考研考博-英语-川南幼儿师范高等专科学校押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-川南幼儿师范高等专科学校押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Sheboughtahousenearthesealastyearsoshecouldtakea（）alongthebeachwhenevershewantedto.

问题1选项

A.stroll

B.stride

C.stretch

D.strand

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。stroll"散步,漫步";stride"大步";stretch"延伸,延续";strand"（线、绳、发的）股;缕"。句意：她去年在海边买了一所房子，这样她就可以随时在海滩上散步了。选项A符合句意。

2.单选题

Thenewcomersfounditimpossibleto（

）themselvestotheclimatesufficientlytomakepermanenthomesinthenewcountry.

问题1选项

A.suit

B.adapt

C.regulate

D.coordinate

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配adaptoneselfto“使自己适应于……”，suitto“合适于，相称”；没有搭配regulateto和coordinateto，可排除C和D选项。句意：新来的人发现他们不可能使自己充分适应新国家的气候，而永久定居。因此选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

SomeAfricanAmericanshavehadaprofoundimpactonAmericansociety,changingmanypeople’sviewsonrace,historyandpolitics.ThefollowingisasamplingofAfricanAmericanswhohaveshapedsocietyandtheworldwiththeirspiritandtheirideals.

MuhammadAliCassiusMarcellusClaygrewupadevoutBaptistinLouisville,Kentucky,learningtofightatage12afterapoliceofficersuggestedhelearntodefendhimself.Sixyearslater,hewasanOlympicboxingchampion,goingontowinthreeworldheavyweighttitles.Hebecameknownasmuchforhisswagger（趾高气扬）outsidetheringashismovementinit,convertingtoIslamin1965,changinghisnametoMuhammadAliandrefusingtojointheU.S.Armyonreligiousgrounds.AliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerendedandhedevelopedParkinson’sdisease,evenlightingtheOlympictorchatthe1996AtlantaOlympicsandconveyingthepeacefulvirtuesofIslamfollowing

theSeptember11terroristattacks.

W.E.B.DuBoisBomWilliamEdwardBurghardtDuBoisin1868,thisMassachusettsnativewasoneofthemostprominent,prolificintellectualsofhistime.Anacademic,activistandhistorian,DuBoisco-foundedtheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),edited“TheCrisis”magazineandwrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarlyarticles.Inperhapshismostfamouswork,“TheSoulsofBlackFolk,”publishedin1903,hepredicted“theproblemof20thcenturywouldbetheproblemofthecolor-line.’’

MartinLutherKingJr.TheRev.MartinLutherKingJr.isconsideredoneofthemostpowerfulandpopularleadersoftheAmericancivilrightsmovement.Hespearheaded(带头，做先锋)amassive,nonviolentinitiativeofmarches,sit-ins,boycottsanddemonstrationsthatprofoundlyaffectedAmericans’attitudestowardracerelations.HewasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1964.

MalcolmXBlackleaderMalcolmXspokeoutabouttheconceptsofraceprideandblacknationalismintheearly1960s.Hedenouncedtheexploitationofblackpeoplebywhitesanddevelopedalargeanddedicatedfollowing,whichcontinuedevenafterhisdeathin1965.Interestintheleader

surgedagainafterSpikeLee’s1992movie“MalcolmX”wasreleased.

JackieRobinsonIn1947,JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrierbyjoiningtheBrooklynDodgers,becomingthefirstblackbaseballplayerintheU.S.majorleagues.Afterretirementfrombaseballin1957,heremainedactiveincivilrightsandyouthactivities.In1962,hebecamethefirstAfrican-AmericantobeinductedintotheBaseballHallofFame.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutMuhammadAli?

2.Theitalicizedword“prolific”(Line2,Para.3)issynonymousto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whatiscommonamongthecelebritiesmentionedinthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeatitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Heneverservedinthearmy.

B.Helearnedtofightatanearlyage.

C.Hispopularitydecreasedafterhisretirementfromboxing.

D.Helovespeace.

问题2选项

A.smart

B.skilled

C.productive

D.pioneering

问题3选项

A.W.E.B.DuBoiswasengagedinthecauseofpromotingthestatusofcoloredpeople.

B.JackieRobinsonwasdeniedbyU.S.majorbaseballleaguesthroughouthislife.

C.MartinLutherKingJr.washighlyawardedforhiscontributionstothecivilrightsmovements.

D.MalcolmXdirectlyorindirectlyinspiredinterestinleadershipevenafterhisdeath.

问题4选项

A.Eachachievedenormoussuccessinhis/herfieldandwashighlyrecognized.

B.Eachwasdevotedtohis/hercausebutdidn’twinrecognitionuntildeath.

C.Allwereactiveandfamousinseveralfieldsintheirlifetime.

D.Alllovedpeaceandremainedactiveincivilrightsactivities.

问题5选项

A.LifeofFamousAfricanAmericans

B.InfluenceofFamousAfricanAmericans

C.PoliticalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

D.CulturalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节判断题。原文第二段尾句指出Aliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerended(Ali在运动生涯结束后仍然很受欢迎)。C选项说从拳击退役后，他的声望下降了,与原文不符。

2.语义题。Prolific形容intellectuals,原文第三段第二句wrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarly

articles可知，这里要表达的是“丰富的才能,足智多谋”，productive最相符。

3.细节判断题。根据题干定位到Jackie段落，JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrier...firstblackbaseballplayer(JackieRobinson打破了肤色障碍,成为第一个黑人棒球运动员)。B选项与此不符。

4.细节归纳题。文中提到的每个名人在其领域都取得了巨大的成就并且被高度认可。

5.主旨大意题。本文只介绍了一些非裔美国人在政治和文化方面的生平事迹，但是并没有着重于他们带来的影响。

4.翻译题

工作使人忙碌，让人不会感到寂寞、孤独。工作给人以充实感和成就感。研究表明，人们无事可做时会感到不愉快、忧虑、孤独。相反，忙于工作的人感到最愉快。许多热爱事业、卓有成就的人感到在努力工作时最幸福。工作起到人与现实之间的桥梁作用:通过工作，人们彼此接触;通过集体活动，人们得到友谊和温暖。由此我们可以得出结论：工作能使人幸福,使人健康。

【答案】Workmakesonebusy,makesonefeelneitherlonelynorsolitary.Workgivesoneasenseofenrichmentandasenseofachievement.Researchindicatesthatpeoplefeelunhappy,concernedandsolitarywhentheyhavenothingtodo.Onthecontrary,peoplebusywiththeirworkfeelextremelyhappy.Manypeoplelovingtheircareerandhavingmadetheirprominentachievementsfeelveryhappywhileworkinghard.Workservesasabridgebetweenpeopleandreality.Throughwork,peopleareabletocomeintocontactwithoneanother.Throughcollectiveactivities,peoplegetfriendshipandwarmth.Thuswecanreachtheconclusionthatworkcanmakeonehappyandhealthy.

5.单选题

Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.

Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds，catarrhs（黏膜炎）andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy（中风）.The

suddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.

Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodesexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeedtheylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhadtostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic（滑稽的）press.Thiskindofthing:Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.

Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.

1.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat______.

2.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept______.

3.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebut_____.

4.Wemaysafelyconcludethat_____.

5.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogether

B.peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobe

C.alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikely

D.railwayleadstheworldtopeace

问题2选项

A.therailwayenablespeopletotravelfast

B.therailwaybringscomforttopeople

C.therailwaymakestheworldpeaceful

D.therailwayleadstheworldtowaraswell

问题3选项

A.tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealth

B.thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople’snerves

C.therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople’slungs

D.tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie

问题4选项

A.theauthorbelongstotheanti-railwaygroup

B.theauthorbelongstothefor-railwaygroup

C.theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailway

D.theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentialdangers

问题5选项

A.Practical.

B.Satirical.

C.Humorous.

D.Exaggerated.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句，“themorewearetogether-themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.”，可知男孩女孩们都知道，大家越是团结在一起，发生战争的机会就越大，选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.”，可知没有人预见到铁路是发生战争机会越来越多的原因。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句，“wouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth”，可知火车对人体健康是最危险的。选项A可排除。根据文章第二段第三句，“Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.”，可知噪音和眩光对人的神经有影响，选项B可排除。根据第二段第四句，“woulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.”，可知对人体肺部也有影响，选项C排除。选项D符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.”，可知人们没有预见铁路是敌军快速移动的一种方式，可推断出作者提出了火车的不好，表明了自己反对铁路的立场，所以他是反铁路组织的一员。选项A符合题意。

5.作者态度题。文章第二段提到了火车会对身体健康等各方面带来危害，最后一段还举到了一位作家对火车描述的例子，可见作者是运用了讽刺的语气来描写的。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Shewasagreathelptoherfamilywhenherfathersufferedamental（）andhadtobehospitalized.

问题1选项

A.destruction

B.disaster

C.damage

D.collapse

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:destruction“破坏，毁灭”；B:disaster“灾难；不幸”；C:damage“损害”；D:collapse“崩溃；衰弱”。句意：当她的父亲精神上受到伤害，不得不住院时，她对家人帮助很大。根据句意，精神伤害应为mentaldamage，故C为正确答案。

7.单选题

MissRosemaryAdangwentthroughthecompositioncarefullyto（）allerrorsfromit.

问题1选项

A.eliminate

B.terminate

C.illuminate

D.alleviate

【答案】A

【解析】同形词辨析题。eliminate“排除；消除”；terminate“结束；终结”；illuminate“照亮”；alleviate“减轻；缓和”，“仔细地浏览作文”的目的是“排除错误”，符合逻辑，所以此处应该使用动词eliminate，故正确答案为选项A。句意为：罗斯玛丽亚当小姐仔细地浏览作文，以排除所有错误。

8.单选题

Duringthereadinglesson,theteacheraskedstudentstoreadafew（

）fromthenovel.

问题1选项

A.pieces

B.essays

C.fragments

D.extracts

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。句意:上阅读课时，老师要求学生阅读小说中的几个。

pieces(完整的)作品;essay论文,文章;fragment片段,一般指文艺作品中的残存部分；extract书本中的摘录，选段等。故选D。

9.单选题

Haveyouseenthehandylittle______?It’sforseparatingeggyolksfromwhite.

问题1选项

A.aerosol

B.crate

C.margarine

D.gadget

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.aerosol喷雾器B.crate大木箱；板条箱

C.margarine人造黄油D.gadget小器具；小配件

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】由第二句句意“这是用来分离蛋黄和蛋白的”可知，空格处是一种将鸡蛋的蛋清和蛋白分离的工具，D项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】你见过那个方便的小工具吗？它可以用来分离蛋黄和蛋白的。

10.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Man’syouthisawonderfulthing:itissofullofanguishandofmagicandhenevercomestoknowitasitis,untilithasgonefromhimforever.

Itisthethinghecannotbeartolose;itisthethingwhosepassinghewatcheswithinfinitesorrowandregret;itisthethingwhoselosshemustlamentforever;itisthethingwhoselosshereallywelcomeswithasadandsecretjoy;thethingwouldneverwillinglyreliveagain,coulditberestoredtohimbyanymagic.

【答案】人的青春美妙绝伦，虽满是痛楚，但魅力无限。年少时不了解青春为何物，当其永逝，方才幡然大悟。

青春的逝去令人百般不舍，目睹其渐行渐远，难免触目伤怀，悔不当初。但青春不再却又着实让人悲喜交加。可即便奇迹出现，时光倒流，却也无人情愿重度那段青春岁月。

11.翻译题

中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。然而，我国人口众多，资源相对不足，经济规模越来越大，经济发展与资源和环境之间的矛盾日益突出。环境污染严重，生态状况恶化、资源耗费巨大、回收率低而导致环境破坏等问题，已成为中国经济保持可持续发展的瓶颈。

从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的进程中，已将环境保护视为一项基本国策，将实现经济可持续发展视为一项重要战略，同时在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动，环境恶化的状况基本得到了控制。实践证明，我们协调经济发展与环境保护两者之间关系的做法是行之有效的。人类发展只有合理地利用自然界，与自然界保持和谐关系，才能维持和发展人类所创造的文明，才能与自然界共生共荣、协调发展。中国作为国际社会的成员，在努力保护自己环境的同时，还积极参与国际环保事务，促进国际环保合作，并认真履行国际义务。所有这些都充分表明了中国政府和人民保护全球环境的诚意和决心。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Asadevelopingcountry,Chinaisconfrontedwiththedualtaskofdevelopingitseconomyandprotectingitsenvironment.However,acountrywithalargepopulation,relativeinsufficiencyofnaturalresourcesandanexpandingeconomy,Chinasuffersanincreasinglysignificantdisparitybetweeneconomicdevelopmentandnaturalresourcesandtheenvironment.Theseriousenvironmentalproblemcausedbyseverepollution,deterioratingecologicalconditions,hugeconsumptionofresourcesandlowreclamationhasalreadybecomeabottleneckforthesustainabledevelopmentoftheChineseeconomy.

Proceedingfromitsactualconditions,Chinahas,intheprocessofpromotingitsoverallmodernizationprogram,madeenvironmentalprotectiononeofitsbasicstatepolicies,regardedtherealizationofsustainedeconomicdevelopmentasanimportantstrategyandmeanwhile,carriedoutnationwidecampaignsforpollutionpreventionandtreatmentaswellasenvironmentandecologyconservation,theconditionsofenvironmentaldegradationhavebeencontrolledfundamentally.Practiceshowsthatourpracticeofcoordinatingtherelationshipbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectioniseffective.Onlyifmanmakesreasonableuseofnatureandkeepsaharmoniousrelationshipwithitintheprocessofdevelopmentcanthecivilizationcreatedbyhimbemaintainedanddeveloped,canhesharesubsistenceandglorywithnatureanddevelopwithnatureinacoordinatingway.Asamemberoftheinternationalcommunity,China,whilemakinggreateffortstoprotectitsownenvironment,hastakenanactivepartininternationalenvironmentalaffairs,striventopromoteinternationalcooperationinthefieldofenvironmentalprotection,andearnestlyfulfilleditsinternationalobligations.AllthosehavegivenfullexpressiontothesincerityanddeterminationoftheChinesegovernmentandpeopletoprotecttheglobalenvironment.

12.单选题

6.

问题1选项

A.Toresignrightaway.

B.Toworkonemoredayaschairman.

C.Tothinktwicebeforehemakesthedecision.

D.Toreceivefurthertraininguponhisresignation.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Ihadit.Iamresigningfromthejobofchairmanrightnow.Ican’tstanditanotherday.

W:Doyoureallymeanthatyouwanttoquit?

M:Well,maybe,I’llgiveitasecondthought.

Q:Whatisthemangoingtodo?

【解析】男士说：I’llgiveitasecondthought,即他会重新考虑一下。

13.单选题

Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans,AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.

Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethics(伦理学)professorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.

Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“ThethoughtthatI’minitformehasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”MsElshtainsays.

Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.

Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.

Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalament（挽歌）forsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishful（一厢情愿的）longingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.

Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan’tbebought.”

1.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans（）.

2.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?

4.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence（）.

5.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed（）.

问题1选项

A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards

B.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays

C.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthings

D.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards

问题2选项

A.itsgrowingwealth

B.theself-centerednessofindividuals

C.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchanges

D.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities

问题3选项

A.Greatmobility

B.Emphasisonindividualeffort

C.Concernforone’sneighbors

D.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds

问题4选项

A.assomethingunheardof

B.attractedalotofpublicattention

C.wasbynomeansarareoccurrence

D.begantoappearinanalysts’data

问题5选项

A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”

B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights

C.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice

D.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。由题干关键词定位到第一段的第一二句话Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans（道德标准的下降——长期以来一直困扰着社会分析人士——终于引起了普通美国人的注意。）后文说JeanBethkeElshtain对于这个很开心，由此可知D选项“意识到他们道德标准的降低”正确。A、B、C在原文都没有提到，因此排除。

2.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段第二句话MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.（美国社会的物质主义和个人主义是最大的障碍。）从这句可以看出物质主义和个人主义这两点是美国社会最大的障碍，也是引发道德衰落的原因，由此可知B选项“个人的自我中心”正确。而对物质财富的崇尚，和财富本身的增长没有直接联系，因此A选项错误；C选项出现在第三段的第一句thechallengeisnottobeunderestimated（挑战不应被低估），这里的挑战就是指的Materialism和individualism，但是选项把challenge换成了change，因此属于偷换概念，C选项错误；D选项出现在倒数第二段，根据篇章分析对这一段的说明，这种歧视现象是过去那个道德水平较高时代的现象，因此绝不会是它引起了现今道德水平的下降，因此D选项也错误。

3.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到第四段Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.（她说，这在一定程度上可以归因于传统社区的解体，在传统社区中，邻居们互相照顾。）由此可见，对邻居的关照是传统社区的特点，因此C选项“对邻居的关心”正确。A选项体现在Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.（随着当今社会流动性的增强，以及如此多的夫妻都在工作，这种纽带已经被削弱，取而代之的是对自我的更加强调。）这里提到了高流动性，高流动性实际应该是指人口居住地不断变化，邻居之间相处时间不会很长，也就无法培养良好关系，当然也不会互相关心互相照料。可以说A是造成B和D的原因之一（另一原因是双职工——夫妻二人都去上班，也就很少有机会和邻居交往），而B和D都是现今社会的特点，不是传统社区的特点，因此A、B、D不对。

4.事实细节题。由题干关键词定位到第五段DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers（数据显示，美国人正艰难应对问题闻所未闻的1950年代，如课堂暴力和高速率的未婚母亲。）开头是“数据表明”，后面是数据所显示的内容。Americansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s，美国人正在同许多问题做斗争，这些问题在五十年代闻所未闻（unheardof），suchas表示例举，说明classroomviolence是problems的一个例子，由此可得A选项“是闻所未闻的”正确。C的说法与A正好相反，bynomeans，绝非；rare，极少，双重否定等于肯定，也就是说班级暴力在五十年代经常发生，是错误的；B的说法与A相互矛盾，既然闻所未闻，也就不可能投入关注；D有一定迷惑性，按照句意，班级暴力肯定存在于分析家的数据中，因为句头就有datashow。但要注意，题目的开头有一句Inthe1950s，也就是说班级暴力进入分析家的数据是在50年代。班级暴力在那时尚且闻所未闻，当然是不可能进入分析数据的。

5.事实细节题。由题干关键词可以直接定位到最后一段，Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety（除非人们找到对抗社会上物质主义的方法，否则道德滑坡是不会逆转的。）因此D选项“如果不太重视物质的东西”正确。A和C都是没有提到的，B选项不是它的条件。

14.单选题

The______questioninthiscaseiswhethertheaccusedhadamotiveforthiscrimeornot.

问题1选项

A.crucial

B.forcible

C.supreme

D.valuable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项crucial“决定性的”；B选项forcible“有说服力的”；C选项supreme“最高的；极大的，极其的”；D选项valuable“有价值的；重要的”。句意：这个案子的______问题是被告是否有犯罪动机。根据语境，A选项crucial“决定性的”比较符合犯罪动机在案件中的参考作用，符合题意。因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

Bycontrast,Americanmothersweremorelikely（

）theirchildren’ssuccess（

）naturaltalent.

问题1选项

A.tocontribute...to

B.toattribute...in

C.toattribute…to

D.tocontribute…in

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：相反地，美国母亲更倾向于把他们孩子的成功（）天生的才能。这里根据固定搭配排除B、D；contributeto“有助于，促成”；attributeto“归因于”，这里结合句意，答案应该选C，把自己孩子的成功归因于天生的才能。

16.单选题

Therewasonlyasmall（）inthecity'spopulationoverthelasttenyears.

问题1选项

A.intimacy

B.immortality

C.increment

D.incidence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项intimacy表示“性关系，亲密；亲昵行为”；B选项immortality表示“不朽，不灭”；C选项increment表示“增量，增加，盈余”；D选项incidence表示“发生率，影响，后果”。由句意“在过去十年里，这个城市的人口只有少量”可知，只有C项最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为C项。

17.单选题

Creatingsomuchconfusion,Jasonrealizedhehadbettermake（

）whathewastryingtotelltheaudience.

问题1选项

A.exclusive

B.explicit

C.objective

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。exclusive“独有的，排外的”；explicit“明确的，清楚的”；objective“客观的”；obscure“不清楚的，隐蔽的”。句意：在造成诸多困惑后，杰森意识到自己最好把试图告诉听众的事情弄清楚。由Creatingsomuchconfusion可知Jason最好是把这些困惑给弄清楚。答案B

18.单选题

Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionhealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebamdoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.

Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWsthelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply;thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesofl