09口腔之大四课件-96级专业英语试卷

口腔96级专业英语试 得分Pleasetranslatefollowingwordsinto1.腮2.白3.修复4.釉5.粘6.牙本7.义8.调9.髁状10.烤11.铸12.银合13.腭14.钻15.牙髓16.龋17.咀18.牙龈19.充20.牙菌Pleasetranslatefollowingwordsinto9. 18.19. 21. 26.27. 28.29. 30.Pleasetranslatefollowingphasesintofree- 2.adenoidcystic3.fixed 4.wedge- d5.gypsum 6.spontaneous7. levelingofthelower9.removable 10.discoidlupusPleasetranslatefollowingarticlesintoIndentalschool,studentsweretaughtthatthedevelopmentofcarieswasdependentonasusceptiblehostacariogenicoral"microbialfloraandafermentablecarbohydratesubstrate.ThisconceptisdepictedthroughKeye'srings.Latertheseringsweresurroundedbyalargeronewhichwaslabeledsalivatoemphasizetheimportanceofsalivaintheoriginofthedisease.AnumberofsecondaryfactorsalsowereidentifiedthataffectthecariesTheinteractionofsalivabacterialandmicrobialproductsintheproductionofbiofionthetoothsurfacesisanareawheremuchresearchneedstobedirected.Itisknownthatplaqueisabiofilmthatiscomposedofapolysaccharidematrixlikeallbiofi.Furtherknowledgeconcerningformationandstructureofbiofiwillhelpnotonlyintheunderstandingofthebacterialcolonizationofthetoothsurfacebutalsointhelong-termpreventionofdentalcaries.Althoughdiabetesmellitusandsomeotherdiseasesareassociatedwithxerostomia(口腔干燥)themostwidelystudieddiseasestateaffectingsalivaryfunctioninamajorwayistheexocrinopathyknownasSjögren'ssyndrome.Thisautoimmunediseaseischaracterizedbyinflammationoftheglandswithlymphocyteinfiltration.Secretorycomponentsespeciallyacinarcellsdeteriorateresultinginasubstantialdiminutionofsalivaflow.Thecauseofthelossofsecretoryfunctionisunderintenseinvestigation.Thediseaseaffectsallofthesalivaryglandsincludingthesalivaryglandsandischaracterizedbyxerostomiaaprimarycomplaintofpatients.PatientswithSjögren'ssyndromesuffersimilarchallengestotoothstructureasthosewhohaveexperiencedradiationtherapy.Thereductioninsalivaryflow soseverethatpatientshaveadifficulttimeswallowingandtalking.Cariesratesincreasedramaticallyinthesepatientsunlessstepsaretakentopreventdeteriorationofthetoothsurface.Thedecreaseinsalivaryflowisrelatedtotheincreaseincariesincidenceindicatingthatthedecreaseofvolumeofsecretionordecreaseinthefunctionsofitscomponentsisimportantinthecontrolofdentalcaries.Temporomandibulardisorder(TMD)hasbeendefinedbytheAmericanAcademicofOrofacialPain(AAOP)as“acollectivetermembracinganumberofclinicalproblemsthatinvolvethemasticatorymusculaturethetemporomandibularjoint(TM})andassociatedstructuresorboth.”Relativetotheaforementioned(前面提到的)typesorcategoriesoforofacialpainTMDisregardedasasubclassificationofmusculoskeletalFortheclinicianitisimportanttounderstandthatTMDisacategoryoforofacialpainbutorofacialpainisnotalwaysaTMD.Assuchtheclinicianneedstodevelopadifferentialdiagnosistomanagetheappropriatecausesofthepatient'ssignsandsymptoms.Tobeabletodevelopadifferentialdiagnosishowevertheclinicianneedstounderstandpainmechanismsandpainpathways itantwithanunderstandingofvariousprimaryandsecondarycontributingfactorsthatcanbecausesoforofacialpain.Changesinarchlengthandarchcircumferencealsooccurduringdevelopmentwhichareacombinationoftheanteroposterior,transverseandverticalchangestakingplace.Archcircumference(thedistancefrommolarto molararoundthearch)decreasesasmallamountduringgrowth.Archlength(distancefromthelabialoftheincisorsatthemidlinetoalinebetweenthemesialsofthe molars)decreasesslightlystartingbeforetheemergenceofthepermanent molarastheprimatespacesclosebetweenthedeciduousmolars.Asthemaxillaryincisorseruptthearchlengthincreasesasmallamountbutthendecreasesastheprimarymolarsarelost.Theearlyandlatedecreasesinarchlengthexceedtheincreaseinarchlengthassociatedwithincisoremergence.Hence,thenetresultisthatthearchlengthisshorteratage18thanatage4.Notonlyaretheteethmovingwithinthearchbutalsothereisachangeinpositionoftheentiremaxillaryarch.Whenallthechangeswithinthedentalarchrelativetothebodyofthemaxillaaresummed,asignificantmesialshiftoftheteethisseen.Hencealthoughthemaxillarydentalarchincreasesinwidthandheightitalsodecreasesanteroposteriorlvinlengthandmovesanteriorly.Adultorthodonticshashadanamazingresurgenceinpopularityoverthelast10years.Manyorthodonticpracticesinclude40%to50%adultpatients.PopularityofadultorthodonticscannotbeattributedtoonesingleForemostamongthecausesisanincreasedawarenessofmalocclusion,estheticsandfunctionalbenefitsoforthodontics.Recentimprovementsinorthodonticmaterialsaswellasestheticallypleasingandbiomechanicallysoundapplianceshavealsoplayedapositiverole.Agoodorthodontictreatmentdemandsastate-of-the-artdatabaseproperdiagnosisanindividualizedtreatmentplanawellthought-outmechanicsplanandanefficientexecutionofthetreatment.Foradultssomeadditionalconsiderationsarenecessarybecausegrowthorcertaintreatmentregimenssuchasheadgearorothercumbersomeappliancescannotbeincorporatedintothetreatment.Pleasetranslatefollowingsentencesinto可以通过选择口腔系统达到人人享有口腔卫生在许多双尖牙区的X线片上，颏牙齿根尖部显示透射区正畸医师的主要责任包括、预防、阻断和治疗牙齿的各种错合畸96级专业英 得分Pleasetranslatefollowingwordsinto1.parolid2.4.5.6.7.8.occlusal9.20.dentalPleasetranslatefollowingwordsinto1.造釉细胞2.树蜂窝织正颌外科5.包埋水门倒8.微渗10.11.牙12.口13.唇14.类天疱15.牙16.氟17.拔牙18.牙19.明胶海20.儿科21.美22.固位23.连接24.卡25.栓26.高嵌27.口腔卫28.根尖29.支30.近中Pleasetranslatefollowingphasesinto腺样囊性 2.游离3.固定矫正 4.生石5.楔状缺 6.自发7.排齐下 8.牙