(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 选择性必修第三册　Unit 3　Environmental Protection (含详解)

选择性必修第三册Unit3EnvironmentalProtection阅读·提速练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·江苏徐州联考)TheBookingNotesofthePlay“TheAgeofInnocence”Price：$10DISCOUNTS：Saver：$2offanyseatbookedanytimeinadvanceforperformancesfromMondaytoThursday.Saversareavailableforchildrenunder16，over60sandfull-timestudents.Supersaver：Half-priceseatsareavailableforpeoplewithdisabilitiesandonecompanion.Itisadvisabletobookinadvance.Thereisamaximumofeightwheelchairspacesavailableandonewheelchairspacewillbehelduntilanhourbeforetheshow.Standby：Bestavailableseatsareonsalefor$6fromonehourbeforetheperformanceforpeopleeligible(suitable)forSaverandSupersaverdiscountsandthirtyminutesbeforeforallothercustomers.GroupBookings：Thereisatenpercentdiscountforpartiesoftwelveormore.School：Schoolpartiesoftenormorecanbook$6standbyticketsinadvanceandwillgeteverytenthticketfree.Pleasenote：Weareunabletoexchangeticketsorrefund(退款)moneyunlessaperformanceiscancelledduetounforeseencircumstances.BOOKING：Therearefoureasywaystobookseatsforperformance：—Inperson：TheBoxOfficeisopenMondaytoSaturday,10a．m.－8p．m.—Bytelephone：Ring01324976toreserveyourticketsortopaybycreditcard(Visa，MasterCardandAmexaccepted)．—Bypost：SimplycompletethebookingformandreturnittoGlobalTheatreBoxOffice.—Online：Completetheon-linebookingformatwww.Satan.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章对预定电影《纯真年代》的情况进行了说明。1．Accordingtothenotes，whocanget$2off?A．A55-year-oldwoman.B．An18-year-oldteenager.C．A20-year-oldfull-timecollegestudent.D．ThepeoplewhobooktheticketsonFridays.答案C解析细节理解题。根据“Saver：$2offanyseatbookedanytimeinadvanceforperformancesfromMondaytoThursday.Saversareavailableforchildrenunder16，over60sandfull-timestudents.”可知，二十岁的全日制大学生可以获得减两美元的优惠。故选C。2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Thereareonly8wheelchairspacesinthetheatre.B．Agroupof12personscanget10percentdiscount.C．Theaudiencecan’tgetrefundmoneyiftheperformanceisonshow.D．Aschoolpartyof15studentsshouldpay$90forthestandbytickets.答案D解析推理判断题。根据“School：Schoolpartiesoftenormorecanbook$6standbyticketsinadvanceandwillgeteverytenthticketfree.”可知，一个由15名学生组成的校团需要支付候补票的钱是：15*6=90元，90-6=84元，D选项表述错误。故选D。3．Whatkindofticketsarethecheapest?A．Thestandbyticketsforschoolpartiesoftenormore.B．Theticketsforsaverdiscount.C．Theticketsforgroupbooking.D．Thestandbytickets.答案A解析细节理解题。通过比较这几种票价可知，十人以上学校团体的候补票最便宜。故选A。B(2021·河北衡水联考)TheninewomenofBellaMondowinoveryetanotheraudience.Thegroupisoneofjustahandfulofall-womenensembles(乐队)inIvoryCoast.Itallstartedin2007.PriscaAllouwasamusicstudent.Amusicproducercametoseeher.Hesaidhewantedtomakeanall-femaleensembletokeepapromisetohislatemother.Allougotonboardandwaschargedwithrecruiting(招募)othermembers.“Itwasn’teasyatfirst.Someparentswereagainstit.Youknow，inAfrica，theplaceofwomenisoftenseenasbeingeitherinanofficeorathome.Thatwasthefixedimage.”Allouspreadthewordandtookoutadsinlocalpapers.Mostofthegirlsshefoundwerenotprofessionalplayers.“Ijustplayedsometamtam.IlearnedtoplaydrumswhenIjoinedBellaMondo，”onemembersaid.Thegirlsspentthenextfouryearslearningtoplaytheirinstruments.Manygaveupalongtheway，buteightofthemsoldieredonwithAllou，andBellaMondowasfounded.Thebandplaysoriginalsongsandcovers.Theirmusicspansawiderangeofstyles：funk，reggae，popmusic.Theyreleasedtheirfirstalbumin2013...andhaveperformedinParis，Dakar，Cotonouand，ofcourse，hereathomeinAbidjan.YoucanseethemnearlyeveryThursdayatthisbar，thesameplacethatgavethebanditsstartyearsago.“Ohyes，Iwassurprisedatfirst.Awomansinging，youseethateveryday，butanentireband，playingalltheinstrumentsandeverything?Itwasextraordinary.Iwasdumbstruck.BellaMondoisagreatband，”onemusicfansaid.Thewomenarenowworkingontheirsecondalbum.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了科特迪瓦女子乐队突破社会传统取得成功的故事，并简单介绍了该乐队成立的过程。4．Whydidthemusicproducerwanttoformafemaleensemble?A．Tosponsormusicstudents.B．Tocomforthismother.C．Tocarryouthispromise.D．Towinoveranaudience.答案C解析细节理解题。由第二段末句“Hesaidhewantedtomakeanall-femaleensembletokeepapromisetohislatemother.”可知，这名音乐制作人为了履行对已故母亲的承诺而成立了这个女子乐队。故选C。5．WhichofthefollowingmadeithardforAlloutorecruitbandmembers?A．Thebandchargedtoomuch.B．Anumberofparentsdidn’tsupportit.C．Mostwomenprefertoworkinagovernmentoffice.D．Africanwomenarenotallowedtoleavetheirhomes.答案B解析细节理解题。由第三段的“Itwasn’teasyatfirst.Someparentswereagainstit.Youknow，inAfrica，theplaceofwomenisoftenseenasbeingeitherinanofficeorathome.”可知，起初招聘不容易，在非洲女孩子的固定形象就是坐办公室或待在家里，因此一些家长反对成立女子乐队，这是造成Allou组建乐队困难的原因之一。故选B。6．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．WhatAllouexperienced.B．HowBellaMondowasfounded.C．Whymostgirlsgaveuphalfway.D．Howthegirlslearnedtoplayinstruments.答案B解析段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段讲述了负责招聘的Allou通过在报纸上登广告招聘成员，以及最后乐队成立了。由此可知，本段主要讲述了BellaMondo乐队的诞生过程。故选B。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dumbstruck”probablymeaninthelastparagraph?A．Astonished. B．Amused.C．Determined. D．Satisfied.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Ohyes，Iwassurprisedatfirst.Awomansinging，youseethateveryday，butanentireband，playingalltheinstrumentsandeverything?Itwasextraordinary...BellaMondoisagreatband”可知，出乎意料的是该女子乐队的演出取得了空前的成功，所以说话者感到很震惊。故选A。C(2021·湖南衡阳质检)Somecitiesandlawmakersareresistingcrime-fightingtechowingtobias(偏见)andaccuracyconcerns.PolicedepartmentsaroundtheU．S.areaskingcitizenstotrustthemtousefacialrecognitionsoftwareasahandytoolintheircrime-fightingtoolbox.Butsomelawmakers—andevensometechnologygiants—areagainstit.TakethewesternMassachusettscityofSpringfield，wheremanyresidentsareLatinoorblack.Springfieldpolicesaytheyhavenoplanstousefacialrecognitionsystems，butsomeCityCouncilmembersaremovingtoblockanyfuturegovernmentuseofthetechnologyanyway.AtanOctoberhearingonthesubject，SpringfieldCityCouncilman，OrlandoRamos，defendedthetechnology.“Thefacialrecognitiontechnologydoesnotdropanetfromtheskyandputyoutoprison，”hesaid，notingthatitcouldserveasausefulinvestigativetool.However，hedoesn’twanttotakeanyrisks.“Itwouldonlyleadtomoreracialdiscrimination，”hesaid，citingstudiesthatfoundhighererrorratesforfacialrecognitionsoftwareusedtoidentifywomenandpeoplewithdarkerskins.Similardebatesacrossthecountryarehighlightingracialissuesandconcernsaboutthetechnology’saccuracy.Axon，whichsuppliesbody-worncamerasnationwide，hadalreadyformedanartificialintelligenceethicsboard(伦理委员会)thatconcludedfacialrecognitiontechnologyisn’tyetdependableenoughtojustifyitsuseonpolicecameras.AxonChiefExecutiveRickSmithsaid，“Eveniffacialrecognitionsoftwarewasperfectlyaccurate，theabilitytotrackpeopleraisesprivacyconcerns.”“Dowewanteverybodywhowalksnearapoliceofficertogettheirfaceidentifiedandloggedinadatabase？”hesaid.Nevertheless，ToddPastorini，generalmanageratbiometricforensics(生物取证)companyDataWorksPlus，saidit’sthe“extremelyeffective”methodofrunningimagesthroughphotostohelpidentifyasuspect.“Societyandthepublicaregoingtogetfrustrated，ifgovernmentsrefusetoadoptatechnologythatkeepsimproving，”hesaid.Inhiseyes，facialrecognitionhitsarejustonepartofaninvestigation.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国警察部门要求用面部识别软件进行犯罪打击，但一些立法者和科技巨头对此提出了反对意见，因为在某些州内，该软件对于识别肤色较深的人和女性的错误率更高，而且还有可能引起个人隐私问题。但也有人提出面部识别只是调查中的一部分，如果拒绝采用这一不断进步的技术，社会和公众将会感到沮丧。8．WhatisOrlandoRamos’attitudetowardsfacialrecognition?A．Hopeful. B．Cautious.C．Ambiguous. D．Tolerant.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Orlando认为可以将这个软件作为一个有用的调查工具，但他也不愿意冒任何的风险，因为这个软件很有可能导致更多的种族歧视，研究发现面部识别软件识别女性和肤色较深的人时错误率更高。由此可知，Orlando对这个软件持谨慎态度。故选B。9．Whatisonefocusofthedebatesaboutfacialrecognition?A．Genderdiscrimination.B．Speedlimit.C．Accuracyrate.D．Steadinesscontrol.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Similardebatesacrossthecountryarehighlightingracialissuesandconcernsaboutthetechnology’saccuracy.”可知，类似的争辩都突显了种族问题和对该技术准确性的担忧。由此可知，现在争辩的关注点之一是识别的准确度。故选C。10．WhatdoesRickSmiththinkoffacialrecognition?A．Itappearstocauseprejudice.B．Itbringsaboutprivacyconcerns.C．Itstechnologyisreliable.D．Itsaccuracyneedsimproving.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“AxonChiefExecutiveRickSmithsaid，‘Eveniffacialrecognitionsoftwarewasperfectlyaccurate，theabilitytotrackpeopleraisesprivacyconcerns.’”可知，这会引发一些隐私方面的问题。故选B。11．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Facialrecognitiontoolmeetswithresistance.B．Allthepeopledisapproveoffacialrecognition.C．Facialrecognitionistheonlytoolofinvestigation.D．Governmentsshouldbanfacialrecognition.答案A解析推理判断题。文章前两段提到，一些立法者甚至科技巨头都反对这项技术的使用，而且一些州的议会成员阻止政府使用这项技术，说明面部识别技术在推广上遭到了阻碍。故选A。D(2021·江苏镇江四校联考)“Regretsareoftenpainful.Astudysuggeststhatsomepeoplecanovercomethem，”saidJiaweiZhang，apsychologygraduateattheUniversityofCalifornia.“Butthisisn’tthecaseforeveryone，”hesaid.Theresearcherswonderedwhysomepeoplereportfeelingimprovementfromregretsbutothersdon’t.Doesitlieinhowpeopleapproachtheirregrets?Inthestudy，theresearchersfocusedonself-compassion(自我同情)asapotentialfactorinwhysomepeoplehaveaneasiertimeleavingtheirregretsbehindthem.400peopleattendedanexperiment.First，theywereaskedtowriteabouttheirbiggestregret.Halfwrotesomethingtheydidbutwishtheyhadn’tdone;theotherhalfwrotesomethingtheydidn’tdobutwishtheyhad.Then，theparticipantswererandomlyassignedtooneofthreegroups：self-compassion，self-esteemandacontrolgroup.Theself-esteemgroupwasaskedtorespondby“talkingtoyourselfaboutthisregretfromtheaspectofconfirmingyourpositivequalities”．Thecontrolgroupwasaskedtowriteabouttheirfavoritehobbyratherthantheirregret.Then，theywereaskedabouttheirfeelingsofforgiveness，acceptanceandpersonalimprovementfollowingtheexercise.Theyfoundthattheself-compassiongroupreportedgreaterfeelingsofacceptance，forgivenessandpersonalimprovement，comparedwiththecontrolgroupandtheself-esteemgroup.Inotherwords，focusingonyourbestqualitiesisnotwhathelpsyoufeelbetteraboutaregret.Rather，beingcompassionatetowardyourselfiswhatmaymakeadifference，theresearchersfound.It’spossiblethatpeoplewhopracticeself-compassionareabletoconfronttheirregretsandseewhatwentwrong，sotheycanmakeabetterchoiceinthefuture，ZhangtoldLiveScience.Self-compassionpushespeopletoaccepttheirregretinsteadofrunningawayfromit.Theresearchersusedanexampleofthisfromapreviousstudyonbreastcancerpatientswhowereaskedtotrythinkingabouttheirtreatmentinapositivelightbeforeitbegan.Thewomenwhodidsoreportedgreaterfeelingsofpersonalgrowthlateron.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，自我同情有助于人们更好地处理自己“后悔”的感受。12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“confront”inParagraph7mean?A．Handle. B．Forget.C．Ignore. D．Show.答案A解析词义猜测题。文章第二段最后一句“Doesitlieinhowpeopleapproachtheirregrets？”提出问题，下文通过实验回答了这个问题。故第七段中的“It’spossiblethatpeoplewhopracticeself-compassionareabletoconfronttheirregretsandseewhatwentwrong...”画线单词意思应和approach一致，意为“处理”。故A选项正确。13．Whatwerethestudentsintheself-esteemgroupaskedtodo?A．Thinkofawayout.B．Writeabouttheirregrets.C．Recordtheirfavoritehobbies.D．Treattheirregretsinpositiveways.答案D解析推理判断题。由第四段最后一句可知，该组人被要求从肯定自己好的品质这个角度来和自己谈一谈自己的后悔。由此可知，他们被要求用积极的态度来对待自己后悔的事。故D选项正确。14．Whyweretheparticipantsaskedabouttheirgoodqualities?A．Tocoveruptheirregrets.B．Toseeiftheyhaveweaknesses.C．Toseeiftheyhaveself-compassion.D．Tohelpthemfeelbetterabouttheirregrets.答案D解析推理判断题。由倒数第三段最后两句的内容可知，该研究最终发现，专注于你的好品质并不能帮助你感觉更好。相反，自我同情才可以发挥作用，使你感觉更好。由此可推知，在试验中，参与者被要求关注自己的好品质，其目的是想使他们感觉好点。故D选项正确。15．Whatwastheaimofmentioningtheresearchers’studyonbreastcancerpatients?A．Toshowthemethodoftheresearch.B．Toshowthevalueoftheacceptance.C．Toshowthetruthofpeople’sfeeling.D．Toshowthedifficultyoftheresearch.答案B解析推理判断题。由最后一段可知，这些乳腺癌患者被要求在治疗开始之前就从积极的角度来考虑治疗。这样做的病人后来的确报告感觉好多了。由此可推知，当你在心理上接受某种事物时，你对它的感觉确实要好很多，更容易接受它。这体现了接受的作用。故B选项正确。Ⅱ.七选五(2021·浙江杭州质检)Toshootasceneofpeopleeatingfood，youneedtwodifferentperspectives(角度)．Torecordabusjourneytoschool，youneedthreequickcuts.Tocompletethisshort，morningrush-hourvideoblog—or“vlog”—youneedfourpiecesofmusic.1Withmorethan90millionvlogsavailableonline，and2,000postedeveryhourontheYouTubevideo-sharingsite，CBSNewssaystheyaremainstreamwithpeoplebornafter1995.2MoreyoungChinesepeoplehavebecomeinspiredtograbacameraandrecountthedetailsoftheirdayonSinaWeibo，BilibiliorWeChatMoments.“Themostimportantthingaboutvloggingistotellagoodstory.Othervisualeffectsareauxiliary(辅助的)，”wroteUSvloggerCaseyNeista，whohasalmost10millionsubscribersonYouTube.ChinesevloggerWangXiaoguangisanexampleofagoodstoryteller.Inoneofhispopularvlogposts，WangtellsthestoryoftravelingtoJapan.Whilethere，hetookarideinthewrongdirectionandgotlost.Worse，heforgottobringaphonecharger.3Anotherkeyaspectofvlogsisthatthecontentisbasedoneverydaylife，accordingtoOuyangNana,18，ayoungChinesemusician.ShedocumentsherlifeatBerkleeCollegeofMusic.Ordinaryasvlogsare，asmanyas