定语从句知识点总结精讲练习

定语从句知识点总结精讲练习定语从句知识点总结精讲练习定语从句知识点总结精讲练习xxx公司定语从句知识点总结精讲练习文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度定语从句讲解（包含各种特殊情况对比，题目都是易错题）1）定语从句的基本概念：定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，起形容词作用，也称为形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟先行词。定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在定语从句中充当一个成分，并在含义上替代先行词。Themanismycousin.Hecametoseemethismorning.替换：Themanwhocametoseemethismorningismycousin.先行词关系代词在定语中做主语，不可省略↖定语从句2）关系词:①关系代词（指人/指物/表所有格）;A.指人的关系代词：who,做主语或宾语；whom，只做宾语；that,做主语或宾语（但指代人称并充当从句主语时，通常用who）Heisastudent.Weshouldlearnfromhim.替换：Heisastudent(who,whom,that)weshouldlearnfrom.关系代词充当从句主语时，不能省略，充当宾语时，可以省略。B.指物的关系代词：which,做主语或宾语；that,做主要或宾语；Hesentmeapresentlastnight.Thepresentisamicewatch.替换：Thepresent(which,that)hesentmelastnightisanicewatch.关系代词充当从句主语时，不能省略，充当宾语时，可以省略。C.表所有格的关系代替：指某人的或某物的：whose,做先行词的所有格IsthereanyoneHernameisLinda.替换：IsthereanyonewhosenameisLinda②关系副词（时间/地点/原因）。A.where指地点，充当地点状语Thisistheplace.Wespentourchildhoodinthatplace.替换：Thisistheplace(which/that)wespendourchildhoodin.Thisistheplaceinwhichwespentourchildhood.Thisistheplacewherewespentourchildhood.B.when指时间，充当时间状语He’llalwaysremembertheday.Hisgrandmapassedawayonthatday.替换：He’llalwaysremembertheday（which/that）hisgrandmapassedawayon.He’llalwaysrememberthedayonwhichhisgrandmapassedaway.He’llalwaysrememberthedaywhenhisgrandmapassedaway.C.why指原因，充当原因状语Thisisthereason.Theywerelateforthemeetingbecauseofthereason.替换:Thisisthereasonwhytheywerelateforthemeeting.③准关系代词assuch……as引导定语从句……,so/such……that……如此……以致于……引导结果状语从句thesame……as(相似物)/that（同一物）……ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.(相似物)ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.（同一物）as……as…….Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.（as在定语从句中做主语）I’veneverseensuchaclevermanasheis.（as在定语从句中做表语）Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.（as在定语从句中做宾语）Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.（as在定语从句中做状语）Heisasdiligentamanaseverlived.（as在定语从句中做主语）先行词是一句话或一句话的一部分时，关系代词可用which或as,但which不能放句首，as可放在句首，句中，句末，有“正如”的意思Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.（as在定语从句中做主语）Hecamelateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.3)限定性与非限定性定语从句A）限制性定语从句:是用来限制所修饰对象的意义，不能被拿掉，如果拿掉，余下的部分的意义就会不清楚；Themanwhospokeattheparents’meetingjustnowisJohn’sfather.B)非限制性定语从句：是对所修饰的词作进一步说明，仅起补充作用，拿掉他，其他部分仍然清楚。非限制性定语从句通常与主句之间用“，”隔开，限制性定语从句与主句关系密切，不用“，”隔开。John,whosefatherisawriter,worksinBeijing.ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun,whowasagreatwriter.4)注意要点A）只能用that，不能用which（who）：1、当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。2、当先行词是anything,everything,nothing时（something用which，that都可以）。3、当先行词被all,only,very,any,just,no,much等词修饰时。4、当先行词既指人又指物时。5、当句子中已有who指认时。6、当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。B）不能用that1、非限制性定语从句2、在介词后面不能用thatC）先行词是place,time,reason1、当先行词是place（或其他表示地点的词）Thisisthefamousplacewhere(atwhich)thekingusedtomeethisministers.Thisisthefamousplacewhich/that/Xwevisitedlastyear.注意：看先行词在从句中充当什么成分，充当状语用where，充当主语或宾语用which2、当先行词是time（或其他表示时间的词）October1isthedaywhen(onwhich)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/that/XIspendwithmystudents.3、当先行词是reasonThisisthereasonwhyhewaslatethismorning.Thisisthereasonwhich/thatmayexplainhisabsence.D)介词+which与where，when的转化;介词+whom；Thehotelwheretheystayedtheotherdaywasn’tveryclean.Thehotelinwhichtheystayedtheotherdaywasn’tveryclean.Hewillalwaysrememberthedaywhenhebroketheworldrecord.Hewillalwaysrememberthedayonwhichhebroketheworldrecord.ThewomantowhomIspokejustnowismyEnglishteacher.Thewomanwho(whom)IspoketojustnowismyEnglishteacher.E)有些介词短语有固定搭配意思的不能随意搬动Thebaby(who)mymotherislookingafterismyyoungerbrother.F)theway作先行词，定语从句用that,inwhich或省略。Thatistheway_that/inwhich/X_hespoke.G）定语从句的谓语动词的用法I,whoamyourbestfriend,willdoeverythingforyou.Tomisoneoftheboystudentsinourclasswhoareoftenlate.Tomisthe(only)oneoftheboystudentsinourclasswhoisoftenlate.H)定语从句中的插入语Heistheteacher,whoIthinkwillbeourclassteachernextyear.Ithink,everybodybelieves,Isuppose等插入语，在考虑用什么关系代词和关系副词时，可暂时不看，以免受迷惑。I）区分定语从句和并列句Ihavetwouncles,bothofwhomareengineers.(非限制性定语从句)Ihavetwouncles,andbothofthemareengines.(并列句)J）区分定语从句和强调句ItwasthestreetwhereImetmyteacher.定语从句Itwasinthestreetthat(where错)Imetmyteacher.强调句K）修饰先行词eachtime,eachday修饰先行词eachtime,eachday,everytime,everyday,thefirsttime,theminute,themoment,thesecond,theinstant的方法如下：Eachtime(不需关系代词或关系副词)Isawhim,hewashappy.(定语从句/状语从句)L）whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,whereverwhoever=anyonewho=nomatterwhowhatever/whichever=anythingthat=nomatterwhat(which)whenever=in/on/atwhatevertimethat=nomatterwhenwhenever=in/at/towhateverplacethat=nomatterwherewhoever,whatever,whichever可引导状语从句或相当于定语从句的句子whenever,wherever可引导状语从句或相当于定语从句的句子中替代状语Whoever(nomatterwho)breaksthelaw,hemustbepunished.(状语从句)Whoever(anyonewho)breaksthelawmustbepunished.(主语从句)相当于定语从句Wemustpunishwhoever(anyonewho)breaksthelaw.(宾语从句)相当于定语从句Whereveryouwanttogo,youmaygo.(状语从句)Youmaygowherever(towhateverplacethat)youwanttogo.(状语从句)相当于定语从句练习题：Isthereabararound_______IcanhavesomethingtoeatA.thatB.whatC.whichD.where2.Thehouse,_________wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.A.theroofofwhichB.whichroofC.itsroofD.theroof3.Edisonmadealotofinventions,_________ofgreatimportance.A.whichIthinkareB.whichIthinktheyareC.whichIthinktheyD.Ithinkwhichare4.I‘lltalkaboutanewly-openedmarket_______youmaygetall________youneed.A.inwhich,whichB.where,thatC.where,whatD.which,that5.Canyoulendmethenovel________theotherdayA.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedthat6.______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It7.Thefenceinourgarden,________myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where8.Whenlostinwork,_________heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.A.whatB.soC.justlikeD.as9.Afootballfan(球迷)is________hasastronginterestinfootball.A.athingthatB.somethingthatC.apersonthatD.what10.WetravelledtogetherasfarasChicago,_______wesaidgoodbyetoeachother.A.whichB.whenC.whyD.where11.Thematter______youwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.where12.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytotheonlytallbuilding_______standsnearthepostofficeA./B.inwhichC.thatD.where13.Hissisterhadbecomeateacher________waswhathewantedtobe.A.whoB.whatC.thatD.which14.Withthedevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople_________villageItaughtbeforehavelivedahappylife.A.whoB.whoseC.inwhoseD.inwhich15.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace________youmayspendyourweekend.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where16.HemustbefromAfrica,_________canbeseenfromhisskin.A.thatB.asC.itD.what17.Boththegirlandherdog________werecrossingthestreetwerehitbyacomingcar.A.whichB.whoC.theyD.that18.I,_______yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whichareB.whichisC.whoisD.whoam19.Isthisjustthecity________theforeignguestswishtopayavisit_________.A.which,toB.towhich,/C.that,toD.tothat,/20.It’soneofthemostinterestingstories_______Ihave______read.A.which,neverB.that,everC.that,neverD.which,ever21.OnmywayhomeinthestreetIsawalady______Ithoughtwasyouraunt.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose22.Irememberthat________tookpartintheballpartyhadawonderfultime.A.allB.allthatC.allwhichD.allwhat23.Thisisthelargestclockintheworld,_______theminutehandissixmetreslong.A.thatB.ofwhichC.whichD.whose24.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,________kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.A.fromthatB.fromwhereC.fromthereD.fromhere25.______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.itB.AsC.ThatD.What26.Who________hascommonsensewilldosuchathingA.whichB.whoC.whomD.that27.Alltheapples________felldownwereeatenbythepigs.A.thatB.thoseC.whichD.where28.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_________hesawatthefront.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where29.I’lltellyou_________hetoldmelastnight.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all30.Achild________parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whoB.who’sC.whoseD.which31.Isthismuseum_________youvisitedtheotherdayA.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone32.Isthisthemuseum________someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesdayA.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone33.–Howdoyoulikethebook--It’squitedifferentfrom_________Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat34.WhichsentenceiswrongA.ThefingerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputitintomymouth.B.Doyouknowtheboywhojumpedontotheplatform.C.Scienceandnewtechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforfarmerstoproducemorefoodonthesameamountofland.D.Peopleinancienttimestookitforgrantedthatthesunmovedroundtheearth.35.Thetrain_______shewastravelingwaslate.A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat36.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer________thepapersarekept.A.whereB.onwhichC.underwhichD.which37.Antarctic_______weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyeararound.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich38.It’sthethirdtime_______latethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived39.Heoftenhelpsthestudents_______hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because40.TheSecondWar______millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.A.whenB.whichC.duringwhichD.onwhich41.Mr.Crossettwillneverforgetthedays_________hespentwithhisvariousstudents.A.whenB.duringthatC.inwhichD.which42.Thisisjusttheplace______Iamgoingtovisittheseyears.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.towhere43.WearegoingtospendtheSpringfestivalinGuangzhou,_________livedmygrandparentsandsomerelatives.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where44.Thehotel________duringourholidaystandsbytheseaside.A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.inthatwestayed45.Ihaveboughtthesamedress_______sheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.than46.Heisnot________afool_________.A.such,asheislookedB.such,ashelooksC.as,asheislookedD.so,ashelooks47.Isthatthereason______youareinfavoroftheproposalA.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat48.Hehastwosons,_______workaschemists.A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom49.Thebuses,______werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.A.mostofthatB.whichmostC.mostofwhichD.thatmost50.Myglasses,_______Iwaslikeblindman,felltothegroundandbroke.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that51.________,thecompasswasfirstmadeinChina.A.ItisknowtoallB.ItisknownthatC.WeallknowD.Asisknowntoall52.Heisamanofgrea