辽宁省葫芦岛市普通高中2020ㅡ2021学年高一英语下学期期末学业质量监测试题【含答案】

辽宁省葫芦岛市普通高中2020-2021学年高一英语下学期期末学业质量监测试题考生注意：1.试卷满分150分，时间120分钟。2.本分设试卷和答题纸，试卷包括Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷两部分。3.答题前，考生务必在答题纸上按要求填写信息，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一件不得分。Ⅰ卷部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，Ⅱ卷部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。第Ⅰ卷（三部分，共95分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandofortheman?A.Buysomefood.B.Makedumplings.C.Showtheway.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.WindowshoppingB.Abookfair.C.Afashionshow.3.Wherearethereporters?A.Inthereceptionroom.B.Inthemeetingroom.C.Intheteabreakroom.4.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Excited.B.Tired.C.Sick.5.ForwhatdidthewomangotoFlorida?A.Furtherstudies.B.Afamilyvacation.C.Afieldtrip.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置.听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对语，回答第6和第7小题。6.Whendoestheboyusuallygohome?A.At4：45pmB.At5：15pm.C.At5：45pm.7.Howoftendoestheboyliftweights?A.Twiceaweek.D.Threetimesaweek.C.Pourtimesaweek.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9小题。8.WhatfooddoesSallylike?A.BeefB.Vegetables.C.Beanproducts.9.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A.Cookdinner.B.Buyseafood.C.Orderdishes.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12小题。10.Whatistheman?A.Ahost.B.Acoach.C.Anewsreporter.11.Whenwillthefitnesscenterbeopen?A.OnJune16th.B.OnJuly10thC.OnAugust21st.12.Whatsportcanpeopledooutdoorsinthesportscenter?A.TennisB.Volleyball.C.Basketball.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16小题。13.Whereisthelittlehouse?AOppositeafruitfarm.B.Threeblocksfromtheocean.C.Ontherainysideoftheisland.14.Whatdoesthemanmindaboutthefirstplace?A.NoTVB.NorefrigeratorC.Noairconditioner.15.Whatdothespeakersneedtotake?A.Ahairdryer.B.Toothbrushes.C.Swimmingsuits.16.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Makeabooking.B.Packforthetrip.C.Dotheshopping.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20小题。17.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Teachers.B.Students.C.Professionalcyclists.18.WhatdoesMr.Smithdoontheweekend?A.Hejoinsinbikeraces.B.HegivesascienceclassC.Hecleanshispinkbike.19.Whatdoesthespeakerexpectthelistenerstodo?A.PreparesomerebikesB.TrytobecomebikeracersC.Usetheirbikesmoreoften.20.WhatwillbeorganizedonFridaysinApril?A.Bikefairs.B.BikepartiesC.Bikecompetitions.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ARoyalBotanicGarden,EdinburghTheover70-acreRoyalBotanicGardenEdinburghisascientificcentreforthestudyofplants,aswellasapopulartouristattraction.ItisthesecondoldestbotanicgardeninBritain.Originallyfoundedin1670asagardentogrowmedicinalplants,itslivingcollectionconsistsofmorethan15,000plants.p.m.p.m.lyfrom10am(exceptDecember25andJanuary31).Closedat4p.m.(Nov—Feb.)6p.m.(Mar.andOct.),7pm(Apr.—Sept.)Entry:Free(Tel:)TheDingleGarden,WalesTheDingleGardenissetintheheartofbeautifulmid-Wales.Thefour-acregardenissouth-facingwithpathsthatwinddowntheslopetoalakeandsmallwaterfall.Thebedsarecolour-themedtolookgoodallyearround.Thispeacefulgarden,fullofwildlife,istheperfectspotforarelaxingwanderatanytimeofyear.a.m.p.m.ily9a.m.—5p.m.OnlyclosedforoneweekatChristmas.Entry:Adults£3seniors£3,childrenfree(Tel:)GroombridgePlace,KeatGroombridgePlaceinKent,setin200acresofwoodedparkland,hasbeentheinspirationforbooks,filmsandtelevisionprogrammes.InsidethegardenwallsatGroombridgePlaceliesahiddenworld.Forthreehundredyearsthesegardenswereunseen,exceptbyafavouredfew.Thegardenswerelaidoutinthe17thcentury.Inthe18thand19thcenturiesnewplantswereintroducedandmanytreeswereplanted.LateMar.—earlyNov.:Opendailyfrom10amto5:30pm(orduskifearlier)Entry:Adults£8.95,seniorsandchildren£7.45(Tel:)HidcoteManorGarden,GloucestershireHidcotegardencovers10.5acresofgentlyslopingground.Itwasdesignedbyaplantcollectorwhosponsoredandparticipatedinplanthuntingexpeditionstosecurerareandunusualspeciesforthisextremelyprettygarden.OpenfromtheendofMarchtoearlyNovember.March24toJuly1andduringSeptember,opendailyfrom10amto6pm,closedonThursdaysandFridays.July2toAugust31,10a.m.to6p.m.,closedonThursdays.October1toNovember4,10a.m.to5p.m.,closedonThursdaysandFridays.Entry:Adults£7.27,children£3,36,family£18.18（Tel:）1.FromthetextwecanlearnthatRoyalBotanicGarden________.A.istheoldestbotanicgarden B.hasafewmedicinalplantsC.opensdailyfrom10amto4pm D.isfreeofchargeforvisitors2.Whichofthegardensisthesmallestinsize?A.RoyalBotanicGarden. B.GroombridgePlaceC.TheDingleGarden. D.HidcoteManorGarden.3.ItseemsthatbothGroombridgePlaceandHidcoteManorGarden________.A.coveralargearea B.areclosedduringwinterC.displayrareandunusualspecies D.arecrowdedwithvisitorsinsummer1.D2.C3.B【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个花园的情况，包括面积、开放时间和费用等信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据RoyalBotanicGarden,Edinburgh部分中“Entry:Free(Tel:)(门票：免费/)”可知，皇家植物园对游客是免费的。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theover70-acreRoyalBotanicGardenEdinburghisascientificcentreforthestudyofplants,aswellasapopulartouristattraction.(占地70多英亩的爱丁堡皇家植物园是一个研究植物的科学中心，也是一个受欢迎的旅游景点)”；TheDingleGarden,Wales部分中“Thefour-acregardenissouth-facingwithpathsthatwinddowntheslopetoalakeandsmallwaterfall.(这座占地四英亩的花园朝南，有蜿蜒而下的小径，通往一个湖泊和小瀑布)”；GroombridgePlace,Keat部分中“GroombridgePlaceinKent,setin200acresofwoodedparkland,hasbeentheinspirationforbooks,filmsandtelevisionprogrammes.(肯特郡的新郎桥广场坐落在200英亩的林地上，一直是书籍、电影和电视节目的灵感来源)”以及HidcoteManorGarden,Gloucestershire部分中“Hidcotegardencovers10.5acresofgentlyslopingground.(Hidcote花园占地10.5英亩，地势平缓)”可知，TheDingleGarden的面积最小。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据GroombridgePlace,Keat部分中“LateMar.—earlyNov.:Opendailyfrom10amto5:30pm(orduskifearlier)(3月下旬到11月上旬：每天上午10时至下午5时30分开放或早一点的黄昏)”以及HidcoteManorGarden,Gloucestershire部分中“October1toNovember4,10a.m.to5p.m.,closedonThursdaysandFridays.(十月一日至十一月四日，上午十时至下午五时，星期四及星期五休息)”可知，GroombridgePlace和HidcoteManorGarden在冬季都是关闭的。故选B。BANewZealandcouncilhasannouncedamonth-longroadclosureinordertoallowasealionandherpuptoreachtheoceansafely.JohnWilsonOceanDriveinDunedinwillbeclosedaftertheNewZealandsealionsmadetheirhomeatanearbygolfcourseandstarted"regularlycrossingtheroadtogettothebeach,"accordingtoapostfromDunedinCityCouncil."Youcanstillvisittheareaonfootorbybicycle,butpleasegivethesealionslotsofce,"continuedthepost.Localsapplaudedthedecision,andoneevencalledfortheclosuretobemadepermanent."Nodogsshouldbeonthebeach,either,"wroteGayleneSmith."Weneedtoprotectourbeautifulsealife."Dogsareknowntoattacksealions,andChisholmLinksGolfCourse,wherethesealionshavemadetheirhome,alsopostedadvicetodogwalkersinaupdate."We'reluckytohavesealionsonourcoastlineandweneedtosharethecewiththemasthisiswhatmakesourcoastlinesounique!"wrotethecourseon.ThecouncilwentontoexplainthatNewZealandsealionsareendangered,andareoneoftheworld'srarestspeciesofsealion.Thereareanestimated12,000NewZealandsealionsleft,accordingtotheDepartmentofConservation.Underlocallaw,anyonewhokillsasealioncouldfaceuptotwoyearsinprisonorafineofuptoNZ$250,000(US$178,000).4.WhatdecisionhastheDunedinCityCouncilmade?A.Closinganoceandriveforamonth. B.Forbiddingentryintoagolfcourse.C.Forbiddingwalkingdogsoutside. D.Closingthenearbybeachtemporarily.5.HowdidtheCityCouncilannouncethedecision?A.ByinformingonTV. B.Bysendingoutnotices.C.Bypostingon. D.Byadvertisinginanewper.6.Whatistheattitudeofthelocalpeopletowardtheclosure?A.Doubtful. B.Supportive. C.Uncaring. D.Critical.7.WhatcanwelearnaboutNewZealandsealionsfromthetext?A.Theyareafraidofhumans. B.Theyareacommonspecies.C.Theyarebeingkilledbydogs. D.Theyareunderlegalprotection.4.A5.C6.B7.D【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了为保护受到威胁的新西兰海狮，市议会宣布封闭道路长达一个月，以允许海狮及其幼崽安全地到达海洋。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“ANewZealandcouncilhasannouncedamonth-longroadclosureinordertoallowasealionandherpuptoreachtheoceansafely.(为了让海狮和它幼崽安全抵达大海，新西兰市议会宣布将关闭一条道路长达一个月)”和第二段的“JohnWilsonOceanDriveinDunedinwillbeclosedaftertheNewZealandsealionsmadetheirhomeatanearbygolfcourse（在新西兰海狮在附近的高尔夫球场安家后，达尼丁的约翰·威尔逊海洋大道将关闭）”可知，新西兰议会宣布将关闭一条海洋大道一个月。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“JohnWilsonOceanDriveinDunedinwillbeclosedaftertheNewZealandsealionsmadetheirhomeatanearbygolfcourseandstarted"regularlycrossingtheroadtogettothebeach,"accordingtoapostfromDunedinCityCouncil.(据达尼丁市议会在上发布的帖子称，由于新西兰海狮在附近的一个高尔夫球场安家，并开始“定期穿过马路去海滩”，达尼丁的约翰威尔逊海洋大道将关闭)”可知，市议会是通过在上发帖宣布这一决定的。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Localsapplaudedthedecision,andoneevencalledfortheclosuretobemadepermanent.(当地人对这一决定表示欢迎，甚至有人呼吁永久关闭)”可推知，当地人很赞成这个决定。故选B。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Underlocallaw,anyonewhokillsasealioncouldfaceuptotwoyearsinprisonorafineofuptoNZ$250,000(US$178,000)(根据当地法律，杀死海狮的任何人均可能面临最高两年的监禁或最高25万新西兰元（178,000美元）的罚款)”可知，海狮处于法律保护中，故选D。CRememberwhenyourmomtoldyounottoeattoomanycandybarsorsweetsbecausetheycancausetoothdecay(蛀牙)?However,itturnsoutthatchocolatecanbemoresalutarytoyourteeththanyoumightexpect.Recentstudiesshowthatchocolatecaneffectivelyfightagainsttoothdecay,asifweneedanotherexcusetoeatchocolate.Chocolateoffersprotectionlikefluoride,amainingredientinmosthouseholdtoothpastes.Notonlydoeschocolateprotectourteeth,butitcandosoveryeffectively.Studiesshowthatchocolatehascompoundsthatprovidestrongprotectionforteeth.Oneofthecompoundsinchocolate,CBH,isshowntoprotectevenmoreeffectivelythanfluoride.Toothdecayhappenswhenbacteriaworktoturnsugarintoacidsinourmouth.Thisiswhyeatingfoodswithhighsugarcontentcanleadtomoretoothdecay.Thecompoundsinchocolate,however,areanti-bacteriaandcanfightagainstbacteriainyourmouth.TheCBHcompoundinparticularalsoworkstostrengthentoothenamel(牙釉质),andprotectsagainsttoothdecay.Doesthismeanyoucancatasmuchchocolateasyouwantwithoutworryingaboutyourteeth?Itdependsonthetypesofchocolatethatyoulike.Theprotectiveeffectofchocolateismosteffectivewhenyouchewoncocoabeans.Ofcourse,thisoptionisnotveryappealingto;mostpeople.Amoretastyoptionistochoosedarkchocolatewithlittlesugarcontent,ideallynomorethan6to8gramsperserving.Forothertypesofchocolatewithhighersugarcontent,theeffectwillbelessened.However,becauseoftheprotectivecompounds,itisstillbetterforyourteeththanothersweetsanddessertscontainingthesameamountofsugar.8.Theword“salutary”inparagraph1means?A.Beneficial. B.Harmful. C.Familiar. D.Useless.9.WhatcanweknowaboutthecompoundCBHinchocolate?A.Itcanhelpchocolatecuretoothdecay.B.Itcaneffectivelystopteethfromdecaying.C.Itmayprotectteethbetterthantoothpastesdo.D.Itmaysoonreplacemosthouseholdtoothpastes.10.Howdoeschocolatefighttoothdecay?A.Bybreakingdownacids. B.Bybuildingupcompounds.C.Byfixinguptoothenamel. D.Byfightingagainstbacteria.11.What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.Chocolateplaystheroleoftoothpaste.B.Chocolateprotectsagainsttoothdecay.C.Chocolateisthebestchoiceforteethprotection.D.Chocolateishealthiertoteeththanothersweets.8.A9.C10.D11.B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巧克力能有效防止蛀牙的原理。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段第一句“Rememberwhenyourmomtoldyounottoeattoomanycandybarsorsweetsbecausetheycancausetoothdecay(蛀牙)?(还记得你妈妈告诉你不要吃太多的糖块或糖果，因为它们会蛀牙吗？)”及第三句“Recentstudiesshowthatchocolatecaneffectivelyfightagainsttoothdecay,asifweneedanotherexcusetoeatchocolate.(最近的研究表明，巧克力可以有效地防止蛀牙，就好像我们需要另一个吃巧克力的借口一样)”可知，巧克力对牙齿的保护作用主要归因于其本身含有的复合物，这就如同很多家庭使用的牙膏中所含有的护齿成分。由此推知，划线词salutary为“有益的”之意。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“TheCBHcompoundinparticularalsoworkstostrengthentoothenamel(牙釉质),andprotectsagainsttoothdecay.(尤其是CBH化合物还可以加强牙釉质，防止蛀牙)”可推断，巧克力含有的一种复合物甚至比牙膏中的氟化物的护齿效果要好。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句“Thecompoundsinchocolate,however,areanti-bacteriaandcanfightagainstbacteriainyourmouth.(然而，巧克力中的化合物是抗菌的，可以对抗口腔中的细菌)”可知，巧克力对抗蛀牙的原理主要是其含有的复合物能够对抗口腔中的细菌。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文，特别是文章第一段“Recentstudiesshowthatchocolatecaneffectivelyfightagainsttoothdecay,asifweneedanotherexcusetoeatchocolate.(最近的研究表明，巧克力可以有效地防止蛀牙，就好像我们需要另一个吃巧克力的借口一样)”及最后一段可知，文章主要介绍了巧克力有效防止蛀牙的原理，文中并未提到巧克力可代替牙膏等观点。故选B。DWetouchourfacesallthetime,andithadneverseemedtobeabigproblem—untilCOVID-19arrived.Touchingourfaces—the"T-zone"ofoureyes,noseandmouthinparticular—canmeangivingourselvesthedeadlyvirus.ThisiswhyorganizationsliketheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)havesuggestedthatweavoidtouchingourfaces."Juststopthissimplebehavior,"WilliamSawyer,founderofHenrytheHand,anonprofitorganizationthatpromoteshandhygiene(卫生),toldTheWashingtonPost."It'stheonebehaviorthatwouldbebetterthananyvaccine(疫苗)evercreated."Yet,stoppingthis"simple"behaviormightbeharderthanyouthinkbecauseit'salreadyhardwired(固定存在于)intooursystem.Somefacetouchingisanautomaticreflex(反射)—likewhenthereisanitch(痒)onyournose,you'llscratch(挠)itwithoutthinking.AccordingtoCNBC,a2014studyfoundthattouchingyourfacealsohelpstoreducestressandregulateemotions.Forexample,you'remorelikelytodoitwhenyoufeelawkwardorembarrassed.AccordingtoDacherKeltner,apsychologistattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley,US,thisactionmayalsocomewithasocialfunction:Whenyouaretalkingtosomeoneandwanttochangethesubject,forexample,touchingyourfaceislike"thecurtainsonastage,closinguponeactofthesocialdrama,ushering(引导)inthenext,"KeltnertoldtheBBC.Moreover,face-touchinginalmostalloftheseoccasionsissubconscious,whichmeansit'sveryhardtochange"becauseyoudon'tevenknowyou'redoingit",saidSawyer.Butyou'renotalone.Ina2015study,whereagroupofmedicalstudentswerefilmedinclass,itwasfoundthattheytouchedtheirfacesanaverageof23timesanhour—with44percentofthetouchesbeinginthe"T-zones".Thatwasparticularlysurprisingsincemedicalstudentsweresupposedtoknowbetter.Sinceit'ssohardtoshakethehabit,maybetheeasiestwayistowashourhandsmoreoften.Thisway,wecanbesurethatourhandsarefreefromthenovelcoronavirus.12.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphstalkabout?A.ThebestwaytofightCOVID-19B.HoworganizationsarefightingCOVID-19.C.TypicalhandhygieneproblemsinthefightagainstCOVID-19.D.ThenecessitytoavoidtouchingourfacestofightCOVID-19.13.Whyisithardforpeopletostoptouchingtheirfaces?A.Itmakespeoplefeelmoreconfident.B.Manyareunawareofthisbehavior'srisks.C.TheyusuallydoitautomaticallyandsubconsciouslyD.Manythinktheactionhelpsthemexpresstheiremotions.14.Whichofthefollowingisasocialfunctionoftouchingfaces,accordingtothetext?A.UsingitasasigntochangethetopicB.Bringingaconversationtoanend.C.Showinganinterestintheongoingsubject.D.Makingothersfeelrelaxedwhiletalking.15.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioninga2015studyonagroupofmedicalstudents?A.Togivetipsonhowtostoptouchingfaces.B.Toprovethatitiscommonforpeopletotouchtheirfaces.C.Toshowitisimpossibletoshakethehabitoftouchingyourface.D.Toshowhowhygieneawarenesshelpspeopleavoidtouchingtheirfaces.12.D13.C14.A15.B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述在新冠病毒疫情期间，触摸我们的脸——尤其是眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴——可能意味着给自己带来致命的病毒，但是触摸脸已经根植于我们的系统中，很难改变，所以建议勤洗手，远离新冠病毒。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Wetouchourfacesallthetime,andithadneverseemedtobeabigproblem—untilCOVID-19arrived.Touchingourfaces—the"T-zone"ofoureyes,noseandmouthinparticular—canmeangivingourselvesthedeadlyvirus.（我们一直在摸自己的脸，但在COVID-19到来之前，这似乎从来都不是什么大问题。触摸我们的脸——尤其是眼睛的“T区”、鼻子和嘴巴的—可能意味着给自己带来致命的病毒。）”和第二段第一句“ThisiswhyorganizationsliketheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention（CDC）havesuggestedthatweavoidtouchingourfaces.（这就是为什么疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)等机构建议我们避免触摸自己的脸。）”由此可知，为了远离新冠病毒，我们应避免触摸我们的脸，故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Yet,stoppingthis"simple"behaviormightbeharderthanyouthinkbecauseit'salreadyhardwired(固定存在于)intooursystem.（而，阻止这种“简单”的行为可能比你想象的要难，因为它已经根植于我们的系统中。）”和第四段第一句“Somefacetouchingisanautomaticreflex(反射)—likewhenthereisanitch(痒)onyournose,you'llscratch(挠)itwithoutthinking.（有些摸脸是一种自动反应，就像你鼻子上痒了，你会不假思索地挠它。）”由此可知，人们避免触摸脸很难是因为这是都是自动反应，是无意识的行为，故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“AccordingtoDacherKeltner,apsychologistattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley,US,thisactionmayalsocomewithasocialfunction:Whenyouaretalkingtosomeoneandwanttochangethesubject,forexample,touchingyourfaceislike"thecurtainsonastage,closinguponeactofthesocialdrama,ushering(引导)inthenext,"KeltnertoldtheBBC.（美国加州大学伯克利分校的心理学家达切尔·凯尔特纳表示，这种行为可能还带有社交功能：凯尔特纳在接受BBC采访时表示，例如，当你和某人交谈，想要转移话题时，触碰自己的脸就像“舞台的帷幕落下，拉开了社交剧的一幕，迎来了下一幕。”）”由此可知触摸脸去作为转移换题的信号是一种社交功能，故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Ina2015study,whereagroupofmedicalstudentswerefilmedinclass,itwasfoundthattheytouchedtheirfacesanaverageof23timesanhour—with44percentofthetouchesbeinginthe"T-zones".Thatwasparticularlysurprisingsincemedicalstudentsweresupposedtoknowbetter.（在2015年的一项研究中，一组医学学生在课堂上被拍摄下来，发现他们平均每小时触摸自己的脸23次，其中44%的触摸发生在“T区”。这尤其令人惊讶，因为医学专业的学生理应懂得更多。）”所以作者提到这项研究就是要证明触摸脸是普遍行为，故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。2021istheYearoftheOxaccordingtoChinesezodiac.InChinayouwillfindvariousoxfiguresmadeofgold,wood,plastic,paper,shellandstoneonsaleinstoresandonstreetstocelebratethereturn.___16___Centuriesago,mostpeopleearnedtheirlivingthroughfarming.Forexample,theoxwasusedtohelpplow,cultivateandcarryheavygoods.Besides,theoxhaslonghadasignificantplaceinChineseculture.___17___IntheClassicofPoetry,theoldestexistingcollectionofChinesepoetry,theanimalwasmentionedinnineoutofthe305pieces.___18___Tothisday,thephrase"thespiritofox"stillreferstocontrollinganythingthatmaypresentitselfasanobstacle.___19___Whensomeoneachievesagreatachievementthroughhardwork,peopleoftenuse"niu",meaning"awesome",todescribehimorher.Oxenseldombullytheweakorfearthestrong.___20___ThisisreflectedinacoupletfromapoembyLuXun(1881-1936),"Fierce-browed,Icoollydefyathousandpointingfingers;Headbowed,likeawillingoxIservethechildren",whichfullyexpressesthepoet'sloyaltytothepeople.Sonaturally,thosewhowerebornintheYearoftheOxareoftenexpectedtobehardworking,reliableandloyal."Theyneverseektobethecenterofattentionanddonotlookforpraise,"thewebsiteChinaHighlightsnoted.A.Theyworkhardandmakesacrifices.B.Butwhywastheoxchosentobeoneofthe12Chinesezodiacsigns?C.TheyneverliketobethecenterofattentionandenjoybeingpraisedD.Thespiritishighlypraisedandmanypeoplefollowitastheirworkrules.E.AncientChinesepoetsandwritersfrequentlydescribedtheoxinliterature.F.ThosewhowerebornintheYearoftheOxliketofarmandcarryheavygoods.G.TheoxisconsideredasymbolofdiligenceandearnestnessinChineseculture.16.B17.E18.G19.D20.A【分析】这是一篇说明文。根据中国的生肖，2021年是牛年。文章主要说明了牛被选为十二生肖之一的原因、牛的精神以及象征意义。【16题详解】根据上文“2021istheYearoftheOxaccordingtoChinesezodiac.InChinayouwillfindvariousoxfiguresmadeofgold,wood,plastic,paper,shellandstoneonsaleinstoresandonstreetstocelebratethereturn.(根据中国的生肖，2021年是牛年。在中国，你会发现各种各样的牛塑像，由金、木、塑料、纸、贝壳和石头制成，在商店和街道上出售，以庆祝牛年)”结合后文解释了牛被选为十二生肖的原因，故B选项“但是为什么牛被选为十二生肖之一呢？”符合语境，故选B。【17题详解】根据后文“IntheClassicofPoetry,theoldestexistingcollectionofChinesepoetry,theanimalwasmentionedinnineoutofthe305pieces.(在现存最古老的中国诗集《诗经》中，305首诗中有9首提到了这种动物)”，可知，后文《诗经》中出现牛这种动物的例子表明古代诗人和作家经常在文学作品中描写牛，故E选项“中国古代诗人和作家经常在文学作品中描写牛”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】根据后文“Tothisday,thephrase"thespiritofox"stillreferstocontrollinganythingthatmaypresentitselfasanobstacle.(直到今天，“牛气”这个词仍然指的是控制任何可能出现的障碍)”可知，后文主要提到了与牛相关的精神的含义，即牛在中国文化中的象征意义。故G选项“牛在中国文化中被认为是勤奋和认真的象征”符合语境，故选G。【19题详解】根据后文“Whensomeoneachievesagreatachievementthroughhardwork,peopleoftenuse"niu",meaning"awesome",todescribehimorher.(当一个人通过努力工作取得了巨大的成就时，人们经常用“牛”来形容他或她，意思是“棒极了”)”可知，后文提到了人们用“牛”来称赞他人的例子，可见“牛”这种精神受到高度赞扬，许多人把它作为他们的工作规则。故D选项“这种精神受到高度赞扬，许多人把它作为他们的工作规则”符合语境，故选D。【20题详解】根据上文“Oxenseldombullytheweakorfearthestrong.(牛很少欺负弱者或惧怕强者)”以及后文“ThisisreflectedinacoupletfromapoembyLuXun(1881-1936),"Fierce-browed,Icoollydefyathousandpointingfingers;Headbowed,likeawillingoxIservethechildren",whichfullyexpressesthepoet'sloyaltytothepeople.(鲁迅（1881-1936）的一首对联中就体现了这一点：“怒目而视，千夫所指;俯首甘为孺子牛”，充分表达了诗人对人民的忠诚)”可知，本段主要描述了牛这一动物的特性，A选项中they指代上文Oxen。故A选项“他们努力工作，做出牺牲”符合语境，故选A。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Ahomelessmanrescuedalltheanimalsatashelterafteritcaughtonfire.Hamlin,the____21____oftheW-Underdogsshelter,toldCNNKeithWalker,53,ahomelessman,____22____hislifetosaveseveralcatsanddogs____23____atanAtlantaanimalshelterafteritcaughtfire,thefacility'sfoundersaid."Iwasnervousashell.Iwasreally____24____togointherewithallthatsmoke.ButGodputmeeretosavethoseanimalsandI____25____intotheshelterafterafireengulfeditskitchen."WalkertoldCNN."Ifyouloveadog,youcanloveanyoneintheworld.Mydogismybestfriend,andIwouldn'tbehere____26____him,soIknewIhadtosaveallthoseotherdogs."___27___theshelterwasnotcompletelydestroyed,thefireleftituninhabitable,accordingtoW-UnderdogsfounderGracieHamlin."Heismyguardianangel,"HamlintoldCNN."Eventhefirefightersdidn'twantto____28____thedogs.Theycalledanimalcontrol,butKeithwasalreadyinthebuildingpullingoutthecatsanddogsuntiltheywereall____29____.”Hamlin____30____knewWalker,whohasbeenhomelesssincehewas13yearsold,becausesheletshim____31____hisdog,apitbullnamedBravo,atthesheltereverynight.Walkerwasonhiswayto____32____Bravoandtakehimforawalkwhenhesawthefire.Hewasabletorescuealltheanimals-sixdogsandtencats."Ican'tthankhim____33____forsavingmyanimals,"Hamlinsaid."I'mstillin____34____,becauseI'vebeenaroundafireandIknowhowfastitspreads.Homelessmanasheis,Walkerismy____35____.”21.A.leader B.founder C.donator D.sponsor22.A.risked B.gave C.lost D.put23.A.tied B.abandoned C.trapped D.restricted24.A.thrilled B.upset C.annoyed D.scared25.A.walked B.rushed C.slid D.squeezed26.A.without B.beyond C.except D.with27.A.Before B.Since C.Until D.While28.A.spot B.search C.handle D.touch29.A.comfortable B.secure C.desperate D.independent30.A.previously B.eventually C.deliberately D.fortunately31.A.feed B.protect C.keep D.train32.A.putup B.holdup C.takeup D.pickup33.A.enough B.again C.anyhow D.once34.A.peace B.disbelief C.relief D.silence35.A.friend B.employee C.assistant D.hero21.B22.A23.C24.D25.B26.A27.D28.C29.B30.A31.C32.D33.A34.B35.D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个无家可归的人救了一个动物收容所的所有动物的故事。【详解】1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：W-Underdogs收容所的创始人哈姆林告诉CNN。A.leader领导；B.founder建立者；C.donator捐献者；D.sponsor发起人。根据下文“accordingtoW-UnderdogsfounderGracieHamlin”可知，哈姆林是这个狗狗收容所的创立人。故选B。2.考查动词词义辨析。句意：基思·沃克，53岁，是一个无家可归的人，在亚特兰大动物收容所着火后，他冒着生命危险拯救了几只被困住的猫狗，收容所的创始人说。A.risked冒险；B.gave给；C.lost失去；D.put放置。根据下文“afteritcaughtfire”，可知此处指沃克冒着危险去救里面的动物。故选A。3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.tied累的；B.abandoned抛弃的；C.trapped受困的；D.restricted被限制的。结合下文“atanAtlantaanimalshelterafteritcaughtfire”，可知此处指收容所着火后，动物被困在里面。故选C。4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么多烟，我真的很害怕进去。A.thrilled非常兴奋的；极为激动的；B.upset难过的；C.annoyed生气的；D.scared害怕的。根据后文“withallthatsmoke”可知，此处指我害怕进入到里面。故选D。5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是让我来救那些动物，我在厨房着火后冲进了收容所。A.walked走；B.rushed冲入；C.slid滑倒；D.squeezed挤压。根据上文“tosavethoseanimals”及后文“afterafireengulfeditskitchen”，可知此处指我冲进到收容所去救那些动物。故选B。6.考查介词词义辨析。句意：我的狗是我最好的朋友，没有它我不会在这里，所以我知道我必须拯救其他所有的狗。A.without没有；B.beyond超越；C.except除......之外；D.with有。根据上文“Mydogismy