考研考博-英语-东华理工大学长江学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东华理工大学长江学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Astheoldmanlaydyinghekept（

）theexperiencesofhisboyhoodinAfrica.

问题1选项

A.complainingof

B.enteringinto

C.ramblingabout

D.turningup

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。complainingof抱怨，埋怨；enteringinto进入；ramblingabout漫步，闲逛，闲聊；turningup调大音量，出现。句意：在老人的弥留之际，他不断闲聊起他童年时在非洲的经历。C项符合句意，答案C

2.单选题

Theactivitiesoftheinternationalmarketingresearcherarefrequentlymuchbroaderthan（）.

问题1选项

A.thedomesticmarketerhas

B.thoseofthedomesticmarketer

C.thedomesticmarketerdoes

D.thatwhichhasthedomesticmarketer

【答案】B

【解析】这是一个比较从句,those在从句中替代activities。所以选项B正确。

3.单选题

Themedicine（）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

问题1选项

A.activated

B.alleviated

C.deteriorated

D.mediated

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这种药（）他的疼痛，但不能治愈他的疾病。A选项activated触发；B选项alleviated减轻，缓解；C选项deteriorated使恶化；D选项mediated调解。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,（）trafficdelays.

问题1选项

A.acknowledging

B.affording

C.allowingfor

D.accountingfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。acknowledge表示“承认，答谢”；afford表示“提供，供应得起”；allowfor“考虑到；顾及”；accountfor“对……负有责任”。句意：考虑到交通拥堵，我们到火车站可能需要20分钟。

5.单选题

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallengedbutdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentonthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyonthebasisofteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetimeneededtokeepupwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“lost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearchbuttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofessanditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.

Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreat.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

1.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause（

）.

3.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

4.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhofirstandforemostdo（

）.

5.Thephrase"theproblem”(Line3,Para.5)refersto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.

B.Teachingandresearcharecontradictory.

C.Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.

D.Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.

问题2选项

A.researchimprovesthequalityofteaching

B.studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors

C.professorswithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough

D.itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively

问题3选项

A.Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.

B.Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.

C.Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.

D.Therapiddevelopmentofmodernsciencemakesitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.

问题4选项

A.scientificresearch

B.teaching

C.fieldwork

D.investigation

问题5选项

A.raisingthestatusofteaching

B.theseparationofteachingfromresearch

C.thecombinationofteachingwithresearch

D.improvingthestatusofresearch

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读第一段“Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.最近在报纸和杂志上的报道表明，教学和研究是相互矛盾的，研究在学术推广中扮演的角色过于突出，而对教学的重视严重不足。这些说法有一定的真实性，但它们也忽略了更深层次更重要的关系。”可知作者认为教学与研究的更深层次的关系被忽略了。故A项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第三段“Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.大多数研究型大学奖励杰出的教学，但通常对研究成果给予最大认可。部分原因是很难对教学进行评判。”可知大学重视研究的部分原因是很难客观评判教学。故D项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第四段“Althoughscientistsareusually‘made’intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe‘lost’bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.尽管科学家通常是在小学‘培养’出来的，但科学家也可能因为大学和研究生阶段糟糕的教学而‘流失’。”可知B项“为了培养新的科学家，改善小学的教学是最重要的”错误。A项“研究型大学的杰出教授应该只专注于研究”only表达过于绝对，故A项错误。D项“现代科学的迅速发展使教学与研究不能结合起来。”错误。故C项“教学与科研分离会降低未来科学家的素质”符合文章内容。

4.细节事实题。由第四段“Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofessanditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled‘distinguishedresearchinvestigators’orsomethingelse.教授的头衔应该只授予那些从事教授工作的人，也许大学是时候把它保留给那些愿意成为学者群体中重要一部分的人了。不愿意教书的教授可以被称为‘杰出的研究人员’或别的什么。”可知教授的头衔应该留给愿意教学的人。故B项正确。

5.词义题。由最后一句“Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.那些说我们可以把教学和科研分开的人根本不了解这个制度，但那些说这个问题会消失的人没有尽到自己的责任。”可知“这个问题”指教学和科研分开，故B项正确。

6.单选题

FilmCriticMarkAdamslooksbackoverthelasttenyearsofhisworkasafilmcriticforanewspapercalledTheFrontPageWritingarticlesaboutfilmsforTheFrontPagewasmyfirstproperjoB.BeforethenIhaddonebitsofreviewing—novelsforothernewspapers,filmsforamagazineandanythingIwasaskedtodofortheradio.ThatwashowImetTomSeaton,thefirstartseditorofTheFrontPagewhohadalsowrittenfortelevision.Hehiredme,butTomwasnotprimarilyajournalist,orhewouldcertainlyhavebeenmorecarefulinchoosinghisstaff.

Atfirst,hisideawasthatateamofcriticsshouldtakecareoftheartformsthatdidn'trequirespecializedknowledge:books,TV,theatre,filmandradio.TherewouldbeaweeklylunchatwhichwewouldmakeourchoicesfromtheartisticmaterialthatTomhaddecidedweshouldcover,thoughtherewouldalsobegueststomaketheatmospheresociable.

Itallfeltlikeabitofadreamatthattime:anewnewspaper,andIwasoneoftheteam.Itseemedsounlikelythatapapercouldbeintroducedintoacrowdedmarket.Itseemedjustaslikelythatamillionairewantedtohelpmepersonally,andwaspretendingtoemployme.Suchwasmylackofself-confidence.Infact,thefirsttimeIsawsomeonereadingthenewspaperontheLondonunderground,thenturningtoapageonwhichoneofmyreviewsappeared,Ididn'tknowwheretolook.

Tom'soriginalschemeforateamofcriticsfortheartsnevertookoff.Itwasagoodidea,butwedidn'tgettogetherasplannedandsoeverythingwasdonebyphone.Itturnedout,too,thatthegeneralpublicouttherepreferredtoassociateareviewerwithasinglesubjectarea,andsoIchosefilm.WithoutTom'sinitialpush,though,wewouldhardlyhavecomeupwiththepresentarrangement,bywhichIwriteanextendedweeklypiece,usuallyononefilm.

TheLuxuryofthiswayofworkingsuitsmewell.Iwouldn'thavebeeninterestedinthemorestandardfilmcritic'srole,whichinvolvesconsideringeveryfilmthatcomesout.That'saroutinethatwouldmakemestaleinnotimeatall.IwouldsoonbesinkingintomyseatonaMondaymorningwiththesigh,“WhatinsultingrubbishmustIsitthroughnow?”—astyleofsighthatcanoftenbeheardinscreeningroomsaroundtheworld.

1.WhatdowelearnaboutTomSeatonfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Aweeklylunchwasarrangedforcriticsto___.

3.WhenMarkstartedworkingforTheFrontPage,he___.

4.Intheend,theorganizationoftheteamwasinfluencedby___.

5.Marktakesthenewwayofworkingas“luxury”(paragraph5)because___.

问题1选项

A.HeencouragedMarktobecomeawriter

B.Hehadworkedinvariousareasofthemedia

C.HemetMarkwhenworkingfortelevision

D.Hepreferstoemploypeoplethathemeetssomewhere

问题2选项

A.gettoknoweachother

B.exchangeinformation

C.takeworksfornewcriticism

D.entertainoccasionalvisitors

问题3选项

A.doubtedthepaperwouldsucceed

B.wasembarrassedatbeingrecognized

C.feltitneededimprovement

D.wassurprisedtoearnsomuch

问题4选项

A.thereaders'preference

B.theavailabilityofwriters

C.thepressureoftime

D.thepopularityofsubjects

问题5选项

A.itenableshimtoplayhisrole

B.itenableshimtomakeachoice

C.itenableshimtoseetheworld

D.itenableshimtoseealotoffilms

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键字thefirstparagraph可以定位到文章首段“ThatwashowImetTomSeaton,thefirstartseditorofTheFrontPagewhohadalsowrittenfortelevision.”中文翻译为：我就是这样认识了汤姆•西顿(TomSeaton)的，他是《纽约时报》头版的第一位艺术编辑，同时也为电视撰稿。可以判断只有C项“他在为电视台工作时遇到了马克”正确。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键字Aweeklylunch可以定位到原文第二段“TherewouldbeaweeklylunchatwhichwewouldmakeourchoicesfromtheartisticmaterialthatTomhaddecidedweshouldcover…”中文大意为：每周会有一次午餐，我们会从汤姆决定我们应该报道的艺术材料中做出选择。因此可知C选项“接受新的评论工作”正确，符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干可定位到原文第三段“Itseemedsounlikelythatapapercouldbeintroducedintoacrowdedmarket.”中文翻译为：一份报纸似乎不太可能被引入一个拥挤的市场。判断A选项“怀疑这份报纸能否成功”正确。

4.推理判断题。由题干可定位到原文第四段“Itturnedout,too,thatthegeneralpublicouttherepreferredtoassociateareviewerwithasinglesubjectarea,andsoIchosefilm.”中文翻译为：结果也证明，公众更喜欢把一个评论家和一个单一的主题领域联系起来，所以我选择了电影。可知选项A“读者的偏好”正确。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文倒数第二段“WithoutTom'sinitialpush,though,wewouldhardlyhavecomeupwiththepresentarrangement,bywhichIwriteanextendedweeklypiece,usuallyononefilm.”中文翻译为：如果没有汤姆最初的推动，我们很

难达成现在的安排，我每周写一篇文章，通常是关于一部电影。以及最后一段“Iwouldn'thavebeeninterestedinthemorestandardfilmcritic'srole,whichinvolvesconsideringeveryfilmthatcomesout.”中文翻译为：我不会对更标准的影评人这个角色感兴趣，这个角色需要考虑每一部上映的电影。判断出B选项“这使他能够做出选择”符合题意。

7.单选题

Wemovedtothenewhouseinthesuburbssothatthekidswouldhaveagarden______.

问题1选项

A.inwhichtoplay

B.toplaywith

C.toplay

D.wheretoplay

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们搬到了郊区的新房子，这样孩子们就有一个可以玩耍的花园。横线部分是修饰garden的定语从句，根据词组playinagarden确定有介词in，根据花园用来玩的目的确定有to，A选项inwhichtoplay符合题意。D选项wheretoplay引导地点状语从句，garden本身表示地点，故错误。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Galaxyclustersarethemostmassivestructuresintheuniverseandexertsuchapowerful（）pullthattheywarpthespacetimearoundthemandactascosmiclensesthatcanmagnify,distortandbendthelightbehindthem.

问题1选项

A.gravitational

B.exceptional

C.motivational

D.sensational

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项gravitational表示“重力的，引力的”；B选项exceptional表示“超常的，异常的，例外的”；C选项motivational表示“动机的，激发性的”；D选项sensational表示“轰动的，耸人听闻的，使人感动的”。由句意可知，星系团是宇宙中最巨大的结构，它能产生巨大的引力，扭曲周围的时空，就像宇宙透镜一样放大、扭曲和弯曲后面的光线。因此，A选项gravitational的含义最符合原文句意，故本题正确答案为A选项。

9.单选题

Sittingonthetable,twosmallkittenswere（）roundtheinsideoftheemptyhamtin.

问题1选项

A.swallowing

B.licking

C.chewing

D.munching

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项swallow“忍受；吞没”；B选项lick“舔；战胜”；C选项chew“嚼碎，咀嚼”；D选项munch“用力咀嚼；大声咀嚼”。句意：坐在桌子上的两只小猫，正舔着空火腿罐内部的四周。根据句意可知，B选项正确。

10.单选题

ThepopulationofPennsylvaniaincreasedfrom50,000in1730tomorethan200,000in1763,（）tothethousandsofScotchIrish.

问题1选项

A.ineffect

B.inconsequence

C.inlargepart

D.atlarge

【答案】C

【解析】inlargepart表示“主要地”，相当于mainly：ineffect意为“实际”“事实上”；inconsequence意为“因而”“结果”；atlarge意为“大体上”。本句意为：“宾夕法尼亚的人口从1730年的5万增加到1763年的20万，主要是由于苏格兰和爱尔兰人混血的后裔造成的。”

11.单选题

Marriedcouplescangetadivorceiftheyfindtheyarenot（

）

.

问题1选项

A.compatible

B.comparable

C.comfortable

D.communicable

【答案】A

【解析】compatible能共处的,兼容的；comparable可比较的,比得上的；communicable可传达的,会传染的。句意:已婚夫妇如果发现彼此不能和谐共处,可以选择离婚。选项A符合语境。

12.单选题

（）tospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.

问题1选项

A.NosoonerhadhebegunC.Hardlyhadhebegun

B.C.HardlyhadhebegunB.

C.HardlyhadhebegunB.Notuntilbegan

D.Scarcelydidhebegin

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配题。Hardly...when.…表示“一...就..”。句意：他刚一开始说话,

观众就打断了他。

13.单选题

OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressure.Refineryworkersandpetroleum-equipment-manufacturingemployeesarebeing______.

问题1选项

A.laidout

B.laidoff

C.laiddown

D.laidaside

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项layout“安排，陈列”，B项layoff“下岗，解雇”，C项laydown“放下，制定”，D项layaside“搁置”。根据关键词workers“工人”和employees“雇员”可推测，空格部分表示“解雇，下岗”。句意：美国的石油公司已经开始感受到压力。炼油工人和石油设备制造工人正在被解雇。因此，该题选择B项正确。

14.单选题

IfthereisonequalitythatmostAmericanshares,itisadesirethatsetstheireyesstrainingforalookbeyondthehorizon,theirmindswonderingwhatmightbebeyondtheirrangeofvision,andtheirfeetonpathsintotheunknown.Thehorizonskeepexpanding;overacenturytheadventurersandhome-seekersbravedthewildnesstolookforindependenceandprosperity.

Inthe1800’stheterm“theWest”wasoftenusedtodescribeanyfrontierregionorterritorythatlaybetweenthewell-establishedsettlementsandtheuntamedwildness.AsAmericanmovedsteadilywestward,thefrontiermovedwestwardalso.

Thepushingbackofthefrontier,however,wasfarfromeasy.Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.ThewestwardmovementwasatypicalexpressionoftheAmericancharacter,notoostronglydesiringforasettledlifebutseekingtheirdreamsbymovingfromplacetoplace.Itisstilltrueevennow.

TheworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.Itwasdifficulttoenforcelawandorderinsuchalargeareawithsolittleestablishedauthority,andsomepeoplemovedtothewestnotinordertodevelopthecountrybuttorobthosewhoweredoinghardwork.Themovementtothewesthaditsheroesaswellasitsvillains.

OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.ThiscouldserveasacluetotheunderstandingofAmerican“honesty”.TheAmericansweresaidtovaluehonestspeech,honestpeople,honestgovernment,andhonestPresidents.

SomepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.Thenthereistheexplorationofouterspace.PresidentJohnKennedyinaspeechtothenation,spokeofthe“NewFrontier”.Thefrontierspiritcertainlyplayedapartinputtingthefirstmenonthemoon,themostrecentofallfrontiersmentobecrossed.

1.Thetextismainlyabout（）.

2.Accordingtothetext,whatisatypicalexpressionofthefrontierspirit?

3.Fromthetextyoucanlearnwhatendangeredtheearlypioneerwas（）.

4.Itseemsthatsuccessfulfrontiersman（）.

5.Fromthetextyoucanseetheauthorthinks（）.

问题1选项

A.Americanhistoryinthe19thcentury

B.thedifferencebetweentheUSAandmostoftheolderEuropeancountries

C.theAmericanfrontierspirit

D.Americanhonesty

问题2选项

A.GoWest.

B.Bravethewildness.

C.Overcomedangersandhardships.

D.Travelfromplacetoplace.

问题3选项

A.coldweatheredandlackofwater

B.Indianraids

C.floodsandwildness

D.naturaldisastersandhumanattacks

问题4选项

A.mustbeverytoughmenspeakingroughlanguage

B.werehonestmenhungryforindependenceandprosperity

C.mustbeadventurersbraveandgoodatmanagement

D.werebothcountrybuildersandshamefulvillains

问题5选项

A.thefrontierspiritisnotnecessaryintheUSAtoday

B.courageandenterprisearethefrontierspiritintheUSAtoday

C.Americantodayenjoytravelinginsteadofgoingwest

D.theexplorationofouterspaceistheexpressionofthenewfrontierspirit

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。从19世纪的西进运动再到当今美国人的西进精神，本文主要讲了美国的拓荒精神，即美国人的勇气和进取心，以及能吃苦的精神。

2.推理判断题。由第三段Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面对和克服许多危险和困难。以及第五段“HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.西部艰苦的劳动和激烈的竞争使边疆人生活艰难，他们的语言也是如此。”以及最后一段“SomepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.有些人觉得美国的拓荒精神已经不存在了。但它以多种方式表现出来。美国人不喜欢没有工作，他们会跋涉数百英里寻找工作，显示出勇气和进取心，这在大多数较老的欧洲国家是不常见的。”可知拓荒精神体现为能克服危险和困难，有勇气和进取心。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第三段“Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面对和克服许多危险和困难。”“Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.冬天可怕的暴风雪可能会毁掉他的牲畜，许多拓荒者自己也被冻死了。在夏天，一个拓荒者可能会无助地站在一边，看着他的牛死去或庄稼因缺水而枯萎。在其他时候，洪水可能会冲走他所有的工作，但他早年最大的危险来自印第安人的袭击。”以及第四段第一句“TheworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.在十九世纪中叶，对于一个爱好和平的拓荒者来说，最大的危险可能不是来自自然条件或印第安人，而是来自拓荒者。”可知早期拓荒者面临自然灾害的威胁以及印第安人的袭击。故D项正确。

4.细节事实题。由倒数第二段“OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.在去西方的路上，一个人的成功或失败在很大程度上取决于他的实力和管理能力。可知C项“拓荒者的成败取决于他的力量与管理能力”正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.美国人不喜欢没有工作，他们会跋涉数百英里寻找工作，显示出勇气和进取心，这在大多数较老的欧洲国家是不常见的。”可知当今美国人的拓荒精神体现为勇气和进取心。故B项正确。

15.单选题

Thefarmerwarnedthosechildrennotto_____onthecorn.

问题1选项

A.collapse

B.stripe

C.stride

D.tramp

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。collapse“倒塌，崩溃”；stripe“加条纹”；stride“跨步”；tramp“踩，走过”。句意：农民告诫那些孩子们不要在庄稼地里踩踏。选项D符合题意。

16.单选题

AlfredNobel,thefamousSwedishchemistwhofoundedtheNobelPrize,wasbornintoafamilywhereresearchandexperimentationwerealmostsecondnature.HisfatherImmanuel,outofworkandpenniless,testedhistheoriesofexplosivesinalaboratorysetupintheirhouse.Unfortunately,theelderNobelremainedfrustratedinhiseffortstoapplyhisnaturalinventivespirittoestablishingaprosperousendeavor.

AlfredNobelworkedalongsidehisfather,andby1850whenhewas17,Alfredhadacquiredmostofhisfather’sknowledgeofandenthusiasmforchemistry.Althoughnumerousotherscientistshadbeenintriguedbynitroglycerine,Alfredwastheonewhofinallymanagedtoturnthisdangeroussubstanceintoasafeandusefulexplosive.Hesucceededindevelopingdynamitecommercially,whichlaidthefoundationformanyoftheworld’sleadingchemicalenterprises.AsidefromintroducingtheinnovativeNobelIgniterin1864anddynamitein1866，Alfredclaimed355patentsincludingnitrocelluloseandsubstitutesforleatherandrubber.Hedevelopedclevermethodsfortheproductionofsyntheticsilkandwasinvolvedinelectrochemical,telecommunications,andsafetyalarmsystemsaswell.

AlfredNobelwasadedicatedscientistwhobecameveryrichapplyinghisknowledgeofchemistry.Hissenseofguiltoverhavingcreatedapotentiallydeadlymaterialledhimtoleavesomeofhismillionstorewardindividualswhomadesubstantialcontributionstocertainareasofscience.Itwasnaturalthathewouldincludechemistryasoneofthosebranches,especiallysincetheendofthenineteenthcenturybroughtrapidadvancementsinthefield.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatistrueaboutAlfredNobel’sfatherImmanuel?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thepowerofnitroglycerine（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutAlfredNobelcanbedrawnfromthepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,AlfredNobelmadeimportantprogressindevelopingallofthefollowingitemsEXCEPT

（

）.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAlfredNobellaterviewedhisinventionofdynamite（

）.

问题1选项

A.Hewasneverabletocapitalizeonhisworkinchemistry.

B.Hewasnotinstrumentalindevelopinghisson’senthusiasmforchemistry.

C.Heturnedhisknowledgeofchemistryintoaprofitablebusiness.

D.HesharedintheworkofhissonAlfred.

问题2选项

A.wasfirstrecognizedbyImmanuelNobel

B.wasneverutilizedwellbychemicalenterprises

C.wasmostfullydevelopedbyAlfredNobel

D.layinitsintrigueformanyscientists

问题3选项

A.Histalentslayalmostexclusivelyintheareaofexplosives.

B.Hewasreluctanttobequeathalargepartofhiswealthtowardspromotingscientificresearch.

C.Hechosetoworkindependentlyofotherscientists.

D.Hewasamajorcontributortotherapidprogressinchemistryinthelatenineteenthcentury.

问题4选项

A.nitrocellulose

B.rubberandleather

C.syntheticsilk

D.safetyalarmdevices

问题5选项

A.withmuchconcernforitsnegativeeffectsonmankind

B.asaminorachievementinhislongcareer

C.withsatisfactionregardingitsimpactonchemicalenterprises

D.asanaturaloutgrowthofhisfather'straining

【答案】第1题:A

第2题: