考研考博-英语-广东工程职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东工程职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

“Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey’re18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,”sayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Today,unexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents.“Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,”declaredsociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesternUniversitywhoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmonths.

Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrising,aconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.

Livingathome,saysKnighton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,“It’sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.”Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.Somefamilies,however,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimesandleftthreetimes.“WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholproblem,”sheexplains.“HeneverlikedanyoneIdated,soIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends’houses.”

Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Children,strugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith“asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedom,findthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S.（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest?

3.Oneofthedisadvantagesforyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?

问题1选项

A.foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentsandliveindependently

B.formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparents

C.formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsence

D.foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparents

问题2选项

A.Youngadultsfindhousingcoststoohigh.

B.Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature.

C.Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.

D.Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools.

问题3选项

A.therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylife

B.mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeepabiggerfamilygoing

C.theyoungadultstendtobeoverprotectedbytheirparents

D.publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparents

问题4选项

A.Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpenses.

B.Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrownup.

C.Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.

D.Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S.______.1.作者认为，在美国，______曾经是一种趋势。

A.foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentsandliveindependentlyA.年轻人离开父母独立生活

B.formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparentsB.让中产阶级年轻人和父母住在一起

C.formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsenceC.已婚青年在长时间离家后搬回家住

D.foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyinordertolivewiththeirparentsD.年轻人为了和父母住在一起而在附近找工作

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第一段的第一句“有一种毫无意义的观念认为孩子们长大后会在18岁时离开家（Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey’re18）……”可推断，美国以前的观念认为孩子们长大后，会在18岁时离开家，A项“年轻人离开父母独立生活”符合这一分析。故该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B项“让中产阶级年轻人和父母住在一起”和C项“已婚青年在长时间离家后搬回家住”是现在的趋势，而不是过去的趋势，属于反向干扰；

D项“年轻人为了和父母住在一起而在附近找工作”没有提及，属于无中生有。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest?2.以下哪项不能解释年轻人返巢的情况？

A.Youngadultsfindhousingcoststoohigh.A.年轻人发现住房成本太高。

B.Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature.B.年轻人在心理和智力上都不成熟。

C.Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.C.年轻人寻求父母的安慰和精神支持。

D.Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools.D.相当多的年轻人在当地上学。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段，该段讲述了年轻人返巢的各种原因：结婚年龄在上升，这使得家庭及其温馨对年轻人特别有吸引力。高离婚率和不断下降的再婚率正把经济拮据、感情受到伤害的幸存者送回父母的避难所。对一些人来说，离家上大学的费用太大了，以至于许多学生现在在当地上学。即使在毕业后，年轻人也发现他们的翅膀被飞涨的房价所束缚。理解可知，年轻人返巢的原因包括结婚年龄的上升、寻求父母的安慰、在当地上学以及住房成本高，只有B项“年轻人在心理和智力上都不成熟”在文中没有提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“年轻人发现住房成本太高”、C项“年轻人寻求父母的安慰和精神支持”和D项“相当多的年轻人在当地上学”根据解题思路可知，符合原文，属于反向干扰。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Oneofthedisadvantagesforyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat______.3.对于回到父母家的年轻人来说，其中一个缺点是______。

A.therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylifeA.在日常生活中难免会有不便

B.mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeepabiggerfamilygoingB.大多数父母发现维持一个大家庭很难

C.theyoungadultstendtobeoverprotectedbytheirparentsC.年轻人往往受到父母的过度保护

D.publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparentsD.公众舆论反对年轻人和父母住在一起

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第三段第三和第四句“共享家庭需要所有人做出调整。还有关于浴室、电话和隐私的争论。”，从中可知，年轻人和父母住在一起，日常生活中难免会有不便之处，A项符合题意，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B项“大多数父母发现维持一个大家庭很难”、C项“年轻人往往受到父母的过度保护”和D项“公众舆论反对年轻人和父母住在一起”在原文中都没有提及，属于无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?4.根据文章，什么对父母和孩子都最好？

A.Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpenses.A.他们应该调整自己以分担家庭开支。

B.Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrownup.B.孩子们长大后应该离开父母。

C.Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.C.成年子女应该时不时地去看望父母。

D.Parentsshouldsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.D.当成年子女有困难时，父母应该支持他们。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干可以定位至最后一段的内容：大多数心理学家认为长时间待在家里是个错误。努力独立的孩子们，最终可能会有“一种不足感、挫败感和失败感”。年迈的父母本应享受一些经济和个人自由，却发现自己被责任困住了。然而，许多人同意，短暂的拜访可能会产生有益的效果（Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially）。从中我们可以知道，长时间待在家里对孩子和父母都有不利因素，短暂的拜访反倒益处更多，所以C项“成年子女应该时不时地去看望父母”是对父母和孩子都好的一种办法。故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】

A项“他们应该调整自己以分担家庭开支”，根据解题思路可知，孩子们即使帮父母分担了家庭开支，父母还是失去了个人的自由，该项与原文不符，属于曲解原文；

B项“孩子们长大后应该离开父母”和D项“当成年子女有困难时，父母应该支持他们”没有提到。

2.单选题

Thetwinbrothersshowedgreat（）totheirstepsister,whohadactedasamothertothemformanyyears.

问题1选项

A.compliance

B.devotion

C.subjection

D.allegiance

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这对孪生兄弟对多年来一直担任着母亲角色的异胞姐姐表现出极大的忠诚。

考查名词辨析。compliance顺从，服从；devotion忠诚，挚爱，信仰，崇拜；subjection隶属，服从，征服；allegiance效忠，忠诚。故B符合句意。

3.单选题

Somecinema-goersinLeipzigevenconfessedthatthefilmhadmadethemfeelemotionalandslightly（

）fortheirrecentpast.

问题1选项

A.nostalgic

B.instinctive

C.intuitive

D.mirthful

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。A选项“乡愁的，怀旧的”；B选项“本能的，天生的，直觉的”;C选项“直觉的”;D选项“愉快的，高兴的”；根据关键词emotional和theirrecentpast以及句意‘莱比锡的一些电影观众甚至承认，这部电影触动了他们的情感，有点怀念他们的过去’确定A选项正确。

4.单选题

Thisisnottheright（）toaskformyhelp;Iamfartoobusyeventolisten.

问题1选项

A.time

B.opportunity

C.chance

D.case

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这不是向我寻求帮助的恰当吋机，我太忙了，甚至没时间倾听。

考查固定搭配。itistherighttimetodosth.是做某事的恰当时机。故选A。

5.单选题

Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggested（

）atthenexttown.

问题1选项

A.tostop

B.stopping

C.stop

D.havingstopped

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配题。suggestdoingsth.为固定用法，表示“建议做某事”，B选项正确。

6.单选题

LastSundayshecametovisitusoutoftheblue.Theitalicizedphrasemeans（）.

问题1选项

A.unexpectedly

B.unhappily

C.untidily

D.unofficially

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项unexpectedly“出乎意料地；意外地”；B选项unhappily“不幸地；遗憾地”；C选项untidily“不整洁地；凌乱地”；D选项unofficially“非正式地；非公认地”。句意：上星期天她突然来看我们。这个斜体短语的意思是……。outoftheblue“突然地，意外地”，与A选项词义相符。

7.单选题

Therewerebitterdisputesoverpatentrightsduringtheearlyyearsofthemotionpictureindustry.

问题1选项

A.scandals

B.disappointment

C.strikes

D.disagreements

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。dispute表示“争议”。A项scandal“丑闻，流言蜚语”，B项disappointment“失望，沮丧”，C项strike“罢工，抗拒”，D项disagreement“不一致，争论”；句意：在电影工业的早期，有过关于专利权的激烈争论。根据句意该题选D。

8.单选题

Naturally,inagroupofanimalsasdiverseasthesnakes,andwithsomanyvariedenemies,therearenumerousdefensivereactionsanddevices.Thereis,however,onegeneralpatternofbehavior,inthepresenceofasuspectedenemythefirstreactionistotrytoescapeobservation;ifthisfails,thenextresortisflighttosomeinaccessibleretreat,butifthisisnotpossible,oriscircumvented,variouskindsofintimidatorygesturesandwarningdevicesarebroughtintoplay;inthelastresortthesnakeattacks.Thispatternvarieswiththecircumstances;somestagesmaybeomittedorcombinedunpredictablywhilst;somenotoriouslyirasciblespeciesmaydispensewithallthepreliminariesandattackalmostatonce,thoughseldomorneverwithoutsomeprovocation.

Amongstthefactorsthatincreaseaggressivenessarehunger,thematingseasonandsurprise,withthelastmentionedthecommonest;whenhuntingforfoodorformates,activityandtheaggressiveinstinctarebothattheirpeak,butitiswhenitiscaughtunawaresthatthenormalchainofre-actionstendstobecometelescoped.Owingtotheirpoorsenseofhearing,snakesareveryliabletobe,quiteliterally,caughtnappingandasimilarsituationarisesduringtheirperiodsoftemporaryblindnessjustbeforesloughingbegins.Byfarthegreatestnumberofsnake-biteaccidentsresultfromtheunwittingdisturbanceofrestingsnakes,andthishazardismuchincreasedwithspeciesthatarewellcamouflagedandwhosenaturalinstinctistotrusttothisconcealmentastheirprincipaldefense.Aswellasdifferencesinaggressivenessbetweenindividualsofthesamespeciesaccordingtothecircumstancesandconditions,therearealsonotabledifferencesbetweenspecies,evencloselyalliedspecies;andthereportsofthosewhohavebeenattackedmayunderstandablybelackinginobjectivity.Soitisimpossibletoforecast,eveninoutline,howanyencounterwilldevelop.

TheHamadryad,forexample,isusuallycreditedwithbeingamongstthemostaggressiveofsnakes,andtherearemanyaccountsofunprovokedattacks,yetononeoccasionfourteenmenandsevendogspassedandreturnedwithintwoyardsfromanestandnosnakewasseenalthoughthefemale,whichguardsthenest,couldnothavebeenfaraway.

1.Whenasnakemeetsapotentialenemy,itsprimarydeviceis（）.

2.By“dispensewithallthepreliminaries”(thelastsentence,Para.l.),theauthormostprobablymeansthat（）.

3.Asnakeismostaggressivewhen（）.

4.Itisdifficulttopredictwhatwouldhappenwhenasnakemeetsamanbecause（）.

5.Theauthorusestheexampleinthelastparagraphtosupporthisideathat（）.

问题1选项

A.avoidinganyobservation

B.findingasafeshelter

C.givingawarningthreat

D.startingaquick

问题2选项

A.thesnakescombineallthepreviousthreesteps.

B.thesnakesgiveupalltheprevioussteps.

C.thesnakesfollowallthepreviousstepsonebyone.

D.thesnakesreversetheorderofalltheprevioussteps.

问题3选项

A.itmeetsapossibleenemy

B.itiscaughtwhenitissleepingorsloughing

C.itisdisturbedunknowingly

D.itseeksapartnerinthematingseason

问题4选项

A.noonehaseverclearlyknownhowhehimselfwasbit

B.mantendstobesubjectivewhenhedescribeshisencounterwithasnake

C.theaggressivenessofthesnakesdiversifiesaccordingtodifferentsituations

D.asnakedoesnotbegintoattackwithoutprovocation

问题5选项

A.snakesdonotbegintheaggressiveactifitisnotdisturbed

B.somesnakesaremoreaggressiveandmorereadytoattack

C.itishardtoforecastwhetherandhowsnakeswouldattack

D.snakesoftenconcealthemselvesastheirprincipaldefense

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。定位到文章第一段，“inthepresenceofsuspectedenemythefirstreactionistotrytoescapeobservation”，在可疑的敌人面前，第一反应是设法逃过观察。由此可知蛇第一装置是逃避任何的观察，因此选项A正确。

2.事实细节题。定位到文章最后一段，“somestagesmaybeomittedorcombinedunpredictablywhilst;somenotoriouslyirasciblespeciesmaydispensewithallthepreliminariesandattackalmostatonce”，一些阶段可能被省略或合并不可预测，而一些臭名昭著的暴躁物种可能免除所有的准备，几乎一下子攻击。由此可知，蛇会放弃所有步骤直接攻击。因此选项B正确。

3.推理判断题。定位到文章第二段，“whenhuntingforfoodorformates,activityandtheaggressiveinstinctarebothattheirpeak.”当寻找食物或配偶时，活跃性和攻击性的本能都达到了顶峰，因此选项D符合题意。

4.推理判断题。定位到文章第二段，“Aswellasdifferencesinaggressivenessbetweenindividualsofthesamespeciesaccordingtothecircumstancesandconditions,therearealsonotabledifferencesbetweenspecies,evencloselyalliedspecies”除了同一物种的个体在攻击能力上因环境和条件的不同而存在差异外，物种之间，甚至亲缘关系密切的物种之间也存在显著差异。由此可知，蛇应对不同的情况会呈现出不同的应对反应，因此蛇遇见人而做出的反应是难以预测的。选项C正确。

5.推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段，“yetononeoccasionfourteenmenandsevendogspassedandreturnedwithintwoyardsfromanestandnosnakewasseenalthoughthefemale,whichguardsthenest,couldnothavebeenfaraway”，但有一次，14个人和7条狗在离一个巢穴两码的地方经过并返回，尽管雌蛇没有出现。守护鸟巢的鸟儿，不可能离得太远。由此可知蛇没有被打扰是不会进行应激行为的。因此选项A正确。

9.单选题

Salasisoneof13,000KingCountyemployeeswhowillbeaskedtoconfidentially_______whetherthey'reoverweight,smokeorengageinotherhealth-relatedvices.

问题1选项

A.dement

B.divulge

C.retaliate

D.disservice

【答案】B

【解析】dement使发狂;divulge泄露,暴露;retaliate报复;disservice伤害,虐待。句意：萨拉斯是国王郡1.3万名雇员之一,他们将被要求私下透露自己是否超重、是否吸烟或是否有其他与健康有关的恶习。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Thereisno（）evidencethatthediplomaticrelationswillberestoredtonormalbetweenthesetwocountries.

问题1选项

A.tangible

B.touchable

C.noticeable

D.inevitable

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。tangible“切实的”；touchable“可触摸的”；noticeable“显著的”；inevitable“不可避免的”。句意：没有确凿的证据证明这两个国家之间的关系将恢复正常。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Oneoftheaimsofteachingscienceis,throughlearning,toenablestudentstodevelopacompletepersonalitybycreativity,honesty,eagernesstoacquireknowledge,freedomofspeechandthought,andcriticalassessment.Thisisanambitiousaimwhichweunfortunately,rarelyconsider.Duringteachingwedevoteourattentionmoretothecontentthantotheaims.Wethusseethatscienceisoneoftheschoolsubjectsleastfavoredbystudents.

Theemotionalelementsofmusic,dancing,painting,poetryanddramahaveastrongimpactonstudents.Forsciencetoevokethesamefeelings,itshouldbetaughtwiththehelpoftheexpressivearts.Unliketraditionaldidacticapproaches,dramaalsooffersasynthesisofvisual,kineticandauditoryexperiences,apartfromtheunderstandingoffactsandfiguresasaresultofrationalandanalyticalperception.Dramaandotherartisticactivitiescanassistinreachingthecognitivegoalsofthecurriculum,astheyareeffectivemeansofmotivation.Isn’tthereabetterchancethatstudentswhohavedevelopedaloveforsciencewilllearnitmoreeasily?Sciencetoocanbeaesthetic,creativeandemotional.

Byusingdramatechniques,wefacilitatecollaborationbetweentheleftandrighthemispheresofthebrain,whereastraditionaltechniquesofteachingsciencestressonlytheuseofabilitiesfoundintheleftofhemispheres—thatis,theanalyticalperceptionofscientificnotionsandphenomena.Weallowstudentstoengageinthelearningprocessasfullpersonalitieswithalltheirknowledgeandabilities.Thuswedevelopnotonlylogicalandmathematicalintelligence,butalsoawiderspectrumofthestudents’abilities.Ourtraditionalexperienceislargelybasedonalinearperceptionofthesubject.Asstudents,wehavenotbeenusedtodevelopingwaysofcreativeandintuitivethinking,especiallyinsciencesubjects.Thisiswhycombiningexpressiveartswithscienceisacceptedwithdifficultybymany.

Whenusingdramainteachingscience,wemeetparadoxeswhichcan,ontheonehand,maketheuseofdramaunsuccessful,andontheotherhand,enableknowledgeofsciencetobeintegratedintosocietyandsocialphenomenathatislifeingeneral.Scienceistaughtonthebasisofscientificdiscoveries——lawsandexplanationsofphenomenawhichareclearlydefinedandallownoindividualorsociologicalinterpretations.Stealingawallet,forexample,willbeinterpretedassomethingnegativebytheownerandsomethingpositivebythepickpocket.Dramabroadensourimagination,scienceissaidtonarrowit.Whenobservingtraditionaldidacticformsofteachingscience,weseethatstudentsarerequiredtounderstandveryabstractnotions.Thenotionoftheatomorthemoleculeisdemonstratedbyconcretemeansincludingsymbols,varioustypesofatomandmoleculemodels,sketches,experiments,photographsandanimatedfilms.Thesehelpstudentstodeveloptheirimaginationandconceptionswhich,can,individually,beverydifferentdespitethefactthattheywerealltaughtwiththesametechniquesandmaterials.

Thesedifferencesarisefromthedifferencesinstudents，personalities.Wemusttakeintoaccountthatstudentshavedifferentsensoryabilities.Theyreceiveinformationthroughvisual,auditoryandkineticchannelsofperceptionwithdifferentintensity.Theyalsohavedifferentintellectualabilities.Thusitiseasyforsomestudentstologicallycombinescientificphenomenaorvisualizewhatthelatterlookslike.

1.Thefactthatstudentsdislikescienceclassisbecausescienceclasses（

）.

2.Inordertomotivatestudentsinscienceclass,shouldbeemployed

（

）.

3.Asuitabletitleofthepassagecanbe

（

）.

4.Theresearcher’saimisto

（

）.

5.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisCORRECT?

问题1选项

A.developstudents’personalitybycreativity

B.don’thavefreedomofspeech

C.concentratemoreonknowledgethanthedevelopmentofpersonality

D.concentratemoreonfactsthancriticalassessment

问题2选项

A.visualexperience

B.Kinetic

C.analyticalperception

D.expressivearts

问题3选项

A.TeachScienceThroughDrama

B.DevelopStudents’Imagination

C.ExpressiveArtsintheScienceClassroom

D.CreativeWaysofTeachingScience

问题4选项

A.facilitatestudents'learningbystimulatinganemotionalresponse

B.usedramatoteachscience

C.developstudents’knowledgeandabilitiesthroughreview

D.makeiteasierforstudentstounderstandsomeabstractconcepts

问题5选项

A.Traditionalteachingmethodsexpectstudentstoloveabstractconcepts.

B.Thenewapproachtoteachingdoesn'tteachabstractconcepts.

C.Thenewapproachaddressesmanydifferentlearningstyles.

D.Didacticmethodsteachknowledge,notability.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段的最后两句话Duringteachingwedevoteourattentionmoretothecontentthantotheaims.Wethusseethatscienceisoneoftheschoolsubjectsleastfavoredbystudents(在进行科学知识教学吋，我们把重点放在了科学知识的内容上而不是教学目的上。因此我们可以看到科学知识课程成了最不受学生喜欢的课程之一)，可知学生不喜欢科学知识课程的原因是课程把重点放在了科学知识内容上而不是教学目的上，即选项C”更多地关注知识本身而不是个性的发展”。

2.细节事实题。根掘文章第二段中的Theemotionalelementsofmusic,dancing,painting,poetryanddramahaveastrongimpactonstudents.Forsciencetoevokethesamefeelings,itshouldbetaughtwiththehelpoftheexpressivearts(音乐、舞蹈、绘画、诗歌和戏剧中的情感因素对学生产生了很大的影响。如科学知识课程想要产生相同的影响，则需要借助于艺术表达)以及其中的关键词withthehelpoftheexpressivearts可知答案选项为D项。

3.主旨大意题。分析文章大意可知，文章首先提出了科学知识教学中学生觉得无聊的问题，后介绍了一种新的科学知识授课方法：戏剧法，其目的是培养学生学习科学知识的兴趣，戏剧教学手段是一种突破传统的创新尝试。选项A“通过戏剧教授科学知识”，文章中说的是在科学知识的教学中引用戏剧法而非直接通过戏剧教授科学知识，选项A属于偷换概念；选项B“培养学生的想象力”是教授科学知识的目的之一，不能作为文章的标题；选项C“科学知识课程中的表达艺术”也只是文章的具体内容不具有概括性；选项D“新的科学知识教学方法”是对文章内容的概括，故答案选项为D。

4.判断推理题。根据文章第二段中的起承上启下作用的句子Isn’tthereabetterchancethatstudentswhohavedevelopedaloveforsciencewilllearnitmoreeasily?Sciencetoocanbeaesthetic,creativeandemotional.“难道没有什么办法能让已经对科学知识产生兴趣的学生更加容易地去理解掌握科学知识吗？科学知识也是可以具有美学特点、具有创造性且具有情感因素的”可知研究的目的是为了让学生更加容易地去理解一些抽象的概念，故答案选项为D。

5.判断推理题。选项A“传统的教学方法期望学生能够喜欢抽象的概念”没有在文章中提及；选项B“新的教学方法不教授抽象的概念”，根据文章对戏剧法的介绍可知新的教学方法是为了让学生更加容易地理解抽象的概念，故选项B错误；选项D“戏剧技巧教授的是知识而不是能力”，注重教授知识而非能力是传统科学知识教授方法的特点，故选项D错误；因此选C“新的教学方法引出了许多不同的学习模式”。

12.不定项选择题

NodoubtyouknowseveralfolkswithperfectlyrespectableIQswhorepeatedlymakepoordecisions.Thebehaviorofsuchpeopletellsusthatwearemissingsomethingimportantbytreatingintelligenceasifitencompassedallcognitiveabilities.Icoinedtheterm“dysrationalia”,meaningtheinabilitytothinkandbehaverationallydespitehavingadequateintelligence,todrawattentiontoalargedomainofcognitivelifethatintelligencetestsfailtoassess.AlthoughmostpeoplerecognizethatIQtestsdonotmeasureeveryimportantmentalfaculty,webehaveasiftheydo.Wehaveanimplicitassumptionthatintelligenceandrationalitygotogether—orelsewhywouldwebesosurprisedwhensmartpeopledofoolishthings?

IQtestsdonotmeasuredysrationalia,buttherearewaystomeasuredysrationaliaandwaystocorrectit.Decadesofresearchincognitivepsychologyhavesuggestedtwocausesofdysrationalia.Oneisaprocessingproblem,theotheracontentproblem.Muchisknownaboutbothofthem.

Theprocessingproblemcomesaboutbecausewetendtobecognitivemisers.Whenapproachingaproblem,wecanchoosefromanyofseveralcognitivemechanisms.Somemechanismshavegreatcomputationalpower,lettingussolvemanyproblemswithgreataccuracy,buttheyareslow,requiremuchconcentrationandcaninterferewithothercognitivetasks.Othersarecomparativelylowincomputationalpower,buttheyarefast,requirelittleconcentrationanddonotinterferewithotherongoingcognition.Humansarecognitivemisersbecauseourbasictendencyistodefaulttotheprocessingmechanismsthatrequirelesscomputationaleffort,evenwhentheyarelessaccurate.

Thesecondsourceofdysrationaliaisacontentproblem.Weneedtoacquirespecificknowledgetothinkandactrationally.HarvardcognitivescientistDavidPerkinscoinedtheterm“mindware”torefertotherules,data,procedures,strategiesandothercognitivetools(knowledgeofprobability,logicandscientificinference)thatmustberetrievedfrommemorytothinkrationally.Theabsenceofthisknowledgecreatesamindwaregap—again,somethingthatisnottestedontypicalintelligencetests.

Mygoalinproposingtheterm“dysrationalia”istoseparateintelligencefromrationality,atraitthatIQtestsdonotmeasure.Theconceptofdysrationalia,andtheempiricalevidenceindicatingthattheconditionisnotrare,shouldhelpcreateaconceptualspaceinwhichwevalueabilitiesatleastasimportantasthosecurrentlymeasuredinIQtests.

60.Peoplewith“dysrationalia”often________.

61.TheauthorbelievesthatIQtests________.

62.Onecauseofdysrationaliaisthat________.

63.AccordingtoDavidPerkins,“mindware”means________.

64.Theauthorcoinedtheterm“dysrationalia”inorderto________.

65.Anappropriatetitleofthispassagecouldbe________.

问题1选项

A.showlittlerespecttoothers

B.performpoorlyinIQtests

C.makeirrationaldecisions

D.displayunacceptablebehavior

问题2选项

A.failtoidentifywhysmartpeoplemakepoordecisions

B.neglecttotreatintelligenceasanoverallability

C.cannotexplainwhyintelligentpeopledothingswisely

D.arenotaccurateenoughtomeasurepeople’sintelligence

问题3选项

A.therearetoomanycognitivemechanismstochoose

B.humanbeingstendtouselesscomputationalpower

C.somecognitivemechanismsdonotworkeffectively

D.peoplefocusmoreonaccuracyinproblemsolving

问题4选项

A.specificknowledgepeopleneedtothinkrationally

B.commonsensepeoplene