考研考博-英语-厦门东海职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门东海职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

ArnoldToynbee说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自于挑战及由此引起的反应。没有挑战就没有反应，没有发展，没有自由。所以，我们首先应该在我们的孩子的能力所允许的范围内为他们开设要求最严格，最富有挑战性的课程。

我们可以向我们的孩子提供的第二个机会是允许他们有失败的权利。如果没有人可以失败，那它算什么考验，算什么自由呢？我们现在生活在一个越来越小的世界里，我们必须对现实保持清醒的认识；而现实主义要求树立一个要么成功要么失败的标准。这些话听起来很刺耳，但都是残酷的事实。如果我们剥夺孩子失败的权利，实际上我们就剥夺了他们如实地认识世界的机会。

【答案】ArnoldToynbeehassaidthatallprogress,alldevelopmentcomefromchallengeandaconsequentresponse.Withoutchallengethereisnoresponse,nodevelopment,nofreedom.Sofirstweowetoourchildrenthemostdemanding,challengingcurriculumthatiswithintheircapabilities.

Thesecondopportunitywecangiveourboysandgirlsistherighttofailure.Whatkindofatestisit,whatkindoffreedomwherenoonecanfail?Weliveinanarrowedworldwherewemustbealert,awaketorealism;andrealismdemandsastandardwhicheithermustbemetorresultinfailure.Thesearehardwords,buttheyarebrutallytrue.Ifwedepriveourchildrenoftherighttofailwedeprivethemoftheirknowledgeoftheworldasitis.

2.单选题

Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.

Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.

Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion(拥挤).Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.

Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractable(可伸缩的)armwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.

Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar’smovements.

Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzer(蜂鸣器)thatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.

1.Onesignificantimprovementinthefuturecarwillprobablybe____________.

2.Whatistheauthor’smainconcern?

3.Whatprovidesautoswithelectricpowerinanautomatedhighwaysystem?

4.Inanautomatedhighwaysystem,allthedriverneedstodois____________.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthefutureofautos?

问题1选项

A.itspowersourceC.itsmonitoringsystem

B.C.itsmonitoringsystemB.

C.itsmonitoringsystemB.itsdrivingsystem

D.itsseatingcapacity

问题2选项

A.Howtorenderautomobilespollution-free.

B.Howtomakesmallerandsaferautomobiles.

C.Howtosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams.

D.Howtodevelopanautomatedsubwaysystem.

问题3选项

A.rail.

B.Anengine.

C.Aretractablearm.

D.Acomputercontroller.

问题4选项

A.keepintherightlane

B.waittoarriveathisdestination

C.keepinconstanttouchwiththecomputercenter

D.informthesystemofhisdestinationbyphone

问题5选项

A.Enthusiastic.

B.Pessimistic.

C.Optimistic.

D.Cautious.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.（它应该变得更小、更安全、更经济，而且不应该由汽油发动机驱动。），可知A选项“能量来源”正确。B选项“驱动系统”，C选项“监控系统”和D选项“载客人数”文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。

2.作者意图题。根据第三段第一句theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion.（未来的汽车的主要问题仍在城市交通拥挤），可知作者最关心交通拥挤的问题，结合下文对如何解决这个问题展开设想，所以C选项“如何解决交通堵塞的问题”正确，A选项“如何使汽车无污染”和B选项“如何制造更小更安全的汽车”：这是未来汽车发展方向的其中一部分，不是作者最关心的，故错误。D选项“如何开发自动化地铁系统”：文章没有提到开发地铁系统，故错误。因此C选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第五段第一句Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.（一旦连接到轨道上，汽车将由该系统提供电力，汽车的控制将通过中央计算机进行。），汽车接到铁轨上以后就有了电力，所以A选项“铁轨”正确，计算机控制器控制汽车，故D选项“计算机控制器”错误。B选项“可伸缩的机械臂”：根据第四段第一句aretractablearmwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail（一个可伸缩的机械臂从自动化系统向下和铁轨连接），可知机械臂不提供电力，故错误。C选项“引擎”：引擎不提供能量，故错误。因此A选项正确。

4.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzerthatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.（然后司机就可以自由地放松，等待蜂鸣器提醒他到下一个出口。），可知司机需要听从系统的提示，按照提示操作，所以D选项“用电话通知系统他的目的地”正确，B选项“等待到达他的目的地”错误。A选项“保持在右车道行驶”和C选项“与计算机中心保持联系”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。

5.观点态度题。根据第一段第一句Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.（一些悲观的专家认为汽车注定会被淘汰。），结合作者下文提出未来汽车的发展方向，可知作者不赞同悲观的观点，根据第六段最后一句Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.（据估计，自动化公路每小时将能够处理1万辆汽车，而现在的公路只能运送1500到2000辆汽车。），在文章最后作者大胆预料未来汽车的情况，可知作者看好未来汽车的发展，所以C选项“乐观”正确，B选项“悲观”和D选项“谨慎”错误。A选项“热情”不明显。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Thedirectionswereso______thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

问题1选项

A.ingenious

B.ambitious

C.notorious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.ingenious精巧的，新颖独特的B.ambitious有野心的，有雄心的

C.notorious声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的D.ambiguous模棱两可的，含混不清的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据结果状语从句的内容“以至于不可能完成这项任务”可知，这个指示是不清楚的、模棱两可的，所以该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符句意。

【句意】指示如此模棱两可，以至于不可能完成这项任务。

4.单选题

Despitemediareportsthattheplanewashijacked,expertswerestillinvestigatingallpossibilitiesastowhathadcausedMH370to（）fromitsoriginalflightpath.

问题1选项

A.detach

B.deviate

C.differ

D.discharge

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项detach表示“使分离，派遣”；B选项deviate表示“使偏离，越轨”；C选项differ表示“使不同，意见分歧”；D选项discharge表示“离开，放电，释放，撤销”。根据关键词“fromitsoriginalflightpath”可知，原文讲的是飞机偏离航线，因此deviate含义最符合原文句意，故本题正确答案为B选项。

5.单选题

InmostearthquakestheEarth'scrustcrackslikeporcelain.Stressbuildsupuntilafractureformsatadepthofafewkilometersandthecrustslipstorelievethestress.Someearthquakes,however,takeplacehundredsofkilometersdownintheEarth'smantle,wherehighpressuremakesrocksoductilethatitflowsinsteadofcracking,evenunderstresssevereenoughtodeformitlikeputty.Howcantherebeearthquakesatsuchdepths?

Thatsuchdeepeventsdooccurhasbeenacceptedonlysince1927,whentheseismologistKiyooWadaticonvincinglydemonstratedtheirexistence.Insteadofcomparingthearrivaltimesofseismicwavesatdifferentlocations,asearlierresearchershaddone,Wadatireliedonatimedifferencebetweenthearrivalofprimary(P)wavesandtheslowersecondary(S)waves.BecausePandSwavestravelatdifferentbutfairlyconstantspeeds,theintervalbetweentheirarrivalsincreasesinproportiontothedistancefromtheearthquakefocus,orrupturepoint.

Formostearthquakes,Wadatidiscovered,theintervalwasquiteshortneartheepicenter,thepointonthesurfacewhereshakingisstrongest.Forafewevents,however,thedelaywaslongevenattheepicenterWadatisawasimilarpatternwhenheanalyzeddataontheintensityofshaking.Mostearthquakeshadasmallareaofintenseshaking,whichweakenedrapidlywithincreasingdistancefromtheepicenter,butotherswerecharacterizedbyalowerpeakintensity,feltoverabroaderarea.BoththeP-Sintervalsandtheintensitypatternssuggestedtwokindsofearthquakes:themorecommonshallowevents,inwhichthefocuslayjustundertheepicenter,anddeepevents,withafocusseveralhundredkilometersdown

Thequestionremained:howcansuchquakesoccur,giventhatmantlerockatadepthofmorethan50kilometersistooductiletostoreenoughstresstofracture?Wadati'sworksuggestedthatdeepeventsoccurinareas(nowcalledWadati-Benioffzones)whereonecrustalplateisforcedunderanotheranddescendsintothemantle.Thedescendingrockissubstantiallycoolerthanthesurroundingmantleandhenceislessductileandmuchmoreliabletofracture.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Informationpresentedinthepassagesuggeststhat,comparedwithseismicactivityattheepicenterofashallowevent,seismicactivityattheepicenterofadeepeventischaracterizedby

（

）.

3.ThemethodusedbyWadatitodeterminethedepthsofearthquakesismostlikewhichofthefollowing?

4.Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweentheepicenterandthefocusofanearthquake?

问题1选项

A.demonstratingwhythemethodsofearlyseismologistswereflawed

B.arguingthatdeepeventsarepoorlyunderstoodanddeservefurtherstudy

C.defendingarevolutionarytheoryaboutthecausesofearthquakesandmethodsofpredictingthem

D.discussingtheevidencefortheexistenceofdeepeventsandtheconditionsthatallowthemtooccur

问题2选项

A.shorterP-Sintervalsandhigherpeakintensity

B.shorterP-Sintervalsandlowerpeakintensity

C.longerP-Sintervalsandlowerpeakintensity

D.longerP-Sintervalsandhigherpeakintensity

问题3选项

A.Determiningthedistancefromathunderstormbythingtheintervalbetweentheflashofalightningboltandthunderitproduces

B.Determiningtheheightofamountainbymeasuringtheshadowitcastsatdifferenttimesoftheday.

C.Determiningthedepthofawellbydroppingstonesintowellandtiminghowlongtheytaketoreachthebottom.

D.Determiningthedistancebetweentwopointsbycountingthenumberofpacesiftakestocoverthedistanceandmeasuringasinglepace.

问题4选项

A.PwavesoriginateatthefocusandSwavesoriginateattheepicenter

B.Indeepeventstheepicenterandthefocusarereversed.

C.Inshalloweventstheepicenterandthefocuscoincide.

D.Inbothdeepandshalloweventsthefocusliesbeneaththeepicenter

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目是问文章主要是关于什么的。通过文章内容可知，文章主要是向读者介绍deepevents的知识。Wadati通过对Pwaves与Swaves的研究发现deepevents的存在。不同类型的地震其P-Sintervals是不同的，因此有了shallowevents与deepevents的区别。文章也告诉了读者deepevents是如何发生的。所以D选项‘讨论深层事件存在的证据以及允许它们发生的条件’正确。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段最后一句“BecausePandSwavestravelatdifferentbutfairlyconstantspeeds,theintervalbetweentheirarrivalsincreasesinproportiontothedistancefromtheearthquakefocus,orrupturepoint.由于P波和S波以不同但相当恒定的速度传播，它们到达的间隔与震源或破裂点的距离成正比。”以及第三段最后一句“BoththeP-Sintervalsandtheintensitypatternssuggestedtwokindsofearthquakes:themorecommonshallowevents,inwhichthefocuslayjustundertheepicenter,anddeepevents,withafocusseveralhundredkilometersdown.P-S间隔和强度模式都表明有两种地震：一种是更常见的浅层地震，震源就在震中下方;另一种是震源在几百公里以下的深层地震”可知与地震活动在一个浅的中心事件,地震活动的中心事件的特点是‘通过更接的纵横间隔波和更高的峰值强度表现的’，D选项正确。

3.推理判断题。题目提问Wadati用来确定地震深度的方法最像下列哪一种？distant用词不准。根据原文“BecausePandSwavestravelatdifferentbutfairlyconstantspeedstheintervalbetweentheirarrivalsincreasesinproportiontothedistancefromtheearthquakefocus(earthquakefocus-orrupturepoint.因为P波和S波以不同但相当恒定的速度传播，它们到达的距离与震源(震源或破裂点)的距离成正比。所以，只要地震的S波在P波之后很长时间才到达一个给定的位置肯定是真的，所以A选项‘用闪电与雷暴之间的间隔来确定雷暴与雷暴之间的距离’符合题意。

4.细节事实题。本题是问文章支持下列哪一个陈述关于中心和地震的集点之间的关系。根据文章内容以及最后一段“Thequestionremained:howcansuchquakesoccur,giventhatmantlerockatadepthofmorethan50kilometersistooductiletostoreenoughstresstofracture?Wadati’sworksuggestedthatdeepeventsoccurinareas(nowcalledWadati-BeniofFzones)whereonecrustalplateisforcedunderanotheranddescendsintothemantle.Thedescendingrockissubstantiallycoolerthanthesurroundingmantleandhenceislessductileandmuchmoreliabletofracture.问题依然存在:考虑到50公里以上深处的地幔岩石韧性太强，无法储存足够的应力而导致断裂，这样的地震怎么会发生呢?Wadati的工作表明，深部事件发生在一个地壳板块被压在另一个地壳板块下并进入地幔的区域(现在称为Wadati-Benioff带)。下降的岩石比周围的地幔要冷得多，因此韧性较差，更容易断裂。”可知D‘无论是深地震还是浅地震，震源都位于震中下方’选项。

6.单选题

Ihavenoideaoffashion,somychoiceofclothesseemsquitearbitrary.

问题1选项

A.assertive

B.decisive

C.optional

D.tasteful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项assertive“肯定的”；B选项decisive“决定性的”；C选项optional“随意的”；D选项tasteful“有品位的”。句意：我对时尚一窍不通，所以我对衣服的选择似乎很随意。划线部分arbitrary是随意的意思。因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

Unfortunately,hisdamagingattacksontheramificationsoftheeconomicpolicyhavebeen（）byhiswholeheartedacceptanceofthatpolicy’sunderlyingassumptions.

问题1选项

A.supplemented

B.undermined

C.redeemed

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。句意：不幸的是，他对这项政策基本假设的衷心接受

了他之前对其分支的猛烈抨击。supplemented增补，补充；undermined破坏，削弱；redeemed救赎，赎回，弥补；di-verted呼叫转移，释放。选项B“破坏”符合句意。

8.单选题

Hespokeso（

）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

问题1选项

A.bluntly

B.convincingly

C.emphatically

D.determinedly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析题。A选项bluntly“坦率地，率直地”；B选项convincingly“使人信服地，有说服力地”；C选项emphatically“坚决地，断然地”；D选项determinedly“决然地，断然地”。句意：他讲得如此有说服力，以至于他的对手都被他的辩论所折服。结合此处句意，B选项正确。

9.翻译题

WiththeadoptionoftheMulticulturalism,aseriesofnon-discriminatoryprogrammeswasintroducedtoenableAustraliansfromnon-Englishspeakingbackgroundstohavegreaterequalityofaccesstoeducation,healthandsocialservicesandpensions.Inaddition,“ethnicgroups”werepositionedtohavegreateraccesstogovernmentchannelsandtobeaccordedtherightstospeakfortheir“minoritygroups”.

【答案】随着多元文化主义的采用，以及一系列非歧视性方案的引入，非英语背景的澳大利亚人能够更平等地获得教育、保健和社会服务以及养老金。此外，“族裔群体”有更多的机会接触政府渠道，并被赋予为其“少数民族”发言的权利。

10.单选题

People___thatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.

问题1选项

A.convinced

B.anticipated

C.resolved

D.assured

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项convinced“说服；使确信，使信服”；B选项anticipated“预料，预期；预见，预计（并做准备）”；C选项resolved“决定；溶解；使……分解；决心要做……”；D选项assured“保证；担保；使确信；弄清楚”。句意：人们___，垂直飞行运输将像今天的飞机一样运载数百万乘客。本句表达“人们曾经预计”，因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Eachmonth5Yuanis（

）frommysalaryforhouse-repairingpayment.

问题1选项

A.excluded

B.expelled

C.compelled

D.docked

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项exclude“排除”；B选项expel“驱逐，开除”；C选项compel“强迫”；D选项dock“使靠码头，从（工资）中扣除（一部分的钱）”。句意：每个月从我的工资中扣去5元用于修房子。选项D符合句意。

12.单选题

Atfirsteverythingwentwellwiththeprojectbutrecentlywehavehadanumberof（

）withthemachinery.

问题1选项

A.disturbances

B.setbacks

C.outputs

D.distortions

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。disturbance“干扰，骚乱”；setback“挫折，顿挫”；output“输出，产出”；distortion“变形，扭曲”。句意：开始时，工程进展还算顺利，但是最近机器出现了一些问题。由but可知前后为转折关系，再根据句意可知答案B

13.单选题

Wehadamarvelousholiday;onlythelasttwodayswasslightly（）byweather.

问题1选项

A.damaged

B.enhanced

C.spoiled

D.diminished

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。damaged“破坏”；enhanced“提高；加强”；spoiled“溺爱；糟蹋；破坏”；diminished“减少；缩小”，根据句子前后的转折可知此处想表达的是最后两天受到了天气的不好影响，被破坏了，所以此处应该从damaged与spoiled两个中间选择，damage主要是指事物的价值或功能部分受损，spoil除了有溺爱、宠坏、破坏的意思外，还指事物完整性、完美性或者整体感受的破坏，此处表达的是最后两天由于坏的天气的影响，使其完美性遭到破坏，所以应该用spoil。句意：我们度过了一个十分愉快的假期，只有最后两天稍微被天气……了。故正确答案为选项C。

14.单选题

Ifacatcomestooclosetoitsnest,themockingbird_______asetofactionstoprotectitsoffspring.

问题1选项

A.hastens

B.releases

C.devises

D.initiates

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。hastens“催促，加速”；releases“释放，发表”；devises“发明，图谋”；initiates“发动，发起”。句意：如果猫越来越靠近嘲鸫的巢，它将会发动一系列行动去保护它的后代。选项D符合题意。

15.单选题

Coolmusiciansdemandedrespect,andwhen（）didn’tblowup,but,likethepresident,responded（）.

问题1选项

A.attacked...stoically

B.attacking...stoic

C.attacked...stoic

D.attacking...stoically

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。根据句意和句子结构，句子的主语为coolmusicians，when后面的空格应该是指当音乐家受到攻击时，所以主语musicians和动词attack之间存在被动关系，用attacked过去分词来修饰音乐家，故选项B和D可排除。又根据responded动词，可判断第二空格应填入副词修饰动词，故选项B和C可排除。句意：冷酷的音乐家需要尊重，当被攻击时，当他们受到的攻击没有爆发时，他们就像总统一样，反应冷静。选项A符合题意。

16.单选题

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,______thathepaidmebacktofollowingweek.

问题1选项

A.oncondition

B.onpurpose

C.onoccasion

D.onlyif

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。oncondition“只要，以……为条件”；onpurpose“有目的的”；onoccasion“有时，偶尔”；onlyif“只要……就”。句意：他问我借些钱，我同意借给他，前提是他（必须）下周还我。选项A符合题意。

17.单选题

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”--therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line”.Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.“It'syourdream,”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.”

Evidencefrombrain,imagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM（rapideyemovement）sleep--whenmostvividdreamsoccur—asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr.EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbicsystem（the“emotionalbrain”）isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex（thecenterofintellectandreasoning）isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday，”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylife,wedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’seventsuntil,itappears,webegintodream.Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor“wewakeupinapanic,”Cartwrightsays.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep—orratherdream—onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning.

1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams（）.

2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow（）.

3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto（）.

4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat（）.

5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?

问题1选项

A.canbemodifiedintheircourses

B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

问题2选项

A.itsfunctioninourdreams

B.themechanismofREMsleep

C.therelationofdreamstoemotions

D.itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex

问题3选项

A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind

B.developintohappydreams

C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep

D.showupindreamsearlyatnight

问题4选项

A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol

C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression

D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

问题5选项

A.Leadyourlifeasusual.

B.Seekprofessionalhelp.

C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段"Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter."一位权威人士表示，我们不仅可以利用这些强烈的精神活动，还可以有意识地控制它们，帮助我们睡眠，让我们感觉更好。可知梦是可以被人们有意识地控制的。A项正确。

2.细节事实题。thelimbicsystem（the“emotionalbrain”）isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex（thecenterofintellectandreasoning）isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday，”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.边缘系统（“情绪大脑”）特别活跃，而前额叶皮层（智力和推理的中心）相对安静。斯坦福大学睡眠研究员威廉•德门特博士说:“我们从梦中醒来时可能会感到高兴，也可能会感到沮丧，这些感觉可能会伴随我们一整天。”作者先介绍了这两个大脑区域，然后引用Dr.WilliamDement的话来解释梦与情绪的关系。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第三段Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.大多数人似乎在深夜做了更多的噩梦，然后在醒来之前会逐渐做一些更快乐的梦，这表明他们正在消解白天产生的消极情绪。据此可知白天的消极情绪会转化为深夜的噩梦。D项正确。

4.细节事实题。由第三段"Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams."这个过程不需要处于无意识状态的。卡特莱特认为，人们可以有意识地控制反复出现的噩梦。可知梦并不总是属于无意识的，通过一定的训练，人们可以有意识地控制梦。故D项正确。

5.细节事实题。由题干定位到最后一段"Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep—orratherdream—onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning."对于其他的人来说，大脑有自己的方式来处理不好的感觉。睡一觉——或者干脆做个梦——早上醒来你就会感觉好一些。可知Cartwright建议偶尔做噩梦的人顺其自然，因为大脑可以处理不好的感觉。故A项正确。

18.单选题

Theyaskedustocometotheirpartybutwe（

）theinvitation.

问题1选项

A.rejected

B.refused

C.declined

D.spurn

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。reject“拒绝，指断然拒绝接受某人，某物”；refuse“拒绝，回绝”；decline“拒绝，通常指有礼貌地婉拒”；spurn“藐视，唾弃”。句意：他们邀请我们去参加他们的聚会，但是我们婉拒了。由题干语境可知拒绝参加聚会应该是婉言拒绝。故C项正确。

19.翻译题

给予最重要的意义并不在于物质方面，而尤其在于人性方面。一个人会给予另一个人什么呢？他把自己拥有的最珍贵的东西给予别人，把自己的生命给予别人。这不一定意味着他要为别人而牺牲自己的生命，而是指他把自己身上的存在的东西给予别人，把自己的快乐、理解、知识、幽默、哀愁，把他身上存在的所有东西表露和显现给别人。在他把自己的生命给予别人的同时，他丰富了别人的生命。通过提高自己的生存感，他会提高别人的生存感。他不是为了获取才给予；给予本身就是一种强烈的快乐。当然，在给予中，他不知不觉地使别人身上某些东西得到新生，这种新生的东西反过来又给他带来了新的希望；在真诚的给予中，他无意识地得到了别人给他的回馈。给予暗示了让对方也成为给予者；双方共同分享他们已使某些东西得到了新生的快乐。在给予的行为中，某种东西得以新生，而对于这新生事物，涉及的双方都充满感激之情。仅就爱而言，这意味着爱是一种能产生爱的力量；没有（这种）力量就不会产生爱。

【答案】【参考译文】

Themostimportantmeaningofgivingdoesnotlieinthematerialaspect,butespeciallyinthehumanaspect.Whatdoesapersongivetoanotherperson?Hegivestoothersthemostpreciousthinghepossesses,giveshislifetoothers.Thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthathesacrificeshislifeforothers,butthathegivestootherswhatexistsinhim,hisjoy,hisunderstanding,hisknowledge,hishumor,hissorrow,allthatisinhimtoshowandmanifest.Ashegiveshislifetoothers,heenrichesthelifeofothers.Byenhancinghisownsenseofbeing,hewouldenhancethesenseofbeingofothers.Hedoesnotgiveinordertoacquire;givingitselfisastrongpleasure.Ofcourse,ingiving,heunwittinglybringssomethingtolifeintheother,andthisnewlifeinturngiveshimnewhope;ingivingsincerely,heunconsciouslyreceiveswhatothersgivebacktohim.Givingimpliesthattheotherpersonbecomesagivertoo;bothpartiessharethejoythattheyhavebroughtsomethingtolife.Intheactofgiving,somethingisborn,andbothpartiesinvolvedaregratefulforthatbirth.Inthecaseoflovealone,thismeansthatloveisaforcethatproduceslove;withoutit,therewillbenolove.

20.单选题

Inhernovelof“Reunion,AmericanStyle”,RonaJaffesuggeststhataclassreunion“ismorethanasentimentaljourney.Itisalsoawayofansweringthequest