(完整word版)人教版高中英语必修三unit4知识点汇总及练习

第第页共25页2.intime及时；最终；迟早［典例］.Theycaughtthebusintime.他们及时赶上了汽车。.Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.如果坚持下去，你们总有一天会成功的。［短语归纳］time短语：intimeforsth./todosth.及时；不迟innotime立刻；马上atnotime永不……atonetime有个时期；曾经；一度atatime一次；每次attimes=sometimes有时allthetime一直；始终；老是ontime按时；准时bythetime到……的时候为止forthetimebeing暂时；暂且takeone'stime不着急；慢慢来killtime消磨时间fromtimetotime不时地，间或manyatime常常；多次onceuponatime从前atthesametime同时；尽管如此aheadoftime提前，提早raceagainsttime争分夺秒timeandagain一次又一次；重复地keeptime(钟表)走得准keepbadtime(钟、表)走得不准takeone'stime慢慢来，别急haveagood/nice/hardtime(in)doingsth做某事很……It's(high/about)timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.是做某事的时候了［练习］用time短语填空。.Theysentthemailtomejust,beforeI1eft..Williamarrivedatthetheatrejustfortheplaywastobeon.TOC\o"1-5"\h\z.Hurryup!Theconcertwillbegin..willIgiveup..Theboylaughedandcried..hewasaddictedtoplayingwebgames,butnowhedevoteshimselftowriting,whichdelightshisparents..Don'ttrytodoeverythingatonce;takeitabit..You'llhaveyourownofficesoon,butyou'llhavetoshareonewithme.3.inone'sturn轮到某人；接着［典例］Iwillseeyou,eachinyourturn.我将要一个接着一个地看你。［短语归纳］turn短语：inturn轮流；一个接着一个byturns轮流；一阵一阵taketurns(todosth.)轮流(做某物)It'sone'sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事了［练习］用turn短语填空或翻译句子。.Shewenthotandcold..我们轮流着开车。.今天轮到谁发言了？4.prevent...from=stop...from=keepfrom使不做事；阻止做某事［典例］Hisbackinjurymaypreventhimfromplayingintomorrow'sgame.他背部的伤可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。【用法辨析】注意:prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可省,keepsb.fromdoingsth.中from不可省略，因为keepsb.doingsth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被动语态中，三者的from都不可省；当后接sb'sdoingsth.作宾语时，只能用prevent或stop，不能用keep，因为没有keepsb'sdoingsth.的句型。［练习］根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。.Doctorstookactionto(防止这种疾病的蔓延)..OfcourseIcan'tyourgoingabroad.3）.警察阻止他们携带武器。5.blockout挡住（光线）［典例］Thatwallblocksoutallthelight.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。［短语归纳］out短语：breakout爆发，发生burstout大声喊叫，突然…起来goout外出；过时；（灯）熄putout关（灯）；扑灭；生产comeout出现，显露；出版，结果是helpout帮助解决难题（或摆脱困境）lookout留神；注意watchout注意；提防findout找出，查明，发现pickout挑出，辨认出，分辨出speakout大声地说，大胆地说thinkout仔细思考某事；想出（主意等）hangout挂出，闲逛knockedout（拳击中）击倒，打昏sellout售完（某种货物），脱销turnout结果证明是runout（of）用完，耗尽checkout结帐离去，办妥手续离去handout分发，散发giveout分发；用完，消耗尽；发出（光、声音等）［练习］用out短语填空。1）.Attheendoftheracehislegsandhecollapsedontheground.2）.It'seasytohiminacrowdbecauseheisverytall.3）.Hisnwebookwillnextmonth.4）.Wethoughtitwasgoingtorain;ittobeafindday.5）.Weof/fromourhotelat5a.m.tocatcha7a.m.flight.6.beoff=setoff出发；动身；不用上班/学/开张［典例］Thenwewereoff.随后我们就启程了。［短语归纳］off短语：getoff下车falloff从……摔下来takeoff脱下；起飞keepoff远离turnoff关闭payoff付清，还清set...off给……送行kickoff踢球jumpoff跳下giveoff散发showoff炫耀shutoff关闭［练习］用turn短语填空或翻译。1）.ItisaSundayandwe（不用上班）today.2）.Herhusbandonabusinesstripsomewhere.3）.Therewesawasignreading,“thegrass”.4）.Aftertenyearsofhardwork,shefinallyallherdebts.breakout（灾难、战争等）突发；爆发［典例］Firebrokeoutduringthenight.夜间突然发生了火灾。［短语归纳］break短语：breakawayfrom脱离（党派）；摆脱（控制）breakdown毁掉；坏掉；（计划/谈判）失败breakup打碎；拆散；（会议）结束；分裂（解体）breakoff（使）停止；中断；折断breakintosth.强行进入某处breakone'sword/promise食言；说话不算数［练习］用break短语填空。1）.AterribletsunamiinthesoutheasterncountriesofAsiaatChristmas,2004.2）.WhendoyouforChristmas?3）.Negotiationsbetweenthetwosideshave.4）.Hishousewaslastweek.watchout密切注视；当心；提防［典例］Watchout!There'sacarcoming.小心!汽车来了。［重点用法］watchoutforsb/sth警惕或注意某人/事物watchover保护；照看［练习］用watch短语填空。1).Theremusthavebeenanangelmethatday..WhatproblemsshouldIwhenbuyinganoldhouse?.You'llbecomeanalcoholicifyoudon't.V・重点句子Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石。最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。［解释］“be+不定式”结构通常用来表示“按计划或安排将要做的事情”，或表示上级对下级、父母对子女下命令，“应该做某事”或表示某事“将必然发生”。例如：1).Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:youaretogotoherofficeafterclass.你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。.Theworstisstilltocome.更糟糕的事情还会发生。.We'llholdameetingtomorrow.=Wearetoholdameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingistobeheldtomorrow.我们明天将开会。.ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.这趟火车将于上午10:25到达北京。［练习］完成句子或翻译。1).Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:youtoherofficeafterclass.(你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。)2).Theworstisstill(come)..We'llholdameetingtomorrow.=Weameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingistomorrow.4).这趟火车将于上午10：25到达北京。Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.那使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。［解释］此句中的made后跟带形式宾语it的复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式复合结构，“forlivetobegintodevelop”，宾语补足语是possible。再如：Shemadeitherbusinesstofindoutwhowasresponsible.她非要弄清楚是谁的责任不可。提示：常用于此结构的动词还有think，feel，find，consider等。例如：.Wemakeitaruletogetupat6o'clockeverymorning..Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim..HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。.Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.我觉得我有责任帮助你。［练习］完成句子或翻译。.We(规定)togetupat6o'clockeverymorning..I(发现很难)togetalongwithhim．.他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。.我觉得我有责任帮助你。ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。［解释］twiceas…as…“是……的两倍”，英语常见倍数的表示句型：.倍数+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的几倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis..倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than“比(多/大)几倍”Myroomistwicelargerthanhis..倍数+the+表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+of“是……的长度/高度/宽度几倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。例如:1).Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。2).Therearefourtimesasmanystudentsasweexpected.到的学生是我们预计的五倍。［解释］twiceas...as...是的两倍，英语常见倍数的表示句型：.倍数+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的几倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis..倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than“比(多/大)几倍”Myroomistwicelargerthanhis..倍数+the+表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+of“是……的长度/高度/宽度几倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。［练习］完成句子或翻译。1).这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。2).到的学生是我们预计的五倍。Thereareweexpected.课文要点I•课文词汇填空根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：Astheresultof"BigBang",theviolentearthslowlysettledintoaglobe1(move)aroundthesun.Thegasseswhichweretomaketheearth's2(大气层)cameintobeingfromtheexplosionofthedustball,withwater3(follow)themwhiletheearthcooleddown.Itallowedthebeginningforlife.Manymillionsofyears4,thefirst5(极度的)smallplantsbegantoappear6_thesurfaceofthewater,7(繁殖)andfillingtheseaandoceans,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Astimepassed,greenplantstakingcarbondioxideandproducing8（氧气）cametolandandgrewintoforest.Laterthechainsoflivescontinued,suchasinsects,amphibians,reptiles,dinosaursandmammals,thetypicalof9ishumanbeing.Theydon'tonlydo10totheearthbutcausedamagetoit.皿•课文佳句背诵与仿写1【原句】Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.［模仿要点］句子结构：what+主语从句+is…ti时间名词+定语从句【模仿1】他要给我什么礼物一直不知，直到昨天下文他来看我是我才知道。【模仿2】没人知道我们将要得到什么样的工作，直到3年后我们从大学毕业以后才知道。2【原句】Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.［模仿要点］句子结构：主语从句+is+that表语从句【模仿1】他想告诉我们的是一天下文当他在回家的路上看见一只小鸟受伤了。【模仿2】他缺席的原因是他在上学时被一辆小车撞伤了。3【原句】Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.［模仿要点］句子结构：which引导一个定语从句对上句情况的进一步说明。【模仿1】我们常常看到有人乱丢乱吐，这弄得我们的环境很脏【模仿2】她的父母非常感激我们，医生也高度评价了我们的急救，这使得我们意识到学习急救的必要性。单元自测1完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Whosaid:"IfIdidn'thavebadluck,Iwouldn'thaveanyluckatall！"However，notall"badluck"shouldbeconsideredasa（n）1thing.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyou2!Inthe1920s,ErnestHemingway3somethingabout"badluck"andgotjustsuchakick.Hewas4tosucceedasawriterwhen5_struck.Helostasuitcasecontainingallthemanuscripts（手稿）thathehadbeenplanningtopublish.Hemingwaycouldn'timaginedoinghisworkalloveragain.Allthosemonthsofwritingweresimply6.Hetoldafriendabouthisbadluck,whotoldhimitwasactuallyverygood7Heassured（向...保证）Hemingwaythatwhenherewrotethestories,hewouldforgetthe8parts;onlythebestmaterialwouldreappear.HeencouragedHemingwaytostartagain,butwithoptimismand9thistime.Hemingwaydidrewritethestoriesandeventuallybecameaworld-famouswriter.Don'tprayforfewerproblems;prayformoreability.Don'taskforsmallerchallenges;askforgreater10.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyouforwards!1.A.essentialB.confusingC.acceptableD.bad2.A.backwardsB.offC.onD.forwards3.A.learnedB.saidC.heardD.solved4.A.waitingB.strugglingC.dreamingD.wishing5.A.challengesB.changesC.disasterD.failure6.A.buriedB.failedC.wastedD.undone7.A.fortuneB.resultC.journeyD.idea8.A.weakB.importantC.goodD.last9.A.knowledgeB.confidenceC.imaginationD.luck10.A.chanceB.sympathyC.wisdomD.kick语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1—10的相应位置上。OnWednesdaymorningateleveno'clock,IwaswalkingdownMainStreet.Ihadjustparkedmycar.SuddenlyIheardtwoshots.Ithoughtthey1(come)fromthebank.Irantowardthebank.Isawaman2(come)out.Hewasshortandfat3abigmoustache.More4(importance),hehadabagofmoneyandaguninhishands!5Icoulddoanything,heranupthestreet_6disappearedbehindabus.ThatafternoonIwenttothemovies.7happened?Isawthethiefagainatthefootofthestairs!Itelephonedthepolicefromatelephonenexttotherestrooms.Thepolicearrivedin8thanfiveminutes.Theyarrestedthethiefjustashe_9(buy)achocolatebarfromthecandymachine.Whatanexcitingday!Andbestofall,thebankgaveme10$100reward.Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars答案语言要点I•词语辨析loudly/loud/aloud【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。Keys:1).louder2).aloud3).loudly4).loud5).louderunlike/dislike【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。Keys:1).dislikes2).unlike3).disliked4).unlikeremain/leave【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。Keys:1).left2).remained3).remaining4).left5).left6).waiting7).unchanged8).tobedoneclimate/weather【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。Keys:1).weather2).climate3).climate4).climate;weathernowthat/since/because/as【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。Keys:1).since/nowthat2).because3).for4).Now(that)II•词性变化【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。Keys:1).lied;lay;laid2).prevention3).violence4).development5).developing6).fundamental7).physicistIII•重点词汇systemn.［c］系统；体系；制度；方法systematicadj有系统的;有条理的［练习］根据句子的意思完成句子。Keys:1).educationalsystem2).railwaysystemlayvt.(laid,laid,laying)把放下；摆设；铺(地毯)；产(蛋)［练习］根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。Keys:1).lays2).laysgreatstresson3).lays/puts;aside3.harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的harmn.&vt.伤害(某人)［练习］根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。Keys:1).harmful2).harm3).Readinginthesundoesalotofharmtoyoureyes.=Readinginthesundoesyoureyesalotofharm.=Readinginthesunisveryharmfultoyoureyes.4.existvi.存在；生存existencen.存在［练习］用exist的短语或其适当形式填空。Keys:1).exists;in2).existonto3).existencepuzzlevt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)苦思n.谜；难题puzzledadj.无法了解的；困惑的puzzlingadj.令人费解的［练习］用puzzle的适当形式填空或翻译。Keys:1).puzzling2).ampuzzled3).puzzled4).puzzle5)waspuzzled6).Whatpuzzlesmepullv拉，拖，拔；移动n.拉，拖；拉(引)力［练习］用pull短语的适当形式填空。Keys:1).pullingout2).pulledout3).pulltogethercheervt.&vi.(使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼cheerfuladj.高兴的cheerlessadj.不高兴的［练习］用cheer的短语或其适当形式填空。Keys:1).cheered2).cheered;on3).cheeringW・重点词组tobeginwith=tostartwith以开始；由作为开头；首先［练习］根据句子的意思完成句子。Keys:1).began/started;with2).began/startedwith3).Tostart/beginwith

2.intime及时；最终；迟早［练习］用time短语填空。Keys:1).intime5).atthesametimeKeys:1).intime5).atthesametime2).intime6).Atonetime3).innotime7).atatime4).Atnotime8).forthetimebeinginone'sturn轮到某人；接着［练习］用turn短语填空或翻译句子。Keys:1).byturns2).Wedrovethecarbyturns/inturn.=Wetookturnstodrivethecar.3).Whoseturnisittogiveaspeechtoday?prevent...from=stop...from=keepfrom使不做事；阻止做某事［练习］根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。Keys:1).prevent/stop/keepthediseasefromspreading2).prevent/stop3).Thepoliceprevented/stopped/keptthemfromcarryingweapons.=Theywereprevented/stopped/keptfromcarryingweapons.blockout挡住(光线)［练习］用out短语填空。Keys:1).gaveout2).pick;out3).comeout4).turnedout5).checkedoutbeoff=setoff出发；动身；不用上班/学/开张［练习］用turn短语填空或翻译。Keys:1).areoff2).wasoff3).Keepoff4).paidoffbreakout(灾难、战争等)突发；爆发［练习］用break短语填空。Keys:1).brokeout2).breakup3).brokendown4).brokeninto8.watchout密切注视；当心；提防［练习］用watch短语填空。Keys:1).watchingover2).watchoutfor3).watchoutV・重点句子Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth它(地atmosphere.巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石。最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。［练习］完成句子或翻译。Keys:1).aretogo2).tocome3).aretohold;tobeheld4).ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.那使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。［练习］完成句子或翻译。Keys:1).makeitarule2).findithard3).HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.4).Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。［练习］完成句子或翻译。Keys:1).Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.2).fourtimesasmanystudentsas课文要点I•课文词汇填空答案：1.moving2.atmosphere3.following4.later5.extremely6.on7.multiplying8.oxygen9.which10.goodIII.课文佳句背诵与仿写1【原句】Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.答案：Whatgifthewouldgivemewasuncertainuntilyesterdayafternoonwhenhecametoseeus.【模仿2】没人知道我们将要得到什么样的工作，直到3年后我们从大学毕业以后才知道。答案：Whatjobswewillgetisunknownuntil3yearslaterwhenwewillgraduatefromuniversity.2【原句】Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.答案：Whathewantedtotellusisthatoneafternoonwhenhewasonhiswayhomehesawabirdwhichwasdying.【模仿2】他缺席的原因是他在上学时被一辆小车撞伤了。答案：Whyhewasabsentisthathewasbadlyhurtbyacarwhenhew