(完整版)直接引语和间接引语用法讲解

直接引语和间接引语用法讲解一、概述引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语（directspeech）。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语（indirectspeech）oMr.Blacksaid,“I'mbusy.”Mr.Blacksaidthathewasbusy.二、直接引语陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。1、人称的变化Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”—Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.（I改为he,it不变）Hesaid,“Youtoldmethisstory.”—HesaidthatIhadtoldhimthatstory.（You改为I,me改为him,told改为hadtold）Hesaidtome,“She'sleftherbookinyourroom”.—Hetoldmethatshehadleftherbookinmyroom.（She's—shehad，her不变，your—my）直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称（如:I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours）变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you,your,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。2、时态的变化(1)主句的谓语动词是一般时和过去时直接引语间接引语般现在时般过去时现在进彳丁时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时(不变)般将来时过去将来时般将来进行时过去将来进行时般将来完成时过去将来完成时Hesaid,“IusuallywatchTVonSunday.”—HesaidthatheusuallywatchedTVonSunday.Hesaid,“I'musingtheknife.”—Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”—ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”—Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”—Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.ZhouLansaid,“I'lldoitafterclass.”—ZhouLansaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.Hesaid,“lshallbedoingmyhomeworkthen.”—Hesaidthatheshouldbedoinghishomeworkthen.Hesaid,“Weshallhavefinishedtheworkbythattime.”—Hesaidthattheyshouldhavefinishedtheworkbythattime.注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Theteachersaid,“Theearthisround.”—Theteachersaidthattheearthisround.Hesaid,“IwasborninShangdongin1965.”—HesaidthathewasborninShangdongin1965.(2)主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变Hesays,“Ifinishedthework.Hesaysthathefinishedthe