考研考博-英语-北京信息科技大学考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京信息科技大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Itisapityfor______anydisagreementinthefamily.

问题1选项

A.theretobe

B.therebeing

C.therebe

D.being

【答案】A

【解析】考查不定式用法。不定式结构做主语通常表示具体动作，间或也可表示抽象动作，这一点与-ing分词结构做主语恰恰相反。用作主语的不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可以在特定上下文或情景中看出，也可以由“for+名词词组”或“for+theretobe”表示。如：

ItisimportantforustohaveagoodgraspofEnglish.

It’sapityfortheretobeanydisagreementinthefamily.（在这种结构中，there后面的不定式只能是tobe）

本题句意：家庭不和实在是很遗憾。因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

Incourtherepeatedhis（

）thathewasnotguiltyinfrontofthejury.

问题1选项

A.impression

B.alliteration

C.clauses

D.assertions

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项impression“感想，印象，影响”；B选项alliteration“头韵，头韵法”；C选项clause“从句，分句，（法律文件等的）条款”；D选项assertion“断言，声称，主张”。由Incourt（在法庭上）与hewasnotguilt（他是无罪的）可知D选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：在法庭上，他在陪审团面前重申了他是无罪的声明。

3.单选题

Thatpartofthecityhaslongbeen

foritsstreetviolenceanddisorder.

问题1选项

A.notorious

B.famous

C.illegal

D.responsible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Notorious“臭名昭著的”；famous“著名的”；illegal“非法的”；responsible“负责的”。句意：该市那个地区由于街头暴力和无秩序而长时间臭名昭著。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Thenewbiologicalpsychiatrydoesnotdenythecontributingroleofpsychologicalfactorsmayactasacatalystonexistingphysiologicalconditionsand（

）suchillnesses.

问题1选项

A.disguise

B.impede

C.consummate

D.precipitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。disguise掩饰；隐瞒；impede阻碍；阻止；consummate完成；作成；使达到极点；precipitate使沉淀；促成；猛抛；使陷入。句意：新生物精神病学没有否定心理因素的帮助作用可能充当现存生理状况的一种催化剂，从而加速这样的疾病。由mayactasacatalystonexistingphysiologicalconditions可推断D符合题意。

5.填空题

Let’sgetataxi,（1）we?It’s（2）alongwalkandI’mfeelingalittletired.It（3）bejetlagthat’scausingmetorunoutof（4）.Ifeltfinethismorning,butit’sonlybeentwodays（5）IflewbackfromNewYork.

【答案】1.shall

2.really

3.must

4.energy

5.when

【解析】1.固定句式。Letus的反义疑问用shallwe。

2.语义题。句意:真是好长一段距离。空白处需填入一个程度副词，故可以用really。

3.语法题。考查情态动词。表示“肯定的推测”。

4.固定搭配。runoutofenergy没有能量了。

5.语义题。句意:但我从纽约飞回来才两天。When为引导词o

6.单选题

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost-muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

1.WhichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?

2.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?

3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’scompetitiveadvantageis（）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.

B.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthanequipment.

C.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees’ownbusiness.

D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.

问题2选项

A.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.

C.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutivesinthefirms.

D.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirms.

问题3选项

A.workerswhocanoperatenewequipment

B.topexecutives

C.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills

D.technologicalandmanagerialstaff

问题4选项

A.theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees

B.therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployees

C.theintroductionofnewtechnologies

D.theimprovementofworkers’basicskills

问题5选项

A.Thehuman-resourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.

B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.

C.Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm’shierarchy.

D.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是：下面哪一项适用于美国公司的人力资源管理？根据原文第一段第三句Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.（技能的获得被认为是个人的责任。）由此可知，C选项“公司认为员工获得技能是他们自己的事”符合原文。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是：在美国公司中人力资源管理主管的地位怎样？根据原文第二段第三、四句Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).（人力资源管理主管这一职位通常是一项专门的工作，处于公司等级制度的边缘。持有该职位的主管在重大战略决策上不需要征询他的意见，他也没有机会晋升为首席执行官。）由此可知，美国公司人力资源管理的主管在管理层中是非常没有地位的，在重大决策中是没有发言权的，所以A选项“他在公司里做重要决定时没有发言权”正确。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是：大多数美国公司投入培训的资金主要用于什么？根据文章第三段第二句Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.（他们投资的资金也更多地集中在专业人员和管理人员身上。）由此可知，D选项“技术和管理人员”正确。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是：保持一个公司竞争优势的决定性因素是什么？文章首段第一句话指出Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.（如果持续的竞争优势取决于劳动者的技能，那么美国公司就有麻烦了。）而第三段又提到thebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.（基本技能使得吸收掌握新技术成为可能。）由此可知，D选项“提高工人的基本技能”符合原文，所以正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要谈论如果竞争的优势取决于工人的技术，那么美国的公司就遇到麻烦了。美国公司不正确的人才管理战略，使它们的竞争能力受到了挑战。所以A选项“美国公司的人力资源管理策略影响了它的竞争力”正确。

7.单选题

Hefeltagreatsenseof（）afterhissuccess.

问题1选项

A.fulfillment

B.fortification

C.innovation

D.illumination

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。fulfillment“履行，实行，满足”；fortification“防御工事”；innovation“创新”；illumination“阐明”。句意：成功后他获得了一种满足感。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Thegovernment’sinabilityto（）itsownlawsandregulationsdisappointedtheelectorate.

问题1选项

A.guarantee

B.strike

C.sanction

D.enforce

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项guarantee“保证，承诺”；B选项strike“撞击；打”；C选项sanction“制裁，处罚；认可；支持”；D选项enforce“实施，执行”。句意：政府无法执行自己的法律法规令选民失望。由空格后的关键词“lawsandregulations法律和法规”可知“实施”符合句意，因此D选项正确。

9.翻译题

Afurthercomplication(并发症)isthetendencyofthepilot’sbloodtoleavehisheadbecauseofinertia(惯性),leavinghimimpairedvisionandperhapsunconscious.

【答案】

更严重的并发症可能是飞行员由于惯性而头部缺血，这使他视力受损，甚至失去知觉。

10.单选题

IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime______thelastbus.

问题1选项

A.tohavecaught

B.tocatch

C.catching

D.havingcaught

【答案】B

【解析】考查目的状语。在整个句子中，过去时态体现在谓语动词上，根据语境，没有时间赶上最后一班公交车，表明横线部分为目的状语，不需要体现时态，所以A选项tohavecaught和D选项havingcaught不符合题意，同时sb.havetime后面的目的状语用todo，所以B选项tocatch符合题意。C选项catching表示伴随状态，不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

TradewithBritainandtheWestIndiesallowedcolonialseaportssuchasBostonto

问题1选项

A.postpone

B.procure

C.pursue

D.prosper

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:与英国和西印度群岛的贸易使诸如波士顿这样的殖民海港得以繁荣发展。故选D。

12.写作题

WriteonANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayto：

1.describethepicture；

2.deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture；

3.suggestcounter-measures.

【答案】略

13.填空题

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.WriteyourcorrectionsontheAnswerSheet.

Example:

Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiod.

1.Period→Time

Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliteratureasa

2.Having→/

schoolobjectarevalidforstudyoftelevision.

3.∧study→the

Agreatmanycitiesareexperiencingdifficultieswhicharenothing

newinthehistoryofcities,exceptintheirscale.Somecitieshavelosttheir

originalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.Andanylargeorrichcityis

1.______

goingtoattractpoorimmigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesof

2.______

prosperitywhicharethenoftendisappointing.Therearebackwardtownsonthe

edgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeof

3.______

seventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.Thisisnewis

4.______

thescale.Descriptionswrittenbyeighteenth-centurytravelersofthepoorof

MexicoCity,andtheenormouscontraststhatwastobefoundthere,arevery

5.______

dissimilartodescriptionsofMexicoCitytoday—thepoorcanstillbenumbered

6.______

inmillions.

Thewholemonstrousgrowthrestsoneconomicprosperity,butbehinditlies

7.______

twomyths;themythofthecityasapromisedland,thatattractsimmigrants

8.______

fromruralpovertyandbringsitfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthe

9.______

countryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,sendsthemflooding

10.______

outagaintothesuburbs.

【答案】1.∧newone→a

2.filling→filled

3.though→/

4.This→What

5.was→were

6.dissimilar→similar

7.lies→lie

8.that→which

9.it→them

10.late→later

【解析】1.考查不定冠词使用。根据句子Somecitieshavelosttheiroriginalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.（一些城市已经失去了原来的目标，而且还没有找到新的目标）可知，new前面缺少不定冠词a表示泛指某物。

2.考查非谓语动词。根据句子…poorimmigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesofprosperitywhicharethenoftendisappointing可知，非谓语动词fill和who之间属于逻辑动宾关系，所以fill需要用过去分词来表示被动意义。

3.考查比较状语从句。根据句子TherearebackwardtownsontheedgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeofseventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.（在孟买或巴西利亚的边缘，也有一些落后的城镇，就如在17世纪的伦敦或19世纪早期的巴黎边缘一样）可知，seventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis（17世纪的伦敦或19世纪早期的巴黎边缘）这里属于现在的情况与过去的情况进行对比，故不应该用justasthough（就像）引导虚拟语气，所以要删除“though”来表示一种比较。

4.考查句子结构。根据句子Thisisnewisthescale可知，句子中有两个系动词，所以需要把this替换成一个可以充当主语并且引导句子的关系代词来使句子结构合理，所以讲this改为what。

5.考查主谓一致。根据关键词contrasts（反差）可知，这是复数，后置定语中的be动词应该也用复数形式，所以was要改为were。

6.考查句意。根据关键词thepoorcanstillbenumberedinmillions（贫困人口仍有数百万）可知墨西哥城现在的情况与过去是类似的，所以应该把dissimilar（不同的）改成similar（相似的）。

7.考查单复数一致。根据句子butbehinditliestwomyths（但在这背后有两个神话）可知，这里是完全倒装，真正的主语是twomyths，所以lie应该用复数形式；故将lies改为lie。

8.考查非限制性定语从句。根据关键词that前面的逗号可知，这里是一个非限制性定语从句，that不可以引导非限制性定语从句，所以应该把that改为which。

9.考查代词。根据关键词immigrants（移民）可知，这里应该用第三人称的复数形式them表示，所以应该将it改为them。

10.考查副词。根据句子themythofthecityasapromisedland,whichattractsimmigrantsfromruralpovertyandbringsthemfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthecountryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,sendsthemfloodingoutagaintothesuburbs.（城市神话是应许之地，吸引了来自贫困农村的移民，让他们涌入城市中心；而乡村神话是伊甸园，几代人之后，又让他们涌向郊区）可知，afewgenerations(几代人）、floodingintocityenters“涌入市中心”与floodingoutagaintothesuburbs（再次涌出郊区）这里对应，指代“几代人之后涌出郊区”，所以应该将late（晚，迟）改为later（后来，随后）。

14.单选题

Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,"doingourownthing",hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwell-regardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyform,thatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle:WhyWeShould,Like,Care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.

Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.

1.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish（

）.

2.Theword“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes

（

）.

3.TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?

4.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s

（

）.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as（

）.

问题1选项

A.isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms

B.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment

C.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture

D.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s

问题2选项

A.modesty

B.personality

C.liveliness

D.informality

问题3选项

A.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.

B.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.

C.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.

D.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.

问题4选项

A.interestintheirlanguage

B.appreciationoftheirefforts

C.admirationfortheirmemory

D.contemptfortheirold-fashionedness

问题5选项

A.‘"temporary’’isto“permanent”

B.“radical”isto“conservative”

C.“functional”isto“artistic”

D.“humble”isto“noble”

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”，forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.（Mr.McWhorter的学术专长是语言的历史和变化，例如，他认为“谁”这一词的逐渐消失是自然的，并不比失去古英语中的词格尾缀的消失更令人遗憾）可知Mr.McWhorter认为正式英语的衰变是一种自然的现象，因此选B。

2.词义题。根据题干关键词talking定位到文章第三段中的InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.（在英语口语和书面语中，交谈战胜了演讲，自然表达胜过了精雕细琢），分析句子可知talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft是对应关系，talking对应的spontaneity，specking对应craft，可推测演讲是需要精心准备的，而谈话则是自然随意的，因此D选项“非正式的”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas（他承认，人类语言的所有种类，包括非标准语言，包括黑人英语这样非标准语言，都具有很强的表达力。世界上没有一种语言或方言不能表达复杂的思想）可知A选项“逻辑思维不一定与我们说话的方式有关”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.（Mr.McWhorter承认，正式的语言并不是绝对必要的，他并没有提出任何激进的教育改革——他其实只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾）可知Mr.McWhorter认同俄罗斯记住诗歌的做法，认为是somethingbeautiful，对其做法是赞同的，因此B选项“赞赏他们的努力”。

5.推理判断题。由heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful（他其实只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾）可推测paperplates（纸盘）指的是实用性，而china（瓷盘）指美，具有艺术性，因此选C。

15.单选题

Viewingyouraccountbalancesanytimeyouwant,youcantransfermoneyaccountsatyourconvenience.

问题1选项

A.to

B.between

C.from

D.with

【答案】B

【解析】考查介词用法。A项to“向……”，B项between“在……之间”，C项from“从，来自……”，D项with“和……”；句意：任何时候您都可以查看您的账户余额，也可以方便的时候在账户间相互转账。transfer一般是指两个事物之间的转移，所以B选项符合题意。

16.单选题

IcelandliesfarnorthintheAtlantic,withitsnorthernmosttipactually

theArcticCircle.

问题1选项

A.touched

B.touching

C.beingtouched

D.touches

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据前半部分内容可知句子已经有谓语部分，因此空格处不可能再出现谓语形式，因此可知只能选择非谓语动词。再判断出Iceland与ArcticCircle是主动关系，因此选项B符合题意。句意：冰岛位于大西洋北部，最北端与北极圈相接。

17.单选题

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence—asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeansnothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogram.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,”theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possibly,myLord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus_______

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen______

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means______

5.Accordingtotheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis______.

问题1选项

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

问题2选项

A.violenceneversolvesanything.

B.nothing.

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.

D.everything.

问题3选项

A.can’tgetahearing.

B.arelookeddownupon.

C.arepersecuted.

D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

问题4选项

A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

B.hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

C.hegainsnothingafterlistening.

D.hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

问题5选项

A.lawenforcement

B.knowledge

C.nonviolence

D.moppinguptheviolentmess

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头说道“Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences（在一些种族偏见十分严重的国家，暴力被理所当然地视为解决分歧的一种手段）”，接着第一段的后文中又提到“Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.（我们仍然没有认识到，暴力永远解决不了问题，反而会使问题更加严重。）”，并且全文的基调都是反暴力的，由此可知该文主要说明了暴力无法消除种族偏见。A选项“崇尚暴力”；B选项“暴力无法消除种族偏见”；C选项“双方重要人士都认为暴力是一种合法的解决方案”；D选项“人类的本能是对暴力的渴望”。因此B选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.（整个有记录的人类历史，那些冗长乏味的暴力记录，没有教会我们任何东西。）”，由此可知那些历史没有教会我们任何东西。A选项“暴力解决不了任何问题”；B选项“什么都没有教会”；C选项“流血毫无意义”；D选项“所有事情”。因此B选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段的第一句话“Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.（真正合理的人知道解决办法在哪里，他们发现越来越难得到听证，他们被自己的同类所鄙视、不信任甚至迫害，因为他们提倡执法等明显令人愤慨的事情。）”。A选项“得不到听证”；B选项“被轻视”；C选项“被迫害”；D选项“难以提倡执法”。A、B、C选项出现的情况是由于真正明事理的人在推行执法，由此可推断出难以提倡执法才是真正明事理的那些人面临的主要问题。因此D选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.（法官听了一场冗长的辩论后抱怨说，经过这么多的谈话，他什么都没有搞明白。）”。A选项“他根本不善于倾听”；B选项“他一点也不比以前聪明”；C选项“他听了之后没有一点收获”；D选项“他并不理解这场辩论”。nonethewise“不理解；不明白”；与makenosenseof意思相同，因此D选项正确。

5.作者意图题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段最后一句“Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.（只要我们在法律框架内工作，就总是可能有真正和持久的解决办法。）”。A选项“执法”；B选项“知识”；C选项“非暴力”；D选项“收拾暴力的烂摊子”。因此A选项正确。

18.单选题

（）pollutioncontrolmeasuresareexpensive,manyindustrieshesitatetoadoptthem.

问题1选项

A.Although

B.However

C.Because

D.Onaccountof

【答案】C

【解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项Although“尽管，虽然；但是，然而”；B选项however“无论如何；不管怎样；然而；可是”；C选项Because“因为，由于”；D选项Onaccountof“由于；因为；为了……的缘故”。句意：（）污染控制措施是昂贵的，许多工业犹豫采取它们。根据句意可知前半句是表示原因，但是Onaccountof不接从句，因此C选项正确。

19.单选题

Inselectingamaterialtheengineer’sinterestisinitspropertieswhichdeterminehowitwillperformundertheloadsandcondition（

）itissubject.

问题1选项

A.where

B.which

C.inwhich

D.towhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。由固定搭配“besubjectto”可知此处将介词提前，因此选D。

句意：在选择材料时，工程师感兴趣的是材料在遭受负荷或者某种状况时所表现出来的特性。

20.翻译题

Hewastakentothehugemedievalfortressattheharbour’smouth.Hefoundprisonlifefairlyendurable.Hiscellwasdampanddark,andthefoodwasbadandinsufficient;buthissistersoonobtainedpermissiontosendhimallthenecessariesoflifefromhome.HewaskeptinsolitaryconfinementandfailedtoobtainanyexplanationofthecauseofhisarrestNeverthelessthetranquilframeofmindinwhichhehadenteredthefortressdidnotchange.Notbeingallowedbooks,hespenthistimeinprayeranddevoutmeditation,andwaitedwithoutimpatienceforthefurthercourseofevents.

【答案】他被带进港口那个巨大的中世纪城堡里。他觉得监狱生活相当难过。他的牢房既潮湿又黑暗，食物很难吃而且吃不饱；但是他姐姐很快就获准从家里给他送来了所有的生活必需品。他被单独关押，而且没能查明逮捕他的原因。然而，他进入城堡时那种平静的心境并没有改变。由于不允许看书，他就通过祈祷和沉思度日，耐心等待事件的进一步发展。

21.单选题

Shouldeitherofthesesituationsoccur,wrongcontrolactionsmightbetakenandapotentialaccidentsequenceinitiated.

问题1选项

A.imported

B.installed

C.started

D.interviewed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果发生这两种情况之一，可能会采取错误的控制措施，并且潜在的事故序列会被……。import“输入，引进”；install“安装，设置”；start“启动，开始”；interview“采访，接见；面试”。根据“apotentialaccidentsequence”可推测划线单词的意思是“启动，开始”，因此选项C符合题意。

22.单选题

Chequeshavelargelyreplacedmoneyasameansofexchange,fortheyarewidelyacceptedeverywhere.Thoughthisisvery（1）forbothbuyerandseller,itshouldnotbeforgottenthatchequesarenotrealmoney:theyarequite（2）inthemselves.Ashop-keeperalwaysrunsacertain（3）whenheaccepts,achequeandheisquite（4）,hisrightsif,（5）,herefusestodoso.

Peopledonotalwaysknowthisandareshockediftheirgoodfaithiscalled（6）.Anoldandverywealthyfriendofminetoldmehehadanextremelyunpleasant（7）.Hewenttoafamousjewelryshopwhichkeepsalarge（8）ofpreciousstonesandaskedtobeshownsomepearlnecklaces.

Afterexaminingseveraltrays,he（9）tobuyaparticularlyfinestringofpearlsandaskedifhecouldpay（10）cheque.Theassistantsaidthatthiswasquite（11）,butthemomentmyfriendsignedhisname,hewasinvitedintothemanager'soffice.

Themanagerwasverypolite,butheexplainedthatsomeonewith（12）thesamenamehadpresentedthemwitha（13）chequen