考研考博-英语-上海出版印刷高等专科学校押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海出版印刷高等专科学校押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

如果遇到的竞争对手是受到各自政府过度保护的企业，强大的美国企业通常都能迅速地把它们压制住。事实已经证明，利伯维尔场体制比任何中央计划体制都能更有效地分配资金和资源，美国人也已经利用了这一点。因为美国在基础层次上有这样的优势，它处于国际财经界的最高层也就不足为奇了。美国具有这样的优势进而使它能够制定游戏规则，当然是对它自己有利的规则。

【答案】Whenitcomestocompetingwithcompaniesover-protectedbytheirrespectivegovernments,powerfulAmericancompaniesareusuallyquicktoneutralizethem.TheLibrevillecanallocatefundsandresourcesmoreefficientlythananycentrallyplannedeconomy,whichhasbeenprovedandtheAmericanshaveutilized.Withsuchanadvantageatafundamentallevel,itisnotsurprisingthattheUnitedStatesisatthetopoftheinternationalfinancialpeckingorderandsettherulesofthegame,whichofcoursearebeneficialforit.

2.单选题

Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen（

）totheextentthattheynolongerecologists

问题1选项

A.erest

B.perfected...hinder

C.diverted...arouse

D.vetoed...irritate

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析题。exhaust“排出，耗尽，使精疲力尽，详尽论述”；interest“使感兴趣，使关心，使注意，使参与，使有利害关系”；B选项的perfect“使……完美（完善）”；hinder“阻碍，妨碍，成为阻碍”；C选项的divert“使转向，使绕道，转移（某人）的注意力，使分心”；arouse“激起，引起（感情、态度），唤醒某人，激发，行动起来“；D选项的veto“否决，禁止，反对”；irritate“刺激，使兴奋，激怒”。根据句意‘迄今为止，还没有任何植物类型或生态系统，人们对它们的研宄能达到如此详尽无遗的地步，以致它不再能够引起生态学家的兴趣’确定A选项正确。

3.翻译题

人的发展和物的发展是社会发展的两大基本形态，这两大形态的发展是既相互依存又相对独立的。以人为本的价值理念在对待人与物的关系上，要求以人为中心，以物为工具和手段，坚持用人的发展来规范和控制物的发展，使物的发展适合和满足人的需要。

【答案】Humandevelopmentandthedevelopmentofthingsarethetwobasicformsofsocialdevelopment,thedevelopmentoftwoformsisbothinterdependentandindependent.Regardingtherelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandthings,thepeople-orientedvalueconceptrequiresthatpeopleshouldbethecenter,andthingsshouldbethetoolsandmeans.Thedevelopmentofpeopleshouldbeadheredtoregulateandcontrolthedevelopmentofthings,soastomakethedevelopmentofthingsfitandmeettheneedsofpeople.

4.单选题

Ishallexplaintherules______wehavereceivedmanyobjections.

问题1选项

A.towhich

B.towhere

C.towho

D.towhom

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法。空格处需要选择一个定语从句的引导词，而先行词是物，所以只能用which或者that，但是先行词在从句中充当的宾语，objectionto表示“反对”，因此前面引导词要用towhich。句意：我将解释一下之前收到许多反对意见的条例。因此A项正确。

5.单选题

Itisalsoimportanttohavesomethingthatcancleanwaterandkill（）,sowaterfromothersourcescanbemadesafetodrink.

问题1选项

A.plasmodia

B.bacteria

C.criteria

D.malaria

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。plasmodia“疟原虫；bacteria“细菌”；criteria“标准，条件”；malaria“痢疾，瘴气”。句意：有可以清洁水并可以杀死细菌的东西很重要，这样的话来自其他来源的水也可以安全饮用。只有清洁的水，并且水里面的细菌被杀死了，才是可以安全饮用的水。故B项正确。

6.单选题

Thestreetperformerwassobadwehadto（）him,butdidwehavetothrowtherottentomatoesathishead?

问题1选项

A.jeer

B.dissolve

C.adjourn

D.guarantee

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项jeer“嘲笑；戏弄”；B选项dissolve“使溶解；使分解；使液化”；C选项adjourn“推迟；使……中止”；D选项guarantee“保证；担保”。句意：街头艺人的表演是如此糟糕，所以我们不得不嘲笑他，但是我们不得不向他的头扔腐烂的西红柿吗？结合句意，A选项正确。

7.写作题

Directions:Writeacompositioninthetitle“OnAgingSociety”basedonthefollowinggivenoutline.Yourcompositionshouldbeabout150Englishwords.PleasewriteyourcompositionontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】ThereisaclassicquestioninChinawhichmayseembizarreintheeyesofforeigners:shouldwehelptheoldpeoplewhofelldownonthestreet?Thetopiciscontroversialbecauseithappenedthatpeoplewhohelpedtheoldpeoplegotthemselvesintrouble.Ibelieveweshouldalwaysofferassistancetoseniorpeoplewhofelldown,becauseifwedon’t,citizenshipwillneverprevail.

Thisdilemmashowsthelackoftrustamongusandithasbeentranslatedintotheindifferencetoothers,consideringthatwehaveenteredintoa“societyofstrangers”.Andthesituationhasbeenworsenedbytheunpleasantcasesthathavehappened.Butifwewanttoseechanges,weneedtodotherightthing,andifweallchoosetodoso,therewillbenoroomfordeceptionandblackmail.Inthatcase,justicewillgaintheupperhand.

Itismoreimportantforthegovernmentandpublicmediatoformanagreeableenvironmentthatencouragespeopletodotherightthing.Ontheonehand,Thegovernmentshoulduseitshardpowertoestablishlawstoprotectpeoplewhoofferhelpandpunishthosetakingadvantageofpeople’skindness.Ontheotherhand,publicmediashouldmakefulluseofitssoftpowertoraisepeople’sawarenessofcitizenship.Ithastotellpeoplewhatisrightandwhatiswrong,andshouldnothypethebadexamplesinwhichkindheartedpeoplegetextorted.

8.单选题

MyniecehasbeentoSumatraandIranaswellasallofEurope;bythetimesheistwenty,she（）almosteverywhere.

问题1选项

A.willbe

B.wouldhavebeen

C.willhavebeen

D.wouldbe

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我侄女曾经去过苏门答腊岛、伊朗及全欧洲，等到她二十岁吋，她将几乎去过所有地方。

语法题。考查将来完成时。分析句意可知空格处应使用将来完成时:shall/willhave+过去分词,故选C。

9.单选题

Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.Thefirstisthebroadareaofcommunication,whichincludesimpartinginformationbyuseoflanguage,communicatingwithagrouporanindividual,andspecializedcommunicationthroughperformance.Apersonconveysthoughtsandideasthroughchoiceofwords,byatoneofvoicethatispleasantorunpleasant,gentleorharsh,bytherhythmthatisinherentwithinthelanguageitself,andbyspeechrhythmsthatareflowingandregularorunevenandhesitant,andfinally,bythepitchandmelodyoftheutterance.Whenspeakingbeforeagroup,aperson’stonemayindicateunsurenessorfright,confidenceorcalm.Atinterpersonallevels,thetonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethewordschosen,ormaybeliethem.Heretheconversant’stonecanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyreflectintuitivesympathyorantipathy,lackofconcernorinterest,fatigue,anxiety,enthusiasmorexcitement,allofwhichareusuallydiscerniblebytheacutelistener.Publicperformanceisamannerofcommunicationthatishighlyspecializedwithitsowntechniquesforobtainingeffectsbyvoiceand/orgesture.Themotivationderivedfromthetext,andinthecaseofsinging,themusic,incombinationwiththeperformer’sskills,personality,andabilitytocreateempathywilldeterminethesuccessofartistic,political,orpedagogiccommunication.

Second,thevoicegivespsychologicalcluestoaperson’sself-image,perceptionofothers,andemotionalhealth.Self-imagecanbeindicatedbyatoneofvoicethatisconfident,pretentious,shy,aggressive,outgoing,orexuberant,tonameonlyafewpersonalitytraits.Alsothesoundmaygiveacluetothefacadeormaskofthatperson,forexample,ashypersonhidingbehindanoverconfidentfront.Howaspeakerperceivesthelistener’sreceptiveness,interest,orsympathyinanygivenconversationcandrasticallyalterthetoneofpresentation,byencouragingordiscouragingthespeaker.Emotionalhealthisevidencedinthevoicebyfreeandmelodicsoundsofthehappy,byconstrictedandharshsoundoftheangry,andbydullandlethargicqualitiesofthedepressed.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbystatingthat,atinterpersonallevels,tonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethewordschosen(lines8-9)?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionartistic,political,orpedagogiccommunicationinline15?

4.Accordingtothepassage,anexuberanttoneofvoicemaybeanindicationofaperson’s

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesaconstrictedandharshvoiceindicate?

问题1选项

A.Thefunctionofthevoiceinperformance

B.Theconnectionbetweenvoiceandpersonality

C.Communicationstyles

D.Theproductionofspeech

问题2选项

A.Feelingsareexpressedwithdifferentwordsthanideasare.

B.Thetoneofvoicecancarryinformationbeyondthemeaningofwords.

C.Ahightoneofvoicereflectsanemotionalcommunication.

D.Feelingsaremoredifficulttoexpressthanideas.

问题3选项

A.Asexamplesofpublicperformance.

B.Asexamplesofbasicstylesofcommunication

C.Tocontrastthemtosinging

D.Tointroducetheideaofself-image

问题4选项

A.generalphysicalhealth

B.personality

C.abilitytocommunicate

D.vocalquality

问题5选项

A.lethargy

B.depression

C.boredom

D.anger

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句话便是全文的中心句Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.（与说话嗓音有关的一些因素显露出说话者的个性）。选项B“嗓音与个性的联系”符合题意。

2.文章第一段Heretheconversant’stonecanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyreflectintuitivesympathyorantipathy,lackofconcernorinterest,fatigue,anxiety,enthusiasmorexcitement,allofwhichareusuallydiscerniblebytheacutelistener提到交谈者的语气有意或者无意地表达出直观的同情或反感，冷漠或感兴趣，疲劳、紧张、热情或激动等等。选项B“语气可能带着超越言语意思的信息”符合题意。

3.文章第一段Publicperformanceisamannerofcommunicationthatishighlyspecializedwithitsowntechniquesforobtainingeffectsbyvoiceand/orgesture提到公开表演是一种高度专业的交流方式，需要通过声音的技巧或手势来取得所需要的效果，题目中artistic,political等都属于这一类公开表演。选项A符合题意。

4.文章第二段Self-imagecanbeindicatedbyatoneofvoicethatisconfident,pretentious,shy,aggressive,outgoing,orexuberant,tonameonlyafewpersonalitytraits提到自我形象可以通过语气来表明，比如自信、傲慢、害羞、挑衅、友好等等，这些都是个性的特点。选项B符合题意。

5.文章第二段byconstrictedandharshsoundoftheangry可知选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggested（

）atthenexttown.

问题1选项

A.tostop

B.stopping

C.stop

D.havingstopped

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配题。suggestdoingsth.为固定用法，表示“建议做某事”，B选项正确。

11.单选题

Bringingupchildrenisahardwork,andyouareoftentoblameforanybadbehaviorofyourchildren.Ifso,JudithRichHarrishasgoodnewsforyou.Parents,sheargues,havenoimportantlong-termeffectsonthedevelopmentofthepersonalityoftheirchildren.Farmoreimportantaretheirplaygroundfriendsandneighborhood.Ms.Harristakestohittingtheassumption,whichhasdominateddevelopmentalpsychologyforalmosthalfacentury.

Ms.Harris’sattackonthedevelopmentalists’“nature”argumentlookslikelytoreinforcedoubtsthattheprofessionwasalreadyhaving.Ifparentsmatter,whyisitthattwoadoptedchildren,rearedinthesamehome,arenomoresimilarinpersonalitythantwoadoptedchildrenrearedinseparatehomes?Orthatapairofidenticaltwins,rearedinthesamehome,arenomorealikethanapairofidenticaltwinsrearedindifferenthomes?

Difficultasitistotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringing,itmaybehardertomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeer(同龄人)groupinchildhoodandadolescence.Ms.Harrispointstohowchildrenfromimmigranthomessoonlearnnottospeakatschoolinthewaytheirparentsspeak.Butacquiringalanguageissurelyaskill,ratherthanacharacteristicofthesortdevelopmentalpsychologistshuntfor.Certainlyitisdifferentfromgrowinguptenselyorrelaxed,orfromlearningtobehonestorhard-workingorgenerous.Easythoughitmaybetoprovethatparentshavelittleimpactonthosequalities,itwillbehardtoprovethatpeershavevastlymore.

Moreover,mumanddadsurelycannotbeditchedcompletely.Youngadultsmay,asMs.Harrisargues,bekeentoappearliketheirpeers.Buteveninthoseearlyyears,parentshavethepowertoopendoors:theymayinitiallychoosethepeerswithwhomtheiryoungassociate,andpickthatinfluentialneighborhood.Moreover,mostpeoplesuspectthattheycometoresembletheirparentsmoreinmiddleage,andthatpeople’schildbearinghabitsmaybeformedpartlybywhattheirparentsdid.Sothebalanceofinfluencesisprobablycomplicated,asmostparentsalreadysuspectedwithoutbeingabletodemonstrateitscientifically.Evenifitturnsoutthatthegenestheypassonandthefriendstheirchildrenplaywithmatterasmuchasaffection,disciplineandgoodexample,parentsarenotcompletelyoffthehook.

1.AccordingtoMs.Harris,______.

2.Whichofthefollowingviewsisconsistentwithwhatthedevelopmentalistshold?

3.AccordingtoPara.3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Theword“ditched”couldbebestreplacedby______.

5.Whatistheauthor’smainpurpose?

问题1选项

A.parentsaretoblameforanybadbehavioroftheirchildren

B.parentswillaffectgreatlythechildren’slifeinthelongrun

C.natureratherthannurturehasasignificanteffectonchildren’spersonalitydevelopment

D.children’spersonalityisshapedbytheirfriendsandneighbors

问题2选项

A.Childrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirpeersthanbytheirparents.

B.Twinsarequitedifferentiftheyarerearedintwoseparatefamilies.

C.Identicaltwinsrearedinthesamehomearedifferentinpersonality.

D.Nurturehasalesssignificanteffectonchildren’spersonalitydevelopment.

问题3选项

A.Itishardertotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringingthantheexactinfluenceofthepeergroupinchildren.

B.Immigrantchildrentendtodiscardthewaytheirparentsspeakquicklywhentheygotoschool.

C.Ithasbeenprovedthatpeershavemoreimpactonchildren’squalitiessuchastobehonestorhard-workingorgenerous.

D.Itiseasierforchildrentoacquirealanguageatschoolthanathome.

问题4选项

A.proved

B.emphasized

C.compared

D.ignored

问题5选项

A.TohighlypraiseMs.Harris’swork.

B.TocounterMs.Harris’swork.

C.ToobjectivelyreportonMs.Harris’swork.

D.TocriticallycommentonMs.Harris’swork.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句Parents,sheargues,havenoimportantlong-termeffectsonthedevelopmentofthepersonalityoftheirchildren.Farmoreimportantaretheirplaygroundfriendsandneighborhood.（她认为，父母对孩子个性的发展没有重要的长期影响。更重要的是他们在操场上的朋友和邻居。），说明哈里斯女士认为孩子的个性塑造受到朋友和邻居的影响。因此D选项“孩子的个性是由他们的朋友和邻居塑造的”正确。A选项“父母应该为他们孩子的任何不良行为负责”，B选项“从长远来看，父母将极大地影响孩子的人生”，C选项“天生的而不是后天的因素对孩子的个性发展有很大的影响”均与原文意思相反，所以A,B,C错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Ms.Harris’sattackonthedevelopmentalists’“nature”argumentlookslikelytoreinforcedoubtsthattheprofessionwasalreadyhaving.（哈里斯女士对发展主义者的“自然”论点的攻击似乎加深了人们对这一职业已经存在的怀疑。），说明哈里斯女士和发展主义者的观点截然不同，哈里斯女士认为孩子的个性塑造受到朋友和邻居的影响，而发展主义者强调父母对孩子的影响，认为教育对孩子的影响更大，所以A选项“孩子受同龄人的影响比受父母的影响更大”，D选项“天生的因素对孩子个性发展的影响不大”不属于发展主义者的观点，A,D错误。由于哈里斯女士所举的双胞胎例子与发展主义者的观点相反，那么后者的观点应该是：双胞胎在同一个家庭长大则个性相同，在不同的家庭长大个性会有很大的差异，所以C选项“在同一家庭中长大的同卵双胞胎在性格上是不同的”错误。因此B选项“如果双胞胎在两个不同的家庭中长大，他们就会有很大不同”正确。

3.客观细节题。A选项“追踪父母教养的确切影响比追踪同龄人群体对孩子的确切影响更难”，由原文Difficultasitistotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringing,itmaybehardertomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeergroupinchildhoodandadolescence.（虽然很难追踪父母教养的确切影响，但要衡量同龄人群体在童年和青春期的确切影响可能更困难。）可知后者更难，所以A错误。C选项“事实证明，同龄人对儿童的品质，如诚实、勤奋、慷慨等方面的影响更大”，由原文Easythoughitmaybetoprovethatparentshavelittleimpactonthosequalities,itwillbehardtoprovethatpeershavevastlymore.（尽管要证明父母对这些品质的影响很小很容易，但要证明同龄人对这些品质的影响要大得多却很难。）可知，很难证明同龄人对这些品质的影响更大，所以C错误。D选项“儿童在学校比在家里更容易掌握一种语言”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。B选项“移民的孩子在上学时往往会很快抛弃他们父母的说话方式”，由原文Ms.Harrispointstohowchildrenfromimmigranthomessoonlearnnottospeakatschoolinthewaytheirparentsspeak.（哈里斯指出，来自移民家庭的孩子在学校很快就学会了不像父母那样说话。）可知，移民的孩子在学校很快就会抛弃父母的说话方式，所以B正确。

4.语义推测题。由题干关键词“ditched”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Moreover,mumanddadsurelycannotbeditchedcompletely.（此外，父母当然不能被完全抛弃。），说明不能完全忽视父母的影响，可以推断出“ditched”在文中是指“忽视”的意思。因此D选项“忽视”正确。A选项“证明”，B选项“强调”，C选项“比较”均不符合题意，所以A,B,C错误。

5.观点态度题。结合全文来看，作者基本上同意哈里斯女士的观点，即家长对孩子的影响并不是人们所认为的那么重要，影响孩子成长的还有外界的因素。但作者在第三段中提到，哈里斯女士在说明问题时所举的例子不恰当，因为它强调了技能而不是个性，接着在第四段中说到，虽然孩子们极力要向他们的同龄人看齐，但家长们对他们的早期影响是不可忽视的，说明作者对哈里斯女士观点的态度是批判性的。因此D选项“对哈里斯女士的工作进行批判性评论”正确。A选项“高度赞扬哈里斯女士的工作”，B选项“反驳哈里斯女士的工作”，作者没有完全绝对地赞同或反对哈里斯女士的观点，所以A、B错误。C选项“客观地报告哈里斯女士的工作”，作者除了客观介绍了哈里斯女士的观点之外，也提出了自己的主观看法，所以C错误。

12.单选题

Anumberofdevelopmentscombinedtodestroythemonetarysystem,leadingtoacrisisinwhichthecollapseofonecountry'seconomyandcurrency-inamodernversionofthecommercialdominotheory-leadstofiscal（）thatspreadsuncomfortablyaroundtheworld,wreakinghavoconglobalcapitalism.

问题1选项

A.contamination

B.contagion

C.inflammation

D.inflation

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。contamination“污染”；contagion“传染”；inflammation“发炎”；inflation“膨胀”。句意：根据现代版本的多米诺骨牌效应，一个国家的经济和财政的变化将会影响全球，并对全球资本主义造成严重破坏。选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

Ourbossistakingeveryonetotheballettonight,andIneedtomakesuremynewdress（）fortheoccasion.

问题1选项

A.hasbeencleaned

B.shouldhavebeencleaned

C.isbeingcleaned

D.hasbeencleaning

【答案】A

【解析】句意：老板今晚要带大家去看芭蕾舞剧，我得确保我的新衣服洗干净了。根据句意可知这里应用现在完成时，首先排除选项C；选项B表示本应该洗却没有洗，不符合语境；衣服是被洗，用被动语态，所以选项A正确。

14.单选题

Eventhoughstrongevidencehasprovedthenicotinetobe（

）,thetobaccocompanystillinsiststhatitsproductsareharmless.

问题1选项

A.soluble

B.deficient

C.addictive

D.skeptical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。soluble“可溶解的；可解决的”；deficient“不足的；有缺陷的”；addictive“使人上瘾的”；skeptical“怀疑的”。句意：尽管有力的证据已经证明尼古丁能让人上瘾，但是烟草公司仍然坚持它是无害的。选项C符合题意。

15.单选题

Scholarsandstudentshavealwaysbeengreattravelers.Theofficialcasefor“academicmobility”isnowoftenstatedinimpressivetermsasafundamentalnecessityforeconomicandsocialprogressintheworld,anddebatedinthecorridorsofEurope,butitiscertainlynothingnew.Seriousstudentswerealwaysreadytogoabroadinsearchofthemoststimulatingteachersandthemostfamousacademies;insearchofthepurestphilosophy,themosteffectivemedicine,thelikeliestroadtogold.

Mobilityofthiskindmeantalsomobilityofideas,theirtransferenceacrossfrontiers,andtheirsimultaneousimpactuponmanygroupsofpeople.Thepointoflearningistoshareit,whethereitherwithstudentsorwithcolleagues;onepresumesthatonlyeccentricshavenointerestinbeingcreditedwithastartlingdiscovery,oranewtechnique.Itmustalsohavebeenreassuringtoknowthatotherpeopleinotherpartsoftheworldwereabouttomakethesamediscoveryorwerethinkingalongthesamelines,andthatonewasnotquitealone,confrontedbyinquisition,ridiculeorneglect.

Inthe20thcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,theoldfootpathsofthewanderingscholarshavebecomevasthighways.Thevehiclewhichhasmadethispossiblehasofcoursebeentheairplane,makingcontactbetweenschoolseveninthemostdistantplacesimmediatelyfeasible,andprovidingfortheveryrapidtransmissionofknowledge.

Apartfromthevehicleitself,itisfairlyeasytoidentifythemainfactorswhichhavebroughtabouttherecentexplosioninacademicmovement.Someofthesearepurelyquantitativeandrequirenofurthermention:therearefarmorecentersoflearningandafargreaternumberofscholarsandstudents.Inadditiononemustrecognizetheveryconsiderablemultiplicationofdisciplines,particularlyinthesciences,whichbywideningthetotalareaofadvancedstudieshasproducedanenormousnumberofspecialistswhoseparticularinterestsarepreciselydefined.Thesepeoplewouldworkmsomeisolationiftheywerenotabletokeepintouchwithsimilarisolatedgroupsinothercountries.

1.Accordingtothepassage,scholarsandstudentsaregreattravelersbecause（）.

2.Thewritersaysthattravelwasimportantinthepastbecauseit（）.

3.What,inthewriter’sopinion,happenstoascholarwhoshareshisideaswithhiscolleagues?

4.Accordingtothepassage,therecentgrowthinairtravelhasmeantthat（）.

5.Thewriterthinksthatacademicworkhasrecentlybecomemorespecializedbecause（）.

问题1选项

A.Salariesandconditionsarebetterabroad

B.standardsarehigheratforeignuniversities

C.theyareeagerfornewknowledge

D.theirgovernmentencouragethemtotravel

问题2选项

A.ledtoeconomicprogress

B.wasawayofspreadingideas

C.madenewideaslessshocking

D.brokedownpoliticalbarriers

问题3选项

A.Hegainsrecognitionforhisachievements

B.Heattractslargenumbersofstudents

C.Heriskshisideasbeingstolen

D.Heisconsideredslightlymad

问题4选项

A.morestudentsfromremoteareascanattenduniversity

B.universitiescanbebuiltinremoterplaces】

C.scholarscanmeeteachothermoreeasily

D.textbookshavewidecirculation

问题5选项

A.morepeoplearestudyingsciences

B.agreatervarietyofsubjectsisstudied

C.morestudentsaredoingpostgraduatework

D.thenumberofuniversitieshasincreased

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句,认真的学生总是准备出国寻找最具启发性的老师和最著名的学院;寻找最纯粹的哲学,最有效的医学,最有可能的黄金之路。总而言之,他们渴望新知识,所以选项C正确。

2.根据第二段的第一句“Mobilityofthiskindmeantalsomobilityofideas,theirtransferenceacrossfrontiers,...”这种流动也意味着思想的流动...由此可知作者认为过去的游学很重要的原因是：游学是传播思想的一种方式。选项B符合原文。

3.根据第二段第二句,学习的目的是与学生或同事分享;有人认为,只有怪人才对一项惊人的发现或一项新技术的功劳不感兴趣。也就是说,通过分享,分享者的成就获得了人们的认可。选项A符合原文。

4.根据第三段最后一句可知,交通工具的发展使得学者之间联系更为方便,所以选项C符合原文。

5.根据最后一段倒数第二句,人们必须认识到学科的大量增加,特别是在科学领域,由于扩大了高级研究的总领域,产生了大量的专家,他们的特殊兴趣得到了精确的界定。由此可知,学术研究越来越专业是由于学科的大量增加,选项B符合原文。

16.单选题

Duringtheirfistteachertrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe

（

）oflessons.

问题1选项

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。observation“观察，监视”；investigation“调查”；inspection“视察，检查”；examination“考试”。句意：这些学生在第一年教师培训期的时候，经常去一些当地学校观摩。选项A符合题意。

17.单选题

Themoonisnotaplanet（）theplanetsinmanyrespects.

问题1选项

A.resembling

B.whichresembles

C.butresemblanceto

D.althoughitresembles

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据题干关键词not和inmanyrespect可知此句句意为：尽管月球在许多方面与行星相似，但它不是行星。因此D项符合句意和语法。

18.单选题

Thegovernmentwill（）theeconomynextyearanddevelopthetraderelationswithothercountriesquickly.

问题1选项

A.abuse

B.amount

C.accumulate

D.accelerate

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意：明年，政府将（）经济增长，并且快速同其他国家发展贸易关系。abuse滥用，虐待；amount总计，合计；accumulate积累，积聚；accelerate促进；（使）加快。因此，D项符合句意。

19.单选题

IfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant.WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericangovernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.

Therearethreereasonsforthepublic-sectorunions’thriving.First,theycanshutthingsdownwithoutsufferingmuchinthewayofconsequences.Second,theyaremostlybrightandwell-educated.AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree.Third,theynowdominateleft-of-centrepolitics.Someoftheirtiesgobackalongway.Britain’sLaborParty,asitsnameimplies,haslongbeenassociatedwithtradeunionism.Itscurrentleader,EdMiliband,oweshispositiontovotesfrompublic-sectorunions.

Atthestateleveltheirinfluencecanbeevenmorefearsome.MarkBaldassareofthePublicPolicyInstituteofCaliforniapointsoutthatmuchofthestate'sbudgetispatrolledbyunions.Theteachers'unionskeepaneyeonschools,theCCPOAonprisonsandavarietyoflaborgroupsonhealthcare.

Inmanyrichcountriesaveragewagesinthestatesectorarehigherthanintheprivateone.Buttherealgainscomeinbenefitsandworkpractices.Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keepingthepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.

Reformhasbeenvigorouslyopposed,perhapsmostegregiouslyineducation,wherecharterschools,academiesandmeritpayallfaceddrawn-outbattles.Eventhoughthereisplentyofevidencethatthequalityoftheteachersisthemostimportantvariable,teachers’unionshavefoughtagainstgettingridofbadonesandpromotinggoodones.

Asthecosttoeveryoneelsehasbecomeclearer,politicianshavebeguntoclampdown.InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicangovernor.Butmanywithinthe