(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 必修第1册　Unit 3　Sports and Fitness (含答案)

教材词汇要记牢Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认1．soccern．足球；足球运动2．stadiumn．(pl.stadiumsorstadia)体育场；运动场3．boxingn．拳击(运动)4．badmintonn．羽毛球运动5．marathonn．马拉松赛跑6．skiadj.滑雪的vi.滑雪7．trackandfield田径8．gymnasticsn．体操(训练)9．legendn．传奇故事(或人物)；传说10．gloryn．荣誉；光荣；赞美11．captainn．(运动队)队长；船长；机长12．gracefuladj.优美的；优雅的13．push-upn．(especiallyNAmE)俯卧撑14．errorn．错误；差错Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写1．eventn．比赛项目；大事；公开活动2．trackn．跑道；足迹；铁路轨道vi.&vt.追踪；跟踪3．gymn．健身房；体育馆4．sweatvt.使出汗；出汗弄湿vi.出汗；流汗n．汗水；出汗5．athleten．运动员；运动健儿6．mastern．高手；主人vt.精通；掌握7．medaln．奖章；勋章8．championn．冠军；优胜者9．apartadv.分离；分开；成碎片10．pretendvi.&vt.假装；装扮11．millionnum.一百万12．cheatvi.作弊；舞弊vt.欺骗；蒙骗n．欺骗手段；骗子13．audiencen．观众；听众14．positiveadj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的15．slimadj.苗条的；单薄的16．dietn．规定饮食；日常饮食vi.节食17．ratheradv.相当；有点儿18．jogvi.慢跑n．慢跑Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变1．fitnessn．健康；健壮；适合→fitadj.适合的；健康的vt.适合→unfitadj.不适合的2．hostvt.主办；主持n．主人；东道主；节目主持人→hostessn．女主人3．honourn．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→honorableadj.可敬的；体面的→honoredadj.受尊敬的4．championshipn．锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号→championn．冠军；优胜者5．determinationn．决心；决定→determinev．决心；决意→determinedadj.坚决的6．injurevt.使受伤；损害→injuredadj.受伤的；有伤的→injuryn．伤害；损伤7．strengthn．力量；体力→strengthenv．增强→strongadj.强壮的8．failuren．失败；失败的人(或事物)→failv．失败9．competevi.竞争；对抗→competitionn．竞争；比赛→competitorn．竞争者；对手→competitiveadj.竞争的10．stressn．压力；紧张；重音vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安vi.焦虑不安→stressfuladj.造成压力的→stressedadj.感到压力的Ⅳ.核心短语1．comealong跟随；到达；进步；赶快2．workout锻炼；计算出；解决3．makeit获得成功；准时到达4．setanexample树立榜样5．fallapart破裂；破碎；崩溃6．loseheart丧失信心；泄气7．giveup放弃；投降8．makesense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚9．pretendtodosth.假装做某事10．evenif/though即使；虽然11．makeadifference有作用或影响12．ratherthan而不是13．cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下14．nowandthen有时；偶尔15．compare...with/to...与……比较高频词汇来助力1．agriculturaladj.农业的2．allergicadj.过敏的3．alphabetn．字母表4．alternativeadj.可选择的n．可供选择的事物5．altituden．高地；高度6．altogetheradv.总共7．amateuradj.业余的；外行的n．业余选手8．ambitionn．野心；抱负经典句式需悟通1．Theymustbeathleteswhoaremastersintheirsportsandalsosetgoodexamplesforothers.他们必须是他们(各自的)运动领域的高手，而且为其他人树立了很好的榜样。2．Losingtwoimportantplayerswasabigchallenge，butLangPingdidnotloseheart.失去两位重要的运动员是一个巨大的挑战，但郎平并没有灰心。3．TheBoysandGirlsClubwhichhestartedinChicagohasbeenhelpingyoungpeoplesince1996.他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。4．Insteadofsaying“Iwanttolosethreekilos”，Iwouldsay“Iwanttoruntwokilometresineightminutes”or“Iwanttobeabletodo30push-ups”．我不再说“我想减掉3千克”，而是说“我想在8分钟内跑2千米”或“我希望能坐30个俯卧撑”。5．Bybeingpositiveaboutmyselfandmybody，Ibecamebothhappierandhealthier.通过积极看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更快乐、更健康了。Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共5分)1．stadiumn．(pl.stadiumsorstadia)体育场；运动场2．marathonn．马拉松赛跑3．gymnasticsn．体操(训练)4．errorn．错误；差错5．captainn．(运动队)队长；船长；机长Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共14分)6．sweatvt.使出汗；出汗弄湿vi.出汗；流汗n．汗水；出汗7．cheatv．作弊；欺骗n．骗子8．medaln．奖章；勋章9．championn．冠军；优胜者10．failuren．失败；失败的人(或事物)11．pretendvi.&vt.假装；装扮12．positiveadj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共16分)13．fitnessn．健康；健壮；适合→fitadj.适合的；健康的vt.适合14．honourn．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→honorableadj.可敬的；体面的→honoredadj.受尊敬的15．championshipn．锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号→championn．冠军；优胜者16．determinationn．决心；决定→determinev．决心，决意→determinedadj.坚决的17．injurevt.使受伤；损害→injuredadj.受伤的；有伤的→injuryn．伤害；损伤18．strengthn．力量；体力→strengthenv．增强→strongadj.强壮的19．competevi.竞争；对抗→competitionn．竞争；比赛→competitorn．竞争者；对手→competitiveadj.竞争的20．stressn．压力；重音vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安vi.焦虑不安→stressfuladj.造成压力的→stressedadj.感到压力的Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)21．agriculturaladj.农业的22．alternativeadj.可选择的n．可供选择的事物23．altogetheradv.总共24．amateurn．业余选手25．ambitionn．野心；抱负Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共20分)26．comealong跟随；到达；进步；赶快27．workout锻炼；计算出；解决28．makeit获得成功；准时到达29．setanexample树立榜样30．loseheart丧失信心；泄气31．makesense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚32．evenif/though即使；虽然33．makeadifference有作用或影响34．ratherthan而不是35．compare...with/to...与……比较Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)1．Olympicathletestrainhardsothattheycangetgoodgradesatthefinalcompetition.2．Whenhewasonlyaboy，hewasexpectedtobecomeaworldchampion(冠军)byhiscoachandparents.3．Aftertheaccident，theoldmanwastakentothehospitalwithafewseriousheadinjuries.4．Whenhisfathercamein，hepretended(假装)tobedoinghishomework.5．PeoplewithhighEQsusuallyhavepositiveattitudestowardslife.6．NowrichpeoplewillsometimespaymillionsofdollarsforoneofVanGogh’spaintings.7．Iwassoanxiousthatmythroatwasdry，butmypalmsweresweating(出汗)．8．Wecomparedthe3destinationscarefullyandchosethefirstone.Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)9．Duringtheforum，DongQing，afamoushostesswhooftenhostswonderfulprograms，sharedherexperienceofcreatingthereader.(host)10．Mysisterisadeterminedgirl，soweknowthatonceshehasdeterminedtodosomething，shewillmakeherdreamcometruewithgreatdetermination.(determine)11．Thoughtheartshowfailedtoattractasmanyvisitorsaswehadexpected，itwasfarfrombeingafailure；itwasagreatsuccess.(fail)12．Theofficialismoreawareoffitnessthanbeforeandheworksoutingymstokeepfitregularly.(fit)13．Morethan10,000competitorsfromdifferentcountriescametoBeijingandcompetedwitheachotherinthecompetitivegamesformedals.(compete)14．Amazingly，themorestressfulthejobis，thebetteryourperformancewillbe.Inotherwords，feelingstressedbenefitsyourperformanceinaway.(stress)15．Thesoldiergotinjuredinthebattleandsufferedaseriousinjuryintheleftankle.(injure)Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)16．我们想要一个工作努力、有爱心并且幽默的老师。Wewantateacherwhoishardworking，caringandhumorous.17．没有通过考试让他很苦恼，但他并没丧失信心。Notpassingtheexammadehimannoyed，buthedidn’tloseheart.18．总有很多人支持你的努力，不是吗？Therearealwayslotsofpeopleinsupportofyourefforts，aren’tthere?19．没有向老师们求助，他决定自己解决这个问题。Insteadofturningtoteachersforhelp，heisdeterminedtoworkouttheproblembyhimself.20．通过学习英文歌曲，你会发现你的英语口语提高了。BylearningEnglishsongs，youwillfindyouroralEnglishimproved.Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元ReadingandThinking部分LivingLegendsWhetherasaplayer1.orasacoach，LangPingbroughtgloryandwonmedalsforChina,2.making(make)herhonouredbyfans.3.Faced(face)withchallenges，sheneverlostheart.Eventhoughshelosttwoofhermostimportant4.players(player)，sheledherteam5.toworldchampionshipandthentoOlympicgoldof2016.AirJordan’sskillswere6.impressive(impress)，but7.thementalstrengththatheshowedmadehimunique.Thesecrettohissuccessislearningfromfailures.8.Itwaslosinggamesthattaughthimtopractise9.harder(hard)andnevertogiveup.TheBoysandGirlsClubwhichhestartedinChicago10.hasbeenhelping(help)youngpeoplesince1996.Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元ReadingforWriting部分eq\x(difference，compare，rather，positive，diet，slim)GoingPositiveKaylaalwayswantedtolook1.slimbytryingeverynew2.dietshereadaboutonline.Thenshecameacrossanarticlethatasked“AmIfit？”insteadof“AmIfat？”，whichmadeagreat3.differencetoher.Kaylanowcaresaboutpracticeandhealth4.ratherthanlosingweight.FinallyKparingherselfwithactressesandfindingfaultswithherappearance.Instead，shewas6.positiveaboutherselfandbecamehappierandhealthier.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇honourn.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸先练基础——单句语法填空(1)MichaelJordan，amasterinbasketball，neverlosthearteveniffacedwithfailure，forwhichhewasgreatlyhonoured(honour)．(2)Aceremonywasheldbylocalpeopleinhonourofthosekilledinthebattle.(3)Ifeelitagreathonourtobeinvitedtothegraduationceremony.•It’sanhonourforsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事很荣幸。feelitanhonourtodosth.为做某事感到荣幸inhonourof...向……表示敬意；为纪念……•be/feelhonouredtodosth.做某事感到荣幸再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵(4)能有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到非常荣幸。(应用文之演讲稿)①Itisagreathonourformetohavetheopportunitytodeliveraspeechhere.(it作形式主语)②Ifeelitagreathonourtohavetheopportunitytodeliveraspeechhere.(it作形式宾语)③Ifeelgreatlyhonouredtohavetheopportunitytodeliveraspeechhere.(honoured)determinationn.决心；决定先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Writeapoemabouthowcourage，determination(determine)，andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)(2)Hedeterminedtowork(work)twiceashardasbeforetomakeupforthelosttime.(3)Determined(determine)tostudyhard，KuangHengdugasmallholeinthewalltosteallightfromhisneighbor’shousetoreadatnight.•determinev．测定；决定；确定determinetodo...决定做……(表示动作)determineon/upon(doing)sth.决定(做)某事•determinedadj.坚决的；有决心的bedeterminedtodo...决心做……(表示状态)再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(4)处理了这次事故之后，她决定毕业后当医生。Afterdealingwiththeaccident，shewasdeterminedtobecomeadoctoraftergraduation.(determined)injuryn.伤害；损伤先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Thecaptainpretendedtobeinjured(injury)，whichbroughthimayellow-cardwarning.(2)Theinjuredweresenttothenearesthospitalbytherescueteamtotreattheirinjuries.(injure)•injuredadj.受伤的theinjured受伤的人；伤员•injurevt.伤害；损伤get/beinjured受伤再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(3)尽管腿受了伤，他还是决心跑完马拉松。(读后续写)Thoughinjuredintheleg，hewasdeterminedtofinishthemarathon.failuren.失败；失败的人或事物先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Theathletedidn’twinamedalorbecomeachampion，buttheaudiencedidn’tviewhimasafailure.(2)Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings，ourmistakesandourfailures(fail)．(2020·全国Ⅰ)(3)Themanfeltdepressedthathefailedtopersuade(persuade)hiswifetochangehermind.•failure作可数名词，意为“失败者，失败的事”；作不可数名词，意为“失败”。类似的词还有success，surprise，honour，difficulty等。•failv．失败；不及格failtodosth.没做成某事再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(4)正如一句谚语说的那样，失败是成功之母。努力，你就会取得进步的。(应用文之鼓励他人)Asaproverbgoes，“Failureisthemotherofsuccess.”Workhard，petevi.竞争；对抗先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Astheyoungestcompetitor(compete)，Johnwillcompeteinthewritingcontestagainstothersfortheannualawardofwriting.Sohemustbeverycompetitive(compete)sothathecouldwin.(2)Theathletethoughtabouthonorandglorywhencompetingforamedal.(3)OurclasswonthefirstprizeintheEnglishoralcompetition(compete)heldthisMonday.(2020·浙江)•competeagainstsb.和某人竞争competeforsth.为……而竞争competeinsth.在……中竞争•competitiveadj.竞争的，竞争心强的；有竞争力的•competitorn．竞争者，竞争对手；参赛者•competitionn．竞争；竞赛，比赛再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(4)尽管这是一场竞争激烈的比赛，但是真正重要的不是冠军称号，而是参与者在比赛中所展示出来的决心。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，写作)Thoughthiswasacompetitiverace，whatreallymatteredwasnotthetitleofchampionshipbutthedeterminationthatparticipantsshowedduringtherace.giveup放弃；投降givein屈服，投降giveout分发；用光giveaway赠送；泄露giveoff散发光和热等givewayto给……让路givesb.ahand帮某人一个忙先练基础——根据句意用give短语的正确形式填空(1)Ifapersonhasnothadenoughsleepinthenight，hisactionswillgivehimawayduringtheday.(2)Hehadintendedtowriteanarticle，butafterafruitlessmorningsittingathisdesk，hegaveup.(3)Ontheedgeofthejacket，thereisapieceofclothwhichgivesofflightinthedark.再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(4)尽管失败了很多次，他们还是不放弃，最终做出了美味的爆米花。Thoughhavingfailedmanytimes，theydidn’tgiveupandfinallydeliciouspopcornwasmade.makesense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚makefor走向；冲向makeit成功；及时达到makea/nodifference有/没有影响makeone’sway前往；成功makesenseof弄懂……的意思makesure确信；一定makeup组成；补偿；编造；化妆；和解先练基础——根据句意用make短语的正确形式填空(1)HiswordspuzzledmesomuchthatIhadahardtimetryingtomakesenseofwhattheyreallymeant.(2)Pretendingtohaveunderstoodwhatyourteachersaiddoesn’tmakesense.(3)Whetherheishereornotmakesnodifferencetoourwork.(4)Whatastrongwind!Idon’tthinkwewillmakeittotheairportontime.再提能力——完美写作·句型转换·背诵(5)Hethoughtthathisfather’sadvicedidn’tmakesensetohimatall，whichwasnotunusualforteenagers.→Hethoughtthathecouldn’tmakesenseofhisfather’sadviceatall，whichwasnotunusualforteenagers.ratherthan而不是先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Thefatherratherthanthebrothersis(be)responsiblefortheaccident.(2)Facinguptoyourproblemsratherthanpretending(pretend)nottoseethemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.(3)LoveFone，acompanythatadvocatesrepairingcellphonesratherthanabandoning(abandon)them，openedaminiworkshopinaLondonphoneboxin2016.(2020·江苏)•ratherthan连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与前面的主语保持一致，即“就远原则”。与之用法类似的词还有aswellas，(together/along)with，but，except，besides，including，inadditionto，apartfrom等。•ratherthan前后连接的词的词性通常是一致的。•ratherthan后接动词时，动词的形式通常和前面动词的形式一致。•woulddoAratherthandoB＝wouldratherdoAthandoB＝prefertodoAratherthandoB宁愿做A而不愿做B再提能力——完美写作·句型转换·背诵(4)Hewouldratherwalktothedestinationthroughapaththantakeasightseeingbus.①Hewouldwalktothedestinationthroughapathratherthantakeasightseeingbus.②Hepreferredtowalktothedestinationthroughapathratherthantakeasightseeingbus.cut...out停止做或使用、食用；剪下cutacross穿过某地尤指抄近路cutin插嘴cutoff中止；切掉；使隔绝cutup切碎cutdown砍倒；削减；删节；缩小尺寸、数量等根据句意用cut短语的正确形式填空(1)Thecurrentadvicetopregnantwomenistocutoutalcohol.(2)IusuallycutacrosstheparkonmywayhomesothatIcanarrivehomeearly.(3)Shekeptoncuttinginonourconversation，whichmadeusveryannoyed.(4)Hecutupthemeatonhisplateimpatientlytoshowhisanger.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍1．workouteq\x(A.锻炼身体B.解决C.计算出)(1)Neithertheteachernorhisstudentsknewhowtoworkouttheproblem.B(2)Theareacanbeeasilyworkedoutifyouknowthelengthandthewidth.C(3)Thefamousactorkeepsfitbyworkingoutforanhoureverymorning.A2．compare...to...eq\x(A.把……比作……B.把……和……比较)(1)IoftencomparewhatIthinktowhatothershavethought.B(2)Scientistssometimescomparethehumanbraintoacomputer.AⅡ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Thesoldierfeltgreatlyhonoured(honour)toseetheemperorintheflesh.2．Determined(determine)togettothedestination，theathleteshowedamazingwillpower.3．Thearchitectgotinjured(injure)whenhikingtothecastlethroughanarrowpath.4．Whencheckingoutatthecounter，themanfoundhiscreditcardlost，sohehadtogiveupthepurchase.6．Itisrequestedthatweshouldcutdowntheintakeoffatandsugartoregainfitness.7．Ratherthanadmiring(admire)thebeautyofmoviestars，Ilearnedtodiscovermyuniquebeauty.8．Failure(fail)isrecognisedasthemotherofsuccessthere，soaslongaswedon’tloseheart，wewillsucceed.9．Icouldnotmakesenseofwhathesaiduntilhetoldmethestoryindetail.10．Ihavebeentrying(try)tocontacttheofficialinchargeoftransportinthepastthreehours，butIdidn’tmakeit.Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力(2018·全国Ⅲ，书面表达)1．我很高兴收到你的来信，信里说你想知道我们一直是怎样做运动的。(havebeendoing)I’mexceedinglydelightedtoreceiveyourletter，inwhichyouwonderhowwehavebeendoingsports.2．首先，我们学校建了一座新体育馆，在那里我们可以做各种各样的运动。(where引导的定语从句)Tobeginwith，ourschoolhasbuiltanewgym，wherewecanplayvariouskindsofsports.Inthepast，stayinginthedormitoryplayingvideogameswaswhatwelovedmostbecausetherewerenopropersportsfacilities.4．现在，很多人会去健身馆锻炼，而不是打视频游戏。(insteadof)Now，insteadofplayingvideogames，manypeoplewillgotothegymtoworkout.5．通过这样做，我们不但增强了体力，而且减肥成功。(bydoing...作状语)Bydoingso，notonlydowebuildupourstrengthbutalsowekeepslimsuccessfully.请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文