考研考博-英语-华北电力大学科技学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华北电力大学科技学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases（1）thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant（2）oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea（3）billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses（4）andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof（5）thatcanbegiventoacase（6）atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee,LordIrvinesaidhe（7）withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatself-regulationdidnot（8）sufficientcontrol.（9）ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda（10）ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe（11）ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges（12）toparliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which（13）theEuropeanconventiononHumanRightslegally（14）inBritain,laiddownthateverybodywas（15）toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.“Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands（16）ourBritishjudges,”hesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean（17）afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere（18）tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised.（19）witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto（20）guiltyverdicts.

问题1选项

A.asto

B.forinstance

C.inparticular

D.suchas

问题2选项

A.tightening

B.intensifying

C.focusing

D.fastening

问题3选项

A.sketch

B.rough

C.preliminary

D.draft

问题4选项

A.illogical

B.illegal

C.improbable

D.improper

问题5选项

A.publicity

B.penalty

C.popularity

D.peculiarity

问题6选项

A.since

B.if

C.before

D.as

问题7选项

A.sided

B.shared

C.complied

D.agreed

问题8选项

A.present

B.offer

C.manifest

D.indicate

问题9选项

A.Release

B.Publication

C.Printing

D.Exposure

问题10选项

A.storm

B.rage

C.flare

D.flash

问题11选项

A.translation

B.interpretation

C.exhibition

D.demonstration

问题12选项

A.betterthan

B.otherthan

C.ratherthan

D.soonerthan

问题13选项

A.changes

B.makes

C.sets

D.turns

问题14选项

A.binding

B.convincing

C.restraining

D.sustaining

问题15选项

A.authorized

B.credited

C.entitled

D.qualified

问题16选项

A.with

B.to

C.from

D.by

问题17选项

A.impact

B.incident

C.inference

D.issue

问题18选项

A.stated

B.remarked

C.said

D.told

问题19选项

A.what

B.when

C.which

D.that

问题20选项

A.assure

B.confide

C.ensure

D.guarantee

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:C

第7题:D

第8题:B

第9题:B

第10题:A

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:B

第14题:A

第15题:C

第16题:A

第17题:D

第18题:C

第19题:D

第20题:C

【解析】（1）语法知识。asto“至于，关于”；forinstance“例如”；inparticular“尤其”；suchas“例如”。句意：政府禁止收买证人，诸如罗斯玛丽•韦斯特的审判这一类重大案件。根据句意和结构，选项D符合题意。

（2）固定搭配。tightening“绷紧”；intensifying“加剧”；focusing“聚焦”；fastening“扣紧”。句意：对法律控制的加紧。tighteningcontrols“加紧控制”。选项A符合题意。

（3）近义词辨析。sketch“草图，素描”；rough“粗糙的，粗鲁的”；preliminary“初步的，预备的”；draft“草案，草稿”。句意：大法官将会提出一个法律草案。选项D符合题意。

（4）形容词词义辨析。illogical“不合逻辑的”；illegal“不合法的”；improbable“未必会的，不太可能的”；improper“不适当的”。句意：使向证人付款成为非法行为。选项B符合题意。

（5）名词词义辨析。publicity“宣扬，公开”；penalty“罚款”；popularity“普及”；peculiarity“特性”。句意：严格控制案件的公开程度。选项A符合题意。

（6）介词词义辨析。根据文章意思，在审判开始前，严格控制案件的宣传度。选项C符合题意。

（7）固定搭配。side“同意，支持”；share“分享”；comply“遵守”；agree“同意”。agree和with搭配。句意：LordIrvine说他同意委员会的报告。选项D符合题意。

（8）动词词义辨析。present“呈递，提出”；offer有“主动提出，提供”；manifest“表明，征服”；indicate“指示，暗示”。句意：自我调节没能提供足够的管控。选项B符合题意。

（9）名词词义辨析。release“释放”；publication“发表，公开”；printing“打印”；exposure“曝光”。句意：两周后信发表了。选项B符合题意。

（10）名词词义辨析。storm“政治、市场方面的动荡”；rage“愤怒”；flare“火光闪耀”；flash“突然闪现”。句意：LordIrvine掀起了一场媒体反抗风暴。选项A符合题意。

（11）名词词义辨析。translation“翻译”；interpretation“解释，阐明”；exhibition“展览”，demonstration“表明，论证”。句意：包含于欧洲立法中的隐私权将由审判长解释。选项B符合题意。

（12）词组辨析。betterthan“比……更好”；otherthan“不同于；除了”；ratherthan“而不是”；soonerthan“比……更快”。句意：包含于欧洲立法中的隐私权将由议会解释而不是议会。选项C符合题意。

（13）动词词义辨析。changes“改变”；makes“使”；sets“放置”；turns“转变”。句意：使欧洲人权公约在英国是具有合法约束力的。make后接双重宾语的用法。选项B符合题意。

（14）形容词词义辨析。Binding“有约束力的”；convincing“令人信服的”；restraining“抑制的”；sustaining“维持的”。句意：使欧洲人权公约在英国具有合法约束力。选项A符合题意。

（15）动词词义辨析。authorize“认可，批准”；credit“归因于”；entitle“使……有权利”；qualify“使具有资格”。beentitledto“有……权利”。句意：每个人都有隐私权。选项C符合题意。

（16）固定搭配。beinsafehandswith“因……而安然无恙”。句意：新闻自由交由法官负责将会很安全。选项A符合题意。

（17）名词词义辨析。impact“影响；冲突”；incident“小事件；插曲”；inference“推论，推理”；issue“问题；辩论”。句意：是否为证人付款变成了一个问题。选项D符合题意。

（18）固定搭配。Besaidtodosth.“据说……”。句意：据说有多打达19名证人通过讲述自己的故事获得了报酬。选项C符合题意。

（19）语法知识。that做连词引导同位语从句。句意：关注点在于，证人将被鼓励在法庭上夸大自己的故事为了确保有罪判决。选项D符合题意。

（20）动词词义辨析。assure“保证，担保”；confide“吐露”；ensure“确保”；guarantee“保证”，ensureguiltyverdicts“确保有罪判决”。句意：证人将被鼓励在法庭上夸大自己的故事为了确保有罪判决。选项C符合题意。

2.翻译题

1.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthose(

)（毕生致力于诗歌的人）:theyarepassionate,impulsive,andunique.

2.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,

(

)

（否则她上周就该回信了）.

3.Nancyissupposedto

(

)

（做完化学实验）atleasttwoweeksago.

4.Neveronce

(

)（老两口互相争吵）sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.

5.

(

)（一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于）thequalityofeducationofitspeople.

【答案】1.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthosewhohavespenttheirwholelivesonpoems

（毕生致力于诗歌的人）:theyarepassionate,impulsive,andunique.

2.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,orsheshouldhaverepliedtomelastweek

（否则她上周就该回信了）.

3.Nancyissupposedtohavefinishedherchemistryexperiments（做完化学实验）atleasttwoweeksago.

4.Neveroncehastheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother

（老两口互相争吵）sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.

5.Theprosperityofanationislargelydependentupon

（一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于）thequalityofeducationofitspeople.

3.单选题

Shesuddenlysawacougarperchedonthefencereadytoswooponherson.

问题1选项

A.pounceon

B.aimat

C.glideupon

D.attackagainst

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.pounceon猛扑；突然袭击B.aimat针对；瞄准

C.glideupon滑翔在……上D.attackagainst袭击

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词cougar（美洲狮）可推知，这只狮子是猛扑向她儿子，所以swoopon表示“猛扑”的意思，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项词义不符合句中所选词汇。

【句意】她突然看见一只美洲狮停在篱笆上，准备扑向她儿子。

4.单选题

Hetriedtocopewiththeever-increasingburdenofhiswork,butfinallyhe（）andhadtotakeacompleterest.

问题1选项

A.brokeaway

B.brokeoff

C.brokeup

D.brokedown

【答案】D

【解析】动词词组辨析。breakaway“脱离,放弃,逃跑”;breakoff“突然停止;暂停”;breakup“打碎;结束”;breakdown“发生故障;毁掉”。句意:他试图处理日益增加的工作负担，但最后他，不得不彻底休息。根据“takeacompleterest”可推测，填空处应该指他的身体垮掉了，只有选项D有此含义，所以正确。

5.单选题

HiscriticisminjuredJenny’s（）.Sosheisfeelingsadnow.

问题1选项

A.divinity

B.indignity

C.ego

D.mind

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。divinity“神圣，神性”；indignity“侮辱，轻蔑”；ego“自尊心，自我意识”；mind“精神，理智，决心”。句意：他的批评伤害了Jenny的自尊心。所以她现在非常伤心。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Inthe1930’s，whenmillionsofcomicbookswere（）theyoungwithfightingandkilling,nobodyseemedtonoticethattheviolenceofcarsinthestreetswasmorehysterical.

问题1选项

A.inundating

B.imitating

C.immolating

D.insulating

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。inundate“淹没；泛滥”；imitate“模仿；仿制”；immolate“献祭；牺牲”；insulate“隔离；使绝缘”。句意：在1930年代,当数以百万计的漫画书用打斗和杀戮……年轻一代，似乎没有人注意到在街上汽车的暴力更疯狂一些。漫画书无处不在的暴力让年轻人深陷其中，选择“淹没”更符合句意。因此A选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Conversely,it（）thatapparentlysimilardomainsmakeradicallydifferentuseofthoseconstituentwordsandhencedemonstrateextremelydifferentcollocationalpatterns.

问题1选项

A.transpired

B.istranspired

C.maytranspire

D.maybetranspired

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。transpire在本题中作不及物动词，意思为“发生”，不及物动词无被动语态。选项B和D可排除。又根据整个句子的时态为一般现在时态，所以谓语动词不需要用过去式，选项A可排除。根据情态动词后接动词原形，可知选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

（

）theireconomicsystemisreformed,thedestinyofthatcountrywillbehardtopredict.

问题1选项

A.Onlyafter

B.Unless

C.Nowthat

D.Aslongas

【答案】B

【解析】句意:除非实行经济体制改革,不然那个国家的命运将很难预测。

连词辨析。Onlyafter仅仅等…才…;Unless除非,如果不;nowthat既然,由于;aslongas只要。故B符合句意。

9.单选题

I’d（）hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.

问题1选项

A.takeintoaccount

B.accountfor

C.makeupfor

D.makeout

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我会考虑到这个地区其他农民和商人对他的评价，然后决定是否批准贷款。

考查短语辨析。takeintoaccount考虑;重视;体谅;accountfor对…负有贵任：对…做出解释;说明…的原因；makeupfor补偿；弥补；makeout辨认出;说明;填写;设法应付。动词短语的宾语是hisreputation(对他的评价)，因此A项符合句意。

10.单选题

Theeconomicrecessionhasmeantthatjob（）isararething.

问题1选项

A.security

B.safety

C.protectionfor

D.secureness

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这场经济衰退己经意味着工作保障是罕见的事情。

考查名词辨析。security安全，保障；safety安全，保险;protection保护，防卫;secureness安全，（船）停泊，固定。因此A符合句意。

11.单选题

Don’ttrustthespeakeranymore,sincetheremarkshemadeinhislecturesarenever（

）withthefacts.

问题1选项

A.symmetrical

B.comparative

C.compatible

D.harmonious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。symmetrical“匀称的，对称的”；comparative“比较的，相当的”；compatible“兼容的，能共处的”；harmonious“和谐的，和睦的”。

句意：不要再相信那个演说者了，因为他演讲中的话语与事实不符。选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

Herarduouseffortshadsappedherenergy.

问题1选项

A.monotonous

B.strenuous

C.autonomous

D.spontaneous

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.monotonous单调乏味的；毫无变化的B.strenuous紧张的；费力的；艰苦的

C.autonomous自治的；自主的D.spontaneous自发的；非筹划安排的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意：她的艰苦努力耗尽了她的精力。划线词arduous意为“努力的；费力的”。B选项strenuous“紧张的；费力的；艰苦的”与之意思相近。选B。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】她的艰苦努力耗尽了她的精力。

13.单选题

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrail,thenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantageasmenandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunityinpre-industrialtimes,whilenowitbecomescustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.

Alsoasemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.ThetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheUtopiangoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutinrecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatweshouldnowreexamineourthinkingaboutthefutureofworkand

（

）.

3.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat

（

）.

4.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentbecameoverwhelminginthat

（

）.

5.Thepassageconcludesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation

B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures

C.availableemploymentmustbemostwidelydistributedamongtheunemployed

D.thepresenthighunemploymentfiguresareafactoflife

问题2选项

A.bepreparedtoadmitthatbeingemployedisnottheonlykindofwork

B.createmorefactoriesinordertoincreaseourproductivity

C.setupsmallerprivateenterprisessothatweinturncanemployothers

D.bepreparedtofillintimeathomebytakinguphobbiesandleisureactivities

问题3选项

A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity

B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’sgrasp

C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged

D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereserved

问题4选项

A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely

B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork

C.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety

D.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered

问题5选项

A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility

B.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time

C.peopleshouldstarttosupportthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill

D.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat...highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.（民意测验现在开始显示出一种不情愿的共识……即高失业率很可能会持续下去。这意味着我们必须设法更广泛地分享现有的就业机会）从民意调查结果可知现在失业率很高，现有的就业只能满足一小部分人口，因此选A。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的四个问句（我们是否应该继续把就业视为标准？难道我们不应该鼓励许多其他方式来尊重别人的工作吗？我们是否应该创造条件，让很多人可以为自己工作，而不是为雇主工作？难道我们的目标不应该是重振家庭和社区，以及工厂和办公室，作为生产和工作的中心吗？）可知我们应该改变以前的工作观念，被雇佣并不是工作的唯一方式，B、C、D是改变观念的具体例子，并不能概括其中心观点，因此选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork（它可以为将来的工作提供更好的前景）可知与A选项“普遍就业实际上保证了繁荣”说法不符，工业时代只是提供一个好的工作机会，并不能保证繁荣；由Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom（如历史所示，普遍就业并不意味着经济自由）可知B选项“经济自由在每个人的掌握之中”说法不正确；由someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed（一些工作模式上的变化可能会被保留）可知与D选项“人们对工作的态度必须保留”不符，通过排除法，因此选C。

4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的astransportimproved...eventually,manypeople'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived（随着交通的改善……最终，许多人的工作失去了与他们的家庭生活和他们居住的地方的所有联系）可知人们可以到离家很远的地方工作，因此选B。

5.推理判断题。文章最后一段的内容为：这一切现在可能必须改变。现在是时候把为所有人创造就业的乌托邦式目标的努力和资源，转变为帮助很多没有全职工作的人进行管理的紧迫的实际任务上来。乌托邦表示某些好的，但是无法实现的（或几乎无法实现的）建议、愿望、计划等，由此可知A选项“为所有人创造就业机会是不可能的”符合题意。

14.单选题

Mathematicalabilityandmusicalabilitymaynotseemonthesurfacetobeconnected,butpeoplewhohaveresearchedthesubject—andstudiedthebrain—saythattheyare.ResearchformybookLate-TalkingChildrendrovehomethepointtome.Threequartersofthebrightbutspeech-delayedchildreninthegroupIstudiedhadacloserelativewhowasanengineer,mathematicianorscientistandfourfifthshadacloserelativewhoplayedamusicalinstrument.Thechildrenthemselvesusuallytookreadilytomathandotheranalyticalsubjects—andtomusic.

Black,whiteandAsianchildreninthisgroupshowthesamepatterns.However,lookingatthelargeworldaroundus,itisclearthatblackshavebeengreatlyover-representedinthedevelopmentofAmericanpopularmusicandgreatlyunderrepresentedinsuchfieldsasmathematics,scienceandengineering.

Iftheabilitiesrequiredinanalyticalfieldsandinmusicaresocloselyrelated,howcantherebethisgreatdisparity?Onereasonisthatthedevelopmentofmathematicalandothersuchabilitiesrequiresyearsofformalschooling,whilecertainmusicaltalentscanbedevelopedwithlittleornoformaltraining,ashashappenedwithanumberofwell-knownblackmusicians.

Itispreciselyinthosekindsofmusicwhereonecanacquiregreatskillwithoutformaltrainingthatblackshaveexcelled-popularmusicratherthanclassicalmusic,pianoratherthanviolin,bluesratherthanopera.Thisisreadilyunderstandable,giventhatmostblacks,formostofAmericanhistory,havenothadeitherthemoneyortheleisureforlongyearsofformalstudyinmusic.

BlackshavenotmerelyheldtheirowninAmericanpopularmusic.Theyhaveplayedadisproportionatelylargeroleinthedevelopmentofjazz,bothtraditionalandmodern.Alongstringofnamescomestomind—DukeEllington,ScouJoplin,W.C.Handy,LouisArmstrong,CharlieParker...andonandon.

Noneofthispresupposesanyspecialinnateabilityofblacksinmusic.Onthecontrary,itisperfectlyconsistentwithblacks,havingnomoresuchinbornabilitythananyoneelse,butbeinglimitedtobeingabletoexpresssuchabilityinnarrowerchannelsthanotherswhohavehadthemoney,thetie

andtheformaleducationtospreadoutoverawiderrangeofmusic,aswellasintomathematics,scienceandengineering.

ThereisnowayofknowingwhetherDukeEllingtonwouldhavebecomeamathematicianorscientistunderothercircumstances.Whatiscleareristhatmostblackshavenothadsuchalternativesavailableuntilveryrecently,ashistoryismeasured.Moreover,nowthatculturaltraditionshavebeenestablished,eventhoseblackswhohavesuchalternativesavailabletoday,andwhohavetheinbornabilitiestopursuethem,mayneverthelesscontinueforsometimetofollowwell-wornpaths.

1.Theauthor’sresearchforhisbookLate-TalkingChildrenshowedhimthat（）.

2.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat（）.

3.ItisknownfromthepassagethatDukeEllington（）.

4.Theauthorholdsthat（）.

5.Inthispassage,theauthortriestosaythat（）.

问题1选项

A.mathematicalabilityandmusicalabilityarecloselyrelated

B.brightbutspeech-delayedchildrenfavoranalyticalsubjects

C.onthesurface,mathematicalabilityandmusicalabilityarenotconnected

D.childrenofdifferentracesdifferslightlyintheirmathematicalandmusicalabilities

问题2选项

A.thedevelopmentofallmusictalentsneedslittleornoformaltraining

B.abilities,suchasmathematicalability,sometimescannotbedevelopedwithformaleducation

C.blacksareunderrepresentedinmathematicsbecausetheyhavenochancestoreceiveformaleducation

D.blacksusuallyprefermusictomathematics,scienceandengineering

问题3选项

A.onlylovespopularmusic

B.hasmadeagreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofjazz

C.isanobscuremusician

D.neverexcelsinjazzmusic

问题4选项

A.blacksdemonstratebetterinbornmusicalabilitiesthanothers

B.blacksaredistinguishedinallkindsofmusic

C.blacksnowcontinuetodomusicbecauseoftheirculturaltraditions

D.blacksstillhavenochancestobecomemathematiciansorscientiststoday

问题5选项

A.musicalabilityhasnoconnectionwithmathematicalability

B.one’sabilityhasnoconnectionwithmathematicalability

C.blacksaresoprejudicedthattheyseldomacceptnewthings

D.blacksaremoresuccessfulinmusicthaninsciencebecauseofvariousreasons

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节推理题。根据关键词“Late-TalkingChildren”定位到第一段的第二句，但答案在上一句“Mathematicalabilityandmusicalabilitymaynotseemonthesurfacetobeconnected,butpeoplewhohaveresearchedthesubject—andstudiedthebrain—saythattheyare.”表面上看数学能力和音乐能力好像没什么联系，但经过研究发现，两者其实是有关联的。选项A符合原文。

2.细节推断题。根据第三段中“certainmusicaltalentscanbedevelopedwithlittleornoformaltraining”可知选项A错误；根据第三段中“thedevelopmentofmathematicalandothersuchabilitiesrequiresyearsofformalschooling”可知选项B错误；选项C与第三段内容相符，所以正确；选项D在文中没有提及。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词“DukeEllington”定位到第五段，根据第五段第二句“Theyhaveplayedadisproportionatelylargeroleinthedevelopmentofjazz,bothtraditionalandmodern.”他们在爵士乐的发展中，无论是传统的还是现代的，都或多或少的扮演了重要角色。选项B符合原文。

4.细节推理题。根据第六段的第二句“Onthecontrary,itisperfectlyconsistentwithblacks,havingnomoresuchinbornabilitythananyoneelse...”可知选项A错误；根据本文最后一句“nowthatculturaltraditions...tofollowwell-wornpaths.”可知选项C符合原文；选项D表述太绝对。

5.细节推理题。文章第一句就说了数学能力和音乐能力有一点关系，所以选项A和B均表述错误；选项C表述太绝对且在文中没有提及，排除；选项D由于多种原因，黑人在音乐方面要比在科学方面更成功，符合原文。

15.单选题

MostWesternnations,includingtheU.S.,_16_Japanthebenefitsofitsrigorouseducationalsystem.Morethan90%ofJapanesestudentsgraduatefromtwelfthgrade(incontrastto75%theU.S.),_17_ademandingacademicagenda.Duringhighschool,theJapanesemust_18_farmoremathandsciencethantheirAmericancounterparts.Bythetimethey_19_theircollegeentranceexams,studentsarepreparedtohandlequestionsinEnglishgrammar,aswellasJapanese,andinsubject_20_notgenerallyapproacheduntilcollegeintheU.S.Thesystemhas_21_Japanwell.Itpreparesstudentsforsmooth_22_intoanovercrowdedandcompetitivesociety.Ina_23_orderedculturelikeJapan’s,higheducationalachievementis_24_theonlyguaranteeofasuccessfulcareer.Morethan65%ofhighschoolstudents_25_withcollegeentrancecourses._26_beginsearly.Fromthetimechildrenfirstsetfootinschoolatagesix,theyarefaced_27_sevenhoursofclassesaday,240daysayearandtwelveyearsofunremittingpressure.Studentsdevotealmostalltheir_28_hourstostudies.Inadditiontoregularclassesandhalf-daysonSaturdays,theyoften_29_uptofiveadditionalhoursatspecialcramschoolscalled“juku”(privateacademies).Acandidatemayapplytoonlyonetopuniversity.Becausegovernmentministriesandtopfirmsallrecruitfromahandfulofuniversities,_30_tosettleforalow-rankinginstitutionisanalmostirreversibledisaster.Theultimate_31_ofsuccess:acceptancebythe14,000-studentTokyoUniversity.

PreoccupationwithexamsleadstheJapanesetoemphasize_32_ratherthananalyticalthinking.Theteachertalks,andthestudentslisten.Thepressuretodowellcanbecomeso_33_thatsomestudentscommitsuicide,evenbeforeattemptingcollegeentranceexams.Theteen-agesuiciderateinJapaneseis17.6per100,000(intheU.S.itis10.9),andalmostallofitisthought_34_toacademicstress.Theuniversitiesdonotoffermuchconsolation.Onesentthismessagetoa_35_candidate:“Youcannotgoonlivingunlessyouaretough”.

问题1选项

A.envy

B.hate

C.admire

D.appreciate

问题2选项

A.despite

B.inspite

C.nomatter

D.however/r