2019年专业英语四级考试真题

2019年专业英语四级真题试卷PARTIDICTATION Listentothefollowingpassage.Altogetherthepassagewillbereadtoyoufourtimes.Duringthefirstreading,whichwillbedoneatnormalspeed,listenandtrytounderstandthemeaning.Forthesecondandthirdreadings,thepassage,exceptthefirstsentence,willbereadsentencebysentence,orphrasebyphrase,withintervalsoffifteenseconds.Thelastreadingwillbedoneatnormalspeedagainandduringthistimeyoushouldcheckyourwork.YouwillthenbegivenONEminutetocheckthroughyourworkoncemore.WriteonANSWERSHEETONE.Thefirstsentenceofthepassageisalreadyprovided.Now,listentothepassage.PARTII LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION SECTIONA TALKInthissectionyouwillhearatalk.YouwillhearthetalkONCEONLY.Whilelistening,youmaylookatthetaskonANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.Makesurewhatyoufillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.Nowlistentothetalk.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTWOminutestocheckyourwork.SECTIONB CONVERSATIONSInthissectionyouwillheartwoconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeaten-secondpause.Duringthepause,youshouldreadthefourchoicesofA,B,CandD,andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthechoices.Now,listentotheconversations.ConversationOneQuestions1to5arebasedonConversationOne.A.Writer.Wells.WriterWells.SusanWriterWells.A.Shewasacareerwoman.Shewasthenafeminist.Shedidn’tlikehermaidenname.Shetookherhusband’ssurname.A.Shenamedherselfafterherprofession.Shenamedherselfafterherhometown.Shenamedherselfafteradayoftheweek.Shenamedherselfafterthesculptor.A.Itgiveswomengreaterequality.Itisagoodsolutiontoanoldproblem.TheproblemtroublingfeministsstillremainsThesurnameproblemhaspartlybeensolved.A.HistoryofsurnamesinAmerica.Feministmovementinthe1960s.TraditionalsurnamesinEurope.Reasonsforinventingsurnames.ConversationTwoQuestions6to10arebasedonConversationTwo.A.Areporterfromaweeklyprogram.Anexecutivedirectorfromacompany.Aguestonaweeklyprogram.AmagazineeditorfromSanDiego.A.Topreparealistofthingsthatyouhavedone.Toletyourbossknowthatyouwantapayrise.Toleteverybodyknowyourachievement.Toshamelesslypromoteyourselftoyourselftoyourboss.A.Becausethebosshasthedataonyourwork.Becauseyouwillbegivenmoreworktodo.Becauseitisunprofessionaltodoso.Becauseothersmaylosetrustinyou.A.Wecouldearnpraisefromourboss.Wemayforgetthegoodthingswe’vedone.Thingschangequicklyinworksituations.Thebosswillreviewourperformancedata.A.Websites.Radioprograms.Researchreports.Governmentdocuments.PARTIII LANGUAGEUSAGE Therearetwentysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefouroptionsmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceoranswerthequestion.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.Movingfrombeginningtoendbyorderoftime,narrationreliesonamorenaturalpatternoforganizationthan________.willothertypesofwritingdoothertypesofwritingonothertypesofwritingothertypesofwriting________theattemptedrescuemission,thehostagesmightstillbealive.IfitnothadbeenforIfhaditnotbeenforHaditnotbeenforHadnotitbeenforMembersoftheParliamentwerepoised________aheadwithabilltoapproveconstructionoftheoilpipeline.tomovemovingtomovingatmovingWritersoftencouplednarrationwithothertechniquestodevelopideasandsupportopinionsthatotherwise________abstract,unclear,orunconvincing.mayremaincouldremainmusthaveremainedmighthaveremainedProtocolwas________enabledhimtomakedifficultdecisionswithouteverlookingback.whowhatwhichthatThewomanhadpersuadedhimtodo________hewashirednevertodo—revealthecombinationforthelockontheentrance.onethingsuchonethinganyonethingtheonethingThebadnewswasthathecouldbeaverydangerousperson________hechoosetobe.shouldcouldmightmust“Itnotus,who?Ifnotnow,when?”Thesetwoquestionsareusedasa________.signofangercallforcationrefusaltochangedenialofcommitmentWhatisthefunctionofthepresentprogressivein“Theyarealwayscallingmebythewrongname”?Toexpressunfavorablefeelings.Toalleviateunnecessaryhostility.Toindicateuncertainty.Todramatizeafact.“HarrywascompelledtoresignandtocomedowntoLondon,wherehesetupasanarmycoach.”Therelativeclauseinthesentenceservesto________.supplyadditionalinformationaboutLondondescribetheantecedent“London”putrestrictionontheidentityofHarrynarrateasequentialactiontakenbyHarryAgroup________casinoshasurgedofficialsnottograntalicensetoafacilityinthecity.opposedtoobjectedtoposedagainstprotestedagainstAfterthewar,heworkedonanislandinthePacific,helpingthenativesandmedical________understandeachother’sbehaviorandcultures.facultypersonsmemberspersonnelThesubjectofmannersiscomplex.Ifitwerenot,therewouldnotbesomany________feelingsandsomuchmisunderstandingsininternationalcommunication.injuriousinjuredinjuringinjuryToillustratethelimitsofFirstAmendmentfreespeech,manyhavenotedthatthe________Constitutiondoesnotgiveyoutherighttofalsely________“Fire!”inacrowdedtheater.yelpyankyellyieldThecompanyannouncedthatithasachieveditsmissiontocreatealocalfoodeconomythatis________toanyenvironment.adoptableamendablealterableadaptableAlthoughPattersonacknowledgesthedisappointingseasonhehadwiththeVikings,hehasnosecond________abouthowhewentabouthisbusiness.thoughtsopinionsconcernsreasonsElectroniccigarettesshouldbesubject________thesametaxesandlimitationsonpublicuseastraditionaltobaccoproducts.aboutattoonFCBarcelona,________themosticonicclubinworldsoccer,beatManchesterUnited2-0toclaimtheUEFAChampionsLeaguetitle.controversiallyarguablydebatablyfinallyThestoresellsliquidvitamins________designedforchildrenunder3.explicitlyspeciallyspeculativelyspecificallyThethreelaw________officersontheplanecametotherescueofafellowpassengerwhowasallegedlytryingtokillherself.enforcementreinforcementimpositioncoercionPARTIV CLOZE [10MIN]Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblank.ThewordscanbeusedONCEONLY.MarktheletterforeachwordonANSWERSHEETTWO.A.daydreamB.disagreementC.factuallyD.ifE.inevitableF.inseparableG.laysH.makingI.perspectiveJ.residesK.thatL.thinkingM.thoughtfullyN.ultimatelyO.wakeTosomethinkers,itismachinesandtheirdevelopmentthatdriveeconomicandculturalchange.Thisideaisreferredtoastechnologicaldeterminism.CertainlytherecanbenodoubtthatmachinescontributedtotheProtestantReformationandthedeclineoftheCatholicChurch’spowerinEurope________(31)televisionhaschangedthewayfamilymembersinteract.Thosewhobelieveintechnologicaldeterminismwouldarguethatthesechangesintheculturallandscapewerethe________(32)resultofnewtechnology.Butothersseetechnologyasmoreneutralandclaimthatthewaypeopleusetechnologyiswhatgivesitsignificance.This_________(33)acceptstechnologyasoneofmanyfactorsthatshapeeconomicandculturalchange;technology’sinfluenceis________(34)determinedbyhowmuchpoweritisgivenbythepeopleandculturesthatuseit.This________(35)aboutthepoweroftechnologyisattheheartofthecontroversysurroundingthenewcommunicationtechnologies.Arewemoreorlesspowerlessinthe________(36)ofadvancessuchastheInternet,theWorldWideWeb,andinstantglobalaudioandvisualcommunication?Ifweareatthemercyoftechnology,theculturethatsurroundsuswillnotbeofour________(37)andthebestwecanhopetodoismakeourwayreasonablywellinaworldoutsideourowncontrol.Butifthesetechnologiesareindeedneutralandtheirpower________(38)inhowwechoosetousethem,wecanutilizethemresponsiblyand________(39)toconstructandmaintainwhateverkindofculturewewant.AsfilmdirectorandtechnophileSteveSpielbergexplained,“Technologycanbeourbestfriend,andtechnologycanalsobethebiggestpartypooperofourlives.Itinterruptsourownstory,interruptsourabilitytohaveathoughtor________(40),toimaginesomethingwonderful.”PARTV READINGCOMPREHENSION SECTIONA MULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONSInthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONELifecanbetoughforimmigrantsinAmerica.AsaRomanianbankclerkinAtlantaputsit,tofindagoodjob“youhavetobelikeawolfintheforest—abletosmelloutthebestmeat.”Andifyoucan’tfindwork,don’texpectthetaxpayertobailyouout.UnlikeinsomeEuropeancountries,itisextremelyhardforanable-bodiedimmigranttoliveoffthestate.Alawpassedin1996explicitlybarsmostimmigrants,eventhosewithlegalstatus,fromreceivingalmostanyfederalbenefits.ThatisonereasonwhyAmericaabsorbsimmigrantsbetterthanmanyotherrichcountries,accordingtoanewstudybytheUniversityofCalifornia.Theresearcherssoughttomeasuretheeffectofimmigrationonthenative-bornin20richcountries,takingintoaccountdifferencesinskillsbetweenimmigrantsandnatives,imperfectlabormarketsandthesizeofthewelfarestateineachcountry.Theirresultsofferammunitionforfansofmoreopenborders.In19outof20countries,theauthorscalculatedthatshuttingthedoorsentirelytoforeignworkerswouldmakethenative-bornworseoff.Nevermindwhatitwoulddototheimmigrantsthemselves,whobenefitfarmorethananyoneelsefrombeingallowedtocrossborderstofindwork.Thestudyalsosuggeststhatmostcountriescouldhandlemoreimmigrationthantheycurrentlyallow.InAmerica,aone-percentagepointincreaseintheproportionofimmigrantsinthepopulationmadethenative-born0.05%betteroff.Theoppositewastrueinsomecountrieswithgenerousorill-designedwelfarestates,however.Aone-pointriseinimmigrationmadethenative-bornslightlyworseoffinAustria,Belgium,Germany,Luxembourg,theNetherlands,SwedenandSwitzerland.InBelgium,immigrantswholosejobscanreceivealmosttwo-thirdsoftheirmostrecentwageinstatebenefits,whichmustmakethehuntforanewjoblessurgent.Noneoftheseeffectswaslarge,butthestudyunderminestheclaimthatimmigrantsstealjobsfromnativesordragdowntheirwages.ManyimmigrantstakejobsthatAmericansdonotwant,thestudyfinds.This“smooths”thelabormarketandultimatelycreatesmorejobsforlocals.Native-ownedgrocerystoresdobetterbusinessbecausethereareimmigrantstopickthefruittheysell.IndiancomputerscientistshelpAmericansoftwarefirmsexpand.Apreviousstudyfoundthatbecauseimmigrantstypicallyearnlessthanlocalswithsimilarskills,theyboostcorporateprofits,promptingcompaniestogrowandhiremorelocals.IncreaseinimmigrationinAustriafailstoimprovelocals’lifemainlybecauseof________.inadequateskillsofimmigrantsimperfectlabormarketslowwagesforlocalsthedesignofthewelfaresystemWhowillfavorthestudyresultsbyresearchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia?Peoplewhohavelegalstatus.Peoplewhorunbusinesses.Peoplewhoreceivestatebenefits.Peoplewhoarewillingtoearnless.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sattitudetowardimmigrantis________.cautiouslyfavorableslightlynegativestronglynegativequiteambiguousPASSAGETWOTherewassomethingintheelderlywoman’sbehaviorthatcaughtmyeye.Althoughslowgestures,andunsureofstepthewomanmovedwithdeliberation,andtherewasnohesitationinhergestures.Shewasasgoodasanyoneelse,hermovementssuggested.Andshehadajobtodo.Itwasafewyearsago,andIhadtakenapart-timeholiday-seasonjobinavideostoreatthelocalshoppingmall.Frominsidethestore,I’dbeguntoseethepeoplerushingbyoutsideinthemall’sconcourseasariverofhumanity.Theelderlywomanhadwalkedintothestorealongwithayoungerwomanwhoguessedwasherdaughter.Thedaughterwasdisplayingaseriouscaseofimpatience,rollinghereyes,huffingandsighing,checkingherwatcheveryfewseconds.Ifshehadpossessedaleash,hermotherwouldhavebeenfastenedtoitasameansoftuggingheralongtokeepstepwiththerushofothershoppers.TheolderwomandetachedfromtheyoungeroneandbegantotickthroughtheDVDsonthenearestshelf.Aftertheslightesthesitation,IwalkedoverandaskedifIcouldhelpherfindsomething.Thewomansmiledupatmeandshowedmeatitlescrawledonacrumpledpieceofpaper.Thetitlewasunusualandabitobscure.Clearlyapersonlookingforitknewalittleaboutmovies,aboutquality.RatherthanrushingofftolocatetheDVDforthewoman,IaskedhertowalkwithmesoIcouldshowherwhereshecouldfindit.Lookingback,IthinkIwantedtoenjoyhercompanyforamoment.Somethingaboutherdeliberatemovementsremindedmeofmyownmother,who’dpassedawaythepreviousChristmas.Aswewalkedalongthebackofthestore,Inarrateditsfloorplan:oldtelevisionshows,actionmovies,cartoons,sciencefiction.Thewomanseemedgladoftheunrushedcompanyandcasualconversation.Wefoundthemovie,andIcomplimentedheronherchoice.Shesmiledandtoldmeitwasoneshe’denjoyedwhenshewasherson’sageandthatshehopedhewouldenjoyitasmuchasshehad.Maybe,shesaidwithahintofwistfulnesshecouldenjoyitwithhisownyoungchildren.Then,reluctantly,Ihadtoreturntheelderlywomantoherkeeper,whowasstilltappingherfootatthefrontofthestore.Iescortedtheolderwomantothequeueatthecashregisterandthensteppedbackandlingeredneartheyoungerwoman.Whentheolderwoman’sturninlinecame,shepaidincash,countingoutthedollarsandcoinswiththesamesurenessshe’ddisplayedearlier.AsthecashiertuckedtheDVDintoaplasticbag,Iwalkedovertotheyoungerwoman.“Isthatyourmom?”Iasked.Ihalfwayexpectedhertotellmeitwasnoneofmybusiness.Butpossiblybelievingmetobetolerantofherimpatience,sherolledhereyesandsaid,“Yeah.”Therewasexasperationinherreply,halfsighandhalfgroan.Stillwatchingthemother,Isaid,“Mindsomeadvice?”“Sure,”saidthedaughter.IsmiledtoshowherIwasn’tcriticizing.“Cherishher,”Isaid.AndthenIansweredhercuriousexpressionbysaying,“Whenshe’sgone,it’sthelittlemomentsthat’llcomebacktoyou.Momentslikethis.Iknow.”Itwastrue.ImissedmymomstillandrememberedwithmelancholyclaritythemomentswhenI’dusedmyimpatiencetomakeherlifemiserable.Theelderlywomanmovedwithherdeliberateslownessbacktoherdaughter’scustody.Togethertheymadetheirwaytowardthestore’sexit.Theystoodthereforamoment,sidebyside,watchingtherushoftheholidaycurrentandfortheirplaceinit.Thenthedaughterglancedoverandmomentarilyregardedhermother.Andslowly,almostreluctantly,sheplacedherarmwithapparentlyunaccustomedaffectionaroundhermother’sshouldersandgentlyguidedherbackintothecrowds.Whatdoes“shehadajobtodo”(Para.1)meanaccordingtothecontext?Shehadaregularjobinthestore.Shewantedtoaskforhelp.ShewantedtobuyaDVD.Shewasthinkingofwhattobuy.WhatdoesthetitleoftheDVDrevealaccordingtotheshopassistant?Theelderlywomanhadsomeknowledgeaboutmovies.Theelderlywomanlikedmoviesforyoungchildren.Theelderlywomanpreferredmovieshersonliked.Theelderlywomanlikedbotholdandnewmovies.Inthepassagetheelderlywoman’sdaughterisdescribedasbeing________.impoliteuncaringnaivemiserlyWhilelookingfortheDVDwiththeoldwoman,theshopassistantwas________.hesitantindifferentfrustratedpatientPASSAGETHREEReadingaward-winningliteraturemayboostyourabilitytoreadotherpeople,anewstudysuggests.ResearchersattheNewSchoolforSocialResearch,inNewYorkCity,foundthatwhentheyhadvolunteersreadworksofacclaimed“literaryfiction”,itseemedtotemporarilyimprovetheirabilitytointerpretotherpeople’semotions.Thesamewasnottrueofnonfictionor“popular”fiction,themystery,romanceandscience-fictionbooksthatoftendominatebestsellerlists.Expertssaidthefindings,reportedonlineinScience,suggestthatliteraturemighthelppeopletobemoreperceptiveandengagedintheirlives.“Readingliteraryfictionisn’tjustforpassingthetime.It’snotjustanescape,”saidKeithOatley,aprofessoremeritusofcognitivepsychologyattheUniversityofToronto.Italsoenablesustobetterunderstandothers,andthentakethatintoourdailylives.Oatleywasnotinvolvedinthenewresearch,butworkedonsomeofthefirststudiestosuggestthatreadingliteraturecanboostpeople’sempathyforothers.Histeamhasfoundthatthosewhoreadalotoffictiontendtoshowgreaterempathyonstandardtests,butthesameisnottrueofavidnonfictionfans.But,thestudybyOatleyandhisteamcannotprovethatliteratureboostsempathy—empatheticfolksmayjustbedrawntoreadingfiction,whereasthenewstudydoesoffersome“cause-and-effect”evidence,Oatleysaid.Forthestudy,researcherssetupaseriesoffiveexperimentsinwhichparticipantsreadeitherliteraryfiction,popularfiction,nonfictionornothingatallbeforetakingsomestandardtests.Oneofthetestsisknownas“ReadingtheMindintheEyes”.Peoplehavetolookatphotosofactors’eyes,andthenguesswhatemotionisbeingexpressedineach.Thetestisconsideredameasureofempathy.Overall,studyparticipantsfaredbetteronthetestafterreadingliteraryfiction,versustheotherthreeconditions.Itwasasmallimprovement,accordingtotheprincipalresearcherDavidComerKidd,“It’snotliketakingpeoplefroma(grade)‘C’toan‘A’,”hesaid.But,Kiddadded,theeffectwasseenafteronlyabout10minutes’reading,anditwasastatisticallystrongfinding,meaningit’sunlikelytohavebeenduetochance.“Literary”fictionhasnohard-and-fastdefinition.SoKiddandhiscolleagueschosecontemporaryworksthathavewonorbeenfinalistsforoutstandingliteraryawards.Theyincluded“TheRoundHouse”,byLouiseErdrich,“SalvagetheBones”,byJesmynWardandtheshortstory“Corrie”byAliceMunro.And“popular”fictionincludedbest-sellerslike“GoneGirl”byGillianFlynn,andDanielleSteel’s“TheSinsoftheMother”.What’ssospecialaboutliteraryfiction?“Forone,it’susuallymorefocusedoncharactersthanonplot,”Kiddnoted.Butbeyondthat,hesaid,thereisusuallynosingle“authoritativenarrator”whotakesusthroughthestory.“Itdemandsthatthereaderalmostbecomeawriterandfillinthegaps.Youreallyhavetothinkaboutthecharacters,”Kiddsaid.Oatleyagreed.“AliceMunrodoesn’ttellyouwhattothink,”hesaid.“You,yourself,havetomakeinferencesaboutcharacters.Andthat’softenwhatwe’redoinginourreal-lifeconversations.”Oratleastthat’swhatpeoplecoulddo.Readingliteraryfictioncouldalsoofferawayto“practice”yoursocialskillsandusethemmoreinreallife,accordingtoanotherresearchernotinvolvedinthestudy.“It’slikehowpilotstraininaflightsimulator,”saidRaymondMar,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatYorkUniversity,inToronto,whohascollaboratedwithOatley.“Thisisagreatstudy,”Marsaidofthenewstudy.Butheaddedthattheoverallresearchinthisareais“stillinitsinfancy”andonekeyquestioniswhetherliteraryfictionreallyisbetterthanotherfiction.Marandhiscolleaguesrecentlyfoundthatfansofromancenovelstendedtodobestontestsofempathy.Unlikethecurrentstudy,Mar’sstudydidnottestpeopleafterhavingthemreaddifferenttypesoffiction.Soit’spossiblethatthereissomethingelseaboutromance-novelreadersthatmakesthemmoreunderstandingofothers.Still,accordingtoMar,it’stooearlytotellpeopletotradeintheirDanielleSteelforAliceMunro,atleastifthegoalisboostingempathy.It’salsopossiblethatplays,moviesorevenTVshowscouldbuildyourempathymuscles,accordingtoKidd.Butreadingmaybespecial,hesaid,becauseitprovidesnovisualsandyouhavetoengageyourimaginationmore.Everyoneagreedthatthefindingssuggestliteratureisimportantbeyondentertainmentorimprovingvocabulary.“There’sacommonbeliefthatreadingliteratureisfrivolous,ornotpractical,”Marsaid.“Butthere’sagrowingbodyofevidencethatit’simportantinskillsthatweneedinourlives.”Accordingtothenewstudy,whatkindofbooksarelikelytohelppeoplebetterunderstandothers’feelings?Sciencefiction.Romancenovels.Literaryfiction.Nonfiction.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECTaccordingtothepassage?Oatleyandhiscolleagueswereinvolvedinthenewstudy.Marandhisteamalsotestedpeopleafterreadingfiction.Kiddandhisteamhadpeoplereadprestigiousfiction.Kiddandhisteamwereuncertainabouttheirstudyresults.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaspecialfeatureofliteraryfiction?Presenceofanauthoritativenarrator.Morefocusoncharacterdescription.Demandonreaders’abilitytoinfer.Presenceofreaders’empatheticfeelings.SECTIONB SHORTANSWERQUESTIONSInthissectiontherearefiveshortanswerquestionsbasedonthepassagesinSectionA.AnswerthequestionswithNOMORETHANTENWORDSintheceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE51. Whatdoesthestatement“…,don’texpectthetaxpayertobailyouout.”mean?(Para.1)PASSAGETWOWhydidtheshopassistantleadtheelderlywomantofindtheDVDinsteadoffindingitforher?WhatdoesthelastsentenceinPara.16implyaboutthedaughter’sattitudetowardshermother?PASSAGETHREEWhatarethetwomainadvantagesofr