荣的”。由文章第一段中的Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.（这个有1480人的渔村是一个荒凉而孤独的地方）可知Sandgerdi是一个荒凉的地方，因此选A。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.（他们说性别差距不是来自资质的差别，而是学习动力的差别）可知D选项“男孩们把更多的时间花在兼职上”符合题意，A、B、C选项都与“学习动力”有关。

3.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.（尽管61%的大学生是女性，但她们只占冰岛理科学生的三分之一。当他们进入劳动力市场时，许多人被男性所取代，他们成为医生、工程师和计算机技术人员）可知C选项“男人扮演着更重要的角色”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.（教育家们说，他们看到许多聪明的女孩在面对真实的、面对面的与男孩的竞争时突然退缩）可知A选项“她们对自己缺乏信心”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在冰岛上的Sandgerdi由于男女学生学习的动机不一样，女生在数学成绩上男生优秀，因此B选项“女生在数学上占统治地位的地方”符合题意。

4.单选题

Amazonhasgivenintopublisherpressureandagreedtoabandontheir$9.99pricepointfore-books.

PublisherMacmillanfeltthatthe$9.99pricedevaluedmanyofitsbestsellers,whichoftensellfor$30inhardcoverformat.Inresponsetothepricingdispute,AmazonbrieflyremovedallMacmillanbooksfromitsstorelastweek.However,theboycottlastedonlyafewdaysbeforeAmazongaveintoMacmillan’sdemands.

InastatementSunday,Amazondefendeditspositiontocustomers:

Macmillan,oneofthe“bigsix”publishers,hasclearlycommunicatedtousthat,regardlessofourviewpoint,theyarecommittedtoswitchingtoanagencymodelandcharging$12.99to$14.99fore-booksversionsofbestsellersandmosthardcoverreleases.

WehaveexpressedourstrongdisagreementandtheseriousnessofourdisagreementbytemporarilyceasingthesaleofallMacmillantitles.Wewantyoutoknowthatultimately,however,wewillhavetocapitulateandacceptMacmillan’stermsbecauseMacmillanhasamonopolyovertheirowntitles,andwewillwanttoofferthemtoyouevenatpriceswebelieveareneedlesslyhighfore-books.

Amazon’sdecisiontothrowinthetowelmayberelatedtoMacmillan’srecentagreementtosellbooksinApple’siBookstore.Amazonhascapturedanoverwhelmingshareofthee-bookmarketwithitsKindlereader,butiftheiPadbecomessuccessfulpublishers’mayturntoAppletoselltheire-books.

Publishersseemmoreinterestedinprotectingthevalueoftheirhardcoverbooksthancompetinginadigitalformat.WillhighereBookpricesconvinceyoutopurchaseaphysicalcopyofyournextnovel,orwillyouacceptamodestpriceincreasegiventhate-booksaretypicallycheaper?

1.WhatcanbesaidofthepricingdisputebetweenAmazonandMacmillan?

2.“Tothrowinthetowel”inthelastbutoneparagraphmeans（）.

3.WhataccountedforAmazon'sfailuretocontinueitsboycottaccordingtoitsstatement?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

问题1选项

A.Macmillanwonthedispute.

B.Amazonwonthedispute.

C.Neitherofthemwonthedispute.

D.Customersenjoyedthedispute.

问题2选项

A.tomakeupone'smindtotrysomething

B.toindicateyourdisagreement

C.tothreatentofightback

D.toadmitthatyouhavebeendefeated

问题3选项

A.Amazonscowardice.

B.Macmillan’sarrogance.

C.Amazon’sgenerosity.

D.Macmillan’smonopoly.

问题4选项

A.Macmillanpreferredtoselltraditionalbooksratherthane-books.

B.ApplemademoreprofitthanAmazoninsellinge-books.

C.Macmillanintendedtoincreaseitse-bookmarket.

D.Amazonwasreadytoselle-booksatlowerprices.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.WhatcanbesaidofthepricingdisputebetweenAmazonandMacmillan?1.关于亚马逊和麦克米伦之间的价格纠纷，我们能说些什么呢？

A.Macmillanwonthedispute.A.麦克米伦赢得了这场纠纷。

B.Amazonwonthedispute.B.亚马逊赢得了这场纠纷。

C.Neitherofthemwonthedispute.C.两者都没有赢得这场纠纷。

D.Customersenjoyedthedispute.D.顾客们喜欢这种纠纷。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据关键词pricingdispute定位至第二段最后两句“作为对价格争端的回应，亚马逊上周短暂地从其商店下架了麦克米伦的所有书籍。然而，抵制活动只持续了几天，亚马逊就屈从于麦克米伦的要求（theboycottlastedonlyafewdaysbeforeAmazongaveintoMacmillan’sdemands）。”，从中可知，关于亚马逊和麦克米伦之间的价格纠纷，亚马逊抵制了几天后还是屈从了麦克米伦的要求，所以推断，麦克米伦赢得了这场价格纠纷。A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B项“亚马逊赢得了这场纠纷”和C项“两者都没有赢得这场纠纷”根据解题思路可知，该两项曲解原文；

D项“顾客们喜欢这种纠纷”没有提到，属于无中生有。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.“Tothrowinthetowel”inthelastbutoneparagraphmeans______.2.倒数第二段中“Tothrowinthetowel”的意思是______。

A.tomakeupone’smindtotrysomethingA.下定决心做某事

B.toindicateyourdisagreementB.表示你的不同意

C.tothreatentofightbackC.威胁要反击

D.toadmitthatyouhavebeendefeatedD.承认你被打败了

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至倒数第二段第一句“亚马逊决定tothrowinthetowel可能与麦克米伦最近同意在苹果的iBookstore销售图书有关”，由上文可知，亚马逊对麦克米伦公司的要求作出了让步，所以推测tothrowinthetowel在这里的意思是“承认让步，认输”。故该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“下定决心做某事”、B项“表示你的不同意”和C项“威胁要反击”根据解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.WhataccountedforAmazon’sfailuretocontinueitsboycottaccordingtoitsstatement?3.根据亚马逊的声明，是什么原因导致其未能继续抵制？

A.Amazon’scowardice.A.亚马逊的懦弱。

B.Macmillan’sarrogance.B.麦克米伦的傲慢。

C.Amazon’sgenerosity.C.亚马逊的慷慨。

D.Macmillan’smonopoly.D.麦克米伦的垄断。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第五段最后一句“我们将不得不屈服并接受麦克米伦的条件，因为麦克米伦垄断了他们自己的图书……”，从中可知，亚马逊未能继续抵制是因为麦克米伦的垄断，D项符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“亚马逊的懦弱”，从文中亚马逊的抵制来看，亚马逊并不懦弱，该项属于反向干扰；

B项“麦克米伦的傲慢”和C项“亚马逊的慷慨”在文中没有提到，属于无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?4.下列哪一项是正确的？

A.Macmillanpreferredtoselltraditionalbooksratherthane-books.A.麦克米伦更喜欢销售传统书籍而不是电子书。

B.ApplemademoreprofitthanAmazoninsellinge-books.B.苹果在销售电子书方面的利润超过了亚马逊。

C.Macmillanintendedtoincreaseitse-bookmarket.C.麦克米伦打算扩大电子书市场。

D.Amazonwasreadytoselle-booksatlowerprices.D.亚马逊愿意以更低的价格出售电子书。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第五段最后一句“……即使我们认为电子书的价格高得没有必要，我们也会提供给你们”，从中可推断，亚马逊愿意以低价出售电子书给顾客，所以D项“亚马逊愿意以更低的价格出售电子书”是正确的。

【干扰项排除】

A项“麦克米伦更喜欢销售传统书籍而不是电子书”，从文章倒数第二段提到“麦克米伦最近同意在苹果的iBookstore销售图书”可以看出，麦克米伦倾向于电子书销售，该项反向干扰；

B项“苹果在销售电子书方面的利润超过了亚马逊”，文中没有提到亚马逊和苹果销售电子书方面的利润的比较，该项属于无中生有；

C项“麦克米伦打算扩大电子书市场”也没有提到，属于无中生有。

5.单选题

Theamountoftabloidinkspilledoverher24-yeardifferenceinagewithhernewboyfrienddoes（）her.

问题1选项

A.rankle

B.stirup

C.emaciate

D.whipup

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项rankle“使怨恨；使疼痛；使痛苦”；B选项stirup“激起；煽动；搅拌；唤起”；C选项emaciate“使消瘦；使衰弱；消瘦”；D选项whipup“激起；鞭打”。句意：小报上关于她和新男友之间24岁的年龄差距的报道让她很恼火。本句表示“小道消息所报道的事情让她恼火”，因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

"Toberootedisperhapsthemostimportantandleastrecognizedneedofthehumansoul."SimoneWeilarguedinthemid-twentiethcentury.Evenourvirtualplaygroundspayhomagetothedeeplyfeltneedforplace:MySpacewas,untilrecently,called“aplaceforfriends";SecondLifemimicsreal-lifeplaceswithitshomes,offices,andrestaurants.Whatisdifferentaboutmobileplaygroundsisthatmobiledevicesforcereallifeandvirtuallife(andrealplacesandvirtualplaces)totrytocoexistinawaytheyneverhavebefore.

Wewanttoseethisasagood,enablingthing—Icanfireoffthate-mailtotheofficeandthengetbacktorelaxingonmyvacation!—butitisinstructivetogotoaplaygroundtoday:evenonaweekend,youwillseeparentsengrossedintheiriPhonesandBlackBerryswhiletheirchildrenmakeincreasinglyloudbidsfortheirattention.TheNovember2,2009coverofTheNewYorkersadlyandbeautifullysatirizedthistrend:itshowsanillustrationofchildrenouttrick-or-treating,baskedintheglowofhouselights,whiletheirparentsbaskintheglowofthesmart-phoneinwhichtheyarerapt.Evenourleisuretime,itseems,hasbeencolonizedbyourneedtostayconnectedanditisaconstantstruggletosetlimitsonourengagementwiththevirtualworldsothatwecanattendtotherealoneinfrontofus.

Andwhenwedecidetoleavehomeentirely,wefinditdifficulttoleavethedemandsofworkbehind.Considerthecruiseshipindustry:everyyear,morethanthreemillionpeopleboardaCarnivalCruiseshiptotakeavacation.Theyspendagreatdealoftimeeatingandgambling,andtheneatingsomemore.Theperpetualbuffetsthathavelongbeenastapleofthecruiseshiplifestylecatertoonekindofhunger;Carnivalnowcaterstoanotheronethatseemscounterintuitiveinvacationerseagertogetawayfromitall:stayingconnected.Withtheirtwenty-four-hourInternetcafes,onboardWiFi,andanadvertisingcampaignthatfeaturesbikini-cladpatronsloungingondeckchairswithlaptopcomputers,CarnivalCruiseLineshasenthusiasticallyrespondedtothedemandsofpatronswhoseekanidealofmaritimeescapebutstillwanttochecktheire-mailseveraltimesaday.

This,too,isthestrangenewworldofleisure:neverdisconnected,andneverreallyfreefromthedemandsofdailylife.Notwithstandingallthetalkofmobility,wefindourselvestetheredinnovelways—nottoahometown,ortoaparticularsocialbackground,buttoourdevicesthemselvesandthefeelingofconnectiontheyprovide,whichweseeminglycannotsitstillwithout.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatcanwelearnaboutMySpaceandSecondLife?

2.Whensayingitisinstructivetogotoaplaygroundtoday,theauthormeansthat（

）.

3.ThefollowingstatementsareTRUEexcept

（

）.

4.Theword"tethered"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans

（

）.

5.Thispassageisintendedto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theyfunctionasreallifevenuesforentertainment.

B.Theydeservecreditforreflectingthehumansoul.

C.Asvirtualplaygrounds,theyresemblerealityintermsofplace.

D.Throughmobiledevices,theyrepresentengagementwithsociety.

问题2选项

A.smartphonesaretheculpritforthepoorrelationsbetweenparentsandchildren

B.responsibleparentsaresupposedtoengagetheirchildrenwithoutdooractivities

C.playgroundsaretheplacesforparentsandchildrentospendtimetogether

D.people'sindulgenceinstayingconnectedcanbewitnessedthere

问题3选项

A.peoplevacationingonCarnivalCruiseshipshaveaccesstotheInternettoday

B.eatingandgamblingaretheexclusivethingspeoplecanenjoyoncruiseships

C.CarnivalCruiseLinescatertovacationers'demandstostayincontactwithothers

D.people'sdesiretoremainconnectedmakesitdifficultforthemtoescapefromwork

问题4选项

A.confined

B.disconnected

C.immune

D.indifferent

问题5选项

A.analyzethevariousreasonsforhumanstosettledown

B.advocatethenecessityofvirtualconnectioninleisuretime

C.enumeratetheenormousbenefitsofmobiledevicesforworkandlife

D.highlightthetransformationofmobilitythroughubiquitousconnection

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Evenourvirtualplaygroundspayhomagetothedeeplyfeltneedforplace:MySpacewas,untilrecently,called“aplaceforfriends”;SecondLifemimicsreal-lifeplaceswithitshomes,offices,andrestaurants.（即使是我们的虚拟游戏场地，也会对对位置的深刻需求表示敬意：MySpace直到最近才被称为“朋友的地方”；SecondLife模仿现实生活中的地方，有它自己的家、办公室和餐馆）可知选C。

第2题:推理判断题。由文章第二段Evenourleisuretime,itseems,hasbeencolonizedbyourneedtostayconnectedanditisaconstantstruggletosetlimitsonourengagementwiththevirtualworldsothatwecanattendtotherealoneinfrontofus.（就连我们的闲暇时间，似乎也被我们保持联系的需要所占据，这是一个不断的斗争，以限制我们与虚拟世界的接触，以便我们能够处理我们面前的真实世界）可推测作者认为人们太沉溺于虚拟世界，而忽略现实世界，因此提出如今去操场是很有教育意义的，故选D。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Theyspendagreatdealoftimeeatingandgambling,andtheneatingsomemore.Theperpetualbuffetsthathavelongbeenastapleofthecruiseshiplifestylecatertoonekindofhunger;Carnivalnowcaterstoanotheronethatseemscounterintuitiveinvacationerseagertogetawayfromitall:stayingconnected.可知B选项是人们过去在游轮上的主要消遣方式，不再适合如今的需求。

第4题:词义题。confine意为“限制”；disconnect意为“切断”；immune意为“免疫的”；indifferent意为“漠不关心的”。由wefindourselvestetheredinnovelways（我们发现自己被新的方式束缚住了）可知选A。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了移动设备让人们时刻保持联系以及对生活的影响，强调无处不在的联系带来的影响，因此选D。

7.单选题

InternationalVaccination:A.jabintimeSomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica.Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits.

Eradicatingadiseaseisthesortofaimthatrichcountriescomeupwith,andpooronesstruggletoreach.Butforsomediseases,thepatternisreversed.Thesearetheailmentsforwhichvaccinationsexist.Manypoorcountriesrunhighlyeffectivevaccinationprogrammers.Butasmemoriesofthetollfrominfectiousdiseasesfadesacrosstherichworld,insomeplacestheyaremakingacomeback.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)reckonsthatvaccinessave2.5mlivesayear.Smallpoxwaseradicatedin1980withthehelpofavaccine;polioshouldsoonfollow.Inbothcases,richcountriesledtheway.Thenewpatternlooksverydifferent.

Thetrendismostevidentformeasles,whichishighlycontagious.Atleast95%ofpeoplemustvaccinatetostopitsspread(athresholdknownas"herdimmunity").Althoughusuallymild,itcanleadtopneumoniaandcausebraindamageorblindnessthecountrieswiththelowestvaccinationratesareallverypoor,butmanydevelopingcountriesrunexcellentprogrammes(seechart).Eritrea.RwandaandSriLankamanagetovaccinatenearlyeveryone.Bycontrast,severalrichcountries,includingAmerica,Britain.FranceandItaly,arebelowherdimmunity.LastyearEuropemissedthedeadlineithadsetitselfin2010toeradicatemeasles-andhadalmost4,000Cases.Americawasdeclaredmeasles-freein2000;in2014ithadhundredsofcasesacross27statesandlastyearsawitsfirstdeathfromthediseaseinmorethanadecade.Thetrendsforothervaccine-preventablediseases,suchasrubella,whichcancausecongenitaldisabilitiesifapregnantwomancatchesit,arealarming,too.

ThissorrystateofaffairsJsoftenblamedonhardline"anti-vaxxers:parent’suhorefusesallvaccinesfortheirchildren.Theyarcamotleylot.TheAmishinAmericaspurnmodernmedicine,alongwithalmosteverythingelseinventedsincethe17thcentury.Somevegansobjecttotheuseofanimal-derivedproductsinvaccines'manufacture.TheProtestantDutchReformedChurchthinksvaccinesthwartdivinewill.Anthroposophy,foundedinthe19thcenturybyRudolfSteiner,anAustrianmystic-cum-philosopher,preachesthatdiseasesstrengthenchildren'sphysicalandmentaldevelopment.

Inmostcountriessuchrefuseniksareonly2-3%ofparents.Butbecausetheytendtoliveinclusters,theycanbethesourceofoutbreaks.Abiggerproblem,though,isthegrowingnumberofparentswhodelayvaccination,orpickandchoosejabs.StudiesfromAmerica,AustraliaandEuropesuggestthataboutaquarterofparentsfallintothisgroup,generallybecausetheythinkthatthestandardvaccinationschedule,whichprotectsagainstaroundadozendiseases,"overloads-children’simmunesystems,orthatparticularvaccinesareunsafe.Somebelievevaccinesinterferewith“naturalimmunity".Manywereshakenbyaclaim,laterdebunked,thattherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRvaccine,whichprotectsagainstmeasles,mumpsandrubella.

InAmerica,somepourchildrenmissoutonvaccinesdespiteafederalprogrammetoprovidethejabsfree,sincetheyhavenoregularrelationshipwithafamilydoctor.SomeoutbreaksinEasternEuropehavestartedincommunitiesorRoma(gypsies).Membersofthispoorandostracizedminorityareshunnedbyhealthworkersandoftengounvaccinated.

1.Theword"culprits"(Line2.Paragraph1)probablyrefersto（）.

2.Theword"Anti-vaxxers"(Line1,Paragraph1)probablyrefersto（）.

3.Forsomediseases（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingaccordswiththeauthor'sview?

问题1选项

A.someonewhotriestomakedrug.

B.someonewhosupportsvaccination

C.someonewhoobjectsanti-vaxxers

D.someonewhoperpetrateswrongdoing

问题2选项

A.thosewhorefuseallvaccinesfortheirchildren.

B.thosewhoagreemtakevaccinesfortheirchildren

C.thosewhobelieveinvaccines.

D.thosewhodelayvaccines.

问题3选项

A.richcountriesarelesseffectiveindiseasepreventionthanpoorcountries.

B.richcountriesaretryingtoeradicatewhilepoorcountriescan't.

C.theyfindnowayintherichcountriesbutthepoorcountries.

D.theycomebackinthepoorcountriesonly

问题4选项

A.1980witnessedtheeradicationofsmallpox.

B.isthehelpofvaccine

C.countriessave2.5mlivesayear

D.Vaccinesareusuallymildwithoutharm.

问题5选项

A.Alldiseasewillbeeradicatedifpeopleacceptvaccines.

B.Anti-vaxxerscanbethesourceofoutbreaksbecausetheylendtoliveinclusters.

C.TherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRVaccine-

D.Toomanyvaccineswouldoverloadchildren'simmunesystems

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.词义题。根据题干定位至第一段:SomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica(与非洲贫困地区相比，部分西方国家的疫苗接种率更低),以及:Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits(反疫苗者并非主要的…)。由此推断“culprits”是对“反疫苗者”的介绍。因此D项“做坏事（不道德行为）的某人”正确。

2.词义题。根据题干定位至第一段:SomeWesterncountrieshavelowervaccinationratesthanpoorpartsofAfrica(与非洲贫困地区相比，部分西方国家的疫苗接种率更低),以及:Anti-vaxxersarenotthemainculprits，可知，“Anti-vaxxers”是指A项“那些拒绝为孩子接种所有疫苗的人”。

3.判断推理题。A:在疾病预防上，富裕国家没有贫穷国家更有效，第二段指出:Butforsomediseases,thepatternisreversed.Thesearetheailmentsforwhichvaccinationsexist.Manypoorcountriesrunhighlyeffectivevaccinationprogrammes(但对于一些需要接种疫苗而疫苗存在安全隐患的疾病来说，上述模式正好相反。许多落后国家实施高效疫苗接种方案)。因此A正确。B:富国正在努力根除，而贫穷国家却不能。第二段指出:Eradicatingadiseaseisthesortofaimthatrichcountriescomeupwith,andpooronesstruggletoreach(消灭疾病是发达国家提出的目标，落后的国家则要很努力才能实现这一目标)。C:他们在富国找不到出路，只有在穷国。文章并未体现此项。D:仅仅在贫穷国家卷土重来。根据第二段中“insomeplacestheyaremakingacomeback”可知D项错误。因此，本题选A。

4.事实细节题。第三段指出:Smallpoxwaseradicatedin1980withthehelpofavaccine(在疫苗的作用下，1980年，天花得以消灭)，因此A项正确。

5.判断推理题。A:如果人们接种疫苗，那么所有疾病将根除。此选项在文中找不到依据。B：反疫苗者可能成为爆发的源头，因为他们为群居。倒数第二段指出:Butbecausetheytendtoliveinclusters,theycanbethesourceofoutbreaks(然而，因为他们大多为群居生活，这可能使得他们成为疾病爆发的源头)，因此B项符合作者的观点。C:自闭症和MMR疫苗之间有联系。倒数第二段指出:Manywereshakenbyaclaim,laterdebunked,thattherewasalinkbetweenautismandtheMMRvaccine,whichprotectsagains