必修4动词ing形式作表语定语宾语补足语和状语

必修4动词ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语必修4动词ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语13/13必修4动词ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语年级内容标题编稿老师

高一学科英语版自己教实验版必修4Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumor动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语林静【本讲教育信息】一.讲课内容：动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语二.知识精讲（一）动词的ing形式作表语动名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的行为，这时主语与表语的地点能够交换。Herdutyistakingcareofthebabies.照看婴儿是她的职责。Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.我们的工作就是演奏各样音乐此刻分词作表语，表示的是主语的性质与特点，相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very,quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的地点不可以够交换Themusictheyareplayingsoundsexciting.他们演奏的音乐是这样令人欢欣Thefilmwesawlastnightisquitemoving.我们昨晚看的电影十分动人。（二）动词的ing形式作定语1.动名词作定语，表示该名词的用途或与其相关的动作，平常只好放在所修饰的名词前。awalkingstick拐杖readingroom阅览室washingmachine洗衣机此刻分词作定语，说明所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态，此刻分词与所修饰的名词拥有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达，单个的此刻分词作定语常置于被修饰的名词前，此刻分词短语作定语须置于被修饰的名词后。Nobodycanstoptherunninghorse(=thehorsethatisrunning).没人能阻截那匹奔跑的马。Thestudentmakingtheexperiment(=whoismakingtheexperiment)isourmonitor.正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。（三）动词-ing形式作宾语补足语动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行，这时宾语与宾补之间组成主谓关系，主要用于以下两类动词今后：1.表示感觉和状态的动词，如see,hear,feel,smell,watch,find,notice，catch，observe等。Ifeltsomeonepattingontheshoulder.我感觉有人拍了拍我的肩膀Icaughtastrangerslidingintothemanager’soffice.我没心中发现一个陌生人溜进了经理的办公室。2.表示“指派”等意义的动词，如have,set,keep,get,leave等Doyouthinkyoucangettheradioworking你以为你能修睦这台收音机吗I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitinglong.对不起，让你久等了知识拓展：感官动词和使役动词后，除用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语外，还能够够够用省略to的不定式（重申换作的达成，指全过程）及过去分词（宾语与宾补之间组成被动关系）作宾补。Isawthethiefgetonthetrainanddisappeared.我看见那个贼上了火车，消逝了。TherewassomuchnoiseinthehallthatIcouldn’tmakemyselfheard.大厅里太喧闹了，我说话的声音没法被他人听到。即学即用：1.Ifasolution________theriversagainstpollutionisfound,thenourlivingsurroundingswillbeimproved.A.toprotectB.protectingC.toprotectingD.protect2.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket_____thedesert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover3.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_____hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputC.toputD.putting________togiveupsmoking,hethrewawayhis________cigarettes.A.Determined;remained?B.Determined;remainingThehouses________bythefirstcompanywillbecompletedbytheendofthisyear.A.beingbuilt?B.builtC.tobebuilding?D.tobuild6.Hewasdeeply_______becausethestoryis____________.A.moved;movedB.moving;movingC.moved;movingD.moving;moved（四）此刻分词（短语）（动词-ing形式）作状语此刻分词（短语）作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必然是句子的主语，分词必然和句子的主语组成逻辑上的主谓关系。此刻分词作状语能够表示动作发生的时间、原由、条件、结果、退步或陪伴状况等。（1）表示时间，作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句，有时能够在动词-ing形式前加一个表示时间的连词，如when，while等。Turningaway(=Whensheturnedaround),shesawacardrivingup.转过身来，她看见一辆车开过来了。Whileshopping(=

WhileIwasshopping

)in

thesupermarket

,Imetanoldfriendofmine.在商场购物时，我遇到了一个老朋友。Havingfinished(=Afterhehadfinished)thehomework,Henrywenthome.达成作后，亨利就回家了。(2）表示原由，作原由状，

相当于原由状从句。Notknowinghistelephonenumber(=SinceIdidn

’tknow

⋯),Icouldn

’tgetintouchwithhim.因为不知道他的号，

我没法和他获得系。HavinglivedinLondonformanyyears(=BecauseIhavelived⋯),Ialmostknoweveryplacequitewell.在敦住多年，我几乎每个地方都很熟习。3）表示果，作果状，相当于果状从句。平常放在句末，中有逗号分开，表示一种自然的、理成章的果。Thefirelastednearlyamonth,leavingnothingvaluable(=andleftnothingvaluable).大火持了近一个月，几乎没剩下合用的西。Hisparentsdiedintheaccident,leavinghimanorphan.他的父亲母亲在中生，致使他成了孤儿。(4)表示条件，作条件状，相当于条件状从句。Beingmorecareful(=Ifyouaremorecareful),youcanmakefewermistakes.假如你更心点，就会少犯。Workinghard(=Ifyouworkhard),youwillsucceed.努力工作，你会成功的。(5)表示步，作步状，相当于步状从句，有分前可有although,evenif,eventhough.Admittingwhatyousay(=AlthoughIadmitwhatyousay),Istillthinkyouarewrong.然承你所的，但我仍旧你了。Althoughrepeatinghiswordsmanytimes(=Althoughtheteacherrepeated⋯),theteachercouldn’tmakehisstudentsunderstand.只管重复了多次，总是没法学生理解他自己所的。(6)

表示方式、陪伴或充明。分短表示方式、陪伴或充明，常用来明作生的背景或状况。一般情况下，分表示的作和表示的作同生，常置于句末，能够用并列句来。Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword(=anddidn’tdaretosayaword).我站在旁，不敢一句。Hewaswalkingalongthestreet,lookingthisandthat(=andlookedthisandthat).他左右盼地在街上走着。WhenpeopleheardaboutQuYuan’sdeath,theysailedupanddowntheriversearchingforhisbody(=andsearchedforhisbody).人听到屈原的死后，在江上来往返回地找他的尸体。在分作状注意的。在分作状，要注意分的性。当分的作和的作同生或几乎同生，用分的一般式。当在分的作先于的作生，用分的达成式。Notrecognizingthevoice,herefusedtogivethepersonhisaddress.因没听出个人的声音，他没把自己的地点他Nothavingreceivedhisfather’sletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.因充公到父的信，他决定打个父(2)有在分（短）有自己的主，它之有上的主关系，称之独立主格构。Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.因为是假期，全部的商铺都关了。Classbeingover,childrencouldplayfootball.下了，孩子能够踢足球了。-ing形式能够作插入，在句中作独立成分，表示人的度。常的有：generally/frankly(honesty)/exactly(properly)/speaking一般/痛快/的确/格来judgingby/from⋯从⋯⋯判断considering⋯考到⋯⋯supposing⋯假⋯⋯seeing⋯因；于；因为⋯⋯Generallyspeaking,theChinesepreferteatocoffee.一般来，中国人饮茶而不喝咖啡。Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromthesouth.从他的口音判断，他是南方人。即学即用：1.Itrainednonstopfortendays,completelyourholiday.A.toruinB.ruinedC.havingruinedD.ruining2.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,____alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing3.___areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived4.MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,_____advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.A.takingB.takenC.havingtakenD.havingbeentaken5."Can’tyouread"Marysaid___________tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing6.______youshouldhavenotroublewiththedifficultwork.A.KnowingthisB.IfyouareknowingthisC.FromknowingthisD.Ifyouhaveknowingthis7.________bywhateveryonesaysabouthim,hehasagoodchanceofwinning.A.JudgedB.ToJudgeC.HavingJudgedD.Judging8.Theearthquake______thetsunami(海)happeneddeepunderthesea,_____morethan200,000people.A.causing;killingB.caused;killingC.causing;killedD.caused;killed9.Though_____naturalresources,theareaiswelldeveloped.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lacking10.______,themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.A.GeneralspeakingB.SpeakinggeneralC.GenerallyspeakingD.Speakinggenerally11.Thegirlinthesnapshotwassmilingsweetly,herlonghair___________.A.flowedinthebreezeB.wasflowinginthebreezeC.wereflowinginthebreezeD.flowinginthebreeze

D.lackedin________likeagreatidea,whathesaidwasacceptedbyallpresentimmediately.A.SoundedB.SoundsC.TosoundD.Sounding【典型例题】InApril,2009,PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao,________the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePLANavy.A.markingB.markedC.havingmarkedD.beingmarkedAttheageof29,Davewasaworker,______inasmallapartmentnearBostonand______whattodoabouthisfuture.A.living;wonderingB.lived;wonderingC.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered3.Whenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhome,memorycame______back.A.floodingB.tofloodC.floodD.flooded4.Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic______smoothly.A.beingrunB.runC.torunD.runningAsmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,_____allfourpeopleonboard.A.killedB.killingC.killsD.tokill6.________manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold7.Thereisagreatdealofevidencethatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.A.indicateB.indicatingC.toindicateD.tobeindicating8.______thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshe’dlikethatlittledollonherbed.A.SeeingB.ToseeC.SeeD.Seen9.______thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.A.NotrealizedB.NottorealizeC.NotrealizingD.Nottohaverealized10.Mysister,aninexperiencedrider,wasfoundsittingonthebicycle___tobalanceit.A.havingtriedB.tryingC.totryD.tried学——Unit4Bodylanguage（一）要点statementn.述，明greetvt.候；迎接representvt.代表，象征associationn.社，想，系curiousadj.好奇的curiouslyadv.好奇地approachn.凑近，方法，门路v.凑近，凑近defendvt.保；保defencen.防守；保majoradj.主要的misunderstandvt.解；会misunderstandingn.解；会adultn.成年人adj.成人的；成熟的spokenadj.口的unspokenadj.未出口的；非口的likelyadj.可能的facialadj.面部的functionn.作用，功能，能v.起作用easen.悠闲，快乐trulyadv.真地；真地；真实地falseadj.的，假的angern.怒气；怒火subjectiveadj.主的（二）要点短defendagainst保⋯⋯免得受belikelytodo很可能⋯⋯，有希望⋯⋯ingeneral的来，大概上atease快乐，快活，逍遥自在losefaceturnone’sbackto背；背弃（三）要点句型1.ThefirstpersontoarrivewasTonyGarciafromColombia,closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain.△去分短作陪伴状。Notallculturesgreeteachotherthesameway,noraretheycomfortableinthesamewaywithtouchingordistancebetweenpeople.△notall部分否认not⋯nor⋯既不⋯⋯又不⋯⋯Theseactionsarenotgoodorbad,butaresimplywaysinwhichcultureshavedeveloped.way引的定从句。【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）.1.Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught_____andletheroff.A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealing—Canyoulendmesomemoney—Iam_____thanyou.YouknowIlivefromhandtomouth.A.betteroffB.worseoffC.morebadlyD.muchpoor*3.Theteacherwentintotheroom,______theboy______outside.A.left;standingB.leaving;standingC.left;standD.leaving;stand4.Withtheelectricity_____,allthemachinesstoppedtowork.A.cutoffB.cutupC.wascutoffD.wascutdown5.Thestudentsallwearthesameuniform,soit’shardformeto______mysonamongthem.A.bringoutB.pickoutC.pickupD.bringup—Howareyoudoingwithyournewlyfoundedcompany,John—That’stoobad.Thewholethingis_____completefailure.A.theB.aC./D.some7.—Whatdidshesayjustnow—Shesaidit______,soIdidn’thear.A.insurpriseB.inawhisperC.inreturnD.inrelief*8.—WhereisourEnglishteacher—Sheisintheclassroom,_____theexercises_________thestudentshavedoneathome.A.explaining;/B.explaining;forC.explained;toD.explained;from9.Expertssaychildreneasily_____whentheymakeapromise,sodon’tdependontheminsomeimportantevents.A.apologizeB.reactC.regretD.chewInthestudy,Ifoundmyson______atadesk,withhisattention______onabook.A.sitting;fixingB.sit;fixedC.sitting;tobefixedD.seated;fixed11.Whostarred______thefilmset______SuzhouA.in;onB.on;inC.in;atD.in;in12.Solongaswedon’tloseheart,wewillfindawayto______thedifficulty.A.overcomeB.contrastC.contentD.contact*13.________，Ihavenodifficultyinfindingthefamousactor’shouse.A.DirectingbyJackB.IwasdirectedbyJackC.WithJackdirectingmeD.Jackdirectedme14.WithonlinecourseCrazyEnglishhasover20millionstudentsalloverChina__________theclassthroughtheInternet.A.attendB.attendedC.attendingD.tobeattending15.Whilewatchingtelevision,______________.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings二.

完形填空IsitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorningDoyousometimesoversleepAreyouoftenlateforworkorschoolThenHiroyukiSugiyamaofJapanhasa(n)16bedforyou.Hiroyuki’sbedwill17youupinthemorning!Hereishowit18.Thebedis19analarmclock.First,thealarmclockrings.Youhaveafewminutestowakeup.Next,ataperecorderinthebedplays20musicorotherpleasantsounds.ThetaperecorderinHiroyuki’sbedplaysarecordingofhisgirlfriend.Shewhispersinasweet21,“Wakeup,darling,please.”Afewminuteslater,asecondrecording22.Thesoundrecordingcanbeloudmusicor23sounds.Hiroyukihearsarecordingofhisboss.Hisboss24,“Wakeupimmediately,25you’llbelate!”Ifyoudon’tgetup26thesecondrecording,you27besorry!Amechanical“foot”isinthebed.Themechanicalfootkicksyouinthehead.Thenthebedwaitsafew__28__minutes.What!You’re29inbed!Slowlythe30ofthebedriseshigherandhigher.Thefootofthebedgoeslowerandlower.31,thebedisvertical（垂直的）.Youslideoffthebedandontothefloor.Youareoutofbedand32.Hiroyukimadehisbedbecausehewantedto33acontest.HeworksforHondaMotorCompany.OnceeverytwoyearsHondahasacontestforits200,000employees—“All-HondaIdeaContest.”Theemployeesthinkofnew34.Iftheirideaswin,theemployeeswin__35.HiroyukiSugiyamawononeofthetopprizesforhisbed.16.A.expensiveB.specialC.valuableD.comfortable17.A.getB.catchC.makeD.let18.A.worksB.runsC.happensD.moves19.A.separatedfromB.madeupofC.connectedtoD.madeinto20.A.loudB.classicalC.popD.soft21.A.soundB.voiceC.noiseD.way22.A.sendsB.turnsC.playsD.appears23.A.pleasantB.interestingC.unpleasantD.funny24.A.shoutsB.announcesC.whispersD.persuades25.A.andB.butC.soD.or26.A.beforeB.untilC.sinceD.after27.A.canB.willC.mayD.need28.A.otherB.anotherC.moreD.one29.A.stillB.yetC.alreadyD.even30.A.endB.middleC.bodyD.top31.A.HoweverB.FinallyC.ThereforeD.Otherwise32.A.angryB.workC.happyD.awake33.A.achieveB.winC.gainD.defeat34.A.ideasB.thoughtsC.factsD.ways35.A.praisesB.contestsC.prizesD.medals三.阅读理解AWewalkedinsoquietlythatthenurseatthedeskdidn’tevenlifthereyesfromthebook.MumpointedatabigchairbythedoorandIknewshewantedmetositdown.WhileIwatchedmouthopeninsurprise,Mumtookoffherhatandcoatandgavethemtometohold.Shewalkedquietlytothesmallroombytheliftandtookoutawetmop.Shepushedthemoppastthedeskandasthenurselookedup,Mumnoddedandsaid,“Verydirtyfloors.”“Yes,I’mgladthey’vefinallydecidedtocleanthem,”thenurseanswered.ShelookedatMumstrangelyandsaid,“Butaren’tyouworkinglate”Mumjustpushedharder,eachswipe(拖一下)ofthemoptakingherfartherandfartherdownthehall.Iwatcheduntilshewasoutofsightandthenursehadturnedbacktowritinginthebigbook.AfteralongtimeMumcameback.Hereyeswereshining.Shequicklyputthemopbackandtookmyhand.Asweturnedtogooutofthedoor,Mumbowedpolitelytothenurseandsaid,“Thankyou.”Outside,Mumtoldme,“Dagmarisfine.Nofever.”“Yousawher,Mum”“Ofcourse.Itoldheraboutthehospitalrules,andshewillnotexpectusuntiltomorrow.Dadwillstopworryingaswell.It’safinehospital.Butsuchfloors!Amopisnogood.Youneedabrush.”Whenshetookamopfromthesmallroom,whatMumreallywantedtodowas________.A.tocleanthefloorB.topleasethenurseC.toseeapatientD.tosurprisethestory-teller37.WhenthenursetalkedtoMumshethoughtMumwasa________.A.nurseB.visitorC.patientD.cleaner38.AfterreadingthestorywhatcanweinferaboutthehospitalA.Itisachildren’shospital.B.Ithasstrictrulesaboutvisitinghours.C.Theconditionstherearen’tverygood.D.Thenursesanddoctorstheredon’tworkhard.39.FromthetextweknowthatDagmarismostlikely_________.A.thestory-teller’ssisterB.Mum’sfriendC.thestory-teller’sclassmateD.Dad’sboss40.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesMumA.strangeB.warm-heartedC.cleverD.hard-workingBAspricesandbuildingcostskeeprising,the“do-it-yourself”(DIY)trendintheUScontinuestogrow.“Weneededfurnitureforourlivingroom,”saysJohnRoss,“andwejustdidn’thaveenoughmoneytobuyit.Sowedecidedtotrymakingafewtablesandchairs.”Johngotmarriedsixmonthsago,andlikemanyyoungpeoplethesedays,theyarestrugglingtomakeahomeatatimewhenthecostoflivingisveryhigh.TheRossestooka2-weekcoursefor$280atanightschool.Nowtheybuildalltheirfurnitureandmakerepairsaroundthehouse.JimHatfieldhasthreeboysandhiswifedied.Hehasafull-timejobathomeaswellasinashoemakingfactory.Lastmonth,hereceivedacarrepairbillfor$420.“Iwasdeeplyupsetaboutit.NowI’vefinishedacarrepaircourse,Ishouldbeabletofixthecarbymyself.”JohnandJimarenotunusualpeople.Mostfamiliesinthecountryaredoingeverythingtheycantosavemoneysotheycanfightthehighcostofliving.Ifyouwanttobecomea“do-it-yourselfer”,youcangotoDIYclasses.Andforthosewhodon’thavetimetotakeacourse,therearebooksthattellyouhowyoucandothingsyourself.Wecanlearnfromthetextthatmanynewlymarriedpeople__________.findithardtopayforwhattheyneedhavetolearntomaketheirownfurnituretakeDIYcoursesrunbythegovernmentseldomgotoadepartmentstoretobuythingsJohnandhiswifewenttoeveningclassestolearnhowto_________.A.runaDIYshopB.makeorrepairthingsC.savetimeandmoneyD.improvethequalityoflife43.WhenthewritersaysthatJimhasafull-timejobathome,hemeansJim___________.A.makesshoesinhishomeB.doesextraworkatnightC.doeshisowncarandhomerepairsD.keepshouseandlooksafterhischildren44.JimHatfielddecidedtobecomeado-it-yourselferwhen__________.A.hiscarrepairscosttoomuchB.thecarrepairclasswasnothelpfulC.hecouldnopossibledotwojobsD.hehadtoraisethechildrenallbyhimself45.WhatwouldbethebesttitleforthetextA.TheJoyofDIY.C.WelcometoOurDIYCourse!

B.YouCanDoItToo!D.RossandHatfield:BelieversinDIY.四.书面表达为了丰富同学们的课外活动，校学生会决定组建自行车俱乐部（CyclingClub）。假如你是学生会主席，请依据以下提示，用英语准备一份口头通知。俱乐部的主要活动内容：●每周一次的基础训练，有教师指导，安排在课外活动时间。●每个月一次的户外活动，安排在月底双休日。●同其余集体进行竞赛。参加俱乐部的利处：内容自拟，最少两点；注意事项：器械自备，活动免费。怎样加入俱乐部（能够亲身到3号大楼4层402房间报名，也能够拨打电话：8236996报名）。注意：通知应包含以上全部信息，可适合发挥，拥有必然的说服力。词数：150左右。开头与结尾已写好，不计入总词数中。Goodafternoon,everyone！Inordertomakeourschoollifemorecolorful,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Don’twait.Joinusnow!Thankyou!【试题答案】一.1.D本考非形式在句中作的用法。本意在考catchsb.doingsth.（某人做某事）一短，故先除去A、C两，因为girl与catch之是被关系，所以需要用catch的去分形式作后置定，stealing所作的只好是定中的足，故本最正确答案D。2.B由干中的than可知用比，故除去D。badly的比不化，故除去C。由干后的“livefromhandtomouth.”可知生活，故B吻合意。3.B句意：老走了教室，留下那个男孩站在外。在分leaving作果状，standing作，表示状，leavesb.doing⋯“⋯⋯向来做某事”。4.A考with的复合构及短辨析。electricity与短之是被关系，故用去分形式。cutoff“切断（水、等）供”；cutup“切碎”；cutdown“砍倒；减少”。C、D两不可以够够用于with的复合构中，由意可知答案A。B句意：学生都衣着同的校服，所以我来在他中间出我的儿子有点困。pickout“挑出；出”；bringout“取出”；pickup“起；有时学会”；bringup“教育；养；呕吐”，依据句意可知答案B。B考冠。failure用作可数名，意