考研考博-英语-南京医科大学康达学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京医科大学康达学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.问答题

IfSnowhadownedhisownbenefits,orapproachedhealthcareasaconsumer,asthe

administrationwantspeopletodo,he’dcertainlybesingingadifferenttune.HadSnowstashed

A

afewthousanddollarsinahealthsavingsaccount，whichisoneoftheadministration’schief

B

proposalstoreducetherisingnumberofuninsured,helikelywouldn’thaveenoughcashto

C

D

affordchemotherapy.

【答案】试题答案：C;theuninsured

【解析】考查冠词。此处表示“没有保险的人”，需要在uninsured前面加定冠词the，表示某类人。

2.单选题

Contrarytowhatmanypeoplebelieve,highlyintelligentchildrenarenotnecessarilydestinedforacademicsuccess.Infact,so-calledgiftedstudentsmayfailtodowellbecausetheyareunusuallysmart.Ensuringthatagiftedchildreacheshisorherpotentialrequiresanunderstandingofwhatcangowrongandhowtosatisfytheunusuallearningrequirementsofextremelybrightyoungpeople.

Onecommonproblemgiftedkidsfaceisthatthey,andthosearoundthem,placetoomuchimportanceonbeingsmart.Suchanemphasiscanbreedabeliefthatbrightpeopledonothavetoworkhardtodowell.Althoughsmartkidsmaynotneedtoworkhardinthelowergrades,whentheworkiseasy,theymaystruggleandperformpoorlywhentheworkgetsharderbecausetheydonotmaketheefforttolearn.Ifthescholasticachievementofhighlyintelligentchildrenremainsbelowaverageforanextendedperiod,manyteacherswillfailtorecognizetheirpotential.Asaresult,suchstudentsmaynotgettheencouragementtheyneed,furtherdepressingtheirdesiretolearn.Theymayfallfarbehindintheirschoolworkandevendevelopbehaviorproblems.

IQisjustoneingredientamongmanyintherecipeforsuccess—ChildrenthriveorstruggleinschoolforahostofreasonsapartfromIQ.Theseincludemotivationandpersistence,socialcompetence,andthesupportoffamily,educatorsandfriends.Emphasizingtheimportanceofpersistenceandhardwork,forexample,willhelpachildavoidthelazinesstrap.Giftedchildrenalsoneedintellectualchallenges—toteachthemhowtoworkhard.

Becausehighlygiftedchildrensolvethemostvariedthoughtproblemsfasterandmorethoroughlythanthosewithmoreaverageaptitudesdo,theyneedadditionalintellectualstimulationwhiletheywaitfortherestofthekidstolearnthebasics.Twocentralapproachesareusedtosatisfytheeducationalneedsofsuchchildren:accelerationandenrichment.Accelerationmeansstudyingmaterialthatispartofthestandardcurriculumforolderstudents.Enrichmentinvolveslearninginformationthatfallsoutsidetheusualcurriculum.

Achildmightskiponeormoregradesasawayofacceleratinginschool.Butbeingwitholderchildrenfortheentireschoolday—andperhapsforgrade-basedextracurricularactivitiessuchassports—canmakeachildfeelinferiorineveryrealmoutsideofacademics.Oneverybrightfourth-graderwhohadskippedtwogradesremainedfaraheadofhisclassmatesintellectually,butashisclassmatesreachedpuberty,hissocialandothershortcomingsbecamepainfullyapparent.Whileaccelerationisnotanoption,ornotagoodone,enrichmentcanbe.Afterall,schoolisnotaracebutanadventureinlearning.Assuch,thegoalisnotfinishingfirstbutabsorbingasmuchknowledgeaspossibleinthetimeallotted.Thus,providingopportunitiesforachildtostudytopicsoutsidetheregularcurriculumcanbeatleastasvaluableaspushinghimorherthroughtherequiredmaterialfaster.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbelongstoenrichmentactivitiesfortalentedchildren?

2.Whatmakesthebasicreasonforthescholasticachievementofhighlyintelligentchildrenbeingbelowaverageforanextendedperiod?

3.Theexampleoftheverybrightfourth-gradermentionedinthelastparagraphshowsthattheauthorbelieves______.

4.Whichofthefollowingconclusionsdoyouthinkisinconformitywiththeauthor’sidea?

5.Inthisarticle,theauthorisintendedto______.

问题1选项

A.Skippingoneofmoregradesandstudyingtogetherwitholderchildren.

B.Learningthesamematerialinthestandardcurriculumforolderstudents.

C.Learninginformationthatisnotincludedintheregularcurriculum.

D.Learninghowtoreadwithfluencyevenintheirpre-schooldays.

问题2选项

A.Teachers’failuretorecognizetheirpotential.

B.Toomuchemphasisonbeingintelligentbythemselvesandthoseroundthem.

C.Notworkinghardenough.

D.Lackofencouragementfromteachers.

问题3选项

A.accelerationistheonlyalternativechoiceforintelligentchildren

B.accelerationisnotagoodchoiceforsmartchildren

C.accelerationisagoodalternativeforgiftedkids

D.accelerationismorepracticalthanenrichment

问题4选项

A.Heisinfavorofenrichmentratherthanacceleration.

B.Heisinfavorofaccelerationratherthanenrichment.

C.Hespeakshighlyofbothenrichmentandacceleration.

D.Hethinksneitherenrichmentnoraccelerationisagoodchoice.

问题5选项

A.pointoutthedefectsofaccelerationforgiftedchildren

B.compareaccelerationwithenrichmentforgiftedchildren

C.stresstheimportanceofenrichmentforgiftedchildren

D.discusshowtobringoutgiftedchildren’spotential

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段后半部分Enrichmentinvolveslearninginformationthatfallsoutsidetheusualcurriculum.（充实包括学习常规课程之外的信息。），说明学习常规课程之外的信息属于为有天赋的孩子开展的充实活动。因此C选项“学习常规课程中没有包括的信息”正确。A选项“跳过一个或多个年级，与大孩子一起学习”，B选项“在高年级学生的标准课程中学习同样的内容。”，D选项“甚至在学前时期就学习如何流畅地阅读”属于加速的方法，所以A,B,D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Onecommonproblemgiftedkidsfaceisthatthey,andthosearoundthem,placetoomuchimportanceonbeingsmart.（有天赋的孩子们面临的一个常见问题是，他们和他们周围的人都过于重视聪明。），说明有天赋的孩子和他们周围的人过于强调聪明，会造成聪明的人不需要努力工作就能做好的错误想法，长久以来，他们就会落后于别人。因此B选项“自己和周围的人过于强调他们的聪明”正确。A选项“教师没有认识到他们的潜力”，C选项“不够努力工作”，D选项“缺乏来自老师的鼓励”均不是最根本的原因，所以A,C,D错误。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第三句Oneverybrightfourth-graderwhohadskippedtwogradesremainedfaraheadofhisclassmatesintellectually,butashisclassmatesreachedpuberty,hissocialandothershortcomingsbecamepainfullyapparent.（一个非常聪明的四年级学生跳了两个年级，在智力上仍然远远领先于他的同学，但当他的同学进入青春期时，他的社交和其他缺点变得非常明显。），说明作者认为加速的方法会带来不好的影响，不利于孩子的成长。因此B选项“加速不是聪明孩子的好选择”正确。A选项“加速是聪明孩子的唯一选择”，由原文可知，有加速和充实两种方法，所以A错误。C选项“加速是有天赋的孩子的一个好选择”，D选项“加速比充实更实用”，由原文可知，作者认为加速没有充实的方法好，所以C,D错误。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第四句Whileaccelerationisnotanoption,ornotagoodone,enrichmentcanbe.（虽然加速不是一个选择，或者说不是一个好的选择，但充实可以是。），说明作者反对加速的方法，赞同充实的方法。因此A选项“他赞成充实而不是加速”正确。B选项“他赞成加速而不是充实”，C选项“他对充实和加速都给予高度评价”，D选项“他认为充实和加速都不是一个好的选择”均和原文表述的意思相反，所以B,C,D错误。

5.主旨大意题。文章开头首先提出有天赋的孩子面临的问题，接着阐述了成功除了智力之外还有其他的因素，接着介绍了两种满足有天赋的孩子需求的教育方法——加速和充实，分析两者的利弊，最后得出结论，充实的方法比加速的方法更好。因此D选项“讨论如何发挥有天赋的孩子的潜力”符合文章主旨，是本文的写作目的。A选项“指出加速训练对有天赋的孩子的缺陷”，B选项“比较加速和充实对有天赋的孩子的影响”，C选项“强调充实教学内容对有天赋的孩子的重要性”都只是文章的某一个方面，不能全面概括文章主旨，所以A,B,C错误。

3.单选题

TheradicaltransformationofSovietsocietyhadaprofoundimpactonwomen’slives.Marxistshadtraditionallybelievedthatbothcapitalismandthemiddleclasshusbandexploitedwomen.TheRussianRevolutionof1917immediatelyproclaimedcompleteequalityofrightsforwomen.Inthe1920sdivorceandabortionweremadeeasilyavailable,andwomenwereurgedtoworkoutsidethehomeandliberatethemselvessexually.AfterStalincametopower,sexualandfamilialliberationwasplayeddown,andthemostlastingchangesforwomeninvolvedworkandeducation.

Thesechangesweretrulyrevolutionary.Youngwomenwereconstantlytoldthattheyhadtobeequaltomen,thattheycouldandshoulddoeverythingmencoulddo.PeasantwomeninRussiahadlongexperiencedtheequalityofbackbreakingphysicallaborinthecountryside,andtheycontinuedtoenjoythatequalityoncollectivefarms.Withtheadventofthefive-year-plans,millionsofwomenalsobegantotoilinfactoriesandinheavyconstruction,buildingdams,roadsandsteelmillsinsummerheatandwinterfrost.Mostoftheopportunitiesopentomenthrougheducationwerealsoopentowomen.Determinedwomenpursuedtheirstudiesandenteredtheranksofthebetter-paidspecialistsinindustryandscience.Medicinepracticallybecameawoman’sprofession.By1950,75percentofdoctorsontheSovietUnionwerewomen.

ThusStalinistsocietygavewomengreatopportunitiesbutdemandedgreatsacrificesaswell.Thevastmajorityofwomensimplyhadtoworkoutsidethehome.Wagesweresolowthatitwasalmostimpossibleforafamilyorcoupletoliveonlyonthehusband’searning.Moreover,thefull-timeworkingwomanhadaheavyburdenofhouseholdtasksinheroffhours,formostSovietmeninthe1930sstillconsideredthehomeandthechildrenthewoman’sresponsibility.Mencontinuedtomonopolizethebestjobs.Finally,rapidchangeandeconomichardshipledtomanybrokenfamilies,creatingfurtherphysical,emotional,andmentalstrainsforwomen.Inanyevent,theoften-neglectedhumanresourceofwomenwasruthlesslymobilizedinStalinistsociety.This,too,wasanaspectoftheSoviettotalitarianstate.

1.ThemainideaofthispassageisthatwomeninStalinistsociety（）.

2.Inthispassage,tomonopolizemeansto（）.

3.Inthispassage,mobilizedmeans（）.

4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassageisto（）.

5.Theoverallorganizationalpatternofthispassageis（）.

6.Howaretheideaswithinthefollowingsentencerelated?“Moreover,thefull-timeworkingwomanhadaheavyburdenofhouseholdtasksheroffhours,formostSovietmeninthe1930sstillconsideredthehomeandthechildrenthewoman’sresponsibility.”

7.Theauthor’stoneinthispassagecanbestbedescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.hadeconomicopportunitiesthathadneverbeenavailablebefore

B.haddifficultybalancingtheirworkandfamilyresponsibilities

C.hadnewopportunitiesbutalsomanyhardships.

D.movedquicklyintothehighestlevelsofgovernment

问题2选项

A.hold

B.earn

C.leave

D.pay

问题3选项

A.punished

B.paid

C.fought

D.used

问题4选项

A.comparedifferentsystemsofgovernment

B.tellaninterestingstory

C.amusethereader

D.provideinformation

问题5选项

A.definition

B.example/illustration

C.chronologicalorder

D.comparison/contrast

问题6选项

A.cause/effect

B.division/classification

C.summary

D.sequence/process

问题7选项

A.disapproving

B.emotional

C.objective

D.sympathetic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:A

第7题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文第三段第一句为本文主旨句。“ThusStalinistsocietygavewomengreatopportunitiesbutdemandedgreatsacrificesaswell.”斯大林主义社会给了女性巨大的机会，但也要求她们做出巨大的牺牲。选项C符合原文主旨。

2.词汇题。根据关键词“monopolize”定位到第三段倒数第三句“Mencontinuedtomonopolizethebestjobs.”原文指男性继续垄断着最好的工作。选项A“拥有”最能替代原文中的“monopolize”，所以正确。

3.词汇题。根据关键词“monopolize”定位到第三段倒数第二句“Inanyevent,theoften-neglectedhumanresourceofwomenwasruthlesslymobilizedinStalinistsociety.”无论如何，经常被忽视的女性人力资源在斯大林社会被无情地使用。能与“humanresource”搭配使用且符合原文意思的只有选项D。

4.主旨大意题。根据原文可知，本文并没有比较不同的政府体制，所以选项A错误；本文也不是在讲述有趣的故事和娱乐读者，所以选项B和C均错误；只有选项D提供信息正确。

5.细节事实题。根据原文可知，文中出现了很多时间的关键词，并详细讲述了当时的情况，所以本文主要是按照时间顺序来写的。选项C正确。

6.推理判断题。句意：此外，全职工作的妇女在业余时间有沉重的家务负担，因为在20世纪30年代，大多数苏联男人仍然认为家庭和孩子是妇女的责任。这句话前后构成因果关系，根据关键词“for”也可知选项A正确。cause/effect“因果关系”；division/classification“分类”，summary“总结”，sequence/process“过程”。所以选项A正确。

7.观点态度类。结合文章内容可知，作者是在陈述事实，并未带有个人主义色彩的词出现，所以作者的态度是客观公正的，选项C正确。

4.单选题

Themachinelookedlikealarge,（

）,old-fashionedtypewriter.

问题1选项

A.forceful

B.clumsy

C.intense

D.tricky

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这台机器看上去像一台又大又笨的老式打字机。

形容词辨析。Forceful强有力的，有说服力的;clumsy笨拙的(贬义);intense强列的，紧张的;tricky狡猾的，机警的。因此B符合句意。

5.单选题

Merdineisherownwoman,withanidentity___fromhermother’s.

问题1选项

A.discrete

B.distinctive

C.distinct

D.discreet

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项discrete“离散的，不连续的”；B选项distinctive“独特的，有特色的；与众不同的（常用来说某个人或物具有独有的、区别于其他的特质）”；C选项distinct“明显的；独特的；清楚的；有区别的（用于描述两个或多个不同事物或事物群体）”；D选项discreet“谨慎的；小心的”。句意：玛丁是她自己的女人，有着与她母亲___的身份。本句表达“玛丁和她母亲两者的身份截然不同”。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Toimpressafutureemployer,oneshoulddressneatly,be（）,anddisplayinterestinthejob.

问题1选项

A.swift

B.instant

C.timely

D.punctual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项swift“迅速的；敏捷的”；B选项instant“立即的；紧迫的”；C选项timely“及时的；适时的”；D选项punctual“准时的；守时的”。句意：为了给未来的雇主留下印象，职员应该穿戴整洁，……，显示对工作的兴趣。目的是impressafutureemployer“给未来雇主留下好的印象”，应该要dressneatly“穿戴整洁”，bepunctual“守时的”，而且显示出对这份工作的兴趣。就像是一场面试，最重要的还是要守时。因此D选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Onlybypublishingatleastfivearticlesontopjournals（

）havethechancetobepromotedtoprofessors.

问题1选项

A.teacherscan

B.canteachers

C.ateachercan

D.canateacher

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是部分倒装结构。句子开头是only引导的状语结构，用来修饰整个句子时，空格部分主句的谓语动词应该使用部分倒装结构。故需要将情态动词和助动词提前。句意为：只有顶级期刊上发表至少五篇论文，老师们才有机会晋升为教授。因此选项B正确。

8.单选题

Thereisagreat（）instrengthbetweenthetwoteams.

问题1选项

A.disparity

B.deficiency

C.disparagement

D.disrelation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disparity“不同；不一致”；B选项deficiency“缺陷，缺点”；C选项disparagement“轻蔑；轻视”；D选项disrelation“不相干；没有相应的联系”。句意：两队力量悬殊。四个选项中，只有A项符合句意。

9.单选题

Ahealthyandbetter-educatednewgenerationisa（

）forsustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofallcountries.

问题1选项

A.guarantee

B.security

C.demand

D.target

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。guarantee保障，担保；security安全；demand需求；target目标。

句意：身体健康、受到良好教育的新一代是所有国家经济和社会可持续发展的保障。选项A符合句意。

10.单选题

Asacommander,youshouldnot（）thesoldierstounnecessarydanger.

问题1选项

A.express

B.explode

C.exploit

D.expose

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项express“表达，快递”。B选项explode“爆炸，爆发”。C选项exploit“开发，开拓”。D选项expose“揭露，暴露”。句意：作为一名指挥官，你不应该让士兵们去冒不必要的危险。本句表示“士兵暴露在危险中”，即让士兵去冒险。因此D选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Herknowledgeandexperiencewouldmakehera(n)（）assettotheteam.

问题1选项

A.worthless

B.priceless

C.valueless

D.inexpensive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。worthless“不值钱的，无价值的”；priceless“无价的，极贵重的”；valueless“无价值的，微不足道的”；inexpensive“便宜的”。句意：她的学识和经验将成为团队无价的资产。选项B符合题意。

12.翻译题

1.Wheneducationfailstokeeppacewithtechnology,theresultisinequality.Withouttheskillstostayusefulasinnovationsarrive,workerssuffer—andifenoughofthemfallbehind,societystartstofallapart.ThatfundamentalinsightseizedreformersintheIndustrialRevolution,heraldingstate-fundeduniversalschooling.Later,automationinfactoriesandofficescalledforthasurgeincollegegraduates.Thecombinationofeducationandinnovation,spreadoverdecades,ledtoaremarkablefloweringofprosperity.Todayroboticsandartificialintelligencecallforanothereducationrevolution.

【答案】1.当教育跟不上科技的发展，结果就是不公平。科技创新到来之时，如果工人的技术不再有用，他们就会吃亏，而当被淘汰的工人太多时，社会就会开始分裂。在工业革命时期，当时的改革者们抓住了这种基本的观点，随之带来的就是由国家出资的全民教育。后来，工业和办公自动化又带来了大学生的激增。数十年来，教育和科技创新的结合，造就了令人瞩目的繁荣之花。今天，机器人和人工智能呼吁着另一场教育变革。

13.单选题

Thecostofmakingtheprogramswassharedbyaconsortiumofsixpublictelevisionstations.

问题1选项

A.conformation

B.association

C.patchwork

D.combine

【答案】B

【解析】句意：制作这些节目的成本由六家公共电视台共同承担。consortium意为“联合，合伙”。conformation构造，一致，符合；association协会，联盟，联合；patchwork拼缝物，混杂物；combine联合企业。选项B与之意思最为相近。

14.单选题

Studiesofveryyoungboysandgirlsshowonlythat,（

）boysmayhavealowertoleranceforfrustration,andatendencytowardsrough-and-tumbleplay,thesetendenciesaredwarfedbytheimportanceofmalesocializationandpeerpressureintogenderroles.

问题1选项

A.although

B.because

C.however

D.aslongas

【答案】A

【解析】考查逻辑关系。句意“研究表明，……男孩子可能对挫折的容忍度较低，还有打闹的，这些倾向被男性重要的社会性和性别角色的压力弱化了。主从句间应表示让步的关系，因此A选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Theemphasisonexaminationsisbyfarthe（）worstformofcompetitioninschools.

问题1选项

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。negligent“疏忽的；大意的”；edible“可食用的”；fabulous“难以置信的；极好的”；disproportionate“不成比例的”，根据句子意思可知此处应该填一个形容词，并且是表示贬义的形容词来形容“强调考试”这种糟糕的竞赛方式，分析四个选项，只有disproportionate最恰当。句意：对考试的强调是目前学校里面最不合理……竞赛方式。故正确答案为选项D。

16.填空题

Johnusedtodrinkheavilyatbusinessgatherings.Hisfriendsand（1）warnedhimnottodrivewhenhehadbeendrinking,buthealways（2）theirwarningsanddroveanyway.The（3）neverstoppedhimwhilehewasontheroad,soheconcludedthathewasanexcellentdriver（4）whenhewasdrunk.This,（5）,wasfalse,asheprovedoneeveningonhis（6）backfromadinnerwithclients.Verydrunk,hedrovethrougharedlightandcrashedintoanoncomingcarwithfivepassengers.Twowere

（7）instantly,twowereinjuredandone,thedriver,escapedunharmed.Johnsurvived,buthespenttwoandahalfmonthsinthehospital（8）fromhismanyinjuries.Afterhistrialhewassentto（9）forthreeyears.Hewasreleasedlastmonth.Nowheis（10）torebuildhislife.

【答案】1.colleagues

2.ignored

3.police

4.even

5.however

6.way

7.killed

8.recovering

9.jail

10.trying

【解析】1.语义题。由前一句中的“businessgatherings(商业聚会)”及本句的“friends(朋友)”推测此处应填“colleagues(同事)”。

2.逻辑分析。由关键词“but但是”及droveanyway不管怎样还是开车”知这里表示“忽视他们的警告”。

3.语义题。由关键词“stophim让他停下了”及“ontheroad在路上”可推知第三个空应填“police警察”。

4.逻辑分析。这里用even表示让步:即使喝醉了。

5.逻辑分析。However表示转折“然而”。

6.固定搭配。onone’sway在路上。

7.语义题。句意:两人当场死亡，两人受伤，一名司机毫发无伤地逃跑。

8.固定搭配。recoverfrom恢复,痊愈。而前面是spendtimein(花费时间做某事),后面应接动词的ing形式。所以这里填recovering。

9.语义题。后面句子说:Hewasreleasedlastmonth(他上个月被释放),所以前面说“被判入狱”。

10.语义题。句意:现在他正在尝试重建他的生活。

17.单选题

There'sabuzzintheairattheElDiabloCoffeeCo.inSeattle,andit'snotjustcomingfromthearomaoftheshop'sCuban-stylecoffeedrinks.OnarecentWednesdayevening,asmostcustomerssatquietlyreadingbooksortappingawayontheirlaptopcomputers,about15peoplegatheredinacirclediscussingphilosophy.“Whatisawell-livedlife?”askedone,asthegroupenjoyedanintellectualhigh.

KnownasaSocratesCafe,thegroupatElDiabloisjustoneof150orsothatmeetincoffeeshops,bookstores,libraries,churchesandcommunitycentersacrossthecountry.FoundedbyChristopherPhillips,aformerjournalistandteacher,thecafesaredesignedtogetpeopletalkingaboutphilosophicalissues.UsingakindofSocraticmethod,theyencouragepeopletodeveloptheirviewsbyposingquestions,beingopentochallengesandconsideringalternativeanswers.AdheringtoSocrates’beliefthattheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving,thecafesfocusonexchangingideas,notusingthemtopummelotherparticipants.

“Insteadofjustyellingbackandforth,wetakeafewstepsbackandexaminepeople'sunderlyingvalues.Peoplecanaskwhytotheirheart'scontent^’’saysPhilips,whosemostrecentbookSixQuestionsofSocrates,cameoutearlierthisyear.

Whileamodern-daydiscussiongroupbasedontheteachingsofathinkerfromthe5thcenturyB.C.mayseemweirdlyoutdated,SocratesCafeshavefoundasurprisinglylargeanddiversefollowing.“Peoplewhogetoffonideascometothis,”saysFredKorn,65,aretiredphilosophyprofessor,whoattendstheWednesday-nightmeetingsatElDiablo.“Outsideofcollege,there'renotalotofopportunitiestogettogetherwithpeoplewhowanttotalkaboutideas.”

ForPhilips,thedialoguegroupsareaboutmuchmorethangoodconversation.“It'sgrass-rootsdemocracy.”hesays.“It'sonlyinagroupsettingthatpeoplecanhashouttheirideasabouthowweshouldactnotjustasanindividualbutasasociety.”Toavoiddivisivedead-endarguments,thecafesfrequentlyturncurrenteventsintobroaderphilosophicalquestions.Forexample,insteadofarguingaboutwhethergaycouplesshouldmarry,agroupasked,“whatisanexcellentmarriage?”

WhilePhillipsbelievesthecafescanbenefitanyone,oneofhisfavoritegroupsischildren.Philosophyisimportantforkidsofallages,Philipsays,because“itgivesthemthisgreatchancetoshapetheirmoralcode,tofigureoutclearlywhotheyareandwhotheywanttobe...Thewholeideaisnotthatwehavetofindafinalanswer;it’sthatwekeepthinkingaboutthesethings.”Onequestionatatime.

1.BydescribingthesceneoftheElDiabloCoffee,theauthorimpliesthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thediscussiongroupholdsthat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,SocratesCafesare（）.

4.Thediscussiongroupusuallyavoidstalkingaboutcurrenteventsinorderto（）.

5.Bymentioning“Onequestionatatime”inthelastsentence,theauthormeansthatchildrenshould

（）.

问题1选项

A.theElDiabloCoffeeisthefirstCafewherepeoplemeettodiscussphilosophy

B.discussiongroupsbasedontheteachingsofSocratesarerevivingatcafes

C.whenthinkingaboutthemeaningoflife,peopleoftenenjoyhighspirits

D.manypeopleenjoydiscussingphilosophy,especiallytheteachingsofSocrates

问题2选项

A.peopleshouldattackothers’views

B.peopleshouldchallengetheauthority

C.peopleshouldhelpothers

D.peopleshouldmeditateontheirlife

问题3选项

A.welcomedbyalargenumberofoverseasvisitors

B.consideredgoodplacestotalkaboutphilosophy

C.placeswherepeoplearefreetoaskallkindsofquestions

D.placeswherepeoplearefreetocriticizeothers’views

问题4选项

A.preventunsolvabledispute

B.wardofftendersubjects

C.studyphilosophicalquestions

D.focusongeneraltopics

问题5选项

A.askonequestionatatime

B.thinkaboutonequestionatatime

C.discussonequestionatatime

D.answeronequestionatatime

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过描绘咖啡店的场面，作者暗示了什么？”文章第四段第一句话提到“虽然一个以公元前5世纪思想家教义为基础的现代讨论组织可能古怪过时，但是苏格拉底咖啡馆却意外地吸引了一大群形形色色的追随者”（Whileamodern-daydiscussiongroupbasedontheteachingsofathinkerfromthe5thcenturyB.C.mayseemweirdlyoutdated,SocratesCafeshavefoundasurprisinglylargeanddiversefollowing），由此可知选项D“很多人喜欢讨论哲学，尤其是苏格拉底的教义”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，讨论组织持有什么观点？”文章第二段最后一句话提到“秉承苏格拉底的信念，‘未经审视的生活不值得过下去’，咖啡馆专注于交换想法，而不是用它们来打击其他参与者”（AdheringtoSocrates’beliefthattheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving,thecafesfocusonexchangingideas,notusingthemtopummelotherparticipants），由此可知选项D“人们应该沉思他们的生活”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，苏格拉底咖啡是……”。文章第二段第二句话提到“咖啡馆是由前记者兼教师Christopher创办，旨在让人们谈论哲学问题”（FoundedbyChristopherPhillips,aformerjournalistandteacher,thecafesaredesignedtogetpeopletalkingaboutphilosophicalissues），因此选项B“被认为是一个谈论哲学的好去处”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“讨论组时常避免谈论时事是为了……”。文章第五段提到“为了避免陷入无休止的争论，咖啡馆经常将时事转变成更广的哲学问题”（Toavoiddivisivedead-endarguments,thecafesfrequentlyturncurrenteventsintobroaderphilosophicalquestions），因此选项A符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章最后一行提到‘一次一个问题’，作者认为孩子们应该……”。文章最后一段提到这给他们（孩子们）一个很好的机会来塑造他们的道德准则，弄清楚他们是谁，他们想成为谁。整个想法并不是说我们必须找到一个最终的答案，而是我们一直在想这些事情（Thewholeideaisnotthatwehavetofindafinalanswer;it'sthatwekeepthinkingaboutthesethings），随后提出onequestionatatime，因此可知是“一次思考一个问题”，选项B符合题意。

18.翻译题

Idon’trecallFrenchcivilizationfeelingsoimportantinmylifetime.Therewillbeuglyargumentsoverthecomingweeks,oncethefirstshockpasses,overwhowasresponsible,howthisdisasterhappened,whatnegligencewasinvolved.Butinthosesilent,reverent,hymn-singingcrowdsonthestreetsofParis,IalsosawthepossibilityofaFrenchcoming-togetherinthedeterminationtorebuildnotonlytheNotre-Damecathedral,butalsoanationshakenbytheviolenceoftheYellowVestmovementandthesocialdivisionsitreflects.ThestoryofNotre-Dameisastoryofenduranceandrebirth.

【答案】