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高考英语短文改错常见错误类型高考英语短文改错常见错误类型高考英语短文改错常见错误类型V:1.0精细整理,仅供参考高考英语短文改错常见错误类型日期:20xx年X月高考英语短文改错常见错误类型1、冠词的多用、少用、混用。2、名词的数与格的误用。3、主谓不一致的错误。学生往往容易忽视定语从句中强调句型中的主谓一致性。4、代词的指代不一致的错误。代词的指代一致性包括人称、数、格和性四方面的统一。代词的人称可分为第一、二、三人称和非人称;代词的数分为单数和复数;代词的格分为主格、宾格、所有格还有名词性物主代词;代词的性分为阳性、阴性和中性。5、动词的时态、语态和语气的误用。多数动词有时态、语态、和语气变化形式,还有上下文的时态呼应,主从句的时态一致。6、非谓语动词的误用。非谓语动词的难点主要体现在V—ing形式和过去分词的用法区别、V—ing形式与不定式的用法区别、以及非谓语动词的时态、语态的正确运用。7、形容词、副词的混用及其比较等级的误用。形容词一般在句中作定语修饰名词或代词,作表语说明主语的性质、特征;而副词的作用较复杂,常常修饰形容词、副词、介词短语、动词或全句。形容词和副词比较等级的误用现象:①省略不当;②自身比较;③修饰语的误用;④than连接的两个比较对象不一致或不平行。8、关联词语的误用。关联词分并列连词and,but,or,so,when等,从属连词——各种从句的引导词。关联词语的误用除涉及到其基础知识,还涉及至行文逻辑关系。短文改错题惯用的命题手法是:①and,but,or,so等之间的混用;②because与so并用;③although与but并用;④why与because并用;⑤come与go混用;⑥here与there混用。9、平行结构的误用。平行结构是指用一连串作用和结构相同的或相似的成份表达同一范畴或同一性质、密切关联的内容。平行结构有词之间的平行、词组之间的平行、句子或从句之间的平行、段落之间的平行。在平行结构中常用的并列连词有and,but,or,than等。10、成分的多与少——多一词或少一词。多或少的词语,常见于冠词、介词、不定式标记to等,不过有时也可能是实义词。在短文改错中常出现repeatback,servefor等错误。这类错误大多由于学生受汉语表达习惯的影响,或对英语词义的理解不够准确造成的。11、固定搭配、习惯用法和介词的误用。短文改错中涉及到固定搭配、习惯用法常常多用、少用或误用其中的介词,有时也涉及到其中的动词、冠词的错误搭配。1.动词时态和语态每年都有时态错误的小题,而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。(1)(2003全国卷)Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.Allsaidthestorywas...84.read(and连接并列谓语)(2)(2004江苏卷)AtonceIapologizeandcontrolledmyself...83.apologized(and连接并列谓语)(3)(2004全国卷)Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass,...82.talk(根据sometimes可判断此句为一般现在时)(4)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)Iwillwriteagainandsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.85.took(把照片寄给你,应该是已经拍好的,用过去时)(5)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhilestudyingatschool.Oneofthemwasthattheycanearnmoney.77.is(从上下文判断,应该是现在时,谓语用is)(6)(2005江苏卷)WenamedhimJackandkeephimforaboutthreeyears.76.kept(and连接并列谓语)【好题调研】1.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.Imetherseveraltimes.2.Afterthedrive,itwascostjustover£2toputthecarbackintoperfectcondition.3.AlltheticketshadsoldoutwhenIgottothecinema.4.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinthecitysince1990.5.Theteachercaughtmecheating.Idon'tknowwhattosay.6.Hardlydidthedoctorgonetobedwhentherewasaknockonthedoor.7.Theharderyouwillwork,thebetterresultsyouwillhave.8.Yesterdaywewereplayingbasketballwhiletheyareplayingfootball.9.Ishouldverymuchliketohavegonetotheparty,butIamnotinvited.10.Idon’tthinkshe’llbeupset,butI’llseeherincaseshedoes.答案与解析:1.met前加have。2.去掉was。3.had后加been。4.去掉been。5.don't→didn’t。6.did→had。7.去掉第一个will。8.are→were。9.am→was。10.does→is。【强化闯关】1.Everypossiblemeanshastried,butnoneprovessuccessful.2.Weweretoldnottogothatwaybecausethebridgewasrepaired.3.ThepenIthoughtIlostisonmydesk,rightundermynose.4.IspenttwoweeksinParis5.I'mreallydiscouraged,Ididn'texpecttherewillbesomuchtroubleinfindingajobhere.6.IhavebeenstudyingcomputerforseveralyearsandIstillhave.7.LastSunday,hewenttothelibrary,borrowingtwobooksandthenleft.8.Neithersidewaswillingtogiveinatall,asaresultnoagreementhasreached.9.MrWhiteworksasalawyernow,buthehasworkedinacompanyforseveralyears.10.Shewassointerestedinthebookthatshereaditforthreehoursbeforesherealizedit.11.WhenIsawhersmilingface,Iknewsheiswritinggoodnewsofherdaughter.12.Remembertosendmeaphotoofusnexttimeyouwillwritetome.13.Icanguessyouwereinahurry.Youwerewearingyoursweaterinsideout.14.IknowMr.Brown;weareintroducedtoeachotherataninternationalconference.15.Iwanttobuythatkindofclothbecausetheclothiswashes

well.答案与解析:1.has后加been。2.was后加being。3.lost前加had。4.Had→Have。5.will→would。6.第二个have→am。7.borrowing→borrowed。8.has→was。9.去掉has。10.read前加had。11.is→was。12.去掉will。13.第二个were→are。14.are→were。15.去掉is。2.名词单复数(1)单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一,改动的依据有:一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份;二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。(1)(2003全国卷)Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.85.words(是把word改为words还是把were改为was,根据名词前的修饰限定词their来决定。)(2)(2004江苏)thatwasadinnerwehadwaitedforseveralmonth.85.months(several修饰复数名词)(3)(2004全国卷Ⅰ)afewminuteontheInternet.77.minutes(afew修饰复数名词)(4)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)Butoneandahalfyearlater.79.years(oneandahalf意思为一年半,故判断此处year应为复数形式)(5)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)Thereareadvantageforstudentstowork...76.advantages(从thereare判断应该用名词复数)【好题调研】1.Pleasereadtheinstructioncarefullybeforeusingthemedicine.2.It'ssuchanimportantinformationthatweshouldreportittotheheadmasteratonce.3.AretheygoingtohaveapicniconChildrensDay4.Tomysurprised,Ifoundwehavemuchincommoninourtaste.5.Therearefiveshoestochoosefrom,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.6.TheNewYorkTimesarereadallovertheUnitedStates.7.Thepoliceissearchingthecityforathief.8.DuringmystayinLondonIvisitedmanyplacesofinterests.9.Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasmaths,Chinese,English,andphysics.10.Itakeaquickatsomeoftheheadlineonthefrontpage.答案与解析:1.instruction→instructions。2.去掉冠词an。3.Childrens→Children’s。本题考查复数名词所有格的用法。children本身是复数名词,其所有格应加’s,类似地,Women’sDay,Teachers’Day,Nurses’Day等。4.surprised→surprise。5.shoes前加pairsof。6.are→is。7.is→erests→interest。9.subject→subjects。10.headline→headlines。【强化闯关】1.WepracticethreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTVtogether.2.Carryyourvaluablewithyou,yourmoney,jewelry,cameraandsoon.3.Themajorityofdoctorsbelievessmokingisharmfultohealth.4.Afteroneyearhardwork,theSeniorThreestudentshavealreadypreparedthemselvesfortheentranceexamination.5.TodayIvisitedtheSmiths—myfirsttimevisittoanAmericanfamily.6.Thatiswherethemaindifferencebetweenanimalsandhumanbeinglies.7.Shesaidsheandmyclassmateallwishedmesuccess.8.ProfessorWhitegavemeoneofthebestpieceofadviceI’veeverheard.9.Ifyouhavetroublesfallingasleep,somepeoplesuggestbreathingslowly.10.Iaskedseveralpasser-by,butunfortunatelynoneofthemknewthedifference.11.Rememberthatwewillnotalwaysgetsomanytimeforourparentandotherfamilymembers.12.Isawyourwifeandchildrenwaitingformewithwarmsmileofwelcomeontheirfaces.13.Itoldhernottousetheofficephoneforpersonalcall.14.Lookingbackatmychildhoodexperience,Ithinkthatthreereasonmightexplainthefear.newhomeshavebeenbuiltinhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.答案与解析:1.match→matches。本题是名词复数的使用错误。结合语境,通过电视所看比赛不止一场,复数概念。2.valuable→valuables。本题是因为不了解词的特殊意义而出错。此处valuable是名词,作“贵重物品”讲,应用复数形式。3.believes→believe。本题是因为不了解majority的用法造成主谓不一致。majority表示“大多数”,作主语,谓语用复数形式。4.year→year’s。表示“时间”等名词此作定语时,常用其所有格形式。5.去掉time。本题考查英汉差别造成的语义重复。英语中first本身已经包含“第一次”之意,因此后边的time是多余的。6.being→beings。本题是名词数的使用错误。humanbeing表示“人类”,是可数名词,此处与animals相对应,应用其复数形式。本句中themaindifference作主语,单数形式。7.classmate→classmates。本题考查根据语境用复数的判断能力。结合常识一个学生的classmate不止一个吧,其次,后边用all表示“都祝福我成功”也说明classmates应用复数形式。8.piece→pieces。本题考查语境中必须用复数形式的场合。oneof…结构中心名词须用复数形式来表示“……之一”。9.troubles→trouble。本题考查常用句型中名词的用法。havetrouble/difficultyindoing是常用句型,其中trouble/difficulty都是不可数名词。10.passer-by→passers-by。本题考查根据语境用复数的判断能力以及复合名词复数的构成。several暗示后边用复数形式;passer-by属于复合名词,这类词往往加在中心名词上,再如,brothers-in-law,standers-by,grown-ups。11.many→much。本题考查不可数名词的修饰语。many,agoodmany,agreatnumberof等都表示“许多”概念,但只能修饰可数名词复数形式。12.smile→smiles。本题考查根据语境用复数的判断能力。不止一个人的笑脸,因此应用复数形式。13.call→calls。本题为名词数的误用。call为可数名词,在此语境中须用复数;如用单数须加不定冠词a。14.reason→reasons。本题为名词数的误用。three后接复数名词。→houses。home表示“有人类活动的家庭”,而house单纯指“供人居住的房子”。3.句子结构句子结构方面的错误范围庞大,解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考:1)句子结构是否完整,成份是否冗缺;2)单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符;3)主谓一致;4)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。(1)(2004全国卷)Iwon’tbeabletomeetyouattheairportalthoughIhaveclassesintheafternoon.78.because/as(复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当)(2)(2004全国卷Ⅱ)Idon’tknowthattheydon’tliketotalkwithme.81.why(复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当)(3)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)Forthemostpart,studentsworkingtoearnmoneyfortheirownuse.78.work(缺谓语动词)(4)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)Earningtheirownmoneyallowthemtospendonanythingiftheylike.79.allows(主语是动名词短语Earningtheirownmoney,谓语应该用单数)(5)(2005江苏卷)ButthemostwonderfulthingaboutJackwerehismusicalability.84.was(主语是第三人称单数)4.赘述高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词,从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。(1)(2003全国卷80)Ifollowedheradviceandshouldputdown100wordsorsoeachday.80.should(并列谓语,should多余)(2)(2004全国卷)CanyoutellmeaboutwhatIshoulddo85.about(tellsbabout/ofsth或tellsb接从句)(3)(2004重庆卷)Ihadtolookuptothesamewordmanytimes,...78.to(lookupaword查字典)(4)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)Somestudentsmayalsotosaveupfortheircollegeorfutureuse.84.to(情态动词may后接动词原形)(5)(2005江苏卷)ButforthemostwonderfulthingaboutJackwashismusicalability.83.for(but是连词for是介词,不能并列)5.固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配)所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。如固定短语中的词不能缺,固定搭配要前后一致等。(1)(2003全国卷81)SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwas...81.talking(enjoydoing为固定短语)(2)(2004全国卷Ⅰ)Iamsuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeasafool.79.at(laughatsb.固定短语)(3)(2004浙江卷)fromfriendscanallprovideyouforstampsfromallovertheworld.82.with(provide...with为固定短语)(4)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.76.for(thanksbforsth)(5)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)orforpermissiontodothingsbymoney.83.with(withmoney)6.冠词英语中冠词只有三个,从高考英语改错题的角度来看,只能从以下几个方向出题:1)不定冠词a和an互改;2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改;3)根据需要增删冠词。(1)(2004全国卷Ⅲ)IwillhavetodecidewhatIwanttodooveraweekend.77.the(根据句义是特指这个周末)(2)(2004江苏卷)WhenIwas∧boy,...76.∧a(我是一个男孩,应用不定冠词a.)(3)(2004辽宁卷)ThiswasmyfirstvisittoaEnglishfamily.78.an(English开头字母是元音,应该用an)(4)(2004重庆卷)Istartedwritingdownwordsfrom∧booksthatIread.82.∧the(名词后由从句修饰时,应使用定冠词)(5)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)Ihopeyou’vehad∧pleasantjourneyhomeandwillcometoChina83.∧a【好题调研】1.Besides,it’swasteoftimeandenergyformyteachertovisitmyhome.2.Anewsciencemuseumwasopentopublicinmycitylastmonth.3.Whatagreatfunitistohaveaswiminthesummervacation!4.Tenminuteslater,thefiremencameandputoutfire.5.IusedtobeahappylittlegirlbutnowI’mshyandsayafewwords.6.IhadnotstudiedatallattheweekendasIhadthoughtitwouldbeaeasytest. 7.Sincehehasnosenseofhumor,I’msurehedidn’tcatchhumorinyourremarks.8.Astrangerstoppedinthefrontofmeandaskedmethewaytoanewrestaurant.9.IbegantofeelworriedbecauseIdidn’thaveeitheraraincoatorumbrellaaboutme.10.Sheexplainedwhatherproblemwastooneofhelpfulshopassistants.答案与解析:1.waste前加a。本题考查名词固定搭配。awasteof浪费(时间、金钱)。2.public前加the。本题考查含名词的固定短语。thepublic公众;人民。3.去掉a。fun表示“有趣的人或事”但是不可数名词。greatfun很有趣的人或事。4.fire前加the。本题考查名词表示特指的用法。这里特指消防队员要扑灭的大火。5.去掉第二个a。本题考查根据句子逻辑进行判断的能力。根据usedto表示前后对比的用法得知,后半句表示自己现在沉默寡言,否定意义。6.a→an。本题考查可数名词前冠词的准确运用。由于中心名词test是单数形式,而easy以元音开头,因此前边应加上an而不是a。由于不细心造成功亏一篑,可惜呀!7.第二个humour前加the。本题考查同一名词不同语境的灵活用法。asenseofhumor幽默感。第二空特指谈话中的幽默点。8.去掉第一个the。本题考查易混介词短语的用法。inthefrontof表示内部的前边,而inthefrontof表示“在……前边”(相对位置),显然这里应用后者。9.umbrella前加an。本题考查可数名词前冠词的准确运用。umbrella是可数名词,又以元音开头,前边应用不定冠词an。10.helpful前加the。本题考查特定语境中名词表示特指的用法。显然这里特指特定的一位善解人意的营业员。【强化闯关】1.IwasinsuchhurrythatIburntmyhandwhenIwascookingbreakfast.2.Yes,whynotgivemeacallorcomefortheget-togetherthisweekend3.Thesecleaningwomenarepaidbyhour.4.Helenwaspleasedwiththeofferanddecidedtostartworknextday. 5.OfallthestudentsImadefewestmistakesintheexam.6.Doyouknowwhoisinthechargeofthechildrenhere7.Hefeltthatsomebodypattedhimonhisshoulder.8.ThemostimportantthingaboutcottoninhistoryisapartthatitplayedintheIndustrialRevolution.9.Eachplayermustobeycaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.10.Asshedidn’twanttospendmuchmoney,shechosecheaperofthetwo.11.Pleasetellagoodnewstotherestofthefamilyassoonaspossible.12.Whensunwassetting,hestilldidn'tcatchanyfish.13.HereisintroductiontotheBeechSchoolofEnglish.14.Infactmanypeopleenjoysportsbywatchingtheothersplay.15.TheWilsonsliveinanA-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itisthe17thcenturycottage.答案与解析:1.hurry前加a。本题考查固定搭配准确运用能力。inahurry是固定词组,意为“匆忙地”。2.the→a。本题考查可数名词前冠词的确定。由于是第一次出现“聚会”这个概念,应理解为泛指,因此前边应用a。3.hour前加the。计量单位词前要用the。bythehour表示按小时(付钱等)。4.next前加the。本题考查冠词的灵活用法。nextday泛指“明天;第二天”,若表示具体一天之后“第二天”应用thenextday。5.fewest前加the。本题考查形容词最高级前使用定冠词的用法。thefewestmistakes错误最少。6.去掉第一个the。本题考查易混短语的用法。inchargeof表示“负责;主管”,而inthechargeof表示“由……负责”,意思相反。根据本句意思,应用前者。7.his→the。本题考查特定句型中冠词的使用。“hit,pat,strike,catch,seize,take…+sb.on/in/by+the+身体部位名词”是常用句型,应牢记。8.a→the。本题考查名词表示特指的用法。这里特指棉花在工业革命中所起的作用,是特指,应用the。9.captain前加the。本题考查名词表示特指的用法。后边的定语从句起限制作用,应用定冠词the修饰。10.cheaper前加the。本题考查冠词与比较级连用的用法。表示“两者之间更……”应用“the+比较级+of”句型。11.a→the。本题考查结合语境名词表示特指的用法。显然这里特指双方都知道的消息,因此应用定冠词the。12.sun前加the。本题考查结合定冠词the基本用法。日月星辰、江河湖海等名词前常用定冠词roduction前加an。本题考查单数可数名词前冠词的用法。anintroductionto对……的介绍。14.去掉the。本题考查与冠词相关的易混代词的用法。theothers表示“剩余的全部”,而others表示“其他人;别人”。本句意为:事实上许多人所谓喜欢体育是看着别人玩的。15.第三个the→a。一般来说,序数词前应用定冠词the,但这里中心词是cottage,侧重表示“一个十七世纪风格的茅屋”,泛指概念。7.代词代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致,其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系。(1)(2004浙江卷)Andeveryyearmoreandmorepeoplestartastampcollectionofyourown...78.their(指代对象应一致)(2)(2004湖北卷)Youhavetobefriendswithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim.83.them(pupils是复数,后应该用替代复数名词的代词。)(3)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.85.their(指代对象应一致)(4)(2005江苏卷)Weoftenplayatrickonhimself.79.him(playatrickonsb)【好题调研】1.Thereisatrolleybusandabus;anywilltakeyouthere.2.Itsyourdecision,ofcourse,butIadviseyoutotakeit.3.Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroomyou'llhavetopayother$15.4.Wehadtodothewashing,cleaningandshoppingbyus.5.Ifthisdictionaryisnotyours,whoelsecanitbe6.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.7.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkhard,butwhichdidn’thelp.8.AtonceIapologizedandcontrolledmeatmybesttillthedinnerstarted.9.AndIcametounderstandthatwasnoteasytoearnmoney.10.Luckily,theteacherdidnotpunishforcheatingbutinsteadgavemeasecondchance.答案与解析:1.any→either。本题是语境逻辑考虑不周造成。这里应用either表示“两者之一”。2.Its→It’s。本题考查易混不定代词的区别。Its是形容词性物主代词,而It’s是Itis的缩写,意思也不同。3.other→another。another$15表示“另外15元”,相当于15otherdollars。4.us→ourselves。本题考查反身代词的用法。根据语境应用byourselves表示“靠我们自己”。5.who→whose或else→else’s。本题考查句子内在逻辑判断。whoseelse=whoelse’s,表示“其他谁的(物品)”。6.his→their。不定代词指代一致性。TheSmiths表示“史密斯夫妇”或“史密斯一家人”,复数概念,因此后边用didtheirbest与之呼应。7.which→it。本题考查句法用法。but是并列连词,引导并列句,而which引导定语从句,前后矛盾,所以应理解为并列句比较合适。8.me→myself。本题是反身代词的语境运用错误。根据语境这里指“我”自我调控,反身代词作宾语。9.was→it。本题考查it作形式主语的用法。这里it代替后边的不定式短语作形式主语。10.punish后加me。本题是代词语境运用错误。punishsb.forsth.因为……而惩罚某人。【强化闯关】1.Noprogresswasmadeinthetradetalksasnonesidewouldaccepttheconditionsoftheother.2.StayingwithanEnglishfamilyitwillprovideyouwithachancetopractiseyourspokenEnglish.3.Ineedsomeblueinktodaybutthereisnothingathand.4.ThedaybeforethespeechcontestEnglishteachertalkedtome.5.Thethievesfledthetownseparately,everycarryingabag.6.Mostofthehouseworkwasdonebytwomembersofthefamily,mysisterandmine.7.Cuttheappleintohalvessothatthetwinsmayeachgetotherhalf.8.Fewpleasurescanequalthoseofacooldrinkonahotday.9.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.10.WasyouthatIsawlastnightattheconcert11.IpreferastreetinasmalltowntothatinsuchalargecityasShanghai.12.ThereisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.13.TheParkersboughtanewhousebuthewillneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.14.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohaveit.15.There’resomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan’tmakeupmymindwhattobuy.答案与解析:1.none→neither。本题考查不定代词基本用法。none用于三者以上,而theother用于二者之间,结合语境谈判是在两者之间,所以改none为neither。2.去掉it。本题考查句法应用,因为StayingwithanEnglishfamily可以直接作主语,所以后边的it是多余的,应去掉。3.nothing→none。本题考查易混不定代词的区别。nothing意为“没有东西”,侧重回答有没有,而侧重表示“没有一个人”或“没有一点东西”侧重数量,显然这里指后者。4.English前加my。本题是单数名词前修饰语问题。teacher是可数名词,因此前边应用my进行限定。5.every→each。本题是混淆了every和each的区别。every是形容词,只能作定语,而each可作代词或形容词,作主语、宾语、同位语等。6.mine→me。本题是代词指代一致性错误。根据语境,mysisterandme作前边twomembersofthefamily的同位语,又位于介词之后,因此应用宾格。7.other前加the。halves本题是忽略语境关键词导致错误。halves暗示总共只有两份,各取其一,即“两者之一”。8.those→that。本题考查代词指代用法。that多替代单数可数名词或不可数名词,而those代替复数名词。这里that代替thepleasureofacooldrink。9.showed后加it。本题是动词短语结构不完整。show…tosb.把……给某人看。10.Was后加it。本题是固定句型运用错误。原句是强调句型,即Itis/was…that…,应注意结构完整性。11.that→one。本题考查代词指代用法。that和one都可以代替单数可数名词,但that表示特指,而one表示泛指,theone才表示特指。12.There→It。本题考查it作形式主语的用法。这里it代替后边的主语从句作形式主语。13.he→it。本题考查代词指代用法。but后边it指代时间,而不是主语TheParkers。14.it→one。本题考查不定代词的用法。it可指上文提到的人或物,是同一个对象,而one指代上文提到的同一类人或物。15.what→which。本题考查易混不定代词的区别。what和which都可以引导从句作宾语,前者强调内容,后者强调特定范围内的选择,有所不同。8.介词1.介词固定搭配错误【典例1】Forexample,youcanfindsuchinformationlikehowtokillpeople. 解析:like→as。2.介词习惯用法错误【典例2】Athearingthegoodnews,theyjumpedwithjoy.解析:At→On/Upon。介词习惯用法错误。On/Upon后接名词或动词-ing形式表示“一……就”。该句意为:一听到这则好消息,他们高兴地跳了起来。3.易混介词误用【典例3】HisfatherwillbebackfromLondonafterafewdays.解析:after→in。易混介词误用。【好题调研】1.Theprofessordividedhissparetimeintowalkingandwriting.2.Holidayandbirthdaypostcardscanallprovideyouforstampsfromallovertheworld.3.Thebuildingwasnamedaherowholaiddownhislifeforthecauseofthepeople.4.TheTVsetwasrepairedbutnotquitewiththeowner’ssatisfaction.5.Excepthiswife,hisdaughteralsowenttoseehim.6.Whathesaidjustnowhadlittletodowiththequestionindiscussion.7.AlthoughTomagreedwithheronmostpoints,herewasoneforwhichhewasunwillingtogivein.8.Asproductionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.9.ButforthemostwonderfulthingaboutJackwerehismusicalability.10.Luckily,thebulletnarrowlymissedthecaptainforaninch.答案与解析:1.into→between。介词搭配错误。此句的意思是:教授把业余时间在散步和写作之间分配,并非把时间分成散步和写作,故不用into。2.for→with。介词搭配错误。providesb.withsth.意为“给某人提供某物”。3.named后加after。固定搭配错误。name…after表示“以……给……命名”。4.with→to。介词搭配错误。toone’ssatisfaction表示“令某人满意的是”。该句意为:电视修理了,但不是很令主人满意。5.Except→Besides。易混介词用法错误。besides表示“除了……之外还”,后边的also是关键信息。6.in→under。介词搭配错误。介词under后接名词表示“正在进行”,underdiscussion意为“正在讨论”。7.for→to。动词固定搭配错误。givein意为“屈服;投降”,接宾语时,后加介词to。本题中towhichhewasunwillingtogivein是“介词+关系代词”结构引起的定语从句。8.As→With。固定句型介词误用。这是“with+名词/代词+介词短语(upby60%)”构成的复合宾语结构9.去掉for。易混介词用法错误。butfor意为“要不是”,往往与虚拟语气连用,而本句表示转折关系,因此应去掉for。10.for→by。介词用法错误。介词后接数词,表示“相差”。该句意为:幸运的是,子弹差一英寸偏过上尉。【强化闯关】1.By1929,MickeyMousewasaspopularbychildrenasCoca-Cola.2.Therewerefiftypeopleontheboardwhentheaccidenthappens.3.Wehadn’tplannedtomeet.Wemetbyachance.4.September18,1931isthedayonwhichwe’llneverforget.5.WeshowgreatrespectMr.Anderson,ournewEnglishteacher.6.Haveyoubeentotheplacewhereyourfatherworkedthere7.Thebetteruseyoucanmakeuptime,thegreatercontributionsyouwillmaketosociety.8.Cancerissecondonlywithheartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.9.Thedoctortoldhernottoeatanythingamongthethreemeals.10.Thechildwaslostintheforest,wherehewaswiththemercyofwildbeasts.11.Thelibraryfromthatweborrowbookswillberebuiltnextyear.12.Weofferedhimourcongratulationsforhispassingthecollegeentranceexams.13.Myunclelivesin116ChangheStreet.Hisroomisonthesixthfloor.14.Weknownothingabouthimexcepthissonjoinedinthearmy.15.It’ssonicetogooutforawalkinacoolnicesummerevening.答案与解析:1.by→with。介词搭配错误。bepopularwith意为“受到……欢迎”。2.去掉第一个the。介词搭配错误。onboard意为“在(车、船、飞机)上”。3.去掉a。介词搭配错误。bychance意为“偶然地;意外地”。4.去掉on。定语从句关系词准确运用错误。这里定语从句谓语spend是及物动词,后边缺少宾语,因此介词on是多余的。5.respect后加for。动词固定搭配错误。showrespectfor意为“对……表示尊敬”。6.去掉there。7.up→of。8.with→to。9.among→between。10.with→at。介词搭配错误。atthemercyof意为“任……处置;无能为力”。11.that→which。12.for→on。动词固定搭配错误。congratulationson…对……的祝贺语。13.in→at。介词习惯用法。涉及居住地街道编号等小地点,应用at。14.except后加that。15.in→on。介词习惯用法。一般来说,在上午、下午、晚上应用介词in,但表示具体一天的上午、下午、晚上等应用on。9形容词与副词及其比较等级形容词化过去分词与-ing形式使用不当【典例1】Ifoundthegameexcited,andmydadexplainedtherules.解析:excited→exciting。两种分词用法混淆。-ed分词一般表示“感到……”,而-ing形式则表示“令人……的”,注意从逻辑主语和语境意义上进行推断。这里表示比赛是“令人激动的”,应用exciting。【典例2】IhopeyouwillcometoChinaagainsometimesinthefuture.解析:sometimes→sometime。【典例3】ThemedicinehadsoabittertastethatItookitmixedinorangejuice.解析:so→such。【典例4】Frogsgodeepunderthemud.解析:deep→deeply。deep和deeply都可以用作副词,但含义有别:前者强调本义,“深地;深度地”,后者强调比喻义,“深深地”。重点:形容词、副词词类混用【典例4】Itwascompletedead,andIwasafewmilesawayfromanywhereonacold,wetnight.解析:complete→completely。【典例5】Weoftenplayedatrickonhim.We'dthrowacoinasfaraspossibly.解析:possibly→possible。【典例6】Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.解析:quietly→quiet。重点三:形容词、副词比较等级错误形容词副词比较等级错误在短文改错中复现率极高,常见错误表现在:1.比较结构不完整【典例7】Johnplaysfootballaswell,ifnotbetterthan,David.解析:well后加as。副词原级比较结构不完整。本句中ifnotbetterthan相当于插入语,这样原句变为:JohnplaysfootballaswellDavid.很明显,副词原级比较结构不完整,应用aswellas表示“和……一样好”。2.原级与比较级结构混用【典例8】Paperproducedeveryyearisthreetimesasheavierastheworld'sproductionofvehicles.解析:heavier→heavy。3.比较级、最高级修饰语错误【典例9】Boththedietandtheexercisewill

helpmetoloseweightandfeelmorebetter.解析:去掉more。比较级修饰语重复错误。more和less后边不能再用比较级,否则就造成重复。关于比较级、最高级的修饰语,注意以下几点:⑴可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even,alot,abit,alittle,still,much,far,yet,byfar等,表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量。【好题调研】1.Somepeoplearetryingtostealpersoninformationforbadpurposes.2.Somepeopleareagainsttheplan,butmuchmoresupportit.3.Bettystoodcloselytoherteacherandwatchedcloselywhathewasdoing.4.Wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraininghardly.5.However,weseldomfeltlonelyorhelplessly.6.I’llalsodoplentyofexercise,whichwon’tdo

meanyharmtoo.7.Itisagoodwayforustomemorizenewwordsbyseeingthemrepeated.8.Inexaminations,itisdishonestandfoolishlytohelportoaskhelpfromothers.9.Youwon’tbeabletogetanyfartherinformationuntiltomorrow.10.Manystudentssignedupforthe800-metres-longraceinthesportsmeeting.答案与解析:1.person→personal2.much→many。比较级运用不当。muchmore后接不可数名词,根据语境这里manymore是manymorepeople的省略。3.第一个closely→close。易混副词错误。closeto意为“靠近;接近”,强调距离近,而closely意为“密切地;紧密地”,多用于表示比喻义或抽象意义。4.hardly→hard/heavily。易混副词错误。rainhard/heavily是习惯用法,意为“下大雨”,而hardly也是副词,但意义发生改变,意为“几乎不”。5.helplessly→helpless。6.too→either。易混副词错误。二者都表示“也”,too用于肯定句末,而either用于否定句末。7.repeated→repeated。8.foolishly→foolish。9.farther→further。10.800-metres-long→800-metre-long。复合形容词使用不当。复合形容词中含有名词都应用单数形式。【强化闯关】1.HeknewsuchlittleFrenchthathecouldn'tmakehimselfunderstood.2.Johnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyesopening.3.TheMississippiRiverislongerthananyriverintheU.S.A.4.Howbeautifulshesings!Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.5.Ihadinvited50gueststotheparty,butactuallytwiceasmuchcame.6.Itisgenerallytruethatthelowerthestockmarketsfall,higherthepriceofgoldrises.7.Heisastallfellowashiselderbrother.8.Itisabeautifulcar,butitisnotworthythepricethatIpaidforit.9.Mr.SmithownsalargecollectionofcoinsthananyoneIhaveevermet.10.Heispossibletocometohelpusifhedoesn’thavetoattendthemeeting.11.Fromhissatisfying

voiceonthephoneIknoweverythingiswellunderway.12.Thehousesinthevillagearemost

builtofwoodandhay.13.Attentionplease,everybody!Pleasekeepsilentforamoment.Andletmetakeaphoto.14.Goodwaysofdoingthingsmeansavingtime,andbesidesitisimportantforustofindthem.15.Thenumberofpeoplepresentattheconcertwasmuchmore

thanexpected.Thereweremanyticketsleft.答案与解析:1.such→so。2.opening→open。3.any后加other。4.beautiful→beautifully。5.much→many。6.higher前加the。7.fellow前加a8.worthy→worth。9.anyone后加else。10.possible→likely。11.satisfying→satisfied。12.most→mostly。13.silent→still。14.besides→therefore。15.more→smaller。【好题调研】1.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.Imetherseveraltimes.2.Afterthedrive,itwascostjustover£2toputthecarbackintoperfectcondition.3.AlltheticketshadsoldoutwhenIgottothecinema.4.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinthecitysince1990.5.Theteachercaughtmecheating.Idon'tknowwhattosay.6.Hardlydidthedoctorgonetobedwhentherewasaknockonthedoor.7.Theharderyouwillwork,thebetterresultsyouwillhave.8.Yesterdaywewereplayingbasketballwhiletheyareplayingfootball.9.Ishouldverymuchliketohavegonetotheparty,butIamnotinvited.10.Idon’tthinkshe’llbeupset,butI’llseeherincaseshedoes.答案与解析:1.met前加have。2.去掉was。3.had后加been。4.去掉been。6.did→had。7.去掉第一个will。8.are→were。9.am→was。10.does→is。【强化闯关】1.Everypossiblemeanshastried,butnoneprovessuccessful.2.Weweretoldnottogothatwaybecausethebridgewasrepaired.3.ThepenIthoughtIlostisonmydesk,rightundermynose.4.IspenttwoweeksinParislastyear.Hadyougonetherebefore5.I'mreallydiscouraged,Ididn'texpecttherewillbesomuchtroubleinfindingajobhere.6.IhavebeenstudyingcomputerforseveralyearsandIstillhave.7.LastSunday,hewenttothelibrary,borrowingtwobooksandthenleft.8.Neithersidewaswillingtogiveinatall,asaresultnoagreementhasreached.9.MrWhiteworksasalawyernow,buthehasworkedinacompanyforseveralyears.10.Shewassointerestedinthebookthatshereaditforthreehoursbeforesherealizedit.11.WhenIsawhersmilingface,Iknewsheiswritinggoodnewsofherdaughter.12.Remembertosendmeaphotoofusnexttimeyouwillwritetome.13.Icanguessyouwereinahurry.Youwerewearingyoursweaterinsideout.14.IknowMr.Brown;weareintroducedtoeachotherataninternationalconference.15.Iwanttobuythatkindofclothbecausetheclothiswashes

well.答案与解析:1.has后加been。2.was后加being。3.lost前加had。4.Had→Have。5.will→would。6.第二个have→am。7.borrowing→borrowed。8.has→was。9.去掉has。10.read前加had。11.is→was。12.去掉will。13.第二个were→are。14.are→were。15.去掉is热点聚焦热点一:介词和名词的固定搭配错误介词和名词的固定搭配错误在高考短文改错中所占比值最大,主要表现在:1.介词和名词搭配中冠词误用【典例1】Thoughtheyoungcouplegottoknoweachotherquitebyachance,theyhadalotincommon.解析:去掉第一个a。bych

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