人教版英语选修六知识点

U3(选修六)Wordsandexpressions滥用,妄用；虐待，辱骂O弊病，陋习l.abusen.O21vt.滥用，妄用，虐待e.g.Heabusedhispowerwhileinoffice.他在职时滥用权力。Thosecaptiveswerephysicallyabused.那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残drugabuse滥用毒品childabuse虐待儿童abuseone'sposition/power滥用职权/权利abuseaprivilege滥用特权stress压力;重音,重读1)n.O1beunder(the)stress(of)在压力下sufferfromstress遭受压力thestressesandstrainsofmodernlife现代生活的压力和紧张强调,重要性O2e.g.Someschoollay/put/placestressonforeignlanguageeducation.vt.加压力于;重读;强调e.g.Hestressedtheimportanceofthetask.bann.禁令，禁止abanonsthvt.禁止，取缔bansb.from(doing)sth.颁布禁令imposeaban解除禁令liftabane.g.Ourgovernmenthasput/imposedabanonplasticbags.dueto归因于,归功于e.g.Theaccidentisduetoyourcarelessdriving.那意外事故归因于你驾驶不小心。beduetodosth定于某时做某事e.g.Heisduetospeakatthemeetingtomorrow.可以被causedby所代替Thetrainisdueinfiveminutes.(预定的，预期的)Myrentisn'tduetillWednesday.(到期的，立即支付的)Induecourse在适当的时候afterdueconsideration经适当考虑之后becauseof“由于”,较口语化，只作状语owingto较正式，须用逗号与主句隔开thanksto“多亏了”，多用于正面的意义asaresultof“因为”asaresult副短,“因此”therefore副词,“因此”so并列连词,“因此”becauseof,dueto,owingto,onaccountof和thanksto的用法比较的意思，在使用时应该注意以下区别：”由于“这一词都表示becauseof意为“由于，因为”，强调因果关系，在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一部分，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。.女如Wemustnotgetdiscouragedbecauseofsuchaminorsetback.我们决不可因为这样一个小小的挫折而灰心丧气。2．owingto与becauseof一样，也强调因果关系，除作状语外，也可作表语。作状语时修饰整个句子，可在句首或句末，用逗号隔开。如：Theydecidedtocanceltheflight，owingtothestorm．由于这场暴风雨，他们决定取消这个航班。Hisdeathwasowingtoanaccident．他死于一场事故。3．dueto引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、状语和定语。作表语和状语时与owingto同义，作状语时，一般不与其他成分隔开。不用于句首。如：Thisaccidentwasdueto（owingto）hiscarelessdriving．这次车祸是由于他开车疏忽大意造成的。Hearrivedlatedueto（owingto）thestorm.由于暴风雨他来晚了。Mistakesduetocarelessnessmayhaveseriousconsequences．由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。onaccountof与becauseof,owingto同义，但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语，不作定.语。如：Hecouldnotcomeonaccountofhisillness.他因病不能前来。Thatwasonaccountoflackofexercise.那是由于缺乏锻炼。thanksto表示“幸亏，多亏”多用于表达正面意思，相当于感谢，在句中作状语和表语。.•多亏你的建议，减少了许多麻烦。muchtroublewassaved女如Thankstoyouradvice，5.tough1）Thewireistougherthanthat.（坚韧的，不易磨损的）2）Youneedtobetoughenoughtosurviveinthejungle.（坚忍不拔的，吃苦耐劳的）3）atoughcriminal（粗暴的，凶暴的）4）toughmeasurestodealwithterrorism（强硬的，严厉的）5）atoughassignment/problem/choice（棘手的，困难的）6）atoughsteak（硬的，老的）fit1）V.Thedressdoesn'tfitme.Wecan'tfitanymorechairsintotheroom.（容纳）befittedwithhandles（安装）Hisideasdidnotquitefitinwithouraims.他的想法和我们的目标不完全一致。（与…相一致，相协调）2）Adj.keepfitbefitfor/todoThebookisfit（suitable）forchildren.Thefreshairisfittobreath.反义词：unfitbeunfitfor/todofit,suit,match区分.Theseshoesdon'tfitme.Haveyougotalargersize?这鞋我穿不合适。你们有大点的吗？Thathaircutsuitsyou.那种发型很适合你。Thecarpetsshouldmatchthecurtains.地毯应该和窗帘相配。

Youcan'tmatchhiminhisknowledgeofwildplants.在野生植物知识方面，你无法与他相比。addictedadj.“对某某上瘾”,“沉湎于某某”e.g.Mychildrenhavebecomehopelesslyaddictedtotelevision.我的几个孩子都成了电视迷,简直不可救药了。构词法：addictn.吸毒成瘾的人addictionn.沉湎、成瘾addictiveadj.使人上瘾的addict常用于下列结构：addictoneselftosth.沉溺于某物beaddictedtosth.专心做某事;上了…..的瘾beaddictedtodoingsth.Eg.Theparentsfelthelplesswhentheyfoundtheirsonhadlovestoriesforlong.A.addictedB.addictedtoC.addictedhimselfD.beenaddictedto&accustomv.使人习惯于、养成习惯e.g.Shefounditnecessarytoaccustomherchildtogettingupearly.她觉得有必要让孩子养成早起的好习惯。常用句式：1）accustom+名词/oneself+to+名eg.Childrenarequicktoaccustomthemselvestonewsurroundings.孩子们很快就会适应新环境。2）beaccustomedto+名词e.g.Iamaccustomedtowalkinglongdistances.我习惯与长距离步行。3）get/become/beaccustomedto+名词e.g.Youwillsoongetaccustomedtothejob.你将会习惯于这个工作。同义词组：be/get/becomeusedto注意:在英语中,to有时为动词不定式符号，后跟动词原形；有时用作介词，后跟名词、代词、或动名词。面的这些短语中的to均为介词。stickto坚持leadto导致,通向stickto坚持leadto导致,通向sentencesb.to宣判某人cometo谈到,涉及beupto总计beopposedto/objecttobeattachedtolookforwardtocontributetodevote…to致力于反对adjust（adapt）…topayattentiontoturntopayavisitto参观seeto处理，负责getdownto开始/着手bedevotedto致力于，献身于beexposedtoattendtoadmittowhenitcomesto9.withdraw-withdrawalThegeneralrefusedtowithdrawhistroops.（收回，撤回）Shewithdrewallhersavingsandleftthecountry.（取钱，提款）withdrawalsymptoms戒毒过程中出现的症状”停止做，“形式-ing接动词quitting,现在分词为quit,过去式和过去分词均为，动词10.quite.g.Shequitsmokingwhenshegotpregnant.她一怀孕就戒了烟。归类记忆:下列动词只能用-ing形式作宾语admit,advise,allow,appreciate,avoid,consider,deny,forbid（禁止）,fancy（想象）,finish,keep,mention,mind,miss,pardon,permit,prevent,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,imagine,postpone(推迟),practice,quit,resist(抵制),risk,suggest,tolerate,understandLine18:Ididfinallymanage.Line30:IdohopesobecauseIwantyoutolive…do/does/did+动词原形，用于肯定句和祈使句中，表示强调。注意：只用于强调谓语动词。强调谓语以外的成分可使用：Itis/wasthatItwaswhenIwasdoingmyhomeworkthatIsawhimsleeping.ItwasIthat/whosawhimsleepinginclass.Dobecarefulwhencrossingthestreet.HedoesspeakEnglishwell.Line19:Ididn'tknow,forexample,thatitcoulddoterribledamagetoyourheartandlungsorthatitwasmoredifficultforsmokingcouplestobecomepregnant.［点拨］该句是一个包含两个宾语从句的主从复合句。第二个宾语从句that不能省略。主句为Ididn'tknow。or连接这两个宾语从句，意为“也不(知道)”Idon'tknow...or...这个句型译为'‘我不知道……，也不知道……”。女如Idon'tknowwheretogoorwhattodo.我不知道去哪里也不知道干什么。Webelieve(that)youarehonestandthatyou'vetoldusthetruth.我们相信你很老实，也相信你已告诉了我们实情。Line22:NeitherdidIknowthatmycigarettesmokecouldaffecttheheathofnon-smokers.Line1:itisnoteasytostopsmoking,butmillionshavemanagedtoquitandsocanyou.neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词，表示否定的情况so+be/助动词/情态动词，表示肯定的情况。Shedoesn'tlikeEnglish,neitherdoI.Ihavemasteredtheuseofit,sohaveshe.注意：so+主语+助动词Ihavefinishedallmyhomework,sohaveshe.---Shefinishedallthehomeworkyesterday.---Soshedid.我已经完成了作业，她也是。---她昨天把所有的作业完成了。---她确实都完成了。Line27:Iknewitwastimetoquitsmoking.Itis/wastime(forsb)todosth.Itis(high/about)timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.Itis/was)thefirst(second…)timethatsb.have/hasdonesth./haddonesth.It'stimeforustostudyhard.该是我们认真学习的时候了It'shightimethatwestudied/shouldstudyhard.昨天晚上是我们第一次同学聚会。andIhavegottogether.It'sthefirsttimethatmyclassmatesstrengthenPracticingKongfustrengthensourbodies.Wemuststrengthenoursocialistconstruction.Weshouldstrengthenthelegalsystem.Heliftedthestonewithallhisstrength.Theabilitytokeepcalmisoneofhismanystrengths.Billwasdoingalotofphysicalexercisestobuilduphisstrength.Tomakemembersofateamperformbetter,thetrainerfirstofallhastoknowtheirstrengthsandweaknesses.decide-decisiondecide+名词/代词Thequestionwillbedecidedbythemselves.问题将由他们自己决定。decidetodoLastweek,agroupofClass3studentsdecidedtogotothemuseum.decide+从句Let'sfirstdecidewhereweshouldgo.(=Let'sfirstdecidewheretogo.)Itisnotdecidedwhetherwewillgothere.Itisdecidedthat...：Itisdecidedthatweshouldstarttomorrow.(注：这种从句要用虚拟语气。)跟介词短语(跟on或upon，表示“就某事做出决定”)：Don'tdecideonimportantmatterstooquickly.重要的事情不要匆忙做出决定。makeadecisiondeterminetodo/bedeterminedtodomakeupone'smind(s)todofeellike想要，只表示一次的想法，后接动词-ing形式e.g.It'ssohottoday.Ifeellikegoingswimming.今天好热啊,我想去游泳。摸起来像……,像是……e.g.ThematerialfeelslikesilkItfeelslikerain.wouldliketodoe.g.I'dliketohavedinnerwithyou.Line6:Everytimeyoufeellikesmokingacigarette,remindyourselfthatyouareanon-smoker.everytime在此句中引导时间状语，表示“每次…的时候”EverytimeIgotoseeher,sheisalwaysbusyworking.每次我去看她，她总是忙于工作。下列用法均可做连词：thefirsttime第一次…的时候themoment/minute/instant/immediately/instantly/directly一….就….everytime=eachtime每次…的时候lasttime上次nexttime下次bythetime到…为止第一次见到他的时候，我就喜欢他了。IfellinlovewithhimthefirsttimeIsawhim.ThelasttimeIsawher,shewasworking.最后一次见到她的时候，她正在工作。Ialwaysgotooseemybestfriendimmediatelywehaveaholiday.一放假，我总是去看我最好的朋友。remindremindsbofsthremindsbtotoremindsbthat…e.g.ThestoryremindedmeofanexperienceIoncelived.Youmustremindhimtotakehismedicine,incaseheforgets.PleaseremindmethatImustreturnthebookbeforenoon.ashamedadj.feelsorryorembarrassede.g.Sheisashamedtoasksuchasimplequestion.相关短语：beashamedofsb./sthbeashamedthat…beashamedtodo…Whatashame!It'sashame(pity)that.真是遗憾inspiteof尽管，虽然，不顾。后接名词(despite)eg.Shecan'tseeverywellinspiteofherglasses.(despite)尽管戴着眼镜她还是不能看得很清楚。Despite(Inspiteof)thefactthatwetriedourbest,wedidn'twin.regardlessof不管，不顾，不理会Hesayswhathethinksanddoeswhathewantstodo,regardlessofotherpeople'sfeelings.Thelawsayseveryoneisequal,regardlessofage,sex,orreligion.Though/Although/EvenifEventhoughit'shardwork,Ienjoyit.Youngas/thoughIam,IalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttofollow.getinto陷于,染上什么习惯getintothehabitof养成什么习惯。相当于fallintothehabitof或者formthehabitofe.g.Thegirlhasgotintothehabitofplayingwithherhairwhilereading.那个女孩养成了阅读时玩弄头发的习惯。短语联想：getintotrouble惹上麻烦getintodebt负债累累getalong/onwith…getawaywith…getdown…getin…getoff…getover…getthrough…gettogetheratrisk=indangertakerisks/ariskattheriskof冒……的危险/风险自担风险atyourownriskruntheriskof冒险(做某事)riskdoingsurvival-survive-survivorOfthefourpeopleinthecaraccident,onlyonesurvived.Manycustomshavesurvivedfromearliertimes.许多风俗习惯源源流长Theoldladyhassurvivedherhusband.那老妇人的丈夫先她而去世了Hefeltluckytohavesurvivedthewar.经历那场战争后能幸存下来他感到很幸运possible,probable,likely的用法It'spossible(forsb)todoIt'spossiblethat…It'sprobablethat…sthisprobableIt'slikelythat….主语+belikelytodoprejudiceprideandprejudice傲慢与偏见Shehasaprejudiceagainstmodernmusic.她对现代音乐怀有偏见。Theyaccusedhimofhavingaprejudiceagainsthiswomenemployees.他们指责他歧视女雇员。Anewlawhasbeenbroughtintodiscourageracialprejudice.一项反对种族歧视的新法律已被提出。judgement-judgeinone'sjudgement依…判断judge..from/by依…判断judgingby/from…在句中作状语Inmyjudgement,heisguilty.Wecan'tjudgeabookbyitscover.Judgingfromhisskin,hecomesfromAfrica.练习：Completethesentenceswithwordsfromthetext.RiceproductionhasincreasedgreatlyinChinaoverthelastfewyears,largelysuperhybridrice.HavinglivedinHawaiiallhislife,hewasnottothecoldofNorthernEurope.duetoaccustomedHewas