考研考博-英语-广州科技贸易职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州科技贸易职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.

两年的研究表明，上网次数多的人与较少的人相比，即使是一周仅上网几小时也会经常地感觉到沮丧和孤独。这不是说己经有不良感觉的人在网上花费了更多的时间而是说使用英特网似乎确实诱发了人们的不良感觉。研究人员对这些结果困惑不解，因为这与他们的预料截然相反。他们顶测，与电视相比，从社会角度来说，上网可能更健康一些，因为网络允许使用者选择自己想要的信息和别人交流。

历史记载人类进入文明社会以来的思想和行为--不管是发生在昨天，还是去年，也不管是发生在一百年前，还是甚至在一千年前。由于人不是孤单地生存的，所以历史必然要涉及社会群体，尤其是国家和民族。正如传记描写个人的一生，历史记述人类社会的兴起、发展和袞亡。历史已经成为对某个民族的整个文化的记载，因此历史学家需要了解这个民族的衣食住行，了解他们的社会分工、学术流派、宗教迷信和娱乐庆典。

【答案】Thetwo-yearstudyindicatedthat,comparedwithpeoplewhologgedontheInternetlessfrequently,thepeoplewhologgedonmorealsooftensufferedpressureandlonelinessevenincaseofspendingjustafewhoursaweekontheInternet.ThisisabouttheusageoftheInternetactuallyappearedtocausethepeopletohavebadfeelingsratherthanmoretimespentbywhohadalreadybadfeelings.Theresearcherswerepuzzledbytheresults,whichwerecontrarytotheirexpectations.TheyconcludedthattheInternetmaybesociallyhealthierthantelevision,becauseitallowsuserstochoosewhatinformationtheywanttocommunicatewithothers

Historyrecordsallthoughtsandactionsofmanfromthebeginningofcivilizedsociety—nomattersuchthoughtsandactionshappenedyesterdayorlastyearorahundredorathousandyearsago.Sincemandoesnotlivealone,historymustinvolvesocialgroups,especiallystatesandnations.Justasbiographydescribesindividuallife,historyrelatestherise,progressanddeclineofhumansocieties.Historybecomesanaccountoftheentirecultureofpeople,sohistoriansneedtotheirbasicnecessities,theirsocialdivisionoflabour,academicschools,religioussuperstitionsandentertainmentcelebrations.

2.填空题

Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvival.Ingeneralhowever,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Cthefittestsurvival改为thefittestsurvive

【解析】【考查点】谓语动词。

【解题思路】B部分到句子结尾为从句，C部分为从句的主干部分，其句型结构为主谓，survival为名词，survive为动词，其意思为“生存，存活”，符合语境。

【句意】许多作家认为，在动物为生存而进行的斗争不可避免，只有适者生存。然而，一般来说，自然界中的这种斗争是竞争，而不是冲突。

3.单选题

Whenaskedforyourviewsaboutyour（

）job,onnoaccountmustyoubenegative.

问题1选项

A.current

B.contemporary

C.occasional

D.universal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。current意为“目前的，当前的，现在的”；contemporary意为“当代的，现代的”；occasional意为“偶尔的，不经常的”；universal意为“普遍的，一般的”。

句意：当被问到你对当前工作的看法时，你决不能消极。

4.不定项选择题

Themarveloustelephoneandtelevisionnetworkthathasnowenmeshedthewholeworld,makingallmenneighbors,cannotbeextendedtospace.Itwillneverbepossibletoconversewithanyoneonanotherplanet.Evenwithtoday’sradioequipment,themessageswilltakeminutes―sometimeshours―ontheirjourney,becauseradioandlightwavestravelatthesamespeedof186,000milesasecond.

TwentyyearsfromnowyouwillbeabletolistentoafriendonMars,butthewordsyouhearwillhavelefthismouthatleastthreeminutesearlier,andyourreplywilltakeacorrespondingtimetoreachhim.Insuchcircumstances,anexchangeofverbalmessageispossible—butnotaconversation.

Toaculturewhichhascometotakeinstantaneouscommunicationforgranted,aspartofverystructureofcivilizedlife,this“timebarrier”mayhaveaprofoundpsychologicalimpact.Itwillbeaperpetualreminderofuniversallawsandlimitationsagainstwhichnotallourtechnologycaneverprevail.Foritseemsascertainasanythingcanbethatnosignal—stilllessanymaterialobject―cannevertravelfasterthanlight.

Thevelocityoflightistheultimatespeedlimit,beingpartoftheverystructureofspaceandtime.Withinthenarrowconfinesofthesolarsystem,itwillnothandicapustooseverely.Attheworst,thesewillamounttotwentyhours―thetimeittakesaradiosignaltospantheorbitofPluto,theouter-mostplanet.

Itiswhenwemoveoutbeyondtheconfinesofthesolarsystemthatwecomefacetofacewithanaltogethernewgroupofcosmicreality.Eventoday,manyotherwiseeducatedmen―likethosesavageswhocancounttothreebutlumptogetherallnumbersbeyondfour—cannotgrasptheprofounddistinctionbetweensolarandstellarspace.Thefirstisthespaceenclosingourneighboringworlds,theplanets,thesecondisthatwhichembracesthosedistantsuns,thestars,anditisliterallymillionsoftimesgreater.Thereisnotsuchabruptchangeofscaleintheterrestrialaffairs.

Manyconservativescientists,shockedbythesecosmicgulfs,havedeniedthattheycaneverbecrossed.Somepeopleneverlearn;thosewhosixtyyearsagolaughedatthepossibilityofflight,andtenyearsagolaughedattheideaoftraveltotheplanets,arenowquitesurethatthestarswillalwaysbeyondourresearch.Andagaintheyarewrong,fortheyhavefailedtograspthegreatlessonofourage—thatifsomethingispossibleintheory,andnofundamentalscientificlawsopposeitsrealization,thensoonerorlateritwillbeachieved.

Onedayweshalldiscoverareallyefficientmeansofpropellingourspacevehicles.Everytechnicaldeviceisalwaysdevelopedtoitslimitandtheultimatespeedforspaceshipsisthevelocityoflight.Theywillneverreachthatgoal,buttheywillgetverynearit.Andtheneareststarwillbelessthanfiveyearsofvoyagingfromtheearth.

1.Forlighttotravelacrossthesolarsystem,itwilltake（）.

2.Thefactthatitwillneverbepossibletoconversewithsomeoneonanotherplanetshowsthat（）.

3.Confrontedwiththenewgroupofcosmicreality,manyeducatedmen（）.

4.Conservativescientistswhodenythatcosmicgulfscaneverbecrossedwill（）.

5.Theauthorofthepassage,readerscaninfer,intendstoshowthe（）.

问题1选项

A.ayear

B.nearlyaday

C.twomonths

D.thirtyminutes

问题2选项

A.certainuniversallawscannotbeprevailedagainst

B.noobjectcanevertravelfasterthanlight

C.westernculturehasaspecialideaofcommunication

D.radiomessagedonottravelfastenough

问题3选项

A.becomeignorantsavagesagain

B.findthe“timebarrier”unbearable

C.willnotcombinesolarandstellarspace

D.cannotadapttotheabruptchangeofscale

问题4选项

A.laughattheveryideasofflight

B.learnalessonastheydidtenyearsago

C.findspacetravelbeyondtheirreach

D.opposethefundamentalscientificlaws

问题5选项

A.limitationsofourtechnology

B.vastnessofthecosmicreality

C.prospectofplanetarytravel

D.psychologicalimpactoftimeandspace

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第四段中“...thesewillamounttotwentyhours—thetimeittakesaradiosignaltospantheorbitofPluto,theouter-mostplanet.这相当于20个小时——这是一个无线电信号跨越冥王星轨道所需的时间，冥王星是最外层的行星。”20小时几乎一天，可知B项与原文相符。A项“一年”，与原文不符；B项“几乎一天”；C项“两个月”，与原文不符；D项“三十分钟”，与原文不符，因此B选项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“Itwillneverbepossibletoconversewithanyoneonanotherplanet.Evenwithtoday’sradioequipment,themessageswilltakeminutes—sometimeshours…和另一个星球上的人交谈是不可能的。即使使用今天的无线电设备，发送信息也需要几分钟，有时甚至几小时……”与第二段中“Insuchcircumstances,anexchangeofverbalmessageispossible—butnotaconversation.在这种情况下，口头信息的交换是可能的——但不是对话。”可推知D项与原文相符。A项“某些普遍的规律是不能被推翻的”，与原文不符；B项“没有任何物体的速度能超过光速”，与原文不符；C项“西方文化有一种特殊的沟通观念”，与原文不符；D项“无线电信息传播不够快”，因此D选项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第五段中“Eventoday,manyotherwiseeducatedmen—likethosesavageswhocancounttothreebutlumptogetherallnumbersbeyondfour—cannotgrasptheprofounddistinctionbetweensolarandstellarspace…itisliterallymillionsoftimesgreater.Thereisnotsuchabruptchangeofscaleintheterrestrialaffair.即使在今天，许多受过教育的人——就像那些能数到三，却能把四以外的数字加在一起的野蛮人无法理解太阳和恒星空间的深刻区别一样……它实际上要大几百万倍。陆地事务中没有这样突然的规模变化”，可推知D项与原文相符。A项“再次成为无知的野蛮人”，与原文不符；B项“发现‘时间障碍’难以忍受”，与原文不符；C项“将不会把太阳和恒星的空间结合起来”，与原文不符；D项“不能适应规模的突变”，因此D选项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第六段中“Somepeopleneverlearn;thosewhosixtyyearsagolaughedatthepossibilityofflight,andtenyearsagolaughedattheideaoftraveltotheplanets,arenowquitesurethatthestarswillalwaysbeyondourresearch.有些人永远学不会；那些六十年前嘲笑飞行的可能性，十年前嘲笑到行星上旅行的想法的人，现在相当肯定地认为恒星永远超出我们的研究范围。”可知C项与原文相符。A项“嘲笑飞行的想法”，与原文不符；B项“像他们十年前那样吸取教训”，与原文不符；C项“发现他们无法进行太空旅行”；D项“反对基本的科学规律”，与原文不符，因此C选项正确。

第5题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中“Theywillneverreachthatgoal,buttheywillgetverynearit.他们永远不会达到这个目标，但他们会非常接近这个目标。”这个表述说明了作者对星际旅行充满着期望，因此知C项正确。A项“我们技术的局限性”，与原文不符；B项“浩瀚的宇宙现实”，与原文不符；C项“星际旅行的前景”；D项“时间和空间的心理影响”，与原文不符，因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Anumberofdevelopmentscombinedtodestroythemonetarysystem,leadingtoacrisisinwhichthecollapseofonecountry'seconomyandcurrency-inamodernversionofthecommercialdominotheory-leadstofiscal（）thatspreadsuncomfortablyaroundtheworld,wreakinghavoconglobalcapitalism.

问题1选项

A.contamination

B.contagion

C.inflammation

D.inflation

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。contamination“污染”；contagion“传染”；inflammation“发炎”；inflation“膨胀”。句意：根据现代版本的多米诺骨牌效应，一个国家的经济和财政的变化将会影响全球，并对全球资本主义造成严重破坏。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Thiskindofmaterialcan（

）heatandmoisture.

问题1选项

A.delete

B.repel

C.compel

D.constrain

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项delete“删除”；B选项repel“抗拒，抵御”；C选项compel“强迫，迫使”；D选项constrain“强迫，限制，约束”。根据宾语heatandmoisture（热和潮湿）可知B选项符合逻辑。句意：这种材料能抵御热和潮湿。

7.翻译题

Inthedeliveryofahighstandardofmedicalcare,thesafetyofthepatientisparamount.Itseemsthatmedicalblundersareemergingalmostonadailybasis.Butweneedtokeepasenseofperspective.

Whilesuchincidentsareworrying,theyshouldnotnecessarilybeseenasasignthatthingsaregettingworseandthatpatientsarebeingexposedtoincreasingrisks.Theymaysimplyhavebeencomingtolightmorefrequently.Ifso,thatisgood.Thehospitalparthasrightlypromisedtoseethattheyarealwaysbroughttopublicattentionfromnowon.Promptdisclosureofpossibledefectsinthehealthcaresystemandtransparentactiontoremedythemcanonlyhaveapositiveeffectonthestandardofcareinthelongrun.

【答案】在提供高标准的医疗服务时，病人的安全是最重要的。医疗事故似乎每天都在发生。但我们需要保持一种洞察力。

虽然这类事件令人担忧，但它们并不一定意味着情况正在恶化，或者病人暴露在面临越来越多的风险中。它们可能只是被曝光得更频繁了。如果是这样，那很好。医院方面恰当地承诺，从现在起一定要让公众注意到他们。及时披露医疗体系中可能存在的缺陷，并采取透明行动加以补救，从长远来看，只会对医疗标准产生积极的影响。

8.单选题

Agreatamountofworkliasgoneinto（）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

问题1选项

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】B

【解析】句意:大量的工作已经投入,为了使这个大教堂恢复到其以前的华丽。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。refresh更新，使精力恢复，使得到补充；restore恢复，修复；restoreto使恢复到…；renovate更新，修复，革新，刷新；renew使更新，续借，复兴。由题干中关键词“toitsprevioussplendor到其以前的华丽”可知B项正确。

9.单选题

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplaceineighteenth-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm’sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery.Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren’stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.MckendrickfavorsaViablemodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The“middlingsort”boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism,butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecomingoftheIndustrialRevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingitems,ifpreservedfromeighteenth-centuryEngland,wouldprovideanexampleofthekindofdocumentsmentionedinLines3-4,Paragraph2?

3.Accordingtothetext,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

4.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

5.Accordingtothetext,eighteenth-centuryEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthetextreadersare（

）.

问题1选项

A.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistorio-graphicalapproachestoeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory

C.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabouteighteenth-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

问题2选项

A.Awrittenagreementbetweenasupplierofrawmaterialsandasupplierofluxurygoods.

B.Adiarythatmentionsluxurygoodsandservicespurchasedbyitsauthor.

C.Atheaterticketstampedwiththedateandnameofaparticularplay.

D.Apayrollrecordfromacompanythatproducedluxurygoodssuchaspottery.

问题3选项

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Curiosity.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Hostility.

问题4选项

A.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

B.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

问题5选项

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodscouldbesaidtobestimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.similarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段，主要叙述了历史学家开始注意到奢侈品消费的研究，并举例说明两个学者的具体的研究，最后提出了三个问题。因此在第一段中提到两个人名是为了举例说明18世纪英格兰消费主义增长的事实。故正确答案C。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段“Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.尽管可以从制造商和服务行业针对他们的客户所需要的产品和服务中推断出他们实际生产的产品和服务，但只有对由实际消费者撰写的相关个人文件进行研究，才能准确地推测出什么样的人需要什么样的东西。”由此可见，这里文章中提到的文件是属于由实际消费者撰写的相关个人文件，因此选项B为正确答案。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段“Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral…关于最后一个问题，我们可以顺便指出，虽然汤普森正确地还原了劳动人民在英国18世纪历史的阶段，但他很可能夸大了这些人对资本主义消费主义的反对”。可以推测劳动人民对于消费主义并不存在好奇心或者其他情绪，而是“反对”。选项D符合题意。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】段落大意题。定位到文章第三段，首先提出了关于第一种理论模式：制造商对于奢侈品宣传的能力。接着提出第二种理论模式：人们购买奢侈品是受社会地位竞争的驱动。通过对两种理论的批判，自己提出了替代性的理论认识。故选项B比较符合题意。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.然而，未来对这些关键问题的探索无疑是必要的，减少最近研究结论的力量：十八世纪英格兰对轻浮和有用的商品和服务的贪得无厌的需求预示着我们自己的世界。”由此可知，十八世纪的英国人和现代人在消费观上存在某些相似性，因此选项D正确。

10.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseontheAnswerSheet.

Wecannotacceptthegrowingthreatposedbyclimatechange,whichcouldforeverdamagetheworldthatwepassontoourchildren,sowingconflictandfamine,destroyingcoastlinesandemptyingcities.Andthat’swhyallnationsmustnowaccepttheirshareofresponsibilityfortransformingthewaythatweuseenergy.

Wecan’tacceptaworldinwhichmorepeoplearedeniedopportunityanddignitythatallpeopleyearnfor:theabilitytogetaneducationandmakeadecentliving,thesecuritythatyouwon’thavetoliveinfearofdiseaseorviolencewithouthopeforthefuture.

Iknowthesechallengescanbemet,solongasit’srecognizedthattheywillnotbemetbyonepersonoronenationalone.Thisawardisnotsimplyabouttheeffortsofmyadministration;it’saboutthecourageouseffortsofpeoplearoundtheworld.

【答案】我们不能接受气候变化造成的日益严重的威胁，那可能会永久性地损害我们传给子孙后代的这个世界。我们不能播下冲突和饥荒的种子，摧毁海岸线，使城市萧条。这就是为什么我们所有国家现在必须承担各自的责任，改变我们使用能源的方式。

我们不能接受一个更多人被剥夺机会和尊严的世界，这种人人渴望的机会和尊严就是：能够接受教育，能够过上体面的生活，有安全感，即你不必在疾病或者暴力恐怖的担忧中没有希望地生活。

我知道这些挑战是可以应对的，只要人们认识到这些挑战不会由一个人或一个国家单独应对。这个奖项不仅仅是我政府的努力，而是全世界人民的勇敢努力。

11.单选题

ExplorationoftheSolarSystemiscontinuing,andatthepresentrateofprogressalltheplanets______withinthenext50years.

问题1选项

A.willhavebeencontacted

B.willhavecontacted

C.willbecontacted

D.willcontact

【答案】A

【解析】考查将来完成时。句意：对太阳系的探索仍在继续，以目前的速度，我们将在未来50年内与所有行星取得联系。根据语境，可知这个句子的时态是将来完成时，在这里表示在将来某一时间一直持续的动作，其结构是will（第二、三人称）+have+过去分词（done），A选项willhavebeencontacted符合题意。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Iabsolutelyopposethe（

）thatprivatization（私有化）isnowinevitableinourindustry.

问题1选项

A.notice

B.notion

C.impression

D.conscience

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。notice通知；notion概念，见解；impression印象；conscience道德心，良心。

句意：我完全反对认为私有化在我们这个行业是不可避免的这种见解。选项B符合句意。

13.单选题

[A]Manypeoplebelieve[B]thatNewYorkisthe[C]mostgreatcity[D]intheUnitedStates.

问题1选项

A.Many

B.that

C.most

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】【考查点】最高级用法。

【解题思路】Great的最高级是直接在后面加est，即greatest。所以要把mostgreat改为greatest。该题选择C项。

【句意】许多人认为纽约是美国最大的城市。

14.单选题

Hisattemptsto（

）thetwofriendsfailedbecausetheyhadcompletefaithineachother.

问题1选项

A.alienate

B.abuse

C.alleviate

D.abandon

【答案】A

【解析】alienate使疏远，离间；abuse滥用，虐待；alleviate减轻，缓和；abandon遗弃，放弃。句意：他疏远这两个朋友的企图失败了，因为他们彼此之间完全信任。选项A符合语境。

15.翻译题

Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoafundamentalchangeinthewaywework.Alreadywe'repartlythere.1.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorldToday.ThemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan（twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries）areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.2.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan’tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoabasicnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldconceptsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallenged.

Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.3.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseen,thewaysinsingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow'sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillfactoryrobots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwayofdramaticchanges.4.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.

5.Ifyoucastvourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.

【答案】1.在今天的西方世界，靠制造东西谋生的人的比例已经大幅下降。美国、欧洲和日本的大多数工作（其中许多国家有三分之二或更多）都在服务业，而且这个数字还在上升。

2.但是，经济转型的广度不能仅用数字来衡量，因为它也正在催生一种思考工作本质的基本新方式。人们长期以来对工作和职业的观念、成功所需的技能，甚至个人与雇主之间的关系都在受到挑战。

3.20年前，没有人能够预见到，由于芯片在个人电脑、数字通信和工厂机器人上的应用，单凭芯片这一发明就能改变我们的世界。

4.有一件事是肯定的:信息和知识将变得更加重要，拥有信息和知识的人，无论是在制造业还是服务业工作，都将拥有优势并创造财富。计算机知识将成为与读写能力一样的基本要求。

5.如果你预测未来10年的发展，信息服务业将占支配地位。它将是你工作的方式。

16.单选题

Christine’srealproblemisthatshe___confidence.

问题1选项

A.islackof

B.islackin

C.lacksfor

D.lacksof

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。lackof“没有，缺乏；不足，不够”，名词短语；lackin“缺少，在……缺少，缺乏”，动词短语。A选项be动词+名词短语作谓语，正确；B选项be动词+动词短语，错误；C选项lackfor一般不做固定搭配；D选项lackof名词短语不能当谓语。因此A选项符合题意。

17.单选题

Theyhavealwaysregardedamanof______andfairnessasareliablefriend.

问题1选项

A.robustness

B.temperament

C.integrity

D.compactness

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项robustness“结实，健壮”；B选项temperament“性情，气质”；C选项integrity“诚实，正直”；D选项compactness“紧密，简洁”。根据并列连词and可知空格处与fairness（公正）的意思接近，因此选C。句意：他们一直把正直和公正的人视为可靠的朋友。

18.单选题

MostWesternnations,includingtheU.S.,_16_Japanthebenefitsofitsrigorouseducationalsystem.Morethan90%ofJapanesestudentsgraduatefromtwelfthgrade(incontrastto75%theU.S.),_17_ademandingacademicagenda.Duringhighschool,theJapanesemust_18_farmoremathandsciencethantheirAmericancounterparts.Bythetimethey_19_theircollegeentranceexams,studentsarepreparedtohandlequestionsinEnglishgrammar,aswellasJapanese,andinsubject_20_notgenerallyapproacheduntilcollegeintheU.S.Thesystemhas_21_Japanwell.Itpreparesstudentsforsmooth_22_intoanovercrowdedandcompetitivesociety.Ina_23_orderedculturelikeJapan’s,higheducationalachievementis_24_theonlyguaranteeofasuccessfulcareer.Morethan65%ofhighschoolstudents_25_withcollegeentrancecourses._26_beginsearly.Fromthetimechildrenfirstsetfootinschoolatagesix,theyarefaced_27_sevenhoursofclassesaday,240daysayearandtwelveyearsofunremittingpressure.Studentsdevotealmostalltheir_28_hourstostudies.Inadditiontoregularclassesandhalf-daysonSaturdays,theyoften_29_uptofiveadditionalhoursatspecialcramschoolscalled“juku”(privateacademies).Acandidatemayapplytoonlyonetopuniversity.Becausegovernmentministriesandtopfirmsallrecruitfromahandfulofuniversities,_30_tosettlef