考研考博-英语-仲恺农业工程学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-仲恺农业工程学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare（）toheartattack.

问题1选项

A.prone

B.disposed

C.infectious

D.accessible

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beproneto“易于…，有…的倾向”；bedisposedto“愿意…，使易感染”；beaccessibleto“容易接近的，容易进入的”。句意：医生对于运用激光给心脏病人做手术很感兴趣。A项符合题意。

2.单选题

Withprice（）somuch,it’shardforthecompanytoplanabudget.

问题1选项

A.fluctuating

B.waving

C.swinging

D.vibrating

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。fluctuate“使波动，使动摇，涨落”；wave“挥手，挥舞”；swing“摇摆，旋转”；vibrate“使振动，使颤动”。句意：由于价格波动大，所以这家公司很难做出预算计划。A项符合题意。

3.单选题

Field-based,sociallycomplexeducationprogramcallforadifferentframeworkandmethodologyforevidencegathering,（）therigorinthe“science”ofinvestigativeprocessesmustbeevaluatedwithadifferentsetofcriteria（）aretraditionallyemployedwithRCTsorquasi-experiment.

问题1选项

A.X...X

B.that...that

C.where...than

D.which...which

【答案】D

【解析】根据题意，第一个空格为非限制定语从句，选项A和B可排除。又因为第二个空也是定语从句，先行词为criteria，所以空格中需填入关系代词在定语从句中充当主语。选项D符合题意。

4.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

一九七八年，我们党召开具有重大历史意义的十一届三中全会，开启了改革开放历史新时期。从那时以来，中国共产党人和中国人民以一往无前的进取精神和波澜壮阔的创新实践，谱写了中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进新的壮丽史诗，中国人民的面貌、社会主义中国的面貌、中国共产党的面貌发生了历史性变化。改革开放是党在新的时代条件下带领人民进行的新的伟大革命，目的就是要解放和发展社会生产力，实现国家现代化，让中国人民富裕起来，振兴伟大的中华民族。

【答案】In1978,ourPartyconvenedthethirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCentralCommitteeoftheCPCwithgreathistoricalsignificance,openinganewhistoricalperiodofreformandopeningup.Sincethen,theChineseCommunistsandtheChinesepeople,withtheirindomitablespiritofenterpriseandgreatinnovationandpractice,havewrittenanewepicofperseveranceandfortitudefortheChinesenation.HistoricchangeshavetakenplaceinthefaceoftheChinesepeople,socialistChinaandtheCommunistPartyofChina.ReformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionthatthePartyisleadingthepeopletocarryoutinthenewera.Itspurposeistoliberateanddeveloptheproductiveforces,modernizethecountry,enrichtheChinesepeopleandrevitalizethegreatChinesenation.

5.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

20世纪80年代以来，中国陆续推出一系列科学技术研究发展的整体计划，旨在战略性地全面提高国家在21世纪的综合科技竞争力。1982年开始实施的国家科技攻关计划，是20世纪中国最大的科技计划。它面向国民经济建设主战场，解决国民经济和社会发展中带有方向性、关键性和综合性的问题，涉及农业、电子信息、能源、交通、材料、资源勘探、环境保护、医疗卫生等领域。

【答案】Sincethe1980s,Chinahaslaunchedaseriesofoverallplansforscientificandtechnologicalresearchanddevelopmentforthepurposeofenhancingthecountry’scomprehensivescientificandtechnologicalcompetitivenessstrategicallyandroundlyin21stcentury.NationalKeyTechnologyR&DProgram,whichiscarriedoutin1982,isChina'’slargestscienceandtechnologyprograminthe20thcentury.Facingthemainbattlefieldofnationaleconomicconstruction,itsolvesdirectional,keyandcomprehensiveproblemsinnationaleconomicandsocialdevelopment,involvingagriculture,electronicinformation,energy,transportation,materials,resourceexploration,environmentalprotection,medicalandhealthcareandotherfields.

6.单选题

Afteraslowsalesstartearlyintheyear,mobilehomeshavebeengainingfavorasan（）toincreasinglyexpensiveconventionalhousing.

问题1选项

A.option

B.alternative

C.supplement

D.addition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项option“选项；选择权；买卖的特权”；B选项alternative“替换物，替代品”；C选项supplement“增补，补充”；D选项addition“添加；加法；增加物”。句意：在销售放缓在这一年早些时候开始出现后，流动房屋作为日益昂贵的传统房屋的一种替代物而一直受到青睐。结合句意，B选项正确。

7.翻译题

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.

Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.

（1）Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.

（2）Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.

Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledperson,whohaddiedinanaccident.

（3）Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsarenormallywhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.

ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.（4）Dr.Geschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerenotcrossed.

（5）Otherresearchersdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain'selectricalactivityandmadeamapoftheelectricalsignals.FrankDuffyexperimentedwiththistechniqueatChildren'sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DrDuffyfoundlargedifferenceinthebrainactivityofnormalchildrenandthosewithreadingproblems.Thedifferencesappearedthroughoutthebrain.Hesaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.

【答案】（1）现在科学家们知道学习障碍有很多不同的种类，且还知道它们是由不同的事物引起的。

（2）你不能仅凭看一眼孩子就能判断他或她是否有学习障碍。这种机能失调没有外在的标志。因此，一些研究人员开始观察大脑本身来了解什么地方可能出了问题。

（3）他们发现了两种不同寻常的情况。一个与控制语言的大脑左半部的细胞有关。这些细胞在正常情况下是白色的。然而，有学习障碍的人这些细胞却是灰色的。

（4）Geschwind博士提出学习障碍主要是由大脑左半部分出现的问题引起的。他认为大脑的这一部分未能正常地发育。

（5）其他研究人员没有检查脑组织。作为替代，他们测量了大脑的电活动，并就这些电信号绘制了一张图。

8.单选题

Wedon’tthinkitisagoodhabitforTomto____inaffairsthatareofnoconcerntohim.

问题1选项

A.impart

B.ponder

C.abound

D.meddle

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.impart（~sthtosb）通知B.ponder（~about/on/oversth）仔细思考

C.abound（~with/in）充满；富于D.meddle（~in/withsth）干涉；管闲事

【答案】D

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】空格处所填词搭配的介词为in，宾语为“与他无关的事”，并且原句对此给出的评价是“不是一个好习惯”，由此可知，D选项“干涉；管闲事”符合原句语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】我们认为Tom介入与他无关的事情不是一个好习惯。

9.单选题

（）ifheiswillingtofitinwiththeplansofthegroup.

问题1选项

A.Thereisnoobjectiontohimjoiningtheparty

B.Thereisnoobjectiononhimjoiningtheparty

C.Thereisnoobjectiontohisjoiningtheparty

D.Noobjectionwillberaiseduponhimjoiningtheparty

【答案】C

【解析】考查动名词复合结构。此处的to是介词，join加ing变成动名词。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，后面一般要接名词，不接动词，但可以接动名词，构成动名词复合结构，格式为：形容词性物主代词+动名词，此处的形容词性物主代词为动名词的逻辑主语。C选项his为形容词性物主代词，也是joining的逻辑主语，因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Fewofuscanignorechangesinourimmediateenvironment.

B.Itisimpossibleforustobeimmunefromoutsideinfluence.

C.Fewofuscanremainunawareofwhathappensaroundus.

D.Itisimportantforustokeepintouchwithourownworld.

问题2选项

A.Makeuphismindtostartalloveragain.

B.Stopmakingunfairjudgementsofothers.

C.Trytofindamoreexcitingjobsomewhereelse.

D.Recognisethenegativeimpactofhiscoworkers.

问题3选项

A.Theyarequitesusceptibletosuicide.

B.Theyimprovepeople’squalityoflife.

C.Theysufferagreatdealfromillhealth.

D.Theyhelppeoplesolvementalproblems.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

【解析】RecordingTwo

Weareverysusceptibletotheinfluenceofthepeoplearoundus.Forinstance,youmayhaveknownsomebodywhohasgoneoverseasforayearorsoandhasreturnedwithanaccentperhaps.Webecomepartofourimmediateenvironment.[19]Noneofusareimmunetotheinfluencesofourownworldandletusnotkidourselvesthatweareuntouchedbythethingsandthepeopleinourlife.Fredgoesofftohisnewjobatafactory.Fredtakeshisten-minutecoffeebreak,buttheotherworkerstakeahalf-an-hour.Fredsays,“What’sthematterwithyouguys?”Twoweekslater,Fredistakingtwenty-minutebreaks.Amonthlater,Fredtakeshishalf-hour.Fredissaying,“Ifyoucan’tbeatthem,jointhem.WhyshouldIworkanyharderthanthenextguy?”

Thefascinatingthingaboutbeinghumanisthatgenerallyweareunawarethattherearechangestakingplaceinourmentality.Itislikereturningtothecity’ssmogaftersomeweeksinthefreshair.Onlythendowerealizethatwehavebecomeaccustomedtothenastysmells.Mixwithcriticalpeople,andwelearntocriticize.Mixwithhappypeople,andwelearnabouthappiness.Whatthismeansisthatweneedtodecidewhatwewantfromlifeandthenchooseourcompany,accordingly.Youmaywellsay,“Thatisgoingtotakesomeeffort.Itmaynotbecomfortable.Imayoffendsomeofmypresentcompany.”Right,butitisyourlife.[20]Fredmaysay,“I’malwaysbroke,frequentlydepressed.I’mgoingnowhere,andIneverdoanythingexciting.”ThenwediscoverthatFred’sbestfriendsarealwaysbroke,frequentlydepressed，goingnowhereandwishingthatlifewasmoreexciting.Thisisnotcoincidence,norisitourbusinesstostandinjudgmentofFred.However,ifFredeverwantstoimprovehisqualityoflife,[20]thefirstthinghe’llneedtodoisrecognizewhathasbeengoingonalltheseyears.

[21]It’snosurprisethatdoctorsasaprofessionsufferalotofillhealthbecausetheyspendtheirlivesaroundsickpeople.Psychiatristshaveahigherincidenceofsuicideintheirprofessionforrelatedreasons.Traditionally,nineoutoftenchildrenwhoseparents’smoke,smokethemselves.Obesityisinpartanenvironmentalproblem.Successfulpeoplehavesuccessfulfriends,andsothestorygoeson.

19.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutusashumanbeings?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问说话人提出的关于人类的观点是什么？说话人说到，我们谁也不能不受我们所在世界的影响，B选项“人不受外界影响是不可能的”是对录音原文的转述，因此正确。A选项“很少人能忽略我们自身所在环境的变化”和C选项“很少人能忽略我们身边发生的事情”都是强调人们察觉到外界环境的变化，但录音中主要讲的是我们很少会意识到自己心态上的变化，因此A选项和C选项可排除；D选项“保持和世界的联系很重要”不属于说话人的观点，因此也可排除。

20.WhatdoesthespeakersayFredshoulddofirsttoimprovehisqualityoflife?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话人认为Fred先得做什么才能提高生活质量？录音中提及如果Fred想要改善他的生活质量，他首先需要做的是认识到这些年来发生了什么。这篇文章的主题就是人们受到自身所处环境的影响，所以说话人的言下之意是让Fred认识到身边的人带给他的负面影响。因此，D选项“认识到身边的人带来的负面影响”正确。A选项“下定决心一切从头再来”；B选项“停止不公平地评判他人”和C选项“去别的地方找份更令人振奋的工作”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

21.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpsychiatrists?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于精神病医生，说话人说了什么？说话人先说到医生这个职业会遭受很多健康问题（sufferalotofillhealth），接着指出在医生职业中，精神病医生的自杀率更高。由此可见，精神病医生也遭受着很多健康问题。C选项“他们的健康状况不佳”符合录音原文，因此正确。A选项“他们很容易自杀”属于过度推断，录音中只是说自杀率更高，并不是说他们很容易自杀，因此不正确；B选项“他们提高了人们的生活质量”，在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“他们帮助人们解决心理问题”是一般性的常识，不属于说话人的看法，因此排除。

11.单选题

Psychologyhasslowlyevolvedintoan（

）scientificdisciplinethatnowfunctionsautonomouslywiththesameprivilegesandresponsibilitiesasothersciences.

问题1选项

A.independent

B.unusual

C.outmoded

D.exceeded

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。independent“独立的”；unusual“不寻常的；与众不同的”；outmoded“过时的”；exceeded“非常的；过度的”。句意：心理学已慢慢演变成一个独立的学科，如今有着与其他自然科学同样特权和责任的它独立自主地行使职责。由functionsautonomously可知A项符合语境。

12.翻译题

在当今快速发展变化的世界，各行各业的领导者都需要有充分的想象力和批判精神，而非某种不成熟的狭隘观点。就现实而言，坚实的人文和科学学科的教育通常会对很多具有挑战性的高级职业，以及越来越多的成年人追求的职业做着最实实在在的准备。没有任何一个特别的研究领域会永远成为安全感、领导力和个人满足感的门票。

【答案】Intoday'sfastchangingworld,leadersinallwalksoflifeneedtohavesufficientimaginationandcriticalspirit,ratherthanthenarrowviewofsomeimmature.Realistically,thesolideducationinthehumanitiesandsciencesoftenbealotofchallengingseniorcareer,aswellasagrowingnumberofadultspursuingcareerdoingthemosttangiblepreparations.Thereisnooneparticularareaofresearchwillalwaysbeasenseofsecurity,leadershipandpersonalsatisfactiontickets.

13.单选题

MostAmericansbelievethatoursocietyofconsumption-happy,fun-loving,jet-travelingpeoplecreatesthegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumber.Contrarytothisview,Ibelievethatourpresentwayoflifeleadstoincreasinganxiety,helplessand,eventually,tothedisintegrationofourculture.Irefusetoidentifyfunwithpleasure,excitementwithjoy,businesswithhappiness,orthefaceless,buck-passing"organizationman"withanindependentindividual.

Fromthiscriticalviewourratesofalcoholism,suicideanddivorce,aswellasjuveniledelinquency,gangrule,actsofviolenceandindifferencetolife,arecharacteristicsymptomsofour“pathologyofnormalcy”.Itmaybearguedthatallthesepathologicalphenomenaexistbecausewehavenotyetreachedouraim,thatofanaffluentsociety.Itistrue,wearestillfarfrombeinganaffluentsociety.Butthematerialprogressmadeinthelastdecadesallowsustohopethatoursystemmighteventuallyproduceamateriallyaffluentsociety.Yetwillwebehappierthen?TheexampleofSweden,oneofthemostprosperous,democraticandpeacefulEuropeancountries,isnotveryencouraging:Sweden,asisoftenpointedout,inspiteofallitsmaterialsecurityhasthehighestalcoholismandsuicideratesinEurope,whileamuchpoorercountrylikeIrelandranksamongthelowestintheserespects.Coulditbethatourdreamthatmaterialwelfareperseleadstohappinessisjustapipedream?

Certainlythehumanistthinkersoftheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,whoareourideologicalancestors,thoughtthatthegoaloflifewasthefullfoldingofaperson'spotentialities;whatmatteredtothemwasthepersonwhoismuch,nottheonewhohasmuchorusesmuch.Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofman,notanend.itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends,thatnotonly“Godisdead”，asNietzschesaidinthenineteenthcentury,butalsomanisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster.

Eachsocietycreatesitsowntypeofpersonalitybyitswayofbringingupchildreninthefamily,byitssystemofeducation,byitseffectivevalues(thatis,thosevaluesthatarerewardedratherthanonlypreached.)Everysocietycreatesthetypesof“socialcharacter”whichisneededforitsproperfunctioning.Itformsmenwhowanttodowhattheyhavetodo.Whatkindofmendoesourlargescale,bureaucratizedindustrialismneed?

Itneedsmenwhocooperatesmoothlyinlargegroups,whowanttoconsumemoreandmoreandwhosetastesarestandardizedandcanbeeasilyinfluencedandanticipated.Itneedsmenwhofeelfreeandindependent,yetwhoarewillingtobecommanded,todowhatisexpected,tofitintothesocialmachinewithoutfriction;menwhocanbeguidedwithoutforce,ledwithoutleaders,promptedwithoutanaimexcepttheaimtobeonthemove,tofunction,togoahead.

1.TheauthorusestheexampleofSwedeninthesecondparagraphtoshowthat（）.

2.Comparedwiththinkersofthe18thand19thcenturies,peopletoday（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichtypeofindividualmightbemostwelcomeintoday’ssociety?

5.Theauthorwritesthisarticleto（）.

问题1选项

A.anaffluencesocietywillbefreefromthosepathologicalphenomena

B.SwedenisabettersocietythananyotherinEurope

C.aprosperouscountywillhavehigheralcoholismandsuicideratesthanapoorcountry

D.happinesshasnothingtodowithmaterialwelfare

问题2选项

A.aremoreconcernedabouthowtobringintofullplaypeople'spotentials

B.carelessaboutthematerialthingsoflifethanaboutthespiritualthings

C.regardmaterialthingsthemostimportantinlife

D.haveabsolutecontroloftheworld

问题3选项

A.theauthorstronglyopposeseconomicproduction

B.theauthorisinfavoroftheideologyofthethinkersofthe18thand19thcenturies

C.theauthorisafollowerofNietzsche

D.theauthorthinksthatprioritiesshouldbegiventoeconomicproduction

问题4选项

A.Peoplewhoarerebellious

B.Peoplewhohavetheorganizingability.

C.Peoplewhoareconformists.

D.Peoplewhocanoperatemachinesproperly.

问题5选项

A.describe

B.inform

C.narrate

D.comment

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第二段提出了问题:物质进步和人们的幸福之间是否有联系？随后通过列举Sweden的例子进行了回答:TheexampleofSweden...isnotveryencouraging(发生在瑞典的例子却并不是那么振奋人心)。由此可知瑞典的例子说明了物质的富裕与人们的幸福之间没有直接联系。因此D项“幸福与物质福利没有多大关系”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。A:更关注如何充分发挥人的潜能。B:不重视物质生活而更重视精神生活。C:视物质财富为生命中最重要的事。D:已经绝对掌控世界。第三段指出:Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofmannotanend.Itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends(对于他们来说，经济成果是展现个人潜能的方式，而不是个人潜能的终结。但是如今，这种展现个人潜能的方式似乎已经不存在了)。以及:...manisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster(人死了，活着的是组织和机器；人成了它们的奴隶，而不是主人)。由此可知，A项和D项错误。B项不符合原文所述。因此C项正确。

第3题:判断推理题。第三段开头先是介绍了18、19世纪人文思想家的观点:thegoaloflifewasthefullfoldingofaperson'spotentialities;whatmatteredtothemwasthepersonwhoismuch,nottheonewhohasmuchorusesmuch(人生的目标是充分展示个人潜在的能力；对他们来说重要的是人本身的价值，而并非占有和使用才是人的价值)。而后指出:Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofman,notanend(对于他们来说，经济成果是展现个人潜能的方式，而不是个人潜能的终结)。此后是转折部分:Itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends,thatnotonly“Godisdead”，asNietzschesaidinthenineteenthcentury,butalsomanisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster(但是如今，这种展现个人潜能的方式似乎已经不存在了。现如今，不仅是‘上帝已死’（尼采在19世纪所说），而且人也已经死了，活着也就是组织机构和机器。并且人已经变成了这些机构和机器的奴隶而不是主人)。由此推测，作者支持18、19世纪人文思想家的观点，但是作者并未表现出对经济成果的偏倚态度。故选B。

第4题:细节事实题。作者在第四段结尾提出问题:Whatkindofmendoesourlargescale,bureaucratizedindustrialismneed?(我们这个大规模的、官僚主义的工业化社会需要的是什么样的人群呢?)。而在最后一段对这种人群进行了说明:whosetastesarestandardized(品位标准化)。以及:...yetwhoarewillingtobecommanded,todowhatisexpected(乐意被指挥，乐意按照他人意愿做事)。由此可知现代社会需要的人是一些墨守成规的人，故选C。

第5题:判断推理题。文章开头提出:大多数人认为物质发展给社会带来了诸多幸福，但是作者持相反态度。接下来便是论证观点:物质财富并不能带来欢乐，本文是评论性质的文章，故选D项。

14.单选题

SusanTellertraveledandlecturedthroughoutthecountryto___educationandprofessionalskillssothatwomencouldenterthepublicworld.

问题1选项

A.advocate

B.acquire

C.proclaim

D.prosecute

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项advocate“提倡，拥护；为……辩护”；B选项acquire“获得；取得；学到；捕获”；C选项proclaim“宣告，公布；声明；表明；赞扬”；D选项prosecute“检举；贯彻；从事；依法进行；起诉；告发；做检察官”。句意：苏珊•泰勒在全国各地旅行和演讲，宣扬教育和专业技能，使妇女能够进入公共世界。根据句意，C选项正确。

15.单选题

Inmostdevelopedcountries,menhavehighersalaries,onaverage,thanwomen.Muchofthesalarydifferentialresultsfromthetendencyofwomentobeinlower-payingoccupations.Thequestionofwhetherthisoccupationalemploymentpatterncanbeattributedtosexdiscriminationisacomplexone.Infact,wagedifferentialsamongoccupationsarethenormratherthantheexception.SuccessfulathletescommonlyearnmorethanNoblePrize-winningacademics;giftedartistsoftencannotearnenoughtosurvive,whilemediocreinvestmentbankersprosper.Givensuchdifferences,thequestionnaturallyarises:talentandabilitybeingequal,whydoesanyone—manorwoman—enteralow-payingoccupation?Oneobviousanswerispersonalchoice.Anindividualmayprefer,forexample,toteachmathatamodestsalaryratherthantobecomeamorehighlypaidelectricalengineer.

Somepeoplearguethatpersonalchoicealsoexplainssex-relatedwagedifferentials.Accordingtothisexplanation,manywomen,becausetheyplaceahighpriorityonparentingandperforminghouseholdservices,choosecertaincareersinwhichtheyarefreetoenterandleavetheworkforcewithminimumpenalty.Theymaychoosetoacquireskills,suchastypingandsalesclerking,thatdonotdepreciaterapidlywithtemporaryabsencesfromtheworkforce.Theymayavoidoccupationalspecialtiesthatrequireextensivetrainingperiods,longandunpredictablehours,andwillingnesstorelocate,allofwhichmakespecializationindomesticactivitiesproblematic.Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-payingoccupationstohigher-payingones.

Analternativeexplanationforsex-relatedwagedifferentialsisthatwomendonotvoluntarilychooselower-payingoccupationsbutareforcedintothembyemployersandsocialprejudices.Accordingtoproponentsofthisview,employerswhodiscriminatemayrefusetohirequalifiedwomenforrelativelyhigh-payingoccupations.Moregenerally,subtlesociety-wideprejudicesmayinducewomentoavoidcertainoccupationsinfavorofothersthatareconsideredmoresuitable.Indeed,the“choice”ofwomentospecializeinparentingandperforminghouseholdservicesmayitselfresultfromthesesubtleprejudices.Whetherthediscriminationisbyemployersinaparticularoccupationorbysocietyasawholeisirrelevant;theeffectwillbethesame.Further,ifsuchdiscriminationdoesoccur,womenexcludedfromcertainoccupationswillfloodothers,andthisincreaseinsupplywillhaveadepressingeffectonwagesinoccupationsdominatedbywomen.

1.Instatingthat“successfulathletescommonlyearnmorethanNobelPrize-winningacademics”,theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto（

）.

2.Whichoneofthefollowingcasesisleastlikelytoinvolvesexdiscrimination,asitisdescribedinthepassage?

3.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisthebestcompletionofthelastparagraphofthepassage?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsexdiscriminationasanexplanationforwagedifferentialscanbestbecharacterizedas（

）.

5.Whichoneofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Demonstratethateducationhaslittletodowithmakingmoney

B.Suggestthatpeoplewithtalentandabilityshouldnotenterlow-payingoccupations

C.Showthathighlypaidoccupationsgenerallyrequirelonghoursandextensivetraining

D.Giveanexampleofhowcertainoccupationsarebetterpaidthanothersregardlessofinherentworthortalentrequired

问题2选项

A.Anemployerhiresamanratherthananequallyqualifiedwoman.

B.Awomanchoosestoenterahigh-payingoccupationthatuseshertalentandability.

C.Awomanchoosesanoccupationthatisalreadydominatedbywomen.

D.Awomanchoosesalow-payingjobthatallowshertodevotemoretimetoherfamily.

问题3选项

A.Wagedifferentialswillbecomemoreexaggeratedandeconomicparitybetweenmenandwomenlessandlesspossible.

B.Unlesssocietychangesitsviews,womenmayneverescapetheconfinesofthefewoccupationsdesignated“ForWomenOnly”.

C.Thequestionis:howlongwillwomenallowthemselvestobeexcludedfrommale-dominatedoccupations?

D.Inthelastanalysis,womenmayneedtoaskthemselvesiftheycanreallyaffordtoallowsexdiscriminationtocontinue.

问题4选项

A.skepticalthatdiscriminationisafactor

B.criticalofsociety’sacceptanceofdiscrimination

C.convincedthattheproblemwillgetworse

D.neutralwithrespecttoitsvalidity

问题5选项

A.WageDifferentialsBetweenMenandWomen

B.WomeninLow-PayingOccupations:DoTheyHaveaChoice?

C.Homevs.Office:HowDoestheModemWomenChoose?

D.TheRoleofSocialPrejudiceinWomen’sCareers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。“Infact,wagedifferentialsamongoccupationsarethenormratherthantheexception.事实上，职业之间的工资差距是常态，而不是例外”与D项“举例说明某些职业的薪水如何比其他职业高，而不考虑其内在价值或所需的才能。”相符。

2.细节事实题。定位到最后一段开头“employerswhodiscriminatemayrefusetohirequalifiedwomenforrelativelyhigh-payingoccupations.歧视女性的雇主可能会拒绝为薪酬相对较高的女性安排工作”以及“Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-payingoccupationstohigher-payingones.根据这一解释，妇女选择减少对发展其职业潜力的投资，减少在家庭以外的努力，就必须付出工资较低的代价。但是妇女不能被认为是歧视的受害者，因为她们更喜欢低收入的职业而不是高收入的职业。”可知D项“女人选择一份薪水低的工作，这样她就能有更多的时间来陪伴家人。”是自愿的行为。

3.推理判断题。“ifsuchdiscriminationdoesoccur,womenexcludedfromcertainoccupationswillfloodothers,andthisincreaseinsupplywillhaveadepressingeffectonwagesinoccupationsdominatedbywomen.如果这种歧视真的发生了，那么女性之间的竞争会扩大，这样以女性为主的公司就会有工资方面的问题。”由全文可知性别差异导致工资差异不断扩大，女性和男女经济平等是越来越不可能的事情。A项“工资差距将变得越来越大，男女经济平等的可能性越来越小。”符合题意。

4.观点态度题。纵观全文，都是不同的人对性别差异这个问题在进行探讨“somepeopleargue”或者“analternativeexplanationforsex-relatedwage”,作者对该问题的态度并没有清晰地表现出来。

5.主旨大意题。由Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-payingoccupationstohigher-payingones.根据这一解释，妇女选择减少对发展其职业潜力的投资，减少在家庭以外的努力，就必须付出工资较低的代价。但是妇女不能被认为是歧视的受害者，因为她们更喜欢低收入的职业而不是高收入的职业。”可知本文主要是围绕女性对于低收入的问题探讨，女性自愿选择低收入工作，是因为要教育小孩和做家务活。B项“从事低收入职业的女性：她们有选择的余地吗?”符合题意。

16.单选题

Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMacArthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.AnecdotalreportssupportthisPabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”Oftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.

Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“BecauseIhadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach,”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrong-willednonconformists.Nonconforinityandstubbornnessare