考研考博-英语-张家口职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-张家口职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Itisfutiletodiscussthematterfurther,because（）goingtoagreeuponanythingtoday.

问题1选项

A.neitheryounorIare

B.neitheryounormeis

C.neitheryounorIam

D.neithermenoryouare

【答案】C

【解析】语法题——考查neither...nor...的用法。当neither…nor…连接两个主语时，需要遵循就近原则，即主谓一致，以靠近谓语动词的，做主语的名词作为人称和数的参考标准，由此可排除A选项。在英语中一般将“我”放在后面，排除D选项；而B选项中的“me”错在宾语形式，此处需要主语形式“I”。因此C选项正确。句意：这件事再讨论也没用了，因为今天你我都不会达成一致意见的。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Claimsleftbehindinbankruptcygenerallyhaveonlya_______chanceofbeingpaid,sincetheyareunsecuredandnotbackedbyassets.

问题1选项

A.slender

B.slim

C.sizable

D.spare

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.slender微薄的，不足的（数量或尺寸）B.slim微薄的，不足的（没有想要的、期待的那么大）（aslimchance机会渺茫）

C.sizable相当大的D.spare不用的，闲置的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词since，可知句子前后表示因果关系，因为在破产中遗留下来的债权没有担保和资金支持，所以得到偿付的机会______，slim符合语境，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合相应的逻辑关系。

【句意】在破产中遗留下来的债权通常只有很小的机会得到偿付，因为它们没有担保，也没有资产支持。

3.单选题

Andthetopic“fat”isforbidden.Eventheslightestpaunchbetraysthatoneislosingthetrimand（

）ofyouth.

问题1选项

A.vague

B.vigor

C.vogue

D.vulgar

【答案】B

【解析】考查形似词辨析。vague“模糊的；含糊的”，形容词；vigor“活力；精力”，名词；vogue“时尚；流行”，名词；vulgar“粗俗的；通俗的”，形容词。句意：“肥胖”的话题被禁止了。即使是稍微隆起的小肚子都暴露出他正失去青春活力。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

（

）muchhasbeenknownaboutmammarycancer,theprecisewaytocureofitstillremainslargelyintherealmoftesting.

问题1选项

A.While

B.Since

C.Because

D.When

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。while在这里的意思为“尽管”；since“因为；由于，既然”，because“因为”；when“当……”。根据句子意思推断选项A最符合题意。句意为：尽管我们对于乳腺癌了解很多，但是关于治疗的最精准的方法仍处于测试阶段。

5.单选题

Asweareonthepointof（）someimportantbusinesswiththem,weshouldliketoknowexactlyabouttheircreditstanding.

问题1选项

A.transmitting

B.transferring

C.transacting

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于我们正准备和他们进行一些交易，所以我们想确切地了解他们的信用状况。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的动名词形式。transmit传播；传送：transfer使转移;调任;transact办理;执行；进行（贸易、谈判等）;transport运输。空格处的宾语是business(商业，交易)，因此C项符合句意。

6.单选题

My（）isforwildflowersratherthancultivatedones.

问题1选项

A.inclination

B.favorite

C.preference

D.fondness

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:inclination“意向；倾向；爱好”；B:favorite“特别喜爱的人（或物）”；C:preference“喜好；偏好；偏爱”；D:fondness“喜欢；喜爱”。句意：我偏爱野生花而不是栽培花。根据语境和句意，这里含有比较级结构，因此C最合适。

7.单选题

Morethanone-thirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia（

）inSanFrancisco.

问题1选项

A.previously

B.predominantly

C.practically

D.permanently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。previously“以前，预先”；predominantly“主要地”；practically“实际地”；permanently“永久地，长期不变地”。句意：超过三分之一的住在美国的中国人主要住在旧金山。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

（

）forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.

问题1选项

A.Haditnotbe

B.Wereitnot

C.Beitnot

D.Shoulditnot

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。对现在事实进行虚拟，从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时（be动词用were），主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do；当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were,should,had时，可将连词if省略，把were,should,had置于句首。从句中的Ifitwerenotforthetimelyinvestment=Wereitnotforthetimelyinvestment，因此选B。

句意：要不是广大公众的及时投资，我们公司不会像现在这样兴旺发达。

9.单选题

Alexisn’tveryfriendly;hekeepsa（）betweenhimselfandotherpeople.

问题1选项

A.barrier

B.foundation

C.frontier

D.gauge

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。通过句意可知，Alex不是特别友好，他总将自己与其他人隔离开来。A选项为“障碍；分界线”；B选项为“基础”；C选项为“边界；边缘”；D选项为“尺度；测量”。因此，A项符合句意。故正确答案为A项。

10.单选题

Hecollects（

）ofallkindsofrocksandminerals.

问题1选项

A.specimens

B.timbers

C.serpents

D.trunks

【答案】A

【解析】specimens样品,标本；timber木材；serpent大蛇,毒蛇；trunk树干。句意:他收集各种岩石和矿物的标本。选项A符合句意。

11.填空题

A:I’veprintedoutthereportbutIdon’thave（1）toputitin.Doyou（2）anychancehaveaclearplasticfolderthatIcould（3）?

B:How（4）thisone?It’sthekindthatIalwaysputreportsin.

A:Thanks!Thiswill（5）verywell.

【答案】1.folder

2.by

3.use

4.about

5.be

【解析】1.语义题。folder表示用来装报告的“文件夹”。

2.固定搭配。bychance碰巧,偶然。

3.语义题。句意:你有我能用的透明塑料文件夹吗?

4.常用语。Howabout你认为……怎么样。

5.语法题。空格位于助动词will和形容词well之间,因此空格应填be动词be。

12.单选题

Ahealthytradingsystemrequiresthatcountriesbebotheagerexportersandimporters.Ifnationsdon’tspendwhattheyearnabroad—orifweakeconomiesmakethemweakimporters-thenthetradingsystemwillcollapse.Thatistoday’sproblem.

Wherewillfuturetradeexpansioncomefrom?Europeseemsadoubtfulcandidate.Withfeebleeconomicgrowth,itwon’tbuyalotmoreexports.LatinAmericaisinasimilarposition.Manybigcountries(Argentina,Brazil)aresoburdenedbydebtthattheirgrowthishobbledandtheystriveforexportsurpluses-earningpreciousdollars-torepaytheirinternationalloans.AsforAfrica,it’ssopoorthatithardlymattersinglobaltrade.

Well,whataboutAsia?Itoughttosavetheglobaltradingsystem,butitmaydojusttheopposite.Thesecountriesareferociousexporters;theyseemtostriveforpermanenttradesurplusesandhoardtheirexcessexportearnings.Considerwhat’shappenedtotheirforeignexchangereserves.Since1996,theforeignexchangereservesofsomemajorAsiancountrieshavejumpedfromabout$500billiontomorethan$1.3trillion.Thesefundsaretypicallyleftinsafeinvestments,suchasU.S.Treasurysecurities.AlotofattentionhasfocusedonChina,buttheproblemislargerthanChinaalone.

Asaresult,thetradingsystemlackscircularity.Thejustificationforfreetradeisthateveryoneultimatelybenefits.Countriesdowhattheydobest.Poorcountriessellinexpensivelabor-intensivegoodstowealthycountriesandbuysophisticatedknowledge-intensivegoods.Livingstandardsinallcountriesrise.Someworkersandindustriesmaytemporarilylose,butmostconsumersbenefitandmostworkersareultimatelyre-employedintrade-competitiveindustries.Tradedoesn’tpermanentlydestroyjobs;spendingiscircular.

Iftoomanycountrieshoard,thelogicoffreetradecollapses.Tradecanbecomeaneconomicdepressantandjobdestroyer.Toomanysellerschasetoofewbuyers.Countriescompeteforbiggersharesofstagnantmarketsandtrytoshiftunemploymentabroad.Agreat,ifsilent,strugglehasbegun.Fordecades,expandingtradepromotedglobalprogress.Itreducedpovertyandspreadprosperity.Butifthetradingsystemcan’tsolveitsbasicproblem-over-relianceontheUSmarketitcouldfosterpoliticaldivisionandeconomicvulnerabilityforall.Tradingpatternsmustbecomemorebalancedandsustainable.

1.SomebigLatinAmericacountriesare（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcertainregionaleconomyisTRUE?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thefreetradesystemwillcollapsewhen（）.

4.Theauthorstronglyadvocatesthatasustainablefreetradesystem（）.

5.Thelastparagraphmainlydealswith（）.

问题1选项

A.exportingmoreforenoughforeigncurrencytopaytheirdebt

B.exportingsurplusesastoreserveenoughpreciousUSdollars

C.usingUSdollarstopayalltheirinternationalanddomesticdebts

D.usingexportingasaneffectivewayfortheireconomicprosperity

问题2选项

A.Europemayhelpthefutureworldtradeexpansion.

B.LatinAmerica'sdebtwouldhinderitsexportcapacity

C.Asiamayenhancetradeexpansionbutnotspendingmuch

D.Africafindsithardtoemergeinworld-tradeexpansion

问题3选项

A.tradebecameeconomicdepressantandjobdestroyer

B.countriestriedtoshifttheirunemploymenttoothernations

C.worldtradeoverreliedonthevulnerableU.S.market

D.toomanycountriesarenotimportingmuchfromothercountries

问题4选项

A.shouldbechangedthroughinternationalcollaborations

B.willdefinitelybecomeaneconomicdepressantworldwide

C.requiresacircularityofbothimportingandexporting

D.shouldencouragebuyingmorefromtrade-competitiveindustries

问题5选项

A.economicbalanceandsustainability

B.economiccollapseandpotentialcrisis

C.tradecompetitionagainstU.S.market

D.worldwideeconomicachievementtoday

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第二段LatinAmericaisinasimilarposition.Manybigcountries(Argentina,Brazil)aresoburdenedbydebtthattheirgrowthishobbled,andtheystriveforexportsurpluses-earningpreciousdollars—torepaytheirinternationalloans.可知，拉丁美洲也处于类似的境地。许多大国(比如阿根廷，巴西)都背负着沉重的债务，经济增长举步维艰，他们努力争取出口盈余——赚取宝贵的美元——以偿还国际贷款。因此，选项A“出口更多赚外币来偿还债务”符合原文，故本题正确答案为A项。

2.推理判断题。根据原文第三段Thesecountriesareferociousexporters;theyseemtostriveforpermanenttradesurplusesandhoardtheirexcessexportearnings可知，这些国家都是出口大国；他们似乎在争取永久的贸易顺差，并囤积过剩的出口收入。因此，可推测选项C“亚洲可能加强贸易扩张，但不会花太多”正确。

3.推理判断题。题干询问：根据作者观点，当……时，自由贸易系统会崩溃。根据原文最后一段Iftoomanycountrieshoard,thelogicoffreetradecollapses可知，如果太多国家囤积，自由贸易的逻辑就会崩溃。因此，结合上下文可推测D选项“太多国家从没有从其他国家大量进口”正确。

4.推理判断题。由原文第四段Asaresult,thetradingsystemlackscircularity.Thejustificationforfreetradeisthateveryoneultimatelybenefits可知，以往的交易系统缺乏循环性。自由贸易存在的正当之处就是大家最终都能受益。这说明作者认为可持续发展的自由贸易具有循环性。因此，可推测C选项“要求进口和出口的循环”正确。故本题正确答案为C项。

5.推理判断题。题干询问，最后一段主要讲的内容是什么？综合分析可知，文章最后一段主要讨论了贸易在何时会崩溃以及目前国际贸易太依赖美国市场所导致的隐含危机。因此，B选项“经济崩溃和潜在危机”最符合题意，故本题正确答案为B选项。

13.单选题

Webeginbyconsideringthreepolicies—whatwemightcallidealtypesinreversethatnearlyallAmericanswouldrightfullyfindunacceptablefordifferentreasons:understandingwhythesepoliciesareunacceptablecanperhapsguideusasweseektodiscernthemostresponsibleand（

）policy.

问题1选项

A.negligent

B.middle-of-the-road

C.give-and-take

D.prudent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项negligent“疏忽的；粗心大意的”；B选项middle-of-the-road“中庸的；走中间线路的”；C选项give-and-take“妥协的；互让的”；D选项prudent“谨慎的；精明的；明智的”。句意：我们首先考虑三种我们可以称之为理想类型的政策。反过来，几乎所有的美国人都会因为不同的原因正当地认为这些政策是不可接受的:理解为什么这些政策是不可接受的，或许可以指导我们寻找最负责任和最……的政策。D选项“谨慎的”更符合题意。

14.单选题

Theyannouncedtothe（）gueststhattheywereengagedtobemarried.

问题1选项

A.adopted

B.acquired

C.accumulated

D.assembled

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。adopt“采取，采纳”；acquire“获得”；accumulate“积攒”；assemble“集合，聚集”。句意：他们向聚集在一起的客人宣布他们订婚的消息。选项D符合题意。

15.单选题

Hehasawonderfulbrain,despotic,violent,andinexhaustible,meantforasoldier,bywhatchanceconvertedtoletters,（）thereisnotastylenoratintnotknowntohim,yetwithanEnglishappetiteforactionandheroes.

问题1选项

A.X

B.inwhich

C.fromwhich

D.forwhich

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知考查非限定性定语从句。非限定性定语从句中关系词不能省，选项A可排除。又因为先行词为letters，固定短语inletters“在信件中”，选项B符合题意。

16.单选题

Despitetremendousachievements,formidableobstaclestodevelopmentwillpersist.

问题1选项

A.difficultt

B.sustainablet

C.externalt

D.unpredictable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。formidable表示“强大的，可怕的”；A项difficult“困难的，艰难的”，B项sustainable“可以忍受的，足以支撑的”，C项external“外部的，外表的”，D项unpredictable“不可预知的，出乎意料的”。句意：尽管取得了巨大成就，但发展仍将面临巨大障碍。根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。

17.单选题

Farmersstreamedtothewest,fillingfrontierlandswithstunningrapidity.

问题1选项

A.predictable

B.impressive

C.famous

D.gradual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项predictable“可预言的”，B项impressive“给人以深刻印象的”，C项famous“著名的，极好的”，D项gradual“逐渐的，平缓的”。句意：农民们涌向西部，以惊人的速度填满了边境土地。stunning在句中表示“惊人的”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是B项。因此，该题选择B项。

18.单选题

Thesoftwareanalysesvoicepatterns,anddetects______changeswhichcanpointtothesuspect’slying.

问题1选项

A.gentle

B.feeble

C.subtle

D.humble

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项gentle“温和的”，B项feeble“微弱的，虚弱的”，C项subtle“微妙的，精细的”，D项humble“谦虚的，简陋的”。前半部分的句子意思是“该软件分析语音模式，并检测变化”，可知空格部分应该表示“细微的变化”；故C项符合句意。句意：该软件可以分析语音模式，并检测出细微的变化，从而指出嫌疑人在撒谎。因此，该题选择C项正确。

19.单选题

Packagesaresowidespreadthattheyslip________consciousnotice.

问题1选项

A.below

B.before

C.beneath

D.beyond

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.below在……下面B.before在……之前

C.beneath低于，次于D.beyond超过，超越

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】本句的主干部分是“包装很普遍（Packagesarewidespread）”，sothat引导了一个结果状语从句，表示包装如此普遍导致的结果是什么。既然是很普遍、常见的包装，那么人们就不会注意到它。beneathnotice是固定搭配，意为“不值得注意，无足轻重”，因此C选项beneath“低于，次于”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项below“在……下面”指低于某事物的水平或地位，B选项before“在……之前”指处于某事物前面的位置，D选项beyond“超过，超越”指对某事物来说太远或太超前，均不能构成相应的固定搭配。

【句意】包装是如此普遍，以至于它们不会被人们所注意。

20.单选题

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationshadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing"striking*'intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimates,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandrous(一妻多夫制)societiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand"froze"thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityisasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.

1.Whatarethe“unusualtraitsorsituations”referredtointhefirstsentence?

2.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

3.Theauthor’sknowledgeofTibetisprobably

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationscanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

问题1选项

A.Patternsofanimalandplantgrowth.

B.FoodandfoodpreparationpatternsoftheuplandTibetans.

C.SocialandfamilialorganizationoftypicalTibetansociety.

D.Alloftheabove.

问题2选项

A.analyzethepossiblecausallinksbetweenTibetanecologyandsociety

B.describethesocialorganizationoftypicalTibetanvillages

C.describeTibetanfaunaandflora

D.analyzethemysteriesofthesuddenappearanceoftheHimalayas

问题3选项

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultoflifelongstudies

C.derivedfrombooksonly

D.limitedtogeologicalhistory

问题4选项

A.Allregionshavedifferentsoilsandthus,differentcultures.

B.someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

问题5选项

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent

D.arefoundinlandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问‘第一句中提到的“不寻常的特征或情况”是什么？’根据第三段第一句“..thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.青藏高原地带是干燥的大陆性气候，动物和植被与同纬度的相似，但是与更北的地区有些不同，那里更干燥。”可以推知A项动植物生长模式‘’符合其特征。根据第三段倒数第二句“Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.这种植物的品种也同样有限，一些观察人士发现，即使是相对肥沃的东部藏谷，也不超过70种植物。只有不到10种粮食作物。藏文“茶”是主要的主食，也许可以取代不可缺少的蔬菜。”可知B项‘高原藏人的食物和食物制作模式’符合。根据第四段中“Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandroussocietiestypicaloftheregion.这些困难肯定对当地后来不同寻常的一妻多夫制的出现产生了影响”可知，可知C选项‘典型的藏族社会家庭组织’符合。所以ABC选项都谈及到了这种不寻常的特征，所以D选项正确。

2.主旨大意题。题目提问‘这篇文章的目的是什么？’文章第一段最后一句‘Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.一个地区的生态只造成该地区居民所面临的一些问题，而一种文化所面临的问题虽然对其发展很重要，但并不能决定它的发展。’指出生态会影响但不决定人文风气。最后一段尾句“Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.总而言之，尽管可以提出论点说，由于土地的严酷条件，已经存在的一妻多夫制得到了加强和保护(就目前而言)，但在这种情况下，把任何性质更强的原因因素都归罪于生态影响，那肯定是言过其实了。”谈及当地一妻多夫制的社会组织结构可能受到生态该环境的影响。因此，可推知A选项“分析青藏地区生态和社会之间的可能因果联系”正确。

3.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者对西藏的了解可能是什么？’本文并未谈及作者自己的经历和研究，而是分别引述了Montesquieu’sview和Armand的描述，以及Lattimore和Kawakita的观点，因此，作者对青藏高原的了解是C选项‘源于书本’。

推理判断题。题目提问‘根据文章，下列哪项最可能是Montesquieu同意的？’文章第一段介绍了青藏高原的地理特征和文化，然后提出“HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.然而，不打算采用孟德斯鸠关于气候和土壤的观点作为文化决定因素。”因此，可以推知‘孟德斯鸠是环境决定论支持者，即外部环境决定人文风气’，C选项“在共享土地和气候的同一个地方，文化基本上是相同的”符合他的观点。

4.细节事实题。题目提问‘更新世冰蚀以后，仍然存在于西藏的动植物群可以成为大陆性的动植物群，是因为什么？’根据第三段中“Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.因此，在冰川期结束后，原始大陆物种中仅存少数种类的生物。”所以，它们被称为大陆性动植物群是因为A选项‘它们原来是在大陆性气候中被发现的’。

21.单选题

Hewas（）whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.

问题1选项

A.incredible

B.inevitable

C.incredulous

D.indifferent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项incredible“难以置信的”；B选项inevitable“必然的、不可避免的”；C选项incredulous“怀疑的、不轻信的”；D选项indifferent“冷漠的、不关心的”，句意为：当他听到这个意外的消息时，他觉得不可思议，但我最终说服了他。A选项符合句意，因此选A。

22.单选题

Inthedecadesbetween1910and1930,overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStateslefttheSouth,wherethemajorityoftheBlackpopulationhadbeenlocated,andmigratedtonorthernstates,withthelargestnumbermoving,itisclaimed,between1916and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumed,butnotproved,thatmostofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapseofcottonindustryfollowingboll-weevilinfestation,whichbeganin1898,andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakofthefirstWorldWarin1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrant’ssubsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills.

ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhasneverbeeninvestigatedindetail.AlthoughnumerousinvestigationsdocumentaflightfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigration,noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonortherncities.In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”,thefederalcensuscategoryroughlyincludingtheentireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itisperhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbetemptedtomove,butanexplanationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.

Aboutthirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslavery—blacksmiths,masons,carpenters一whichhadamonopolyofcertaintrades?buttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutbycompetition,mechanization,andobsolescence.Theremainingsixty-fivepercent,morerecentlyurbanized,workedinnewlydevelopedindustries—tobacco,lumber,coalandironmanufacture,andrailroads.WagesintheSouth,however,werelow,andBlackworkerswereaware,throughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpress,thattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.Aftertheboll-weevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialjobs.Thus,amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed,andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundscomesintoquestion.

1.TheauthorindicatestheGreatMigrationexplicitlybyusingashersourceofinformation（

）.

2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofwagesinsoutherncitiesin1910?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheunderlinedphrase“theeasyconclusion”isbasedontheassumptionthat（

）.

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

5.Thematerialinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttoalongdiscussionofwhichofthefollowingtopics?

问题1选项

A.immigrationServicereportsin1930

B.theFirstWorldWarin1918

C.thefederalcensusin1910

D.southernnewspapersin1898

问题2选项

A.Theywerebeingpushedlowerasaresultofincreasedcompetition.

B.Theybegantorisesothatsouthernindustrycouldattractruralworkers.

C.Theyhadincreasedforskilledworkersbutdecreasedforunskilledworkers.

D.Theyhadincreasedinlargesoutherncitiesbutdecreasedinsmallsouthernones.

问题3选项

A.peoplewhomigratefromruralareastolargecitiesusuallydosoforeconomicreasons

B.mostpeoplewholeaveruralareastoworkincitiesreturntoruralareasassoonasitisfinanciallypossibleforthemtodoso

C.peoplewithruralbackgroundsarelesslikelytosucceedeconomicallyincitiesthanthosewithurbanbackgrounds

D.mostpeoplewhowereonceskilledworkersarenotwillingtoworkasunskilledworkers

问题4选项

A.introducearecentlydiscoveredsourceofinformation

B.supportanalternativetoanacceptedmethodology

C.presentevidencethatresolvesacontradiction

D.challengeawidelyacceptedexplanation

问题5选项

A.TheEffectofMigrationontheRegionalEconomiesoftheUnitedStatesFollowingtheFirstWorldWar.

B.TheReasonsfortheSubsequentEconomicDifficultiesofThoseWhoParticipatedintheGreatMigration.

C.TheTransitionfortheSubsequentEconomicDifficultiesofThoseWhoParticipatedintheGreatMigration.

D.TheTransitionoftheAgriculturalSouthFollowingtheBoll-weevilInfestation

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.根据第二段的三四句，1910年，60多万黑人工人,即黑人劳动力的10%，声称自己从事“制造业和机械制造业”，这一联邦人口普查类别基本上包括了整个工业部门。大迁移很可能完全由这个群体和他们的家庭组成。由此可知，作者以1910年联邦人口普查为资料来源，明确指出了大迁移。选项C正确。

2.根据最后一段倒数第二句“Aftertheboll-weevilinfestation,...formerlypaidforindustrialjobs.”在棉铃虫泛滥之后，由于农村的黑人工人和白人工人不断涌入，城里的黑人工人面临着竞争，他们被迫降低了工资。选项A符合原文。

3.根据第三段最后一句，向北迁移将被认为对一个已经城市化并稳定就业的群体有利，而将他们随后在北方遇到的经济问题与他们的农村背景联系起来的简单结论将受到质疑。再根据第一段最后一句，这一假设导致的结论是，北方移民随后缺乏经济流动性与其农村背景有关，农村背景意味着不熟悉城市生活和缺乏工业技能。选项C符合原文。

4.结合文章内容可知，作者在第一段提出一个假设“大多数移民来自于农村”以及一个结论“北方移民随后缺乏经济流动性与其农村背景有关”；但在第二段，作者指出就业人口可能也会受到迁移的诱惑，原因在于当时盛行于南方的恶劣的劳动环境，这是在质疑第一段提出的假设。第三段也对第一段提出的结论进行了质疑，所以本文的目的是挑战一种被人们广泛接受的解释。选项D正确。

5.根据原文内容可知，原文之所以提出大多数移民来自于农村的假设是因为人们向北方移民之后经济变得困难，所以本文其实是在探讨人们向北方移民之后经济困难的原因，选项B与原文相关。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

23.单选题

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto.Andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehatsforexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedatdepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats;moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,shirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withi