考研考博-英语-广东技术师范大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东技术师范大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

YouandIagreetomeetatfour-thirty,Ishowupat4:33.Idon’tsayanything,becausethat’scloseenoughtosatisfyoursocialcontract.Onlyafterfiveminutesdoyouexpectmetosay,“Sorry,I’mlate.”AttenminutesIoweyouanexplanation,“Thefreewayexitwasclosed.Ihadtogofourmilesoutofmyway.”AftertwentyminutesIhavetomakeafullandseriousapology.AfterfortyminutesI’dbetternotshowupatall.

Thatsortofthing—formallyobservedandneverexplicitlystated—drivespeoplefromotherculturescrazy.Anthropologistslistthetoughestthingstocopewithinaforeignland.Secondonlytolanguageisthewaywedealwithtime.

Nowpsychologistslookatourviewoftimeanotherway.Theygointoseveralcountriesandmeasurethepaceoflife.Theymeasuretheaccuracyofbankclocksandhowfastcitydwellerswalk.Theytimetransactionsinbanksandpostoffices.Theyseehowlongpeoplelaketoanswerquestions.

Japanesekeepthefastestpace.Americansareaclosesecond.ItaliansandIndonesiansareatthebottomofthelist.Italiansgivelonganswerstoyourquestions.Indonesiansdon’tgiveafigaboutstingtheirbankclocks.AmongAmericancities,BostonandKansasCityarefastest.NewYorkisupthere,ofcourse,butwekeepafasterpacehereinHouston.California’s“laidback”reputationisdeserved.TheslowestpaceofalliskeptinLosAngeles.

Finally,welookatheartdisease.That’stricky,becauseotherfactorsareinvolved.Ourheart’sgreatestenemyistobacco.Butheartdiseasealsocorrelateswiththepacewekeep.Smokerswhodrivethemselvesarereallyaskingforit.

Nowit’s4:55.I’mstrolling,unhurriedtowardour4:30meeting.I’mthinkingsomethingaboutIsaacWatts,theEnglishpoet,wrote:

Time,whatanemptyvapouritis;

Anddayshowswifttheyare!

SwiftasanIndianarrowflies,

Orlikeashootingstar.

Thattensionsoaksthroughourviewoftime.Canweseetimeasanemptyvapor?Ordoourtechnologiesdefinetimeandbindustoin?Inatechnology-denseworld,wetoooftenlettimeturnintoanIndianarrow—oneaimedatourheart.

Sotheclockticks,andweask:Istimeanarrowwemustdodgeorvaporwecanignore?Ifwe’resmart,welivebytheclockonlywhenwehaveto.Otherwise,wesitbackandplay.Weknowhowtolettinebeonlyvapor,afterall.

1.InAmericayouhavetoapologizesincerelyifyouare________.

2.Weknowfromthepassagethat________.

3.IntheUnitedStates,thepaceoflifeisquiterelaxedin________.

4.Whichsentencecorrectlyrestates“Smokerswhodrivethemselvesarereallyrallyaskingforit”?

5.Whattheauthorwantstotellusisthat________.

问题1选项

A.5minuteslate

B.20minuteslate

C.40minuteslate

D.10minuteslate

问题2选项

A.Indonesiansdonotmeasuretheaccuracyofbankclocks

B.Japanesekeepafairlyfastpace

C.thepaceoflifeinAmericaisthefastest

D.Italianslaketheirtimeindoingthings

问题3选项

A.California

B.Houston

C.LosAngeles

D.NewYork

问题4选项

A.Smokersshouldnotdrivecarsbecausetheygetintoaccidentseasily.

B.Smokerswhohaveheartdiseaseshouldnotdrivethemselves.

C.Smokerswhoworktoohardwillsoonfindthemselvesdownwithhearttrouble.

D.Smokerswhodrivetheirowncarsarereallyaskingfortrouble.

问题5选项

A.peoplewithhearttroubleshouldnotsmoke

B.timeisdangerousinthatitislikeanarrowaimedatourhearts

C.livingbytheclockinourtechnology-denseworldcouldbefatal

D.weshouldavoidhavingeverymomentofourliferuledbytheclock

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段AftertwentyminutesIhavetomakeafullandseriousapology.AfterfortyminutesI’dbetternotshowupatall.（在迟到20分钟后，我必须真诚道歉。在迟到40分钟后，我最好不露面。），所以B选项“迟到20分钟”正确。A选项“迟到5分钟”对应文章第一段，此处提到在迟到五分钟后，我应该说“对不起，我来迟了”，与题干不符，属于出处错位；C选项“迟到40分钟”对应第二段“迟到40分钟后，我最好不露面”，与题干意思不符，属于出处错位；D选项“迟到10分钟”对应第二段“在迟到10分钟后，我欠你一个解释”，与题干意思不符，属于出处错位。因此B选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段Japanesekeepthefastestpace.Americansareaclosesecond.ItaliansandIndonesiansareatthebottomofthelist.Italiansgivelonganswerstoyourquestions.Indonesiansdon’tgiveafigaboutsettingtheirbankclocks.（日本人回答问题的速度最快。美国人紧随其后。意大利人和印尼人排在最后。意大利人对你的问题回答很长。印尼人对设置银行时钟毫不在意。），由日本人回答问题的速度可推断出日本人的生活节奏很快，所以B选项“日本人的节奏相当快”正确。A选项“印度尼西亚人不会测量银行时钟的准确性”说法错误，此处只提到印度尼西亚人对银行设置的时钟不理会，并没有提到时钟的准确性测量，属于曲解原文；C选项“美国的生活节奏是最快的”说法错误，此处说到日本的生活节奏最快，美国第二，属于反向干扰；D选项“意大利人做事很费时”说法错误，此处只提到意大利人在银行回答问题的答案很长，并不意味着他们做所有的事情都费时，属于曲解原文。因此B选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段AmongAmericancities,BostonandKansasCityarefastest.NewYorkisupthere,ofcourse,butwekeepafasterpacehereinHouston.California’s“laid-back”reputationisdeserved.TheslowestpaceofalliskeptinLosAngeles.（在美国城市中，波士顿和堪萨斯城的生活节奏是最快的。当然，纽约在这方面一直领先，但休斯敦的节奏比纽约更快。加利福利亚“悠闲”的名声当之无愧。最慢的是洛杉矶。），由此可知洛杉矶是美国生活节奏最轻松的，所以C选项“洛杉矶”正确。A选项“加利福利亚”，虽然此处提到了加利福利亚的生活很轻松，但不是最轻松的，故不选，属于出处错位；B选项“休斯顿”，此处说到纽约的生活节奏一直很快，休斯顿比纽约更快一点，而题干中问的是生活最轻松的地方，故B选项和D选项“纽约”都不选，属于反向干扰。因此C选项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第五段Finally,welookatheartdisease.That’stricky,becauseotherfactorsareinvolved.Ourheart’sgreatestenemyistobacco.Butheartdiseasealsocorrelateswiththepacewekeep.Smokerswhodrivethemselvesarereallyaskingforit.（最后，我们来看看心脏病。这很棘手，因为还涉及到其他因素。我们心中最大的敌人是烟草。但心脏病也与我们保持的节奏有关。自己开车的吸烟者真的是自找麻烦），由此可推断出患有心脏病的吸烟者不应该自己开车，所以B选项“患有心脏病的吸烟者不应该自己开车”正确。A选项“吸烟者不应该开车，因为他们很容易出事故”和D选项“自己开车的烟民真是自找麻烦”此处都有提到，但是吸烟者开车并不会有什么危险，除非他患有心脏病，A、D选项都没有体现这一点，属于曲解原文；C选项“努力工作的吸烟者很快就会发现自己患有心脏病”文章并没有明确提到，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。

5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章最后两段尤其最后一段的第二句Ifwe’resmart,welivebytheclockonlywhenwehaveto.（如果我们够聪明，我们只会在必要的时候按时间行事。），结合文章可知作者把时间比喻成蒸汽和指向我们心脏的利箭，但其实患心脏病也与生活节奏有关，所以可以推断作者认为生活节奏快对身体健康是不利的，我们的生活不应该完全受时间掌控，所以D选项“我们应该避免让时钟主宰我们生活的每一刻”正确。A选项“患有心脏病的人不应该吸烟”对应文章五段，文章只在该段提到了吸烟对心脏病有消极作用，但作者还提到了生活节奏太快也会导致心脏病发作，且全文都与生活节奏相关，所以A选项不足以概括作者的意图，属于以偏概全；B选项“时间是危险的，因为它就像一支指向我们心灵的箭”对应文章倒数第二段，此处提到我们的技术定义了我们对时间的看法，它可以是一把利箭，我们也可以把它当蒸汽，这都取决于人们自己的选择，属于以偏概全；C选项“在我们这个技术密集的世界里，按时钟生活可能是致命的”对应倒数第二段的最后一句，虽然该选项说法无误，但是不足以概括作者的意图，属于以偏概全。因此D选项正确。

2.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

CloningandFinancialCrisisRecently,anearlydecadeoldpaperontheeconomiceffectsofhumancloningbyaFrencheconomicsprofessorhasbeengettingsomeattention.(46)Thepaperarguesthatratherthananarmyoflow-levelclonedworkersorfightersasispredictedinHuxley’sBraveNewWorldorStarWars,cloningwillleadtomoreandmorehigherskilledworkers.That’sbecausethereturnsofcloningpeoplewhocanmakealotofmoneywillbehigherthancloningaverageJoes.Andwhenitcomestocloning,we’reinitforthemoney,justlikeeverythingelse.What’smore,itwillprobablybeonlytherichwhowillbeabletoaffordtoclonethemselvesatthestart.

Theresult,atleastatfirst,willbearapidriseinouralreadydisturbinglevelsofincomeinequality.Cloneswillearnmoreandmoremoney,andthoseofuswhoreproducetheoldfashionwaywilllikelyhavepoorerandpooreroffspring.(47)Recently,BarbaraKiviatwrotetwoessaysonhowincomeinequalitywasamajorcontributortothefinancialcrisis.Soyoudothemath.Ifcloningleadstoincomeinequalityandincomeinequalityleadstofinancialcrises,thenwe’vegotaproblem.Here’swhy:

(48)Oneoftheknocksonfinancialreformisthatitisregulationthroughtherearviewmirror.Lawmakersfocusonstoppingwhatcausedthemostrecentfinancialcrisis.Soafterthetechbubble,newruleswereputintoplacetostopWallStreetfromusinganalyststopushworthlessstocks.ThewayWallStreetdidIPOscameunderscrutiny.AndawholesetofruleswereputinplacetotrytostopaccountingfraudslikeEnron.

(49)Weallknownowthatnoneofthosereformsdidlittletostopthelatestfinancialcrisis,whichwasdrivennotbystocks,butbyhousingprices,laxlendingandunsoundrisktakingbyWallStreet.Sonowweareputtingreformsinplacetoreigninriskybehavioratbanks,andtoregulatethederivativesthatfacilitatebighiddenfinancialbetsandaddconsumerprotectionsthatwilleliminatetheabilitytomakebadloansinthefirstplace.

Allgoodthings.Noneofthatthoughaddressestheobviousrealthingweshouldallbeconcernedaboutwhenitcomestofinancialcrises:HumanCloning.(50)Thepaper,whichwaswrittenbyGillesSaint-Paul,aprofessorattheToulouseSchoolofEconomicsinFrance,hasasurprisingamountofmathforatopicsuchashumancloning,whichtothebestofmyknowledgedoesn’tyetexist.Andithassomeoutthereideas,liketheguessthatsurrogatemothersmightsoonhavesalariesthatmatchWallStreet.Ifclonedbabieshavehigherexpectedincomelevels,thenpeoplewillpaymoreforthemtobemade.Sobirthingacloneequalscha-ching.

【答案】【参考译文】

46.这篇论文认为，与赫胥黎在《美丽新世界》或《星球大战》中预测的一群低智商克隆工人或一支战斗的军队不同，克隆将带来越来越多的高技能熟练工人。

47.最近，芭芭拉•基维亚特写了两篇文章，论述收入不平等是如何成为金融危机的主要促成因素。让我们来考虑一下。如果克隆导致收入不平等，而收入不平等导致金融危机，那么我们就发现了问题的症结。

48.金融改革受到的批评之一是，这是每次都是通过“后视镜”进行监管。议员们的重点是阻止导致最近金融危机的原因。因此，在科技泡沫破灭后，新的规则出台以阻止华尔街利用分析师推销毫无价值的股票。

49.我们现在都知道，所有这些改革都对阻止最新的金融危机收效甚微。这场危机的驱动因素不是股市，而是房价、宽松的贷款和华尔街不健全的冒险行为。

50.由法国图卢兹经济学院的教授吉勒斯•圣保罗撰写的这篇论文对克隆人这一课题做了大量研究，据我所知，克隆人还不存在。

3.单选题

Inthatcountry,apersonwhomarriesbeforelegalagemusthaveaparent’ssanctiontoobtainalicense.

问题1选项

A.warrant

B.approval

C.malignance

D.affirmation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warrant“根据；证明；正当理由；委任状”；B选项approval“批准；认可；赞成”；C选项malignance“恶意，恶性”；D选项affirmation“主张，肯定；断言”。句意：在那个国家，未到法定年龄结婚的人必须得到父母的批准才能获得结婚证。本句关键词sanction表示“制裁，处罚；认可；支持”，可和approval做同义替换；因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Butasthewinterwenton,Ifounditharderandhardertowithdraw—eitherfromtheeventswereadandheardabout,orfromthezealthatseizedthestudentsintheseminar.

问题1选项

A.enthusiasm

B.motivation

C.evidence

D.process

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.enthusiasm热情，热忱B.motivation动力

C.evidence证明，证据D.process（为达到某一目标的）过程，进程

【答案】A

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】zeal的意思为“热情，激情”，指的是研讨会上学生们的热情，enthusiasm与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】但随着冬天的到来，我发现自己越来越难以从我们读到和听到的事件中抽身，也越来越难以从研讨会上学生们的热情中抽身。

5.填空题

A:Thiswineisdelicious.Wouldyoulike（1）?

B:Nottoday,thanks.It’sratherchillyout.DoyouhaveanythinghotthatIcoulddrink?

A:Sure.Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?

B:.（2）Ienjoythemequally,sogivemewhicheverismoreconvenient.

【答案】

some;Either

【解析】1.常用语。wouldyoulikesome?你要点吗?

2.语义题。根据后面的givemewhicheverismoreconvenient可知茶或者咖啡都可以，填either。

6.单选题

Americansmayhaveto（）thenumberofprivatelyownedcarsanddependmoreonpublictransportationsystems.

问题1选项

A.breakdown

B.outdown

C.getdown

D.dropdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。breakdown“发生故障，毁掉”；getdown“吞下，使沮丧”；dropdown“落下，顺着往下移动”。句意：美国人可能不得不降低私家车的数量。转而依赖公共交通系统。只有D项符合，强调私家车数量的下降。

7.单选题

Herhusbandisvery（）electrician,hecouldrepairallkindsofelectricappliances.

问题1选项

A.industrious

B.competent

C.careful

D.generous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项industrious“勤勉的”；B选项competent“有能力的；胜任的”；C选项careful“小心的；仔细的”；D选项generous“慷慨的；大方的”。句意：她丈夫是一个……的电工，他可以修理各种电器。后半句关键词repair“修理”，可知他是有能力做好的。故选B。

8.单选题

Incourtherepeatedhis（）thathewasnotguiltyinfrontofthejury.

问题1选项

A.impressions

B.alliterations

C.clauses

D.assertions

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。Impression印象，感想；alliteration头韵；clause从句；（法律文件等的）条款;assertion主张,断言。句意:在陪审团面前,他重申自己无罪的。因此D项符合句意。

9.单选题

______,forwhommanyyoungmenarecrazy.

问题1选项

A.Herethemoviestarcomes

B.Herecomesthemoviestar

C.Themoviestarcomeshere

D.Comesherethemoviestar

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。本题主要考查“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句。当关系代词充当定语从句中的某一介词宾语时，通常把介词提前，用“介词+关系代词”来引导定语从句。介词前置时，whom指人，which指物。本题用的是whom，因此先行词应是前面的moviestar，因此moviestar必须作为前半句的宾语来承接后面的从句，故排除A选项、C选项，B选项Herecomes...，看见某人、某物正朝自己这边来时用该句。此句语序是倒装，“come”应与其后面的名词保持主谓一致，有时名词也可以放在“come”前面。D选项Comeshere意为“来这里”，为祈使句，根据句意：电影明星来了，许多年轻人为他疯狂。可知B选项正确。

10.单选题

AfterwinningtheChampionshiptheteammembers__________theheadcoachtotheirshouldersinshoutingtriumph.

问题1选项

A.tilted

B.hoisted

C.hauled

D.accompanied

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“titled”，意为“授予……称号，加标题于”，B选项“hoisted”，意为“提起，升起”，C选项“hauled”，意为“拖，拉”，D选项“accompanied”，意为“陪伴，伴随”。句意：赢得冠军后，队员们把主教练举到肩膀上欢呼胜利。因此，B选项符合句意。

11.单选题

Theairportpolicewho（）thegirlconcludedthatshewasinnocentandhadn’tknownaboutthedrugs.

问题1选项

A.interrogated

B.shrouded

C.ratified

D.muffled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。interrogate“询问”；shroud“遮蔽”；ratify“批准”；muffle“使声音低沉，裹住，捂住”。句意：机场警察询问了那个女孩，认为她是无辜的，她对毒品一无所知。选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

（）widespreadbeliefcockroacheswouldnottakeovertheworldiftherewerenoaroundtosteponthem.

问题1选项

A.Inviewof

B.Thanksto

C.Incaseof

D.Contraryto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:和广为流传的说法相反的是，蟑螂如果没有人在周围踩它们的话，根本不能占领世界。

考查短语辨析。Inviewof考虑到，由于；thanksto多亏；incaseof如果，万一；contraryto与……相反。因此D符合句意。

13.单选题

Itistruethat____awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.

问题1选项

A.multiplying

B.breeding

C.magnifying

D.generating

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析与上下文语义。A选项multiply“使大幅增加”；B选项breed“培养；培育（动植物）”；C选项magnify“放大；夸赞；夸大”；D选项generate“使形成；产生（电等能量）”。句意：确实____一种野生植物变成像小麦这样的主要粮食作物需要大量的研究时间。原文表达的是通过研究把野生植物培育成粮食作物，B选项breed“培养；培育（动植物）”最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

14.单选题

Thelawondrinkinganddrivingis（

）stated.

问题1选项

A.extravagantly

B.empirically

C.exceptionally

D.explicitly

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近义异词义辨析。extravagantly“挥霍无度地”；empirically“以经验为主地”；exceptionally“特殊地，例外地”；explicitly“明确地，明白地”。句子意思为：法律对饮酒和驾驶是有明确规定的。选项D符合题意。

15.单选题

JohnaskedMary（）forherelectronicdictionary.

问题1选项

A.didshepayhowmuch

B.shepaidhowmuch

C.howmuchdidshepay

D.howmuchshepaid

【答案】D

【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。空格处所在句子为宾语从句，从句的语序应为：疑问词+主语+谓语。故D项正确。句意：John问Mary买的电子词典多少钱。

16.单选题

Myclassmatesstoodtherelookinguneasilyatme,puzzlingwhyIhadn’tgotannoyedthistimewhenIcouldn’tgetmyown（）.

问题1选项

A.way

B.wish

C.will

D.desire

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项way“方法；道路；方向；行业；习惯”；B选项wish“希望，愿望；祈求，心愿；祝愿，祝福；想要的东西，希望的事；请求，要求”；C选项will“意志，决心；心愿；遗嘱；意旨；愿意；想要；决心要；用意志力使；遗赠”；D选项desire“（n.）欲望；要求，心愿（v.）想要；要求；希望得到……；渴望”。根据固定搭配getone’sownway“随心所欲，想怎样就怎样”可知该题选way。句意：我同学站在那儿，不安地看着我，似乎在疑惑为什么我这次没有因为没有用自己的方式处理问题而焦虑。因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

We’ll____youforanydamagedonetoyourhousewhileweareinit.

问题1选项

A.compensate

B.remedy

C.supplement

D.retrieve

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.compensate给（某人）赔偿（或赔款）B.remedy改正；纠正

C.supplement增补；补充D.retrieve取回；索回

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：我们在你房子里的时候，如果给你房子造成任何损坏，我们会……。根据逻辑，住在别人的房子里时，如果造成损坏应该对房子的主人进行赔偿。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】我们在你房子里的时候，如果给你房子造成任何损坏，我们会赔偿的。

18.单选题

Yourhelpis（）forthesuccessoftheproject.

问题1选项

A.indispensable

B.indicative

C.inevitable

D.inherent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项indispensable“不可缺少的；绝对必要的”；B选项indicative“象征的；指示的”；C选项inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”；D选项inherent“内在的；与生俱来的”。句意：你的帮助是这个项目成功不可缺少的。根据句中“thesuccessoftheproject这个项目成功”可知“不可缺少的”符合语境，因此A选项正确。

19.单选题

（

）memostwasthattheyoungboywhohadlostbotharmsinanaccidentcouldhandleapenwithhisfeet.

问题1选项

A.Thatamazed

B.Itamazed

C.Whichamazed

D.Whatamazed

【答案】D

【解析】句意:令我吃惊的是，这个在车祸中丧失双臂的年轻人能够用脚拿笔。

语法题。考查名词性从句。分析题干可知memost这部分在整个句子中作主语，因此这部分是主语从句。常用连接词what引导主语从句,故答案选项为D。

20.单选题

Whywouldanywomaninherrightmindchoosetowalkontheballsofherfeetwithherheelsproppedupbyspikes?Thehistoricalansweristhathighheelsreflectaristocratictastes—specifically,thetastesoftheseventeenth-centuryFrenchcourt,whichfirstpopularizedtheminEurope.Notonlydidheelskeepthewearer'sfeetrelativelymudfree,theyalsocreatedaphysicalelevationtomatchthesocialelevationofthestylish,exaggeratedthestruttinggaitofthenobleclasses,andtheysuggested,bytheirveryprecariousness,thattheirownerscouldaffordnottoworryaboutfallingontheirfaces.Indeed,asBernardRudofskypointsout,seventeenth-centurywearersofhighheels,menandwomen,frequentlyhadtobetransportedinsedanchairsbecausetheycouldnotmanagecobblestonesonfoot.Some“heels”inthaterawereactuallyfull-soledplatforms,andtowalkonthesethingsatall,oneneededtheconstantelbowsupportoftwoservants.

Thehelplessnessassociatedwiththeraised-heelstyleencouragedthenotionthatheeledpersonswereabovehavingtocareforthemselves.Inviewofthis,itisnotsurprisingthateventodayitiswomen,almostexclusively,whowearheels.Highheelsarethecobbler'scontributiontowhatIhavecalledthepedestalploy.Theylinkphysicalincapacitywiththenotionofwomanasa“higherbeing”一toohightogetalongonherown.

Womenhavetakentohighheels,ofcourse,becausetheyfeel,correctly,thattheyincreasetheirattractivenesstomen.Partofthatincreasedattractivenesshastodowithmalefantasiesoffemalefragility.AsfashioniconoclastElizabethHawesputsit,“Theideaisthathe,inhisheavyshoes,shouldfeelstrongerandmorecapablethansheonherfragilestilts.Nevermindtherealities.”Anotherpartofitmaybebiological.Inhisdiscussionofrumpdisplayamongmammals,DaleGuthrienotesthatthe“linesofthebuttocks,thigh,calfandanklehaveanativesexualstimulation,butthiscanbeincreasedwithhigh-heeledshoes;thecurvesareexaggeratedwhentheheelislifted.”Heelsalsoexaggeratethelateralmotionofbuttocks.Theultimatefunctionofhighheels,therefore,maybetofuelthemalebeliefthatwomenarebothimpotentandseductive.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout（）.

2.Fromhistoricalpointofview,highheels（）.

3.Womenonhighheelssuggestthat（）.

4.Themostimportantreasonforwomen'spreferencetohighheelsisthat（）.

5.Themen'sattitudestowardswomen'swearinghighheelsarethat（）.

问题1选项

A.highheels

B.functionsofhighheels

C.historyofhighheels

D.womenonhighheels

问题2选项

A.weretheexclusivepassionofwomen

B.werewornbybothmenandwomen

C.symbolizedthetastesofaristocracy

D.werethecharacteristicsofnobleclasses

问题3选项

A.theyarealwayshelplessashighheels

B.theyaredependableaswellasfragile

C.theyalwayshavesomesuperiority

D.highheelsarestillfashionable

问题4选项

A.biologicalweak-pointscanbereduced

B.attractivenesstomenisincreased

C.socialelevationcanbeshown

D.aristocratictastesarereflected

问题5选项

A.theyareconsideredweakerthanmen

B.theyareregardedasbiologicallyincapable

C.theyarejustinbiologicalneed.

D.theyarethoughttobecharmingandfeeble

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.结合全文内容可知,本文主要是讲高跟鞋的作用,选项B正确。

2.根据第一段的第二句“Thehistoricalansweristhathighheelsreflectaristocratictastes—specifically,thetastesoftheseventeenth-centuryFrenchcourt,...”从历史的角度来看,高跟鞋反映了贵族的品味——尤其是17世纪法国宫廷的品味。选项C符合原文。

3.根据第二段的第一句“Thehelplessnessassociatedwiththeraised-heelstyleencouragedthenotionthatheeledpersonswereabovehavingtocareforthemselves.”与高跟鞋风格相关的无助感,助长了一种观念,即穿高跟鞋的人不必为自己操心。也就是说,高跟鞋对于女性来说既是可靠的,但也很脆弱,所以选项B正确。

4.根据第三段的第一句“Womenhavetakentohighheels,ofcourse,becausetheyfeel,correctly,thattheyincreasetheirattractivenesstomen.”当然,确切的说,女性选择高跟鞋是因为她们觉得高跟鞋增加了她们对男性的吸引力。选项B符合原文。

5.根据最后一段最后一句“Theultimatefunctionofhighheels,therefore,maybetofuelthemalebeliefthatwomenarebothimpotentandseductive.”因此,高跟鞋的终极功能可能是让男性更加相信女性既脆弱又有魅力。选项D符合原文。

21.单选题

ARepublicanplantocontroltherisingcostofSocialSecuritywouldgreatlyreduceretirementbenefitsformiddle-andupper-incomeAmericans,especiallythosenowyoungerthan25,accordingtoananalysisreleasedWednesdaybytheprogram'schiefactuary（精算师）.Theplan,byRep.PaulRyan,RepublicanofWisconsin,wouldreducebenefitsbygraduallyraisingtheretirementageandgraduallycuttingbenefitsforthetop70percentofearners.

Together,thetwoprovisionswouldreduceinitialbenefitsbyaboutaquarterformiddle-incomeAmericanswhoturn65in2050,accordingtotheanalysis.Wealthierretireeswouldseeevendeepercuts,losingaboutathirdofscheduledbenefitsin2050andmorethanhalfofscheduledbenefitsiftheyturn65in2080.

Withcongressionalelectionslessthantwoweeksaway,theRyanplanhasbeenafrequenttargetforDemocratsaccusingtheGOPofplottingtogutSocialSecurity.ButthereportbyStephenGoss,chiefactuaryfortheSocialSecurityAdministration,alsoexaminesotherideasforoverhaulingtheprogram,includingseveralunderdiscussionbyadeficit（赤字）-reductioncommissionappointedbyPresidentObama.LeadersinbothpartiessaySocialSecuritymaypresentthebestopportunityforcompromiseonthecommission,whichisduetoissueareportDec.1.

Goss'sanalysisshowsthatthoseideasmaynotbemuchmorepleasantthanRyan'splan.Forexample,allowingtheretirementagetocontinuerisingtwomonthsperyearuntilithitsage70wouldcutinitialbenefitsbynearly20percentforanyoneturning65in2050.Meanwhile,thecommissionistalkingaboutcuttingthecost-of-livingincreaseretireesreceiveeachyear,aswellascuttingtheirinitialbenefits.

"There'sbeenalotofdiscussionabouthoweasyitwouldbetocutSocialSecurityinordertosaveit,'saidRep.EarlPomeroy,DemocratofNorthDakota,whorequestedthereportaschairmanoftheHouseWaysandMeanssubcommitteeonSocialSecurity.‘Thenewanalysisrevealsthattheseproposalsresultinbenefitscutsrangingfrom10percenttoashighas50percent.…That'snotwhatI’dall'saving'SocialSecurity.’

RyanspokesmanConorSweeneysaidGossdidnotanalyzethefulleffectofRyan'splantobalancethefederalbudgetandignoredRyan'sproposaltoguaranteeahigherminimumbenefittolow-incomeretirees.Moretothepoint,Sweeneysaid,failingtooverhaulSocialSecurity—whichisalreadypayingoutmorethanitcollectsfrompayrolltaxes―willcausemoreimmediateharm."AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAdministration,CongressmanPomeroy'sdo-nothingplanwillimposepainfulacross-the-boardbenefitcutsoncurrentseniorsandthosenearingretirement,"

Sweeneysaid."Itisdeeplyirresponsibleforelectedleaderstostandidlewithicyindifferenceasthesocialsafetynetcollapses."

1.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheplanbyPaulRyan?

2.Whatdoestheword“gut’inthe3rdparagraphmean?

3.EarlPomeroyholdstheideathat（

）.

4.Astothelow-incomeretirees,（

）.

问题1选项

A.Itencouragespeopletoretireasearlyaspossible.

B.Ithaslittleinfluenceontheupper-incomeretirees.

C.ItwasmadetocontrolthecostofSocialSecurity.

D.Itwillincreasethelower-incomeAmericana’sbenefits.

问题2选项

A.Cut.

B.Spoil.

C.Misuse.

D.Abolish.

问题3选项

A.retiringat70willleadtonoinitialbenefitscuts

B.Ryan’splanisthebestwaytosaveSocialSecurity

C.initialbenefitscutsshouldbelimitedunder20%

D.initialbenefitscutsishelplessforSocialSecurity

问题4选项

A.theywereignoredbyGossinhisanalysis

B.Ryanpaidnoattentiontothemintheplan

C.Sweeneyproposedahigherminimumbenefit

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