初一升初二语法小结 练习

名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或an"；复数形式是在名词后加”・s或・es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：当名词为：词尾变化读音例词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips,jeeps,pats,clocks在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys,sharpeners,sofas,drawers以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches,boxes,classes,brushes以字母o结尾的单词加s或es/z/zoos,photos,bamboos,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y变i加es/z/dictionaries,strawberries,以f或fe结尾的单词去f或fe变v加es/vz/leaves,wives,halves以th结尾的词加s/dz/;/0z/mouths,paths;months,deaths.可数名词复数的不规则变化①改变单数名词中的元音字母eg.man—men,woman-women,tooth—teeth,foot—feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice②单复数同形eg.Chinese-Chinese,deer-deer,fish-fish,sheep-sheep,...③由man和woman构成的合成词，每个名词都要变复数eg.amandoctor-mendoctors,awomanteacher-womenteachers注意：有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分，在使用时只有复数形式eg.trousers,clothes,glasses,shorts,scissors,etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数,实际上是单数（其后的谓语动词要用单数）.eg.maths,phyiscs,politics,news.不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式，但有其特殊用法：同一个词，变成复数形式，意义不同。eg.food食物--foods各种食物，time时间一times时代，green绿色一greens青菜有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg.hope■一hopes希望hardship-hardships艰苦物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示eg.acupoftea,sevenpiecesofbread,severalbagsofrice,...三、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系，有两种表示形式，一种是在名词后+'s；另一种是用of,表示“……的”。.(1)一般词的所有格,直接在词尾+'s。eg.Mr.Mott'srobot,children'sclothes(2)以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾+'eg.teachers'books(3)两人共有的物体，则在第二个名词后+飞；如果分别是两人所有，则在每个名词后面+飞。eg.LucyandLily'sroom.(指两人共住一个房间)Mrs.Green'sandMrs.Brown'sson.(指两人各自的儿子)(4)表示某具体场所时，所有格后面的名词可省略eg.thedoctor's(office)Mr.White's.(1)没有生命的事物一般用of短语来表示所属关系。eg.thewalloftheclassroom,apictureofthebedroom,(2)名词的的定语较长时，有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。eg.alongstoryofa5O-year-oldman双重所有格eg.afriendofhis,thebignoseofTom's有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加飞来构成所有格。eg.tenminutes,walk,today'snewspaper例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！Theygotmuchfromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories解析：much是用来修饰不可数名词的，ABD三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式，C项为不可数名词，因此选C.Ihavetwoandthreebottlesofhere.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges解析：orange有两种含义，一种可数名词橘子，另一种是不可数名词橘汁，此题第一空应填可数名词，第二空填不可数名词，因此选CoEveryeveningMr.Kingtakesatohishome.A.25minutes'walkB.25minute'swalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk解析：句中的minute应该用其复数的所有格形式，只+，,而不能+s,因此选A。Anoldwantstoseeyou.A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson解析：person与people都有"人”的意思,但用法不同.“一个人”用“aperson”,“两个人"用"twopersons";people泛指“人们”是集合名词，表示复数,thepeople指“人民”,apeople指“一个民族”.应选B。Helpyourselfto.A.chickensandapples B.chickensandappleC.chickenandapple D.chickenandapples解析：chicken可用作可数名词指小鸡，用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;appie为可数名词，故应+s,因此选D。Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo.A.room'snumberB.rooms'numberC.roomnumbersD.rooms'numbers解析：roomnumber房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有myphsicsteacher,twobusdrivers等.应选CoShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room解析：family指的是家庭或是家庭成员；house指的是房子（住所）；room指的是房间;而home指的是家，因此选C.motherscouldn'tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPeter's B.MaryandPeterC.Mary'sandPeter D.Mary'sandPeter's解析：此句中“mothers”是复数，表示两个人各自的母亲，因此应选D。LiLeihasbeentomanytimesthismonth.A.heruncleB.heruncle'sC.herunclesD.aunt's解析：此句意为“李雷这个去她舅舅家多次表示具体场所时，可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选BoHeisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn'tinteaching.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience解析：experience作“经验”讲时是不可数名词，作“经历”讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为“经验”,因此是不可数名词，排除AC.又因alotof,lotsof,plentyof只用于肯定句，不用于否定句，因此选B。Aclassmateofwasheretenminutesago.A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursister's解析：此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。Agroupofaretalkingwithtwo.A.Frenchmen,GermansB.GermansfrenchmansC.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen解析：Frenchman是复合词,其复数形式为Frenchmen;German的复数为直接在单词末尾+S,应选A.Theteamhavingameeting.A.isB.areC.amD.be解析：team是一个集合名词，即可表示复数意义（指整个小组）,也可指小组中的成员（表示复数），此题意为后者，因此选Bo“WouldyoulikeV",please.”A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink.CoffeesC.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees解析：drink和coffee是不可数名词，可以用…of来表示数量，eg,threecupsofcoffee,当前面加a时,则表示“一杯？因此选C。TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby,butalsothefleshandbloodof men.A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millionsC.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions解析：earth是不可数名词，因此删除BD,数以百万的应为millionsof.因此选Ao练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择最佳答案：Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.Thewereill,butnowerelost.A.child,livesB.children,lifeC.children,livesD.child,life…Thisisaphotoofwhentheywereyoung.—OK,howh叩pytheybothlooked!A.myfatherandmotherB.mymotherandfathersC.mymother'sandfather'sD.myfather'sandmymotherThenewstudentisin,GradeTwo.A.ClassThirdB.ThirdClassC.ClassThreeD.ThreeclassTodayisSeptember10th.It'sDay.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.A.TeachersB.Teachers*C.theTeachers*D.Teacher'sThemarketisn'tfarfromhere.Ifsonlybicycleride.A.halfanhours*B.halfanhour'sC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf…Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcofleC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.TwocupsofcoffeesDuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor.A.fiinB.wishesC.interestD.thanksSomeareflyingkitesneartheriver.A.childB.boyC.boysD.childsAftertheexam,wellhaveholiday.A.twoweeksB.two-weeksC.twoweeks'D.twoweek'sTheyarethosebags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.A.visitorB.visitorsC.visitor'sD.visitors'―Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?■一Therearetwo.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof—WhatdoyouthinkofthetheMoonlightSonatabyBeethoven?■—Itsoundsreallywonderful.A.subjectB.musicC.bookD.animalThereisnotenoughinthecomerforthefridge.A.placeB.roomC.fieldD.groundcomesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingitA.WoolB.PorkC.MuttonD.MilkIfyoudon*ttakemore,you'llgetfat.A.medicineB.lessonsC.photosD.exerciseMyschoolisabouttwentywalkfromhere.A.minuteB.minutes*C.minutes'sD.minutesMum,Ihavetotellyou!A.agoodnewsB.somegoodnewsC.somegoodnewesD.muchgoodnewsWhichisthetothepostoffice?A.streetB.wayC.roadD.addressIstayedatlastSunday.A.myunclesB.myuncles'C.myuncle'sD.myuncle'sfamilyMathsnoteasytolearn.A.areB.isC.amD.were1-5CBCBB6-10CACCD11-15ABBCD16-20BBBCB代词的用法人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。表示“我”“你”“他”“我们”“你们““他们请看下表：数格人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称wemeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：SheismyEnglishteacher.it宾格在句中作宾语。例如:Theydon'twantmetogotherealone.Don'tworry.Icanlookafterher.宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。例如：•一Who'that?—It'sme.注意：①人称代词we,you,they可以用来表示一般人。例如：Youcannotgointothehallwithslippers.不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。②人称代的主格作表语，…般都在正中的谈话中，表示强调。例如：Itwashewhotookawaythenecklace.是他拿走了那条项链。③人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。例如：Theshipisleaving.She'sonherfirsttriptoBoston.轮船要起航了。这时她第一次去波士顿。Weloveourcountry,wehopeshe'llbestrongerandstronger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她越来越强大。④It作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。例如：Itisabout10kilometresfromhere.离这儿大约有10公里。⑤It还可用作形式主语或形式宾语，来代替由不定式，动词的・ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语，以避免句子头重脚轻。例如：ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.Itisgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.Ifounditdifficulttosleep.⑥英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同，I在最后，you在最前；但是，当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I在最前，you在最后。例如：You,heandIareallthewinners.Lileiandyouarewrong.Weshoulddomorefortheproject.2.物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。词义类型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语，后面跟名词。例如：Tooursurprise,hehaspassedtheexam.(2)名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中作主Thecarandstoppedattheredtrafficlight.A.gotonB.gotoffC.sloweddownD.pickedupTomtheCDplayerfortwoweeks.A.haslentB.hasborrowedC.hasboughtD.hashad…Doyouknow?…Sorry,butifheback,Iyouknowassoonaspossible.A.whenwillhebeback,comes,willletB.whenhewillbeback,willcome,willletC.whattimewillhebeback,willcome,letD.whattimehewillbeback,comes,willletWetotheparkifitisfinetomorrow.A.willgoB.havegoneC.goAnewshoefactorywillinthispartofthecity.A.bebuildingB.bebuiltC.build•--allyourthings,Tom!Ihatethemhereandthere.…Ok,Mom.A.PutupB.PutonC.PutdownD.Putaway-・・Howaboutgoinghikingthisweekend?■--Sorry,Ipreferratherthan.A.tostayathome,gooutB.togoout,stayathomeC.stayingathome,gooutD.goingout,stayathome解析：1.根据问句的时态现在进行时，答句时态要一致，故选答案：A.根据句中的谓语动词ask的固定搭配asksbtodosth.故答案：D.根据第一句的固定动词词组catchupwithsb及第二句的过去时态，故选答案：B.此题主要考查四个动词词组的掌握.根据后半句在红灯时停下来，故选答案：C.此题主要考查现在完成时的延续和非延续动词，根据fbrtwoweeks时间短语。故选答案：C.此题主要考查宾语丛句和状语丛句的习惯用法。第一句是特殊疑问句的宾语丛句，要用陈述句语序。第二句是if条件句。丛句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。故选答案：B.此题考查if条件句的主句时态，要用一般将来时，故选答案；A.此题考查语态。根据全句的意思，使用被动语态。故选答案：B.此题考查四个动词词组put叩，张贴，举起；puton穿上，上演：putaway把收拾好。根据后半句“我讨厌到处乱放”，故选答案：D.此题主要考查一个固定词组：prefertodosthratherthandosth.故选答案：C.练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！一、选择最佳答案填空（动词及搭配）：Apolicemansawtwothievesagirfsmobilephoneonthebusandhecaughtthematonce.A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.stolenTheChinesepingpongplayerswilljoininthematch.Lefsthemsuccess.wishB.towishC.hopeD.tohopeHeissocarelessthathealwayshisschoolthingsathome.forgetsB.forgotC.leavesD.left--Whothecomputer?Iwanttouseit.Timmy.Heitfbraweek.borrowed,hasborrowedB.hasborrowed,boughtC.hasborrowed,haskeptD.bought,hasborrowedLook!Oneofthegirlsthedoor.cleansB.iscleaningC.cleanD.arecleaningIfyoudon'tfeelwell,youmayjust.stoppedreadingB.stopreadingC.stoppedtoreadD.stoptoread--Wherecanwegetabaseball?Lefs.A.lendJimoneB.lendonetoJimC.borrowonefromJimD.borrowoneofJim--Mymodelshipdoesn'twork.Don'tworry,rilhaveitthisafternoon.A.repairingB.madeC.repairedD.mendYouwashyourhandsbeforemeals.A.needB.mustC.canD.mayWillyouthelight?It'sdarkintheroom.getonB.getoffC.trunonD.tumoffMynameisZhangMingjian.YoumaymeZhangMingjianorMrZhang.A.askB.sayC.tellD.callThereisgoingtoagameinourschoolthisafternoon.hasB.haveC.beD.areYou'dbettersmoking.It'sbadforyourhealth.eatupB.giveupC.comeupD.getup——Howdoyoulikethisbook?--•-1thinkithasnothingtowithourstudy.A.makeB.doC.takeD.holdWhereisMrBrown?Ihavesomequestionstoaskhim.--Hetheoffice.A.hasbeentoB.hasbeeninC.hasgonetoD.hasgoneinThebuskeptthepeoplefbrtwentyminutes.A.waitB.towaitC.waitingD.waits1believethescientistswillabetterwaytohealthedisease.A.getonwithB.comeupwithC.goonwithD.catchupwith--一Whydoyouoftenthispinkblouse?-■■-Becauseitfitsmewell.A.putonB.wearC.buyD.tryonJackalwaysrunsfasterthanPeter,butthistimehehim.A.wentoverB.fellbehindC.putoffD.droppedoffTheInternetiteasytogetmuchnewinformationinashorttime.A.findsB.makesC.feels D.takes参考答案：1-5BACCB6—10BCCBC11-15DCBBC16—20CBBBB二、选择最佳答案填空（动词时态）：Weoutbythattimethatheathieffbralongtime.A.hadfound,hadbeen B.hadfound,was

C.found,hadbeenD.C.found,hadbeenD.found,wasItsohappenedthattheythenovelbefore.A.hadreadB.wouldreadC.werereadingD.readShefornearlytwohours.A.kepttalkingB.kepttotalkC.haskepttalkingD.kepttotalkingSpringafterwinter.A.comesB.cameC.hascomeD.hadcome5.—Ihearsomenoiseinthenextroom.-Oh,yes.Yoursisterthere.A.criesB.iscryingC.criedD.wascryingAllthestudentstoplanttreesandthere,snobodyintheclassroom.A.goB.willgoC.havegoneD.woundgoStop!Alittleboythestreet.A.iscrossingB.crossesC.crossedD.hascrossedThegirltomilksincelastwinter.A.learnsB.learnedC.haslearnedD.wouldlearnWhattoyouthismorning?A.happensB.ishappenedC.happenedD.washappened—Theoldmanlookshealthy.—Yes.Hesomerunningafterhegetsup.A.doesB.didC.hasdoneD.willdoShedidn'tpasstheexamsbecausesheherlessonswell.A.wasn'tprepared B.wasn'tbeenpreparedC.hadn'tprepared D.waspreparingThisstoryinafarawayvillageinEuropemanyyearsago.A.ishappenedB.washappenedC.happenedD.hasbeenhappened—MrKingcamebacktoourvillage.—Really?Forwhat?—Theoldmanthenoiseinthecity.A.ishatingB.hatesC.washatingD.hashatedHisfatherfbraweek.A.diedB.willdieC.hasbeendiedD.hasbeendeadMymotherisill.Istayathomeandlookafterher.A.hastoB.mustC.wouldD.havetoDoyouknowtheFrenchman?--Yes.Ihimfbrtwoyears.A.knowB.haveknownC.knewD.havebeenknownTheyalltheirmoney,sotheyhavetowalkhome.spendB.hadspentC.havespentD.willspendGreatchangesinthecity,andalotoffactories.A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetupB.havetakenplace,havebeensetupC.havetakenplace,havesetupD.weretakenplace,weresetup…WhendidKate'sgrandmadie?-Whilethedoctorsonher.A.areoperatingB.wereoperatingC.operateD.operated…Whoareyoulookingfor?…MrWhite.--Waitherefbrawhile.Theclassmeetingoverinhalfanhour.A.isB.willbeC.wasD.hasbeenIfshe'snotathome,youtrytelephoningherattheoffice.A.willB.couldC.wouldD.needAllthenewwordsupinthedictionaryyet.A.havelookedB.haven'tlookedC.havebeenlookedD.haven'tbeenlookeddon'twanttospeaktoher,butI.A.doB.havetoC.havetospeakD.musttoHurryup,oryouthetrain.A.missB.loseC.willmissD.willloseThcnewlibrarynextweek.A.,willbuildB.willbebuiltC.wouldbuildD.wouldbebuilt一Where'sMabel?一Shepingpongbehindtheteachingbuilding.A.isplayingB.wasplayingC.playedD.hadplayedQuiteafewtallbuildingsthelasttwoyears.A.havebeenputupB.wereputupC.hadputupD.putupMan-made-satellitesintospacebymanycountries.A.wassentupB.issentupC.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentupIallthewordsontheblackboard.MayIgohomenow?copyB.willcoupC.copiedD.havecopiedNobodyknewalivinginthatcountry.A.todoB.tomakeC.howtodoD.howtomake.Theoldmanneedsatmostfivehour'ssleepanight,butheforoversevenhourstonight.A.hasfallenasleepBhassleptChasgonetobedD.hasgonetosleepI'mreallygettingtoofat.Fromnowon,Imoreexerciseandeatlessfood.AhavedoneBdoCamdoingDwilldo.Youdon'tneedher.Iherforseveraltimes.Adescribe,hadmetBdescribe,meetCtodescribe,havemetDdescribe,met.HisspeechinEnglishwasdifficult.AinfollowingBfbrbeingfollowedCtofollowDtobefollowedby.Whenhewasachild,hetriedtofindwayspeoplelifemore.A.tohelp,enjoyB.help,toenjoyC.help,enjoyingD.tobehelped,toenjoy.Whatdidyourclassteacheryoutoatthemeeting?A.tell,sayB.ask,speakC.tell,speakD.ask,talk.thebusuntilit.A.Getoff,stopsB.getoff,willstopC.Don'tgetoff,stopsD.Don'tgetoff,willstopThelivingstandardofthepeopleinShanghaiinthelasttenyears.A.hasraisedB.hasrisenC.hasbeenraisedD.hasbeenrisen39-WhatdidMrJonesdobeforehemovedhere?-Heacitybusforovertwenty-fiveyears.A.hasdrivenB.droveC.drivesD.isdriving40.Hurryup!Theplayfbrtenminutes.A.hadbegunB.beganC.hasbeenonD.hasbegun1-5CAAAB6-10CACCC11-15CCBCD16-20BCBBB21-25ADBCB26-30AACDD31-35BDCCA36-40ACBBC一、数词的分类1.基数词表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下：A.从1——10one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.B.从11——19eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen.这里除eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式夕卜，fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。C.从21——99整数几十中除twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外，sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连一处“»21twenty-one76seventy-sixD.百位数个数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and.101ahundredandone320threehundredandtwenty648sixhundredandforty-eightE.千位数以上从数字的右端向左端数起，每三位数加一个逗号从右开始，第一个“，”前的数字后添加thousand,第二个“，”前面的数字后添加million,第三个“，”前的数字后添加billiono然后一节一节分别表示，两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。2,648twothousandsixhundredandforty-eight16,250,064sixteenmilliontwohundredandfiftythousandsixty-four5,237,166,234fivebillion,twohundredandthirty-sevenmillion,onehundredandsixty-sixthousand,twohundredandthirty-fourF.基数词在表示确切的数字时，不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式；但是，当基数词表示不确切数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时，基数词则以复数形式出现。Therearehundredsofpeopleinthehall.大厅里有数以百计的人。ThousandsandthousandsofpeoplecometovisittheMuseumofQinTerra-CottaWarriorsandHorseseveryday.每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆。Theywenttothetheatreintwosandthrees.他们三三两两地来到了剧院。G.表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示。Hebecameaprofessorinhisthirties.他三十多岁时成为了教授。Shediedoflungcancerinforties.她四卜来岁时死于肺癌。Itwasinthe1960s.那是在二十世纪六十年代。H.基数词的句法功能基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。Thetwohappilyopenedthebox.两个人高兴地打开了盒子。（作主语）Ineedthreealtogether.我总共需要三个。（作宾语）Fourstudentsareplayingvolleyballoutside.四个学生在外面打排球。（作定语）Wearesixteen.我们是16个人。（作表语）Theythreetriedtofinishthetaskbeforesunset.他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务。（作同位语）2.序数词表示顺序的词称为序数词。序数词的主要形式：A.从第一至第十九其中，one-first,two-second,three-third,five—fifth,eight-eighth,nine-ninth,twelve-twelfth为特殊形式，其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如：six—sixth,nineteen—nineteenth.B.从第二十至第九十九整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“eth”构成。twenty twentieththirty thirtieth表示第几十几时，用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“一”和个位序数词形式一起表示。thirty-first,fifty-sixth第五十六seventy-third第七十三ninety-ninth第九十九C.第一百以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。onehundredandtwenty-first第一百二--•onethousand,threehundredandtwentieth第一千三百二十D.序数词的缩写形式有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。first 1stsecond 2ndthird 3rdfourth 4thsixth 6thtwentieth 20thtwenty-third 23rd其中1st,2nd,3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。用法一、时刻表示法.表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的o/'clock5:00读作fiveo/'clock或five.表示几点过儿分，在分钟后加past,再加小时fivepastseven七点过五分halfpastsix六点半aquarterpasteight八点过一亥Usevenpasteight八点过七分3.表示几点差几分，在分钟后面加to,再加小时tentoeight差十分八点(七点五十分)aquartertotwelve差一刻十二点(H^一点四十五分)twentytosix差二十分六点(五点四十分)在日常生活中，常用下列简单方法表示时间。以小时、分种为单位分别读出数字。6:31读作sixthirty-one10:26读作tentwenty-six14:03读作fourteenothree16:15读作sixteenfifteen18:30读作eighteenthirty23:55读作twenty-threefifty-five注：时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法，这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午，p.m.表示下午了。二、年月表示法.世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示，也可以用定冠词加百位进数加/'s表示thesixth(6th)century公元六世纪theeighteenth(18th)century公元卜八世纪the1900/'s二十世纪the1600/'s十七世纪这里，用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪。.年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成inthe1930/'s(inthethirtiesofthetwentiethcentury或inthenineteenthirties)在二十世纪三十年代inthe1860/'s(inthesixtiesofthe19thcentury或intheeighteensixties)在十九世纪六十年代Inthe1870/'swhenMarxwasalreadyinhisfifties,hefounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia,sohebegantolearnRussian.在十九世纪七十年代当马克思已经五十多岁时，他发现研究俄国的形势很重要，便开始学习俄语。.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠词后，年代前添加early,mid-,lateintheearly1920/'s在二十世纪二十年代早期inthemid-1950/'s在二十世纪五卜年代中期.年月日表示法A.年份用基数词表示，一般写为阿拉伯数字，读时可以以hundred为单位，也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。1949读作nineteenhundredandforty-nine或nineteenforty-nine1800读作eighteenhundred253读作twohundredandfifty-three或twofifty-three1902读作nineteenhundredandtwonineteenotwo表示在哪一年，一般在年数前加介词in,使用year时，year放在数词之前。intheyeartwofifty-threeB.C.在公元前253年但是，通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。B.月份，在口那个月用介词in加第一个字母大写的月份词及示。例如：inMay在五月；inJuly在七月。为了简便起见，月份与日期连用时，月份常用缩写形式表示。缩写形式除May,June,July外，其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示，但September除外。January Jan.一月February Feb.二月March——Mar.三月April——Apr.四月August Aug.八月September Sept.九月October Oct.十月November Nov.H--•月December Dec.十二月注：这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略，因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。C.日期用定冠词the加序数词表示。在哪一天要添加介词on。NationalDayisonOct.1.国庆节是十月一日。（读作Octoberfirst）此句也可以表示为NationalDayisonthe1stofOctober.May5五月五日（读作Mayfifth）也可以表示为thefifth（5th）ofMayMar.1（st）三月-日（读作Marchfirst或thefirstofMarch）.表示不具体、不确切的时间，如世纪、年代、年份、月份时，用介词in表示，表示具体确切的某一天用介词on表示通常情况bmorning,afternoon,evening等词前用介词in。但是，当这些词前后有一修饰限定的词作为定语，把它们限定为某一天早晨、下午或晚上时，介词in应改为on。这里的修饰限定词可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、定语从句等。Onacoldmorning,theoldmandiedlonelyinhishouse.在一个寒冷的早晨，这个老人孤独地死在自己的房子里。Idon/'twanttobedisturbedonnightswhenIhavetostudy.我不愿意在我必须学习的晚上被打扰。TheaccidenthappenedontheafternoonofJuly7.这次事故发生在7月7日下午。WearetohaveasmalltestonMondaymorning.星期一早晨我们将进行一次小测验。一、写出下列数字的序数词：1,2,3,5,9,12,20,34二、写出1—12月份：三、选择填空：1.Couldyoutellushowtoreadthenumber18,306,211?A.eighteenmillion,threehundredandsixthousands,twohundredelevenB.eighteenmillion,threehundredandsixthousand,twohundredandelevenC.eighteenmillions,threehundredsixthousands,twohundredsandeleven0.eighteenthousand,threehundredandsix,twohundredeleven2.Shakespearewasbornin。A.1660s 6.166018C.the1660sD.the1660183.Billsaidtheyweregoingtohaveholiday。A.atwo-weeks5B.atwo-weekC.twoweeks*D.twoweeks4.0verofthearticlesoneducationhavebeenpublishedoA.twothirdsB.twothirdC.secondsthree0.secondsthird.Myfatherlefthomeatabout_。A.sixthirtyB.thirtysixC.thirtytosixD.sixpastthirty.Weallthinkthatthecenturywillbringusmorehopes0A.twenty-firstB.twentieth-firstC.twenty-oneD.twentieth-one. Whafsyourroomnumber?——IfSoA.The601RoomB.601RoomC.TheRoom601D.Room601.thestudentsusuallysurfontheInternetandgetinformation0A.60percentsofB.60percentC.60percentofD.60percents.Severalnewbooksweresoldoutlastweek。A.ofthousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandW.Whichisright?A.2009,June25B.25thJune,2009C.June25,2009D.June25st,200911.Tomorrowismybirthday。A.sixteen B.sixteenthC.thesixteenthD.thesixteen12.Wehavestayedatthisschoolfor»Whichfollowingchoiceiswrong?A.twoandahalfyearsB.twoyearsandahalfC.twoyearsandhalfayearD.bothAandB四、写出下列正确形式：1o九年级2班2.第7排3.515房间4。在二层楼5.2009年2月14日6.50公里长的大桥7o在第46页8。第一中学9。四分之三10.49参考答案——、first,second,third,fifth,ninth,twelfth,twentieth,thirty-fourth二、January,February,March,April,May,June.July,August,September,October,November,December三、1.B。读数字时要先从右边开始确定出数位，右边开始数第三位要读thousand,再往前数三位读million,接着往前再数三位就是billion；hundred,thousand,million和billion都是数词不加s,百位和十位之间读时要加and；如果十位是0,也读and。.Do英语表示“……世纪……年代”时应为：“inthe+年代's”，如：在二十世纪八十年代=inthe1980's,表示从1980—1989这期间的10年；如果是in1980=在1980年，一年的时间。.B。holiday是个可数名词，所以前面不能丢了冠词；形容词放在aholiday的中间，这个形容词由数词和名词复合而成，复合后名词不能加s,two-week——“两周的”。.A。分数的构成：分子是基数词，分母是序数词；分子大于一，分母加s。.A,观察选项，理解句意，就可只要选择“6：30”这个时间的正确表达形式。有两种：halfpastsix和sixthirty。.A。世纪的表示法："inthe+序数词+century”。21的序数词是基数词twenty后加first..Do房间号的表达属于专有名词类，也不用冠词，所以首字母要大些，号码用阿拉伯数字表达。第几排也是同样的表达方法，如：第5排=口。川5。.C。百分数的表示法："基数词+percent+of”。不给percent加s。.Doseveral表达有三四个那样的基数词，thousand是数词时，前面有基数词，它本身也不加s；thousand是名词时构成短语thousandsof,这个短语的前面不用基数词。.C,年月日的表达法：“月份+日期，年代”，日期写序数词或基数词都可，一般都习惯写基数词，但读时要读成序数词。.B»表某人几岁的生日的方法："one's+序数词+birthday”12.C,几个半的表示法有两种：“基数词+单位名词（复数）+andahalf"“基数词+andahalf+单位名词（复数）”本题是找出一个错误的答案。四、1.Class2.Grade9Row7Room515onthesecondfloorFebruary14,2009a50-kilometre-longbridgeonPage46/onthe46thpageNo.1MiddleSchoolthreequarters10.forty-nine使用定冠词的15种情况：.表示特定的或上文提到过的人或物例:Haveyoueverbeentothecitybefore?（你曾经去过那个城市吗？）.指世界上独一无二的事物例：thesun（太阳）.用在序数词和形容词最高级前面例：thehottestnight（炎热的夜晚）.用在表示方向、方位的名词前例：theright（右边）.用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛前例：theHimalayas（喜马拉雅山）.用在某些形容词前表示一类人例：thewounded（伤员）.用在表示乐器的名词前例：thepiano（钢琴）.与单数名词连用表示一类事物例：Thehorseisausefulanimal.（马是有用的动物）.用在发明物之前例：thecompass（指南针）.用在逢十的复数数词前，表示年代例：inthe1990's（在20世纪90年代）.用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示某家人例：theBlacks（布莱克一家）.用在单位名词前例：measurebythemetre（用米来衡量）.用在身体的部位前例：catchsb.bythearm（抓住胳膊）.用在某些专有名词前例:theUnitedNations（联合国）.用在某些习惯用语中例：bytheway（顺便说）介词1.at,inon的用法表示时间点用at。例如：atsixo'clock,atnoon,atmidnighto表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：intheninettenthcentury,in2002,inmay,inwinter,inthemorning,intheafternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：onMonday,onJuly1st,onSundaymorning等。(2)、at,in,onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.Theyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.Thereisabigholeinthewall.Theteacherputupapictureonthewall.infrontof,inthefrontof3,oinfrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.4in,afterin与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示•段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：Hew川bebackintwomonths.Hewillarriveafterfouro'clock.Hereturnedafteramonth.连词并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：(1)表并列关系的and,both...and,notonly...butalso,neither…nor等。(2)表选择关系的or,either...orWo(3)表转折关系的but,while等。(4)表因果关系的for,so等。从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,assoonas等。(2)引导条件状语从句的此unless等。(3)引导结果状语从句的sothat,so...that,such…that等。(4)弓|导比较状语从句的than,as…as等。(5)引导名词从句的that,if,whether等。词形变化专项练习用所给词的适当形式填空：(it)acat.Andtheseare(it)food.Give(they)to (it).(we)mustfollow(she).(Who)isthisskateboard?It's(he)(not)kicktheball.(who)mirrorisit?Isit(your)?heusuallyhaveapartyatweekendsNo,he.(do)MissLi(have)alongholidaythegirllike(sit)quietlyYes,shedoes.you(play)theviolinNo,Ican't.(who)combisthisIl's(she),Ithink.Helenlike(swim)youoftenflyakiteNo,we.(did) yourbrotherandyou(have)anyquestions?/没有东西canstopusfromlearningEnglishwell.(final).theoldmothercried.(eat)toomuchisbadforyourhealth.isthefourthdayofaweek.(smoke)isbadforyourhealth.(notdraw)onthewall.(notdraw)onthewall.Anumberofstudentsalways(study)hard.Atortoisehasfourlegs,butitmovesvery(慢).thegirl1ike(sit)quietly?Yes,shedoes.Afterheheartheresult,he(面露)asmileonhisface.Afterschoolhe(help)anoldman.Afterthediscussion,Amy(同意)withmyfutureplan.Al1kindsof(vegetable)aregoodforour(healthy)AllthepeopleinNanjingarevery(friend).Anndidn'tcometoschoolbecauseofher(ill)Areyou(comfort)orshallIturntheheatdownAssoonasIwentbed.Ifel1(sleep).Beijingisagoodplace(go)sightseeing.Calmdown.Takeiteasy.Don*tbe(紧张不安的).Canyouhelp(I)with(I)English? Canyouhelpmethedog? 1(feed)now.Mom.Canyouhelptom?Heneedssome(help).Didyoulike(milk)cows,Nancy?DopeopleusuallymooncakesatMid-autumnFestivalYes,theydo.DidyoumoomcakeslastMid-autumnFestivalYes,Idid.Ialotofdeliciousmoomcakes.(eat)Doyoufinish(read)thisstorybook?Doyouknowwho*sonmybunk(lie)Doyou1ikegoing(ride)?Don,tceachotherafterclass,itisverydan