考研考博-英语-成都中医药大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-成都中医药大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitsinteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.

Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence,theintroductiononmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goods,andservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.

Analternativetothemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforwholeeconomy.

Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymayresult.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,abartereconomycanleadto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontrolinanadministeredsystem?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthorasacertainfordeterminingaperson’splaceinatraditionalsociety?

5.Inparagraph2sentence3,“barter”means（）.

问题1选项

A.Tooutlinecontrastingtypeofeconomicsystems.

B.Toexplainthescienceofeconomics.

C.Toargueforthesuperiorityofoneeconomicsystem.

D.Tocomparebarterandmoney-exchangemarkets.

问题2选项

A.rapidspeedtransactions

B.misunderstanding

C.inflation

D.difficultiesfortraders

问题3选项

A.Individualhouseholds

B.Smallbusinesses

C.Majorcorporations

D.Thegovernment

问题4选项

A.Familybackground

B.Age

C.Religiousbelief

D.Custom

问题5选项

A.exchangegood,propertyforothergoods

B.amoreunit

C.akindoffood

D.trade

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.（三种基本方式可以描述为市场体制、管理体制和传统体制。）文章第一段就点明了三种不同类型的经济体系：市场体系、行政管理体系和传统体系。接下来分别介绍了这三种体系，每一段的第一句都点明了具体要介绍的体系。而文章中作者并没有解释有关经济学方面的知识，也没有表示哪一种经济体系更优越，因此A选项“概述不同类型的经济制度”正确。B选项“来解释经济学”，是作者没有解释的；C选项“论证单一经济体系的优越性”，作者在文中是没有论述的；D选项“比较易货市场和货币交换市场”，只是市场体系中的两种形式，并不能概括整篇文章的意思。

2.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段第四句话Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles...wantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.（在易货经济中，真正的商品，如汽车、鞋子和披萨显然是相互交易的，找到想用旧车交换帆船的人可能并不总是一件容易的任务。）通过这句话可以看出，在易货经济中，可见这种有形的物物交换对交换者而言是具有很大难度的，交易者想要做交易并没有那么容易，因此D选项“对交易者的困难”正确。A选项“快速的交易速度”并不是它的特点；B选项“误解，误会”这一点原文并没有提到；C选项“膨胀；通货膨胀”不是易货经济体现的。

3.推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.（政府制定的中央计划显示了不同公司生产的每种商品的数量，并分配给不同的家庭用于消费。）这一段讲述了如何去制定市场的相关规定，而最高级的规定制定就来自于政府，因此D选项正确。A选项“个体户”，他们只是经济的参与者；B选项“小企业”，没有这个权利；C选项“大公司”，仍然没有政府的等级高。

4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段第一句话everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.（每个人在经济体制中的地位是由出身、宗教和习惯风俗来决定的），可以得出只有B选项“年龄”是没有提到的，因此B选项正确。A选项“家庭背景”；C选项“宗教信仰”；D选项“风俗”都是提到了的。

5.语义推断题。根据题干定位到第二段Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously.（在易货经济中，真正的商品，如汽车、鞋子和披萨显然是相互交易的。）可以看出来在易货经济中交易的都是一些实在的物品，因此A选项“用货物、财产等交换其他货物”是正确的。B选项“一个单位”原文没有提及；C选项“一种食物”，只是其中的一种；D选项“交易”，这就是这件事本身。

2.单选题

Beforethedisastrousearthquaketherewas（）chaos.

问题1选项

A.massive

B.ominous

C.suspending

D.imminent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项massive“巨大的，大量的”；B选项ominous“预兆的，不吉利的”；C选项suspending“暂停，延缓”；D选项imminent“即将发生的，临近的”，句意：在灾难性的地震发生之前，发生了大规模的混乱。结合句意，只有A选项符合。

3.单选题

Tomhadbeencompletelyexhaustedbutfeltgreatly（

）afteramealandarest.

问题1选项

A.renewed

B.refrained

C.resumed

D.efreshed

【答案】D

【解析】renew更新，复兴，重新开始；refrain节制，克制；resume重新开始，继续；refresh恢复精神。句意：汤姆本来已经筋疲力尽了，但吃过饭休息一会儿以后，他又恢复了精神。选项D符合句意。

4.单选题

Shecasthereyesroundtheroomin______ofachairtositin.

问题1选项

A.demand

B.requirement

C.question

D.quest

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项demand“要求；需求”，indemandof非固定搭配，demandforsth.“要求某物”；B选项requirement“必需品；必备条件”；C选项question“疑问；议题；困惑”；D选项quest“探索，寻找”，inquestofsth.“寻找/探索某事物”。句意：她向房间四下看，______椅子来坐。根据语境，这里指在房间里到处看，想找把椅子坐，D选项quest“探索，寻找”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Itishardtotellwhetherwearegoingtohaveaboomintheeconomyora（

）.

问题1选项

A.concession

B.submission

C.transmission

D.recession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项concession“让步，妥协”；B选项submission“屈服，投降，归顺”；C选项transmission“传递，传播”；D选项recession“经济衰退，经济萎缩”。由whether...or...（是……还是……）可知空格处与boom（繁荣）所表示的意思相反，因此选D。句意：很难判断我们将迎来经济的繁荣还是衰退。

6.单选题

Therecentdebateonacidrainisagainsettingenvironmentalistheadtoheadagainstindustry.Butthistime,acuriousphilosophyhasemergedinWashingtonthatsaysthemoreweknowaboutaproblem,themoreuncertaintyisintroducedandthemoreitneedstobestudied.Asaresult,weknowmoreaboutacidrainanditseffects,thaneverbefore,butitseemsaregulatorysolutionhasneverbeenfurtheraway.

Researchersgenerallyagreethatacidrainarisesprimarilyfromtheburningofcoalandoil.Theemissionscontainoxidesofnitrogenandsulfur,whichcanbecarriedhundredsofmilesontheprevailingwesterlywinds.Theyeventuallyreturntoearthasdrygasesandparticulatesandreactwithgroundwaterstoformnitricorsulfuricacid.Theymayalsobeconvertedtotheacidsintheatmospherebychemicalprocessesthatarestillnotfullyunderstood.

However,theacidsareformed,theyhavealreadybeenchargedwithasubstantiallistofdamages.Corrosionofmetalstructuresinwindwardareasofthecountryhasbeenwell-documented,butitisarelativelyminorentryonthelist.Otherformsofdamagearefarmoreinsidiousandlonger-lasting.Thereisevidence,forexample,thattheacidsleachheavymetals—aluminum,lead,andmercury—fromthesoil,whichthenpoisonplantrootsanddeprivethemofvitalnutrients.Inlakesandrivers,theacidaltersthebloodchemistryinfish.Themetals,meanwhile,irreversiblydamagethegillsystemsofcertainspecies,suchasbassandwalleye.Astheconcentrationofpoisonrises,egghatchingisreducedandthenumberofdeformedembryosincreases.

Theeffectsofacidrainaremoresevereintheeasternpartofthecountryfortworeasons.First,mostcoalburningoccursinOhio,Illinois,andIndiana,accordingtoEvilleGorham,professorofecologyandbotanyattheUniversityofMinnesotaandamodernpioneerinthestudyofacidrain.ThesestatesproduceaboutaquarterofallU.S.oxideemissions,hetoldthisyear’sAmericanChemicalSocietymeetinginLasVegasandtheairborneparticulatestendtowindupintheNortheast.

ThesecondreasonisthevaryingchemicalmakeupofNorthAmericansoils,Westernsoilsarerelativelyrichinneutralizingcompoundslikemagnesiumandcalciumcarbonates,butthecoarse,shalloweasternsoilshavemuchlessofthisbufferingcapacity.Together,thesefactorsexplainwhatGorhamcallsa“poolofacidairpollution”overtheNortheastthatisstronglysuspectedofhavingkilledorinjuredaquaticlifeinmorethan200lakesinNewYork’sAdirondackregion.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acidrain（

）.

2.Theauthorimpliesthat

（

）.

3.ThedamagingeffectsofacidrainarefeltlessintheWestbecause

（

）.

4.TheLEASTseriousproblemcausedbyacidrainisthe（

）.

问题1选项

A.leadstobirthdefectsinfish

B.ishallucinogenic

C.travelsinawesterlydirection

D.addsmineralstothesoil

问题2选项

A.legislatorsarephilosophical

B.bureaucratsseeminglypreferdiscussiontoaction

C.awarenessofaproblemisfutile

D.acidrainisadebatablephenomenon

问题3选项

A.elementsinwesternsoilneutralizetheacid

B.thewesternstatesproduceone-fourthofallAmericanemissionsofsulfuroxides

C.theAdirondackregionisinupstateNewYork

D.easternsoilisrichinmagnesium

问题4选项

A.leachingofheavymetalsfromthesoil

B.alterationofbloodchemistryinfish

C.poisoningofplantroots

D.corrosionofmetalstructures

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到第三段中Inlakesandrivers,theacidaltersthebloodchemistryinfish.Themetals,meanwhile,irreversiblydamagethegillsystemsofcertainspecies,suchasbassandwalleye.Astheconcentrationofpoisonrises,egghatchingisreducedandthenumberofdeformedembryosincreases.在湖泊和河流中，这种酸会改变鱼类的血液化学成分。与此同时，这些金属对某些物种的鳃系统造成了不可逆转的损害，如鲈鱼和海参。随着毒素浓度的增加，卵孵化减少，畸形胚胎的数量增加。”可知A项正确。

2.判断推理题。定位到第一段中“Asaresult,weknowmoreaboutacidrainanditseffects,thaneverbefore,butitseemsaregulatorysolutionhasneverbeenfurtheraway.因此，我们比以往任何时候知道更多关于酸雨及其影响，这似乎是一个前所未有的监管解决方案。”可知C项正确。

3.判断推理题。定位最后一段中“ThesecondreasonisthevaryingchemicalmakeupofNorthAmericansoils,Westernsoilsarerelativelyrichinneutralizingcompoundslikemagnesiumandcalciumcarbonates,butthecoarse,shalloweasternsoilshavemuchlessofthisbufferingcapacity.第二个原因是北美土壤的化学组成不同，西方土壤相对丰富的镁和钙碳酸盐中和化合物，但东部粗糙、浅层土壤的这种缓冲能力要小得多。”可知A项西部土壤中的元素中和了这种酸正确。

4.细节事实题。定位到第三段中“Corrosionofmetalstructuresinwindwardareasofthecountryhasbeenwell-documented,butitisarelativelyminorentryonthelist.（酸雨）对金属结构的腐蚀在该国（美国）迎风的地区是显而易见的，不过该腐蚀所带来的损害在酸雨所带来的损害名单上却是相对较小的。”可知D项正确。

7.单选题

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto（

）withthelawwillbepunished.

问题1选项

A.conceal

B.consent

C.abide

D.comply

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项conceal“隐藏，隐瞒”；B选项consent“同意，准许”；C选项abide“忍受”；D选项comply“遵守”。

句意：不言而喻，拒绝遵守法律的人将受到惩罚。complywith意为“遵守”，所以选项D正确。

8.单选题

Nowthattheexcitementofcelebratinghashadachanceto（）,it'stimetoturntheOlympicidealintoreality.

问题1选项

A.cutoff

B.carryaway

C.turnoff

D.wearoff

【答案】D

【解析】动词词组辨析。cutoff"切断,中断";carryaway"运走;失去自制力";turnof"关闭";wearoff"逐渐减少,逐渐消失"。句意:既然庆祝的激情已经开始逐渐消失,那么是时候把奥林匹克理想变成现实了。

9.单选题

Itisaninescapablefactthattomostpeople______whenfailingpowersofmindorbodymakeitimpossibleforthemtomanagetheirdailyliveswithoutsomesortofhelp.

问题1选项

A.whosetimecomes

B.forwhomtimecomes

C.itcomestime

D.therecomesatime

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.whosetimecomes……的时候到了B.forwhomtimecomes对于某人来说时候到了

C.itcomestime时候到了D.therecomesatime有这么一个时候

【考查点】固定句式。

【解题思路】由空格后面的when可知，therecomesatimewhen…为常用的固定句式，表示“……时候到了，有这么一个时候……”。因此，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

Fact后面是that引导的同位语从句，不能用whose或者whom来充当从句中的主语，A、B选项不符合从句语法；

C选项没有这个用法，排除。

【句意】对大多数人来说，有这么一个时候，当心智或身体力量的衰退使他们在没有某种帮助的情况下无法管理他们的日常生活，这是一个不可避免的事实。

10.单选题

Fiveyearsago,thatcoupleboughtthehouse（）_makingaquickprofitoutofit.

问题1选项

A.witheyesopento

B.ingoodeyesat

C.withaneyeto

D.byaneyeat

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析。withaneyeto“着眼于，指望着”为固定搭配。没有A、B和D项的搭配，可排除。句意：五年前，那对夫妇买下这所房子，希望能很快从中获利。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Sincetheendofthewar,asemblanceof（）hasgraduallyreturnedwithpeoplegoingtoworkandshopsreopening.

问题1选项

A.normalization

B.norm

C.normative

D.normality

【答案】D

【解析】语法和形近词辨析。根据asemblanceof可知，空格应该填入一个名词，所以选项C可排除。normalization“正常化；正规化”，norm“标准，规范”；normality“常态”。句意：自从战争结束以来，随着人们去上班和一些商店的重新开张，表面上渐渐地恢复了正常状态。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

Itwas1961andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableandthethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorse’shoofsfromWagonTrain,orCheyenne,andlaughterfromIloveLucyorMisterEd.Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.

ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid,“andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread.”Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I’ddriveyoutothelibrary.”

Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.

Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwithaflipofapage.

SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened;Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.

NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCenterinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan’tbelievemylife’sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.

ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan—thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.

1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

3.Themotherwas（

）tomakehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

4.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

5.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool

B.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork

C.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool

D.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas

问题2选项

A.Hecamefrommiddle-classfamily.

B.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

C.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

问题3选项

A.hesitant

B.unprepared

C.reluctant

D.determined

问题4选项

A.Theywereafraid.

B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent.

D.Theywereeagertogo.

问题5选项

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind

B.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind

C.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain

D.herealizedthatbookofferedhimnewexperience

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“WewatchedTVeverynight.和Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.我们每天晚上都看电视。晚饭后,我们就会躺在妈妈的床上,再看几个小时电视。”可知作者每天放学后花了很多时间看电视。故C项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第一段“MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.我和哥哥、妈妈住在底特律一所肮脏的多户住宅里。”可知作者来自于单亲家庭。故B项正确。“Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.我们的母亲只上完了三年级。但她比我们男孩当时所知道的要聪明得多。她注意到在她打扫书籍的郊区房子里有一些东西。”可知作者的母亲接受的教育很少，并且是个清洁工，故C、D项正确。题干问的是哪一项不正确，故选答案A。

3.推理判断题。由第二段“Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.所以有一天她回到家，关掉电视，让我们坐下来，解释说她的儿子们将要做些改变。”可知作者母亲让他俩读书的态度是十分坚决的。故D项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据第三段“Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.所以没过多久，就有两个脾气暴躁的男孩坐在她那辆1959年产的白色奥兹莫比尔汽车上，准备去底特律公共图书馆。我不情愿地在儿童读物间徘徊。”可知他们第一次去图书馆是不情愿的。故B项正确。

5.推理判断题。由第四段“Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.当时我并没有意识到这一点，但这种体验与看电视完全不同。”可知作者当时并没有意识到书本给他带来的新体验。故D项“他意识到书籍给他带来全新的体验”不正确。

13.单选题

DespiteDenmark'smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandselfindulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay’’Denmarkisagreatcountry."You’resupposedtofigurethisoutofyourself.

Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprograms,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:threedaysatastudycenterhearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglish,inadvertising,popmusic,theInternet,anddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs―thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit—olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,"Fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,"andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevails,wherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgaze,whereSirandMadamhavedisappearedfromcommonusage,evenMr.andMrs.It’sanationofrecycles-about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew―andnonuclearpowerplants.It’sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral.

Suchanationofoverachievers~abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,"Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere."So,ofcourse,one'sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings("ForeignersOutofDenmark!")，brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark.

Nonetheless,itisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtown,itcomestoanendatastonewall,andontheothersideisafieldofbarley,anicecleanline:townhere,countrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochange,evenifit’s2a.m.andthere’snotacarinsight.However,Danesdon'tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-a-a.m.-for-the-green-lightpeople—that’showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.Danesseethemselvesasjazzypeople,improvisers,morefreespiritedthanSwedes,butthetruthis(thoughoneshouldnotsayit)thatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources，limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagen,andthesebright,young,English-speaking,utterlyhonest,highlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinavia,theBalticStates,andRussia.Airports,seaports,highways,andraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained.

Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn’tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormines,andnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife.

ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship,andyoushouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou'reentitledto,you'reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone,thebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjob,thestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytowhetherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.

1.TheauthorthinksthatDanesadoptaattitudetowardstheircountry（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaDanishcharacteristiccitedinthepassage?

3.Theauthor'sreactiontothestatementbytheMinistryofBusinessandIndustryis（

）

4.Accordingtothepassage,Danishorderliness（

）.

5.AttheendofthepassagetheauthorstatesallthefollowingEXCEPTthat（

）

问题1选项

A.boastful

B.modest

C.deprecating

D.mysterious

问题2选项

A.Fondnessofforeign.

B.Equalityinsociety.

C.Linguistictolerance.

D.Persistentplanning.

问题3选项

A.disapproving

B.approving

C.noncommittal

D.doubtful

问题4选项

A.setsthepeopleapartfromGermanandSwedes

B.sparesDanessocialtroublesbesettingotherpeople

C.isconsideredeconomicallyessentialtothecountry

D.preventsDanesfromacknowledgingexistingtroubles

问题5选项

A.Danesareclearlyinformedoftheirsocialbenefits

B.Danestakeforgrantedwhatisgiventothem

C.theopensystemhelpstotidethecountryover

D.orderlinesshasalleviatedunemployment

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句DespiteDenmark'smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes，theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandselfindulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.提到尽管在外人看来丹麦有着非常多的有点，但是丹麦人自己并没有引以为傲，反而他们经常会谈论自己国家面积小、语言难懂等缺点，可以看出他们是非常谦虚的，选项B符合题意。

2.文章第三段skinheadgraffitionbuildings("ForeignersOutofDenmark!")提到在某些建筑物上写着“外国人滚出丹麦”可知部分丹麦人对外国人并不友好，选项A符合题意。

3.文章第三段abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,"Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere.”提到丹麦工商部印发的宣传册上宣传丹麦是世界上最干净，最有秩序的国家，然而作者紧接着提出丹麦街头的一些不好的现象，比如有些大楼上写着“外国人滚出丹麦”、破碎的啤酒瓶，还有喝醉了的青少年等，由此看出作者对工商局的宣传持不同意的态度。选项A符合题意。

4.文章第四段提到得益于做事有序，丹麦在欧洲的未来是作为代理商、银行和产品分销商（itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods），选项C符合题意。

5.文章最后一段提到youshouldn’tfeelbadfortaking