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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东政法学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thetownisfamousforitsmagnificenttowerbythesideoftheriver.

问题1选项

A.ancient

B.splendid

C.contemporary

D.delicate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ancient“古代的,古老的”;B选项splendid“辉煌的,极好的”;C选项contemporary“当代的,同龄的”;D选项delicate“精美的,雅致的”。句意:这个城镇以河边的宏伟塔而闻名。根据句意,可以看出与“宏伟的”最接近应该是B选项,因此B选项符合题意。

2.单选题

InevertrustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassucha_______character.

问题1选项

A.gracious

B.suspicious

C.unique

D.particular

【答案】B

【解析】gracious有礼貌的,宽厚的;suspicious多疑的,可疑的;unique独一无二的,唯一的;particular特别的,独有的。句意:我从不相信他,因为我一直认为他是个多疑的人。选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

Doyouagreewiththesayingthatthemonkeywasthe(

)ofhumanrace?

问题1选项

A.offspring

B.successor

C.breeder

D.predecessor

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项offspring“后代,子孙”;B选项successor“继承者”;C选项breeder“饲养员,繁殖者”;D选项predecessor“前身,祖先”。句意:你同意猴子是人类祖先的说法吗?选项D符合句意。

4.单选题

Youcanimprovethequalityofyoureverydaylifebybuilding(

),whichwillhelpyouadapttostressandbouncebackfromlife'smostdifficulttimes.

问题1选项

A.consistence

B.competence

C.resistance

D.resilience

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。consistence意为“浓度,坚固性”;competence意为“能力”;resistance意为“抵抗”;resilience意为“弹力,快速恢复,适应力”。

句意:你可以提高你日常生活的质量通过培养适应力,这将帮助你适应压力并从生活中最艰难的时刻恢复过来。

5.单选题

Theseexcursionswillgiveyouanevendeeper()intoourlanguageandculture.

问题1选项

A.inquiry

B.investigation

C.input

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。inquiry询问,调查;investigation调查,研究;input输入,投入;insight深入了解,深刻见解。句意:这次短途旅行会使你对我们的语言和文化有更加深入的

。因此D选项符合句意。

6.单选题

Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?

Exxon’sinvolvementiswellknown.ExxonMobilistheworld’smostprofitablecorporation.Itmakesmostofitsmoneyfromoil,andhasmoretolosethananyothercompanyfromeffortstotackleclimatechange.Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.Buttherearedifficulties:ifmustconfrontascientificconsensusasstrongasthatwhichmaintainsthatsmokingcauseslungcancerorthatHIVcausesAids.Sowhat’sitsstrategy?

ThewebsiteE,usingdatafoundinthecompany’sofficialdocuments,lists124organizationsthathavetakenmoneyfromthecompanyorworkcloselywiththosethathave.Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.

Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(对流层的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.Theywillcontinuetodosolongafterithasbeendisprovedbyfurtherwork.So,forexample,JohnChristy,theauthorofthetropospherepaper,admittedinAugust2005thathisfigureswereincorrect,yethisinitialfindingsarestillbeingcirculatedandchampionedbymanyofthesegroups,asaquickinternetsearchwillshowyou.

WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates,theimpactsoftheclimate-changedenierssponsoredbyExxonhavebeenfeltallovertheworld.Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.

1.WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeendonebytheorganizationstoestablishtheirpositiononclimatechange?

2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“bogus”(inParagraph4)?

3.JohnChristyismentionedtoshow().

4.TheorganizationssponsoredbyExxon().

5.Thepassageismainlyfocusedon().

问题1选项

A.Damagingthereputationofenvironmentalists.t

B.Emphasizingthelackofconsensusamongscientists.t

C.Stressingtheunnecessaryharmtotileglobaleconomy.t

D.Protectingthescientificdiscoveriesfrombeingmisused.t

问题2选项

A.Reasonable.t

B.Fake.t

C.Limitless.t

D.Inconsistent.t

问题3选项

A.howcloselytheseorganizationsworkwithscientistst

B.howtheseorganizationsselectscientificfindingsfortheirownpurposet

C.howimportantcorrectdataareforscientiststomakesounddiscoveriest

D.howoneman’smistakemaysetbacktheprogressofsciencet

问题4选项

A.haveliveduptotheirpromisest

B.havealmostcausedworldwidechaost

C.havefailedtoachievetheiroriginalgoalt

D.havemisunderstoodtherequestofthesponsort

问题5选项

A.Exxon’sinvolvementinscientificscandalst

B.Exxon’scontributionstotheissueofclimatechanget

C.Exxon’sroleindelayingsolutionstoglobalwarmingt

D.Exxon’seffortstopromotemorescientificdiscoveries

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节判断题。题干意思是“以下哪项是这些组织在确定其对气候变化的立场时没有做过的?”。文章的第三段提到Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.(这些组织在气候变化问题上的立场是一致的:科学是矛盾的,科学家是分裂的,环保主义者是骗子或疯子,如果政府采取行动阻止全球变暖,他们将在没有充分理由的情况下危害全球经济),由此可知A项“破坏环保主义者的声誉”、B项“强调科学家之间缺乏共识”和C项“强调对全球经济的不必要伤害”都属于这些组织在确定其对气候变化的立场时的说辞,只有D项“保护科学发现不被滥用”没有提及。因此,该题选择D项正确。

第2题:语义推测题。题干意思是“下列哪项在意思上最接近第四段的‘bogus’?”。根据题干定位到第四段第一句Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.(这并不是说这些团体支持的所有科学都是bogus)可知,这句话是上文的承接句,上文最后一句话指出Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.(这些商业组织不喜欢的研究结果被贴上了“垃圾科学”的标签,他们欢迎的发现被贴上了“可靠科学”的标签),后文又提到Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.(总的来说,他们使用的是选择,而不是发明),由此可推测并不是这些组织支持的所有的科学都是假的,故B项“虚假的”符合题意。A项“合理的”、C项“无限制的”和D项“不一致的”都不与bogus的含义相近。因此,该题选择B项正确。

第3题:细节判断题。题干意思是“提到克里斯蒂是为了表示……”。根据题干定位到文章第四段,第二句和第三句指出Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(对流层的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.(总的来说,他们使用的是选择,而不是发明;他们会发现一个相互矛盾的研究,比如对流层冷却的发现,并坚持不懈地挖掘它),由此推断,后文引用克里斯蒂的例子是为了说明这些组织出于自己的目的选择科学研究课题,故B项“这些组织如何为他们自己的目的选择科学发现”符合题意。A项“这些组织与科学家的合作有多密切”,内容不符合原文;C项“正确的数据对于科学家做出可靠的发现是多么重要”和D项“一个人的错误可能会阻碍科学的进步”文章没有提及。因此,该题选择B项正确。

第4题:细节推理题。题干意思是“由埃克森赞助的组织……”。文章最后一句话提到Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.(在本应举行紧急国际谈判的七八年关键时期,通过主导媒体有关气候变化的辩论,通过不断播撒对科学的怀疑,就像它应该是最有说服力的一样,他们已经证明了赞助商在他们身上花费的金钱是合理的),由此可推断,埃克森赞助的组织最终还是兑现了他们的承诺,和公司在应对气候变化问题上处于一致的立场,故A项“履行了他们诺言”符合题意。B项“几乎引起了世界范围的混乱”和D项“误解了主办者的要求”没有提到;C项“没有达到他们原来的目标”,内容与原文不符。因此,该题选择A项正确。

第5题:主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章主要关于……”。本文主要讲在应对全球变暖等环境问题上,大公司埃克森所做的一切措施来维护自身经济利益。文章第一段提到Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?(多年来,一个由公民团体和科学机构组成的网络一直声称全球变暖的科学是不确定的,但是谁资助的呢?)和文章最后一段提到WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates…(虽然他们这一招在美国是最有效的……),由此可以推断,埃克森美孚公司在解决全球变暖的问题上发挥了作用,故C项“埃克森在拖延全球变暖解决方案方面的作用”符合题意。A项“埃克森卷入科学丑闻”和D项“埃克森推动更多科学发现的努力”文中没有提到;B项“埃克森对气候变化问题的贡献”,文章第二段指出Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.(为了保护自己的利润,埃克森美孚需要散播怀疑,是否需要对气候变化采取严格的行动),由此可知,埃克森美孚为了保护自己的利益,而散播谣言阻止气候变化措施的实行,B项错误。因此,该题选择C项正确。

7.单选题

Sinceyouareastudent,youmust()bytheschooldiscipline.

问题1选项

A.conform

B.stand

C.abide

D.sustain

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。conform“符合,遵守”,一般和介词to或with搭配;stand“站立”,后接介词by意为“袖手旁观”;abide“容忍,遵守”,后接介词by意为“遵守,信守,承担……的后果”;sustain“维持,支撑”,是及物动词。句中所表达的意思是学生要遵守学校的纪律,所以选项C正确。

8.单选题

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butonepopularformcontinuestothrive:thatisalphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatthecarsofataxifirmcalledAAAAhaveabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomerslookthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbothasinlifeoverZoeZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentsandvice-presidentshavesurnamesstartingwithBandCseparatelyand26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffet,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.SoshortsightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisseldomaskedtheimprovingquestionsbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendeesalltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

11.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

12.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

13.Thefourthparagraphsuggeststhat_____.

14.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ’’?

15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

问题1选项

A.Atypeofconspicuousbias.

B.Akindofoverlookedinequality.

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination.

问题2选项

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareimportanttosuccess.

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman.

C.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.

D.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.

问题3选项

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

D.teachersshouldpayequalattentiontoalltheirstudents

问题4选项

A.Theyarenoisilydozingoff.

B.Theyaregettingimpatient.

C.Theyfeelinghumiliated.

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.

问题5选项

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.

B.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo.

C.VIPsinthewesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalunfairness.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】11.推理判断题,定位到文章一二句也是文章的中心句Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butonepopularformcontinuestothrive:thatisalphabetism.“在过去的一个世纪里,各种不公平和歧视都受到谴责或被定为非法。但有一种流行的形式仍在蓬勃发展,那就是字母排序”这是文章的主旨句,说的是虽然这个社会反对歧视但是有种歧视却被人忽略了,那就是字母顺序歧视。第二段主要是举例说明这种歧视,所以答案选B“一种被忽视的不平等”;

A选项“一种明显的偏见”,文章没有提到,属于无中生有;

C选项“一种个人偏见”,文章没有提到,属于无中生有;

D选项“一种品牌歧视”,文章没有提到,属于无中生有。

12.主旨大意题,分析文章前三段的行文结构,文章是总分结构,第一段提出生活中有种歧视被我们忽视了,那就是“字母顺序歧视”这一观点,第二三段都是在举例,说明这种现象不是凭空捏造而是真实存在着的,所以答案选C选项“某种形式的歧视太微妙而无法识别”;

A选项“在东方和西方,名字对成功都很重要”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;

B选项“ZoeZysman的失败要归咎于字母表”定位到第二段第二句LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbothasinlifeoverZoeZysman.(不太为人所知的是,亚当•阿伯特(AdamAbbot)在生活中比佐伊•兹斯曼(ZoeZysman)有优势)从这里可以看出名字的字母顺序只是让排在名字字母前面的人比排在后面的人有优势而已,不能把叫ZoeZysman的人的失败全部归结于字母,这里属于理解过度;

D选项“顾客经常很注意公司的名字”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。

13.推理判断题,第一步,寻找句内线索,定位到第四段第一句Canthismerelybecoincidence?“这仅仅是巧合吗?”,从这个反问句就可以看出作者认为名字字母靠后的学生难以获得成就并非巧合,第二步,寻找上下文线索,第四段描述的是一个作者的推想,就是那些字母排在后面的人小时候因为老师为了省事所以按照名字字母顺序被排在了后面,结果因为老师的忽略没有发现某些名字字母排后面的学生有近视,坐后面就导致每次问问题也轮不到他,所以他错过了很多成长的机会,然而还觉得幸好没有叫到我,从这里就可以知道作者其实是通过摆事实的手法来建议教师不应该这么简单粗暴地通过名字字母来排座位,应该一视同仁,所以D选项“教师应该对所有的学生给予同等的关注”正确;

A选项“问题经常被问给更聪明的学生”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;

B选项“字母顺序不好的学生经常逃课”文章没有提及,属于无中生有;

C选项“学生应根据自己的视力选择座位”,文章讲述这件事情是希望老师最好不要因为方便自己记忆而按照字母顺序排座位,而是希望按照学生的实际情况来排座位,也就是希望老师多多关注学生,而不是让学生自己排座位,所以C选项错误,属于张冠李戴。

14.判断推理题,定位到第五段第二句话Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.“在大学毕业典礼上,ABC是名字首字母的学生自豪地第一个获奖;当轮到Zysmans同学的时候,()。”文章前面连接的信息是名字以ABC字母开头的人很早就拿到首先就很骄傲的拿到了自己的毕业证,但是名字是Zysmans的人可能因为等待的时间太久了已经睡着了,所以答案选A选项“他们鼾声大作”;

B选项“他们开始不耐烦了”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;

C选项“他们感到羞辱”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;

D选项“他们忙于字谜”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。

15.判断推理题,由文章第四段可知老师会按照字母顺序排位置,没有人会觉得不合理,但是在不知不觉中对那些字母顺序在后面的人造成了一种危害,所以答案选D。

A选项定位到第二段第二句LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbothasinlifeoverZoeZysman.(不太为人所知的是,亚当•阿伯特(AdamAbbot)在生活中比佐伊•兹斯曼(ZoeZysman)有优势)从这里可知名字字母排前面的人只是相对排后面的人有优势,并没有说到名字字母排后面的人受到了不好的对待,A选项属于无中生有;

文章没有提到该怎么纠正这种鲜为人知的歧视,所以也无从知道纠正这件事是不是任重道远,属于无中生有,所以B选项不选;

C选项定位到文章第三段,文章第三段只是说西方重要人士的字母排在前面以此来佐证字母歧视是存在的,但是没有说这些人因为名字字母顺序排在前面得到了多少优势,所以C选项属于过度解读。

9.单选题

Massproductionis()onlyinaneconomywithahighlydevelopedtechnology.

问题1选项

A.vulnerable

B.invaluable

C.feasible

D.compatible

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。vulnerable易受攻击的;invaluable无价的;feasible可行的;compatible兼容的。句意:大规模生产只有在技术高度发达的经济中才可行。选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

Everycountrywithamonetarysystemofitsownhastohavesomekindofmarketwhich

A

B

C

dealersinbills,notesandotherformsofshort-termcreditcanbuyandsell.

D

问题1选项

A.ofitsown

B.somekind

C.which

D.short-termcredit

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词搭配。原句应为dealerscanbuyandsellin,需要将介词in提前,由“in+which”引导定语从句。

试题答案:C;inwhich

11.单选题

The(

)isnearlydead,soIcannotstartthecaragain.

问题1选项

A.bean

B.beam

C.brake

D.battery

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。bean“豆;毫无价值的东西”;beam“横梁,光线,电波”;bake“烤,烘烤食品”;battery“电池,蓄电池”。句意:电池没电了,所以我不能启动车。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

Whilehewasbuildinghisarmyby()newlocalforces,heconsistentlyfollowedthepracticeoftakingoverthesecorpsintactwiththeircommandersandindoctrinatingtheseleaderstoensuretheirallegiancetohimselfandhisownarmy.

问题1选项

A.incorporating

B.havingbeenincorporated

C.incorporated

D.beingincorporated

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。incorporate“合并,吸收”。incorporate这个动作是直接由句子的主语“he”来执行的,所以介词by后面直接跟动词的进行时。句意:当他通过……新的地方部队来建立他的军队时,他一直遵循这样的做法,即完整地接管这些部队和他们的指挥官,并灌输这些领导人以确保他们效忠于他自己和他自己的军队。因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Ididn’tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI().

问题1选项

A.hadto

B.would

C.must

D.shouldhave

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。D选项这种结构shouldhavedone,这里用了省略,表示过去应该做,但却没有做的事情。句意为:我上周没有把申请表发出去,但我应该发出去的。D选项正确。

14.单选题

TheManchushadeffectedacoalitionwiththeChinesegentryclasswhichsecuredthepositionsofbothparties.Thegentryweresetapartfromthecommonersandgiven()careerprivilegesinthegovernmentbureaucracy.

问题1选项

A.inclusive

B.special

C.exclusive

D.especial

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项inclusive“包含的”;B选项special“专用的,专门的”;C选项exclusive“独有的,专有的”;D选项especial“特别的,尤其的”。根据前文贵族人与普通平民区分开来,可推测后文应该是赋予贵族独有的地位,exclusive含有“排他”之意,故答案选项为C。

15.单选题

HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14lhcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrelsandmercenaries,metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclansystem,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor“man”.ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.

InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery,itwasn’tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.

ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned.Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’slargestminority.Theexactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshaveregularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanxioustodownplaytheirprofileandbyGypsiesthemselves,seekingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtoremedypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.HundredsofthousandsmorehaveemigratedtotheAmericasandelsewhere.WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown-unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan”saidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,“iswheremytwofeetstand.”

1.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey(

).

2.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT

).

3.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandtheJewsliesintheirconceptsof(

).

问题1选项

A.areengagedintraditionalcrafts

B.callthemselvesRoma

C.liveunderaclansystem

D.faceexternalthreats

问题2选项

A.theEgyptians

B.thestate

C.thechurch

D.theNazis

问题3选项

A.language

B.culture

C.identity

D.custom

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干“Gypsiesareunitedonlywhen”提供了重要信息,表明吉普赛人平时是并不会联合在一起,是个分散的民族。第一段倒数第三句中说到“onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies只有在面对来自非吉普赛人的敌意时才真正团结起来”,由此可知使吉普赛人团结起来的是外人的敌意。因此D选项“面对外部威胁”符合题意。

2.判断推理题。本题需要从欧洲对吉普赛人的种种迫害行为中作排除法。第二段提到“withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism教会在他们的算命中看到异端邪说,国家在他们的游牧中看到反社会行为”以及“InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria在更近的时期,吉普赛人陷入了纳粹种族狂热中”。因此教会、国家和纳粹都对吉普赛人进行了迫害,A选项“埃及人”符合题意。

3.判断推理题。本题需要找出吉普赛人与犹太人的区别。最后一段最后两居中说到了两个种族的比较“WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown-unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.除了极少数的例外,吉普赛人并没有表现出想要一个国家成为自己国家的强烈愿望——不像犹太人,吉普赛人的经历经常被拿来与犹太人作比较。”可知吉普赛人与犹太人的最大区别在于建立国家的愿望是否强烈,吉普赛人对自己身份的认同性不如犹太人高。C选项正确。

16.填空题

Aschildrenwestart(1)anaturalcuriosityabouteverythingaroundus,andduringthematurationprocessthiscuriositycanbestimulated,bufferedorseverelyattenuatedbyourenvironmentandexperience.Thefuturesuccessofresearchinscienceandengineeringdepends(2)oursocietyrecognizingthecrucialroleplayedbystimulationofmentalprocessesearlyinlife.Patternrecognition,analyticalthinkingandsimilarabilitiesneedtobestimulatedfrombirthonward.Todestroythisnaturalcuriosityortoattenuatethejoyofdiscoveryisthegreatestdisservicewedo(3)thedevelopingperson.

Forthosewhoreachmaturitywiththeirnaturalcuriosityintactandenhancedbyeducation,thejoyofdiscoveryisastrongdriverofsuccess.Butwhyareso(4)ofourcapablestudentspursuingthelevelofeducationrequiredforasuccessfulresearchcareer?Isit(5)wehavedampenedtheircuriosity?Havewefailedtoletthemexperiencethejoyofdiscovery?Isitbecausethemediasometimesportraysscientistsandengineers(6)nerds?Isitbecausetoomanyofuscurrentlyinvolved(7)theresearchenterprisehavebecomedisenchantedwithourcircumstancesandthereforepaintableakfutureforpotentialscientistsandengineers?Perhapsentirelydifferentfactorsare(8)playinthedecisiontonotbecomescientistsandengineers.

Wehavetoofrequentlyportrayedscienceandengineeringasprofessionsthatareall-encompassing.Wehaveportrayedresearchasaprofessionthatrequireslongandgruelinghoursinthelaboratorytoachievesuccess.Wehave(9)topromotetheexcitementandexhilarationofdiscovery.Wehavenotpromotedthefactthatitisnotonlyverycommon(10)veryreasonabletohaveasuccessfulresearchcareerandanexcitingandnormalpersonallife.

【答案】1.with

2.on

3.to

4.few

5.because

6.as

7.in

8.at

9.failed

10.but

【解析】1.start后面需要加介词with才能接名词。startwith“从……开始”

2.dependonsth.是固定用法,意思是“取决于”。

3.句意:去摧毁这种天性或者去打击这种发现的喜悦是我们对处于正在发展中的人做出的最大的伤害。填介词to

4.根据句意和of结构,空格处可填写的词是many或者few,由转折词but可以得出空格处的意思与前文有转折关系,前文提到既然thejoyofdiscovery是成功强有力的推动力,接下来出现了转折,所以此处应该填few.

5.前一句有why提出的疑问,这一句是对前一句的回答,所以填原因。

6.portrayas“描绘成……”

7.involvein“涉及,参与”。

8.atplay“在……中起到了作用”

9.空格处所在的句子与后面的句子wehavenotpromotedthatfact…表达的是同乡的意思,所以空格处应该填与not对应的否定词。failtodosth.“做某事失败”。

10.notonly…but(also)“不仅……而且……”

17.单选题

Thisisafarfrom()book—itisarichmixofpleasuresandinformation,andisfullofsurprises.

问题1选项

A.solemn

B.solid

C.solitary

D.sophisticated

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。solemn“庄严的,严肃的”;solid“固体的,可靠的”;solitary“孤独的,独居的”;sophisticated“复杂的,久经世故的”。句意:这完全不是一本严肃的书——充满趣味,信息丰富还有各种惊喜。根据破折号后面的句意可知,选项A符合题意。

18.单选题

Theescapedprisonerjumpedontotheboatandthen(

)itawayfromtheseashorewithapole.

问题1选项

A.pushed

B.shoved

C.urged

D.pressed

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。push“推动,增加”;shove“挤,撞,猛推”;urge“催促,敦促”;press“压,按,逼迫”。pushaway=shove。句意:逃犯先跳上船,然后用杆子将船退离岸边。只有A项能与away搭配,且符合句意。故A项正确。

19.不定项选择题

SincetheemergenceofWesterncapitalisminthe18thcentury,freemarketcapitalismhasbeenthereigningmodeintheworld’seconomy.Basedonmassproduction,externalmarkets,andregulationbysupplyanddemand,thissystempromoteseconomicgrowthand,intheory,wealthforallintheformofmaterialgoods.Proponentsofcapitalismbelievethatthesystembringsthegreatesthappinesstothegreatestnumberofpeople.Detractorsclaimthatcapitalismcreatesunnecessarygrowthattheexpenseofsocialinequalityandenvironmentaldegradation.

Withthepatentingofthesteamenginein1769,massproductionbecamemoreefficient,andlargefactorytownsproliferated,firstinEnglandandtheninEuropeandAmerica.Mannedbyanewclassofurbanwageearners,factorieschurnedoutlow-costgoodsforsaleinexternalmarkets.ThehugeprofitsofprivateindustryfueledthenationaleconomiesofEuropeancountries,andlaidthefoundationsofinternationaltrade.Thevirtuesofeconomicgrowthseemedunassailableatthetime;profitsfromsalesenrichedthefactoryinterestontheflowoftradecurrencybroughtprofittocapitalinvestors,andtheincreaseinfactory-producedconsumergoodsappearedasthoughitwouldleadtowell-beingfortherestofsociety.TheScottishsocialphilosopherproto-economistAdamSmith,writingin1776,expressedthis18th-centuryoptimisminhisWealthofNations,sayingthatan“invisiblehand”ofself-interestguidedthelaissez-faireeconomy(onewithnogovernmentinterference),preservingchecksandbalancesinthesystemandofferingthefairestcompensationtotheworker,guaranteeingahappyandprosperoussociety.

Bythemiddleofthe19thcentury,thedesirabilityofuncheckedeconomicgrowthwasbeginningtocomeintoquestion.Whileprovidingforthegrowthofgovernmentandindustry,thecapitalistsystemseemedtohavebroughtfewrealbenefitstotheworkingclasses,andtohavecreatedmoreproblemsthanithadsolved.CitiesinEuropeandnowAmericaboreanewandquiteuglyfeature:theslumsoftheurbanworkerswhoselaborwasessentialtothemachineryofcapitalism,butwhoserewardwasinadequatetoprovideadecentstandardofliving.Theseghettoeswerecentersofovercrowding,poverty,hungeranddesperation.Increasedfoodproductionbroughtacorrespondingriseinpopulation;GreatBritaingrewfromninemillionin1780to21millionin1850;thepopulationofEuropenearlydoubledinthesametimeframe,jumpingfrom140millionin1750to266millionin1850.Thus,workerswhohadleftserf-likeconditionsonfarmstoworkincitiesfoundslaveryinanotherformaswage-earnerscompetingforill-payingjobs.Theappallingworkandlivingconditionsfannedtheflamesofworkers’revolutionswhichbrokeoutacrossEuropein1848.

KarlMarxandHenryDavidThoreau,writinginthe1840’s,bothattackedthefree-marketsystem.[A]ItisironicthatMarx,whoispopularlyregardedasthegreatestenemyofcapitalism,wasactuallythinkingfairlyconventionallyabouteconomicgrowth;MarxagreedwithSmiththateconomicdevelopmentwasdesirableandnecessary,butdisagreedwiththedistributionofwealthundercapitalism.[B]ItwasThoreau,whenheproposedanagrarian-basedeconomicmodelbasedonself-sufficiencyandreducedconsumption,whomostradicallydissentedwiththe“freemarket”.[C]ThoughfewatthetimetookThoreauseriously,hisobservationsprefiguremanyoftheecologicalconcernsofthe

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