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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东商务职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Contentisthesubjectmatterofarchitecture,theelementinarchitecturalexpressionthatcommunicatesspecificmeaningsthat()tosocietythefunctionsandtechniquesofbuildings.

问题1选项

A.interpret

B.tell

C.identify

D.modify

【答案】A

【解析】interpret解释,诠释;tell告诉,告知;identify证实;modify修饰,更改。句意:内容是建筑的主题,是建筑表达中传达特定意义的元素,向社会诠释建筑的功能和技术。选项A符合句意。

2.单选题

Maggietiptoedoverandtooktheclockawaybecauseshehatedtohearit()whenshewastryingtogotosleep.

问题1选项

A.sounding

B.humming

C.ticking

D.ringing

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:sound“作声,发声,响”;B:hum“发连续低沉的声音(如蜜蜂、马达的嗡嗡声)”;C:tick“发出滴答声”;D:ring“鸣,发出清脆响亮的声音”。句意:麦琪蹑手蹑脚走过来把钟拿走了,因为她讨厌在自己想睡觉的时候听它滴答地响。结合此处语境,修饰的是闹钟声,故C为正确答案。

3.翻译题

Brown最新出版的书中提出:关于人类对生态的影响,最乐观的估计也表明它已经超过了地球再生能力的20%左右。拯救巨大压力下的地球和麻烦不断的人类文明迫在眉睫。Brown在书中使用了一连串令人沮丧的统计数据对物种灭绝、水资源短缺以及石油生产量下降所引发的经济动荡进行了描述,特别强调了气候变化带来的系列负面效应以及应对措施。他所描述的由气候变化引起的混乱状态令人震惊,但有说服力:世界上最贫穷的人们与似乎更加饥饿的生物燃料产业之间在开展食物争夺。在石油价格日益上涨,产量逐渐变少,最后有可能枯竭的情况下,生物燃料产业的任务是确保发达国家的越野车能在道路上疾驰。穷人始终处于劣势地位。Brown认为拯救地球的计划必须是消除贫困,稳定人口。但是,在执行本计划过程中,必须处理好经济利益和全球金融机构的“民主赤字”问题,因为穷人通常被排除在外。

【答案】InBrown’slatestbook,hearguesthatthemostoptimisticestimatesofman’simpactonecologysuggestthatithasexceededabout20%oftheplanet’sregenerativecapacity.Itisimperativetosaveaplanetundergreatpressureandatroubledhumancivilization.Brownusesaseriesofdepressingstatisticstodescribetheeconomicturmoilcausedbyspeciesextinction,watershortagesanddecliningoilproduction,withaparticularemphasisonthenegativeeffectsofclimatechangeandwhatcanbedoneaboutthem.Hisdescriptionofthechaoscausedbyclimatechangeisshockingbutpersuasive:acompetitionforfoodbetweentheworld’spoorestpeopleandabiofuelsindustrythatseemsevenhungrier.Asoilpricesriseandproductionrunsout,thebiofuelindustry’sjobistokeepthedevelopedworld’soff-roadvehiclesontheroad.Thepoorarealwaysatadisadvantage.Brownbelievesthattheplantosavetheplanetmustbetoeradicatepovertyandstabilizepopulation.However,inimplementingtheplan,the“democraticdeficit”ofeconomicinterestsandglobalfinancialinstitutionsmustbeaddressed,sincethepoorareoftenexcluded.

4.单选题

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom()onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

问题1选项

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项configuration“配置;结构;外形”;B选项constitution“宪法;体制;构造;结构”;C选项condemnation“谴责;定罪;非难的理由”;D选项contamination“污染,玷污;污染物”。句意:如今《科学》杂志上有一篇论文认为,岩石中的有机化合物大多数来自地球本身的结构,而不是火星上的细菌。结合句意,B选项正确。

5.单选题

Themachineryhadbeenwreckedsoefficientlythatpoliceweresureitwasacaseof______.

问题1选项

A.vagabond

B.sabotage

C.paradox

D.tachyon

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.vagabond流浪者;无业游民B.sabotage蓄意破坏;刻意阻碍

C.paradox悖论,反论;似是而非的论点D.tachyon速子,超光束粒子

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】由前文关键信息“Themachineryhadbeenwreckedsoefficiently(机器被破坏得很厉害)”可推断这是蓄意而为,因此本题正确答案为B选项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】机器被毁坏得如此厉害,以致警方断定这是一起蓄意破坏事件。

6.写作题

Writea100—120-wordsummaryofthearticleinthispart.

【答案】Inthisexcerptfromanovel,theauthortellsthestoryofanewlymarriedcoupleonatraininTexas.Atthebeginning,theauthorgivesadetaileddescriptionofthecouple,whichshowsthattheyarenotrich.Byportrayingtheluxuriousfurnishingsinthetrain,theauthordemonstratestheincompatibilityofthecharacterswiththeirsurroundings.Theauthoralsomentionshowothershavemockedthecouple.Thearticleendswiththecouple'sexperienceinthediningcar,wheretheyfeelstressfulbyanordinarymealservedbyawaiter.Theprotagonist'sexperiencehighlightstheconflictbetweentheoldandthenew,thepoorandtherich.

7.单选题

Thesuspectgavea(

)explanationforhispresenceatthescene,sothepolicedecidedtolookelsewherefortheperpetratorofthecrime.

问题1选项

A.unbelievable

B.credible

C.insufficient

D.apologetic

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。unbelievable“不可信的,站不住脚的”;credible“可信的,可靠的”;insufficient“不充分的,不足的”;apologetic“道歉的,辩解的”;根据句意‘由于嫌疑人为自己在现场的出现做出了(

)解释,所以警察决定转向其它地方搜寻该犯罪的作案者。’确定B选项正确。

8.单选题

Itisnowonderthattheyalwayshold()hopeforthefuturebecausetheyareraisedinthegreenhouse.

问题1选项

A.exaggerated

B.amplified

C.extravagant

D.luxurious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:exaggerated“夸大的,言过其实的”;B:amplified“扩大;放大”;C:extravagant“过度的,过分的;浪费的”;D:luxurious“奢侈的”。句意:难怪他们总是对未来抱有夸大的希望,因为他们是在温室里长大的。结合语境,故A为正确答案。

9.单选题

Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness.

问题1选项

A.retarding

B.perusing

C.detaining

D.attaining

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项retard“延迟,阻止,妨碍”,B项peruse“详细考察,精读”,C项detain“拘留,留住,耽搁”,D项attain“达到,实现,获得”。由afun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappiness“充满乐趣、没有痛苦的生活等于幸福”,结合actually“实际上”可知,reducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness表示“减少获得真正幸福的机会”符合语境。句意:人们相信充满乐趣、没有痛苦的生活就等于幸福,这实际上减少了他们获得真正幸福的机会。因此,该题选择D项正确。

10.单选题

Themoretimescientistsspenddesigningcomputersthemoretheymarvelatthehumanbrain.Tasksthatbaffle(难住)themostadvancedsupercomputer—recognizingaface,readingahandwrittennote一arechild'splayforthe3-poundorgan.Mostimportant,unlikeanyconventionalcomputer,thebraincanlearnfromitsmistakes.Researchershavetriedforyearstoprogramcomputerstoimitatethebrain'sabilities,butwithoutsuccess.Nowagrowingnumberofdesignersbelievetheyhavetheanswer:ifacomputeristofunctionmorelikeapersonandlesslikeanover-growncalculatoritmustbebuiltmorelikeabrain,whichdistributesinformationacrossavastinterconnectedwebofnervecells,orneurons.

Conventionalcomputersfunctionbyfollowingachainlikesequenceofdetailedinstructions.Althoughveryfast,theirprocessorscanperformonlyonetaskatatime.Thisapproachworksbestinsolvingproblemsthatcanbebrokendownintosimplerlogicalpieces.Theprocessorsinaneural-networkcomputer,bycontrast,formanetworkmuchlikethenervecellsinthebrain.Sincetheseartificialneuronsareinterconnected,theycanshareinformationandperformtasksatthesametime.Thistwo-dimensionalapproachworksbestatrecognizingpatterns.

Insteadofprogramminganeural-networkcomputertomakedecisions,itsmakertrainsittorecognizepatternsinanysolutiontoaproblembyrepeatedlyfeedingexamplestothemachine.

Neuralnetworkscomeinallshapesandsizes.Untilnowmostexistedassoftwaresimulations(模拟品)becauseredesigningcomputerchipstookalotoftimeandmoney.Byexperimentingwithdifferentapproachesthroughsoftwareratherthanhardware,scientistshavebeenabletoavoidcostlymistakes.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatthemostadvancedsupercomputer().

2.WhatisNOTtrueofaconventionalcomputer?

3.Themainfeatureofaneural-networkcomputeristhat().

4.Theexpression"thistwo-dimensionalapproach"inthesecondparagraphrefersto().

5.Scientistsusesoftwareratherthanhardwareintheirexperimentsbecause().

问题1选项

A.canrecognizeafaceandreadahandwrittennote

B.canlearnfromitsmistakes

C.weighsonly3pounds

D.cannotdistributeinformationacrossaninterconnectedwebofnervecells

问题2选项

A.Itmustbeprogrammedbeforeitworks.

B.Itcanonlysolveoneproblematatime.

C.Itisgoodatsolvingoneproblematatime.

D.Itistrainedtorecognizepatternsinsteadofmakingdecisions.

问题3选项

A.itsprocessorsactasaninterconnectedwebofneurons

B.itisprogrammedtomakedecisions

C.itsnetworksareofallshapesandsizes

D.itsneuronsareartificial

问题4选项

A.theconventionalcomputerandtheneuralcomputer

B.makingdecisionsandrecognizingpatterns

C.sharinginformationandperformingtasks

D.thecomputerandthehumanbrain

问题5选项

A.itcanavoidredesigningcomputerchips

B.itcansavealotoftimeandmoney

C.itcanavoidmakingmistakes

D.itismorelikethehumanbrain

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句"ifacomputeristofunctionmorelikeapersonandlesslikeanover-growncalculatoritmustbebuiltmorelikeabrain,whichdistributesinformationacrossavastinterconnectedwebofnervecells,orneurons."可知选项D正确。

2.根据第三段的内容可知选项D指的是neural-networkcomputer而不是传统计算机。所以选项D正确。

3.根据第二段第四句"Theprocessorsinaneural-networkcomputer,bycontrast,formanetworkmuchlikethenervecellsinthebrain."相比之下,神经网络计算机中的处理器形成的网络很像大脑中的神经细胞。选项A符合原文。

4.根据第二段的最后两句可知,"thistwo-dimensionalapproach"指的是上文提到的shareinformationandperformtasks。所以选项C正确。

5.根据最后一段最后一句"Byexperimentingwithdifferentapproachesthroughsoftwareratherthanhardware,scientistshavebeenabletoavoidcostlymistakes."通过用软件而不是硬件来试验不同的方法,科学家已经能够避免代价高昂的错误。选项B符合原文。

11.单选题

Ifaman()himselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyacat,wecouldconsiderhimmad.

问题1选项

A.deprived

B.robbed

C.rejected

D.denied

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项deprive表示“使丧失,剥夺”,deprivesb.ofsth表示“从某人处剥夺某物”;B选项rob表示“抢劫,掠夺;非法剥夺”,robsbofsth表示“抢劫某人的某物;C选项reject表示“拒绝;排斥;抵制;丢弃”;D选项deny表示“否定,否认;拒绝给予”,denysb.sth表示“拒绝给予某人某物”。根据句意可知,如果一位男士为了买一只猫使得自己和家人没有食物可吃,那么我们会认为他发疯了。故A项deprive(使丧失,剥夺)最符合句意。因此,本题正确答案为A项。

12.单选题

Foxesandfarmershavenevergotonwell.Thesesmalldog-likeanimalshavelongbeenaccusedofkillingfarmanimals.Theyareofficiallyclassifiedasharmfulandfarmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem.

Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.Huntingconsistsofpursuingafoxacrossthecountryside,withagroupofspeciallytraineddogs,followedbymenandwomenridinghorses.Whenthedogseventuallycatchthefoxtheykillitorahuntershootsit.

Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport;theywearaspecialuniformofredcoatsandwhitetrousers,andfollowstrictcodesofbehavior.Butowningahorseandhuntingregularlyisexpensive,somosthuntersarewealthy.

Itisestimatedthatupto100,000peoplewatchortakepartinfoxhunting.Butoverthelastcoupleofdecadesthenumberofpeopleopposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal(残酷的),hasrisensharply.Nowadaysitisrareforahunttopassoffwithoutsomekindofconfrontation(冲突)betweenhuntersandhuntsaboteurs(阻拦者).Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox’ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.

Noisyconfrontationsbetweenhuntersandsaboteurshavebecomesocommonthattheyarealmostasmuchapartofhuntingasthepursuitoffoxesitself.Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.

1.RichpeopleinBritainhavebeenhuntingfoxes____________.

2.WhatisspecialaboutfoxhuntinginBritain?

3.Foxhuntingopponentsofteninterfereinthegame____________.

4.AnewlawmaybepassedbytheBritishParliamentto____________.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____________.

问题1选项

A.forrecreationC.tolimitthefoxpopulation

B.C.tolimitthefoxpopulationB.

C.tolimitthefoxpopulationB.intheinterestsofthefarmers

D.toshowofftheirwealth

问题2选项

A.Itinvolvestheuseofadeadlypoison.

B.Itisacostlyeventwhichrarelyoccurs.

C.Thehuntershavesetrulestofollow.

D.Thehuntershavetogothroughstricttraining.

问题3选项

A.byresortingtoviolence

B.byconfusingthefoxhunters

C.bytakinglegalaction

D.bydemonstratingonthescene

问题4选项

A.prohibitfarmersfromhuntingfoxes

B.forbidhuntingfoxeswithdogs

C.stophuntingwildanimalsinthecountryside

D.preventlarge—scalefoxhunting

问题5选项

A.killingfoxeswithpoisonisillegal

B.limitingthefoxpopulationisunnecessary

C.huntingfoxeswithdogsisconsideredcruelandviolent

D.fox-huntingoftenleadstoconfrontationbetweenthepoorandtherich

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport(参加打猎的人认为它是一项运动)和最后一句somosthuntersarewealthy(所以大多数猎人都很富有),可知在英国夫人猎狐是为了消遣,所以A选项“为了消遣”正确,D选项“炫耀他们的财富”错误。B选项“因为农民的利益”:文章没有提到富人和农民在猎狐方面的关系。C选项“限制狐狸数量”:根据第二段第一句Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.(农民也可以要求当地狩猎服务来控制狐狸的数量。),可知限制狐狸数量不是富人猎狐的目的,故错误。因此A选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.(如果法律通过,像狐狸这样的野生动物将受到英国禁令的保护)和第二句Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.(但今年,猎狐运动的支持者面临着更大的威胁),可知在英国,法律正在讨论猎狐运动的问题,对应C选项“猎人设定了要遵守的规则”这一选项,故正确。A选项“使用致命的毒药”:根据第一段最后一句farmers…shootingorpoisoningthem(农民们射杀或毒害它们),可知这是在各地的普遍的现象,不是英国特有,故错误。B选项“这花费高昂,很少发生”:文章提到猎户运动花费高昂,但没有说很少举办,另外农民猎狐花费不高,故错误。D选项“猎人必须经过严格的训练”:这是普遍现象,不止在英国,故错误。因此C选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox’ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.(有时这些猎狐行为引发暴力行为,但大多数对手会误导猎手,扰乱狗对狐狸气味的追踪,从而干扰狩猎。),猎手的对手通过误导猎手来干预比赛,所以B选项“迷惑猎狐者”正确。A选项“依靠暴力”:暴行是干预以后可能导致的结果。C选项“起诉”:通过法律途径看要不要继续猎狐运动不能在赛场干预对手,故错误。D选项“现场演示”:文章没有提及,故错误。因此B选项正确。

4.事实细节题。根据第五段第三句ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.(议会工党成员迈克•福斯特正试图使议会通过一项新法律,该法律将规定用狗捕猎野生动物为非法行为。),可知C选项“在乡下停止捕猎野生动物”正确。A选项“禁止农民猎狐”,B选项“禁止用狗猎狐”和D选项“禁止大规模猎狐”在这里没有提到,故错误。因此B选项正确。

5.语义推测题。A选项“用毒药杀死狐狸是违法的”:根据第五段第三句istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal(正试图使议会通过一项新法律,该法律将规定用狗捕猎野生动物为非法行为),文章提到禁止用狗捕猎野生动物的法律有可能通过,没有说毒死狐狸违法,故错误。B选项“不必限制狐狸的数量”:根据第一段最后一句farmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem(农民们试图通过射杀或毒害它们来减少它们的数量),农民捕杀狐狸以减少狐狸数量,没有提到不必要这样做,故错误。C选项“用狗打猎狐狸被认为是残忍和暴力的”:根据第四段第二句opposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal(许多人反对猎狐,因为他们认为这很残酷),猎狐是用狗猎狐,所以正确。D选项“猎狐经常导致穷人和富人之间的对抗”:在文章没有提到。因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

Theseillegalimmigrantshavetoworklonghoursadaydespitetheappallingworkingconditions.

问题1选项

A.bewildering

B.exasperating

C.dismaying

D.upsetting

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。appalling表示“可怕的,令人震惊的”;A项bewildering“使人困惑的”,B项exasperating“使人恼怒的”,C项dismaying“令人震惊的,令人惊恐的”,D项upsetting“令人心烦意乱的”。句意:尽管工作条件恶劣,这些非法移民每天还是得工作很长时间。根据句意可知,选择C项正确。

14.单选题

Amajoritytakencollectivelymayberegardedasabeingwhoseopinionsand,mostfrequently,whoseinterestsareopposedtothoseofanotherbeing,whichisstyledaminority.Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?Menarenotapttochangetheircharactersbyagglomeration;nordoestheirpatienceinthepresenceofobstaclesincreasewiththeconsciousnessoftheirstrength.Forthesereasonsweshouldnotwillinglyinvestanygroupofourfellowswiththatunlimitedauthoritywhichweshouldrefusetoanyindividual.

Onesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,butlibertyisendangeredwhenthispowerischeckedbynoobstacleswhichmayretarditscourseandforceittomoderateitsownvehemence.Unlimitedpowerisinitselfabadanddangerousthing,andnopoweronearthissoworthyofhonorforitselforofreverentialobediencetotherightswhichitrepresentsthatweshouldadmititsuncontrolledandall-predominantauthority.Whentherightandmeansofabsolutecommandareconferredonapeopleoraking,onanaristocracyorademocracy,amonarchyorarepublic,therehasbeenimplantedthegermoftyranny.

ThemainevilofthepresentdemocraticinstitutionsoftheUnitedStatesdoesnotarise,asisoftenassertedinEurope,fromtheirweakness,butfromtheiroverpoweringstrength;theexcessivelibertywhichreignsinthatcountryisnotsoalarmingasistheveryinadequatesecuritywhichexistsagainsttyranny.

WhenanindividualorapartyiswrongedintheUnitedStates,towhomcanheapplyforredress?Iftothepublicopinion,publicopinionconstitutesthemajority;iftothelegislature,itrepresentsthemajorityandimplicitlyobeysitsinjunctions;iftotheexecutivepower,itisappointedbythemajorityandremainsapassivetoolinitshands;thepublictroopsconsistofthemajorityunderarms;thejuryisthemajorityinvestedwiththerightofhearingjudicialcases,andincertainstateseventhejudgesareelectedbythemajority.Howeveriniquitousorabsurdtheevilcomplainedabout,nosurebarrierisestablishedtodefendagainstit.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

2.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

3.Theauthor’streatmentofthetopicofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas().

4.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith().

问题1选项

A.TheTyrannyoftheMajority

B.Democracy:TriumphofthePeople

C.AbusesofPower

D.TheFailureofDemocracyintheUnitedStates

问题2选项

A.Democracyisnogreaterdefenseagainsttyrannythanismonarchyoraristocracy.

B.Minorityrulewouldprobablybemoreresponsivetotheneedsofallpeoplethanmajorityrule.

C.Torenderitselfimmunetothegermoftyranny,theUnitedStatesshouldstrengthenitspoliticalinstitutions.

D.Sinceonesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,itisfutiletoprovidechecksandbalancesingovernment.

问题3选项

A.ironic

B.neutral

C.logical

D.irreverent

问题4选项

A.challengingacommonlyheldbelief

B.contrastingtwoopposingviews

C.advocatingacourseofaction

D.reconcilinganapparentconflict

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据文章第一段第二句,“Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?”,如果承认一个拥有绝对权力的人可能会滥用这种权力来冤枉他的对手,为什么大多数人在滥用他们权力的时候不会受到同样的指责呢?此句为文章的中心句,体现了文章的中心思想。下文继续提出我们不应该把我们应该拒绝给个人的绝对权力授予任何大多数派的人。可判断出最符合文章的主题与大多数派相关。选项A符合题意。

2.判断推理题。根据文章第二段最后一句,“Whentherightandmeansofabsolutecommandareconferredonapeopleoraking,onanaristocracyorademocracy,amonarchyorarepublic,therehasbeenimplantedthegermoftyranny.”,当绝对命令的权力授予一个民族或一个国王、一个贵族或一个民主、一个君主制或一个共和国时,就已经埋下了专制的种子。可判断出民主和君主制或贵族统治一样,也可能导致专制统治,选项A符合文意。文章中并没有提及少数人统治比多数人统治更令人满意,并未将二者进行比较,选项B不符合文意。根据第三段第一句,“ThemainevilofthepresentdemocraticinstitutionsoftheUnitedStatesdoesnotarise,asisoftenassertedinEurope,fromtheirweakness,butfromtheiroverpoweringstrength…”美国现行民主制度的主要弊端,并不像欧洲人常说的那样,来自于它们的软弱,而是来自于它们压倒一切的力量。可判断出文章并未提及美国需要加强政治制度来免受专制统治。选项C不符合文意。根据文章第二段第一句,“Onesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,butlibertyisendangeredwhenthispowerischeckedbynoobstacleswhichmayretarditscourseandforceittomoderateitsownvehemence.”,一种社会力量必须始终凌驾于其他力量之上,但如果这种力量不受任何阻碍,而使其激烈程度得不到缓和,自由就会受到威胁。可判断出虽然在社会中一种力量必须凌驾于其他力量之上,但是权力行使的激烈程度必须受到限制和阻碍,以免使自由受到威胁,所以权力制衡是有必要的。选项D不符合文意。

3.判断推理题。根据文章第一段第二句,“Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?”,如果承认一个拥有绝对权力的人可能会滥用这种权力来冤枉他的对手,为什么大多数人在滥用他们权力的时候不会受到同样的指责呢?此句为文章的中心句,体现了文章的中心思想。由个人权力推理到大多数派权力的行使,所以作者对话题的探讨是具有逻辑性的。选项C符合题意。

4.主旨大意题。文章第一段提到一个拥有绝对权力的个人会滥用权力来冤枉对手,那么拥有权力的大多数人在滥用权力时也应该受到责备。文章第二段继续指出当绝对命令的权力授予给一个民族或一个国王、一个贵族或一个民主、一个君主制或一个共和国时,就已经埋下了专制的种子。可判断出个人或大多数派统治对专制的防御都不会更好,对应文中提及的美国民主政治中存在的现象,所以作者在本文中在挑战一个普遍的信念。选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

Ina

fewdaysyou'llbe()byoneof

ourstaffandaskedtocompleteaquickquestionnaire.

问题1选项

A.touched

B.contacted

C.connected

D.associated

【答案】B

【解析】句意:几天内我们就会有员工联系你,让你做一份调查问卷。touch指触摸;contact指联系,接触;connect指相连;associate指使...关联。选项B正确。

16.单选题

Thefoxwatchedthem()fromthesafetyofanearbyfield.

问题1选项

A.goingpassed

B.togopass

C.goingpast

D.togopast

【答案】C

【解析】考查感官动词的搭配。感官动词watch后面需要接省略to的不定式,表示动作发生的过程已经结束。因此可排除CD选项,后接doing作宾语补足语时通常表示动作正在进行中或状态。句意:那只狐狸在旁边安全的地方看着他们经过。A选项passed是动词pass的过去式,而句中需要一个副词来修饰动词go,由此C选项的past作副词时表“经过”,符合句意,故选C。

17.单选题

Thosewerethesoldiers(

)tosavethetown.

问题1选项

A.whoseresponsibilitywas

B.inwhomtherewasaresponsibility

C.whosewastheresponsibility

D.fromwhomtheresponsibilitycame

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这些士兵的()是保卫城镇。根据句意答案选A;关系代词whose在定语从句中职能作状语,不能作主语,所以C选项错误;介词+whom/which在定语从句中一般作状语,D选项不符语法,B选项不符题意。而且responsibility一般不与in搭配。

18.单选题

Theguiltyverdictwaswidelyexpected,althoughharsherthanmanyhadpredicted.

问题1选项

A.jury

B.crime

C.convict

D.judgment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。verdict表示“结论,裁定”。A项jury“陪审团”,B项crime“罪行”,C项convict“罪犯”,D项judgment“意见,判断力”;句意:有罪判决是普遍预期的,尽管比许多人预期的要严厉。根据句意该题选D。

19.单选题

Agoodteacheralwaystriesto()studentstoaskquestion.

问题1选项

A.encourage

B.stimulate

C.needle

D.spread

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项encourage“鼓励,激励”。B选项stimulate“刺激,鼓舞”。C选项needle“刺激,故意招惹”。D选项spread“传播,伸展”。句意:一个好的老师总是鼓励学生去提问。本句表示“鼓励学生提问”。因此A选项符合题意。

20.单选题

Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive;theyweremuchmoreactivethanisnormal,chasingothersandfightingeachother.

问题1选项

A.hardlyactive

B.relativelyactive

C.extremelyinactive

D.pathologicallyactive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。hyperactive在句中是“过分活跃”,A选项hardlyactive“几乎不活跃”;B选项relativelyactive“相对活跃”extremelyinactive“极度不活跃”;D选项pathologicallyactive“病态性活跃”。只有D项最符合。句意:其他不占优势的男性则是过度活跃;他们比正常人活跃得多,追逐他人,互相争斗。根据各选项词义,选D。

21.单选题

Japan,whosepopulationisagingfasterthanthatofanyothernations,mayprovidealaboratoryforthechallengesthatdevelopedsocietieswillincreasinglyface.Suchchallenges(51)risingpensionandmedicalcostsandgreaterstress(52)ashrinkingnumberoffamilycaretakers,(53)toarecentstudypublishedbythePopulationReferenceBureau.Inc,inWashington,D.C.

TheproportionoftheJapanesepopulation(54)65andoverisexpectedto(55)thandoublebetween1985and2025,(56)from10%ofthetotalpopulationto23%,(57)todecreasingbirthanddeathrates.(58),Japan’selderlyhavebeenconsidered“honorableelders”who(59)aspecialplaceinthehome,accordingtoLindaG.Martin,authorof(60)NationalAcademyofSciences’CommitteeonPopulation.(61)theproportionofelderlylivingwiththeirchildren(62)from77%in1970to65%in1985.

Increased(63)ofmiddle-agedwomen,thetraditionalcaretakers(64)theelderly,meansthata(65)proportionofelderlyJapanesecan(66)uponcarebyfamilymembers.Theproportionofmarried(67)ofchildbearingageplanningtodependontheir(68)forsupportinold(69)decreasedfrom55%in1950to18%in1988.(70)wheresuchcareisprovided,thereissomeevidenceofconsiderablefamilystressandpoorqualityofcare.

问题1选项

A.insert

B.include

C.enclose

D.hide

问题2选项

A.to

B.in

C.on

D.into

问题3选项

A.according

B.due

C.previous

D.thanks

问题4选项

A.age

/

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