SOM知名地产深圳湾总体规划设计方案文本

Morethanany

othercity...more

thanany

otherregion,”theNation’s

Capitalshouldrepresentthefinestlivingenvironmentwhich

Americacanplanandbuild.-PresidentJohn

F.

Kennedy-FrameworkProposalsThe

MonumentalCoreFrameworkPlanestablishesnewdestinationsnear

theNationalMall,therebytransformingkey

precinctsinto

desirablesettingsfor

commemoration,recreation,andmixed-useactivitiesin

thenation’scapital.In

additionto

creatingnewdestinations,the

FrameworkPlanconnectstheseareaswithoneanother,theNationalMall,thewaterfront,

andtherestofthecitythrough

a

cohesivenetworkof

walkablecorridors

andgreen

spaces,anda

broaderrange

oftransitoptions.The

FrameworkPlanproposesa

seriesofstrategiesin

each

precinctthatcollectivelyintegratethemonumentalcoreintothefabricof

thecity.The

primarystrategies,which

are

supportedbyspecificrecommendations,

include:The

voyageofdiscoveryliesnotin

findingnew

landscapes,butin

having

neweyes.▪Transformingthe10th

StreetcorridorandreclaimingMarylandAvenue

in

theSouthwestRectangletoconnect

the

Mallwiththewaterfront.-Marcel

Proust▪▪Redesigningand

programmingPotomacPark

to

enhancethewaterfrontexperience.Connecting

the

Kennedy

Centerwiththe

White

House,President’sPark,andtheLincolnMemorialbyextendingthecommemorative

landscape

of

theNationalMallthroughtheNorthwestRectangle.The

FrameworkPlanenhancesexistingareasand

guides

new

developmentto

meet

theneeds

of

thefederalgovernment,enrichthecity’spublicrealm,andrepairthe

urbanfabric.Theserejuvenated

precinctswillbetteraccommodatefederaloffices,

memorials,

andculturalfacilities,andwillbe

animatedbyavarietyofdayandeveningactivitiesto

enhancethelivabilityoflocalandfederalWashington.▪Increasingthe

mix

of

uses

andimprovingthepublicrealm

alongPennsylvaniaAvenueandwithintheFederalTriangle

to

connectdowntown

withtheNationalMall.33M

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N34M

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NConnect

the

Mall

with

the

WaterfrontTHE

SOUTHWEST

RECTANGLETheSouthwestRectanglecanberebornasa

livelyand

sustainable

urbancenterconnecting

thecity’sdowntowncorewiththeNationalMall

and

thePotomac

riverfront.Thearea’sproximityto

the

Mall

anditsroleasa

centeroffederalemploymentprovidesanidealdensityofvisitorsandworkersto

supporta

livingdowntown.Thekey

proposalsfor

achievingthisvisionincluderedeveloping10th

Streetasa

vibrantmixed-usecorridorbetweenthe

Mall

andthe

waterfront;reestablishingMarylandAvenueasa

grandboulevardbetweentheU.S.Capitoland

theJeffersonMemorial;

andimprovingconnectionsthroughouttheprecinctby

restoringtheshattered

streetgrid.The

MonumentalCoreFrameworkPlanproposesmaintaining

theSouthwestRectangle

asa

majorfederalworkplace,increasingfederaloffice

space

whilealsointegratingadditional

usesto

improve

thelivabilityof

theprecinct.Forexample,redeveloped

parcelsalong10th

Streetcouldhousefederaloffices,withshops,

services,publicamenities,andculturalinstitutionswhile

accomodatingfederalsecurityneeds.Air-rightsspaceover

decked

highways,andsmaller,odd-shapedparcels,couldbe

usedfor

additionalprivatedevelopment,includinghousing,hotels,and

officespace.Thetransformedprecinctwould

offeropengreenspacesrecovered

from

intrusiverailandhighwayinfrastructure,tree-lined

streetswithcommanding

viewsto

theNationalMall

and

the

waterfront,

andculturaland

commemorativedestinationsattractingWashington

visitorsandlocalresidents.Throughefficientredevelopmenttherecanbeamplespacefor

newfederaloffices,

shops,

housing,publicspaces,anda

connectedstreetnetwork.The

FrameworkPlanalsoidentifiesfourpotentiallocationsin

theprecinctfor

nationallysignificantmuseumscomparableto

those

on

the

Mall:at

the10th

StreetOverlook;in

a

portion

of

theredeveloped

Forrestalcomplex;at

the

Department

of

theTreasury’sLiberty

Loan

Building;

andin

the

Department

ofAgriculture’sWhitten

Building.35M

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NCONNECT

THE

MALL

WITH

THE

WATERFRONTTHE

SOUTHWEST

RECTANGLEContextWithitsshipping

wharves

and

militaryarsenals,separatestheNationalMall

and

thecoreof

theDistrictfrom

the

waterfront.

Themassivescaleof10th

Streetisunwelcomingto

pedestrians,anditsmonochromaticlandscape,

punctuatedbyvastemptyplazas,discouragesmovementalong

thestreet.SouthwestWashington

becamea

working-classneighborhood,

hometo

a

diversemix

oflanduses,residents,housing,

and

incomelevels.Substandardlivingconditionswere

commonplace,

andbythe1930s

therewere

widespreadcallsfor

radicalchanges.A

uniquefeatureof

theSouthwestRectangleisthat

thearea

between

9thand12th

Streetsoperatesonmultiplelevels.The

upperstreetlevelprovidesprimaryaccessto

buildingentrances,

whilea

moreutilitarianlowerlevelaccommodatesraillines,parking,and

servicevehicles,similartodowntownChicago.Much

ofSouthwestWashington

wasrazedby

oneof

thenation’smost

ambitious

urbanrenewalprogramsin

the

middle

of

the

20th

century,withthe

demolition

of

more

than

400acresof

smallbusinessesandrow

housesdisplacingmorethan23,000

people.

The

newSouthwestFreewaydividedtheareaintoan

officeprecinctto

the

north

andaresidentialneighborhoodto

thesouth.

Thefreewayanditsrampsbecamephysicalandperceptualbarriersthatinterruptedthestreetgridandimpededmobility.SouthwestWashington

currentlycontainssixfederalagency

headquarters,

12

millionsquare

feetoffederaloffice

space,

and

anestimated70,000federalworkers.Approximatelyhalfof

thelandisfederallyowned,and

most

of

theprivatelyownedparcelsare

leasedtofederalagenciesorcontractors.Manybuildingsdonotoccupy

thefullcapacityoftheirsiteand

donotofferaccessibleuses

at

thestreetlevel,contributingto

theunfriendlypedestrianenvironment.Theprecinctisalsoalmostentirelybuiltorpaved,contributingtotheDistrict’surban

heatgainand

funnelingsignificantamounts

ofstormwaterrunoffinto

itsantiquatedsewersystem.Numerousproposalswere

madeto

improve

theSouthwestand

Southeast

neighborhoods.

Theplanthatwasimplementedincludedanelevated10thStreetlaterrenamedL’Enfant

Promenade,

flankedbylargemoderngovernmentbuildingsandterminatingin

a

circularoverlook.Theconstructionoftheseandotherbuildingscreateda

federalenclavebuiltin

theaustereInternationalStyle.Some

ofthesemodernbuildingsmaybeconsideredas

landmarksworthyof

preservation,such

as

therecentlydesignatedU.S.Departmentof

Housing

andUrbanDevelopment

headquartersdesignedbyMarcelBreuer.However,the

dominatingpresenceofsuperblockbuildingsobstructsvistas,sapsstreetlife,suppressesretailactivity,andisdevoidofgreen

space.

One

of

thelargestofthesestructures,theForrestalBuilding,

spans10th

StreetandeffectivelyDespitethechallengescreated

bymid-centuryredevelopment,renewed

interestin

theareacanbeseenin

therecentconstructionof

thePortalscomplex,the

planningfor

thePresidentDwight

D.EisenhowerMemorial,

the

modernization

of

theNassifBuildingthatformerlyhoused

theU.S.Department

ofTransportation,and

theDistrict’sredevelopmentoftheSouthwestWaterfrontandothernearbyprojects.36M

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NKeyImprovementsA.

Redefine

10th

Streetasaninviting,lively,mixed-usecorridorthatconnectstheNationalMalltothewaterfront,usingstate-of-the-artsustainableredevelopmentpractices.B.

Restore

Maryland

AvenueasagrandurbanboulevardthatlinkstheU.S.CapitoltotheJeffersonMemorialwhileenhancingmobilityandenvironmentalquality.C.

Repair

the

Urban

Fabricbyrestoringthestreetgrid,deckingoverhighways,andredevelopingsuperblockstoimprovethepublicrealm,integrateopenspace,increasedevelopmentdensity,andimprovethemixofuses.AerialviewoftheSouthwestRectangle.TheNationalMallU.S.CapitolWashingtonMonumentAIndependence

Ave.Res.113C

St.BTidalBasinCF

St.SouthwestFreewayThe

Framework

Plan

proposalfortheSouthwestRectangle.37M

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THE

MALL

WITH

THE

WATERFRONTRedefine10thStreetTHE

SOUTHWEST

RECTANGLEThesectionof10th

Streetthat

runssouthfromtheNationalMallto

itsterminusatanoverlookknown

as

BannekerPark

should

be

remade

asamixed-useculturalboulevardwithoutreducingownedorleasedfederaloffice

space.

ThestreetcouldbecomeWashington’snewestdestination,anchoredby

museums

ateitherend

andlinedwithstreet-levelrestaurants,shops,

and

open

space.Itcouldofferanappropriatesettingfor

national

commemorationandculturewitha

diversearrayofday,

evening,andweekend

activities.The

FrameworkPlanproposesnarrowing10th

Streetto

morecloselyreflectitsoriginalwidth,restoringa

humanscaletothestreetand

enhancing

thepedestrian

experience.Because

ofitsprominence,thecorridorprovidesopportunitiesto

commemoratePierreL’Enfant,

BenjaminBanneker,andothers.TheFrameworkPlanalsorecommends

inserting

additionalinfilldevelopment

andredevelopmentto

energizethecorridorand

maximizeitsdevelopmentcapacity.FORRESTALBUILDINGCOMPLEX

Thereuseofabuildingisalarge-scaleform

ofrecycling;however,incertainsituations,redevelopingasitemayhavegreaterbenefits.To

addressinefficientdevelopmentpatterns,inflexibledesigns,oragingfacilities,rebuildingcanbemoresustainable—particularlyifitinvolvesinfilldevelopmentthatiscompact,walkable,mixed-use,andtransit-friendly,andbuiltto

thehigheststandardsforgreenperformance.SuchisthecasewithanumberofbuildingswithintheForrestalcomplexonIndependenceAvenue.TheareaabovetheL’Enfant

PlazaMetrorailstationand

shoppingcenteralsoprovidesan

opportunityto

increasethe

amount

ofmixed-usedevelopment.Thiswillhelpto

createday,

evening,andweekendactivity.Additionally,redesignof

theU.S.PostalService

headquartersbuilding,locatedsouthofMarylandAvenuecouldalsoincreasethedevelopablearea,providingopportunitiesfor

street-levelretailorculturalusesto

fullyenergizethestreetlife.The10thStreetcorridorcouldbethenextgreatdestinationin

thecityifthestreetwere

designed

ata

comfortablepedestrian

scalewitha

vibrantmix

of

uses

andimproved

amenities.Near10th

Streeton

theNationalMall,

theAredesignoftheForrestalcomplexiscriticaltounlockingthepotentialofthecorridorandSmithsonian’siconicArts

andIndustriesBuildingcurrentlyliesvacant

butcouldberehabilitatedasa

highlyvisiblevisitororculturalcenter.TheU.S.Department

ofAgriculture’sneoclassicalWhittenBuilding,alsoprominentlylocatedon

theNationalMall,couldbereused

toextendthelineofculturalinstitutionsalong

the

Mall.

Thiswould

requirespecialcongressionalappropriation

to

relocatetheheadquartersto

anothersuitablesitewithinthemonumentalcoreor

theDistrict.reconnectingtheNationalMallwiththewaterfront.Ataminimum,itwouldrequireremovingthesectionspanning10th

Streetandfullydevelopingthesix-blockareatothesouthandwest.Ifdevelopedmoreefficiently,the20-acreareabetweenIndependenceandMarylandAvenues,and9thand12thStreetscouldyieldanincreaseofovertwomillionsquarefeetofspace.Thenewspacecouldaccommodatefederalofficesaswellascultural,hospitality,residential,andretailuses.Currentviewof10thStreet,lookingattheForrestalBuildingandnorthtowardtheSmithsonianCastle.Newandexistingfederalbuildingscanbeenlivenedwithsidewalkcafes,visitorcenters,culturalvenues,andgardens.Redesign

oftheForrestalcomplex

andenvironscouldprovideanopportunityto

develop20-acresshowcasingsustainableurbandesignandhigh-performanceinfrastructure,building,andlandscapepractices.38M

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NWhileadaptivereuseof

portions

of

thesiteshouldbeevaluated,redevelopmentofthiscomplexoffersthegreatestopportunityto

createa

morecompact,pedestrian-friendly,andenvironmentallysustainableurbanform.Itcouldalsorestore

thestreetgrid

byopeninglocalstreetssuch

asVirginiaAvenue,11thStreet,andC

Street.Redesignofthisareawouldnotonly

accommodatedesired

activitesandstreetlife,butitwould

alsorestoreviews

andestablishasignificantsymbolic

connectionbetweentheNationalMall

and

the10th

StreetOverlooklocatedat

theterminus

ofthestreet.Maximizing

the

developmentpotentialofthissitewould

promotethe

use

ofpublictransit,givenitsproximityto

the

Smithsonian

andL’EnfantPlazaMetrorailstations

and

theVirginiaRailwayExpress.Redevelopmentisalsoan

opportunitytodemonstrate

thefederalgovernment’sleadershipinhigh-performance

sustainable

urbandesignandgreenbuildingpractices,which

isultimatelynecessarytoreduceour

carbonfootprintandcontributeto

ahealthierurbanenvironment.Currentviewof10thStreetatIndependenceAvenue,lookingsouthattheForrestalBuildingandtowardthewaterfrontoverlook.10thStreetcan

becomea

livelyurbancorridorpunctuatedbya

nationallysignificantculturalinstitutionattheoverlook,linkingtheSmithsonianCastleontheNationalMallto

thewaterfront.39M

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THE

MALL

WITH

THE

WATERFRONTImaginingaGreatStreetTHE

SOUTHWEST

RECTANGLEMovingsouthfrom

theSmithsonianCastleontheNationalMall,onewouldbeinspiredbyboththecompellingbeautyoftheEnidHauptGardenandthegrandeurofthe10thStreetvista.CrossingIndependenceAvenuewouldbringthearoma

ofstreetfrontcafesandthehumofconversation.Emergingfrom

theshadedalléeoftrees,onewouldcrossMarylandAvenue,catchinga

glimpseoftheU.S.Capitolandadmiringa

beautifulmemorialattheintersection’scenter.Independence

Ave.Gardenscanproviderespitebetweendestinations.(Washington,

DC)Atthecrestof10thStreet,avisitormighttakeamomenttoappreciateanoutdoorartexhibitinoneofthenearbyplazasorgetsomethingtodrinkbeforeproceedingtoBannekerPark.Oncethere,onecould1C

St.reviewthatevening’seventsattheadjacentmuseumorsitbythefountainandtakeinthepanoramicviewoftheWashingtonChannelbelow.Aquickdescentofthegrandstaircasewouldleadtoships,markets,andotherattractionsatthenewSouthwestWaterfrontneighborhood.D

St.Intersectionscan

becomeengagingoutdoor

spaces.(Barcelona,Spain)1.

RedeveloptheForrestalcomplextoincludeamixofuses,includingculturalinstitutions,additionalfederalofficespace,andpublicamenities.562.

Createamixed-usedestinationatthe10thStreetOverlookanchoredbyaniconicculturaldestination,anengagingcivicspace,andanimprovedfountainwithinBannekerPark.F

St.343.

DeckovertheSouthwestFreewaytocreateanewFStreetandnewdevelopablesites.Spectacularfountainscanengageadultsandchildrenalike.(Atlanta,GA)24.

Encouragephasedair-rightsdevelopmentinconcertwithinfrastructureimprovements.5.

RedesigntheU.S.PostalServiceBuildingtoincreasedevelopableareaandprovidestreet-levelretailforfederalworkersandvisitors.6.

InfillL’EnfantPlazawithprivatemixed-usedevelopment.7.

ReestablishCStreet,11thStreet,andVirginiaAvenue.Framework

Plan

proposalforthe10thStreetcorridor.Grand

stairs

can

be

destinations

for

people-watching.(Rome,

Italy)40M

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NWATERFRONTOVERLOOK

A

key

featureof

theFrameworkPlanisthe

development

of

the10thStreetOverlookat

BannekerPark.Thelocationandtopographyof

thesiteoffersanimpressive

setting,ideallypositioningitto

supporta

prominentculturalinstitution.Alignedwiththe

SmithsonianCastleontheNationalMall,a

culturalvenueatthisdramaticand

memorableoverlook

would

anchorthe10thStreetaxisand

commandamonumental

andinspiringpresencefrom

thePotomac

Riveranditsshores.Street-levelretail,cultural,andhotelusescouldbeaccomodatedabovegrade

at

the

higherelevationon10th

Streetand

at

thelowerelevationalongMaineAvenue.Thiswouldcomplement

theDistrictof

Columbia’s

plannedmixed-useneighborhood

along

theSouthwestWaterfrontandestablisha

walkablecorridorbetweenthe

Malland

theWashington

Channel.Thisdestination

wouldbe

thefocalpoint

ofa

mixed-useair-rightsdevelopmentover

theSouthwestFreeway.A

clusterofresidential,office,and

entertainmentvenuescouldsurrounda

newBannekerPark

fountainandplaza,and

bebuiltinphasesover

time.Initialdevelopment

could

takeplaceeastof

the10th

Streetcorridorincludingtheareaover

theexistingfreeway.Subsequentdevelopmentwestof

thecorridorcould

becompletedasroadwayinfrastructureupgradesallow.AstheFrancisCase

Bridge

comesto

theend

ofitsserviceablelife,theSouthwestFreewayand12thStreetexpresswayrampscanbererouted

to

allowmoreappropriateurbandevelopment.A

grandterracedstaircaseconnecting

the10thStreetOverlookto

thewaterfrontcanbecomeanimportantcivicfeatureaswell.As

thethresholdto

theWashington

Channel,theseterraceswillbewell-traveled,offeringa

uniqueopportunityforcommemoration

andprovidingsweepingviews

of

theriverandPotomac

Park.While

ata

grandscale,thestaircasecanstillprovide

intimate,shadedseatingareasatitsedges

and

incorporatesmallerwaterfeaturesandpublicart

atvariouslevels.Thechangein

elevation

alsopresentsa

range

of

opportunitiestoincorporateappropriateusesbelow

andabovegrade.A

mix

ofmarine,commercial,andrecreationaluses

canactivatethewaterfront.(Seattle,WA)Currentview

from

the10thStreetOverlook,lookingsouthwesttowardtheWashingtonChannel

andPotomacPark.Asa

destinationanda

vantagepoint,the10thStreetOverlookcanlinktheNationalMallto

a

new

SouthwestWaterfrontneighborhoodandto

PotomacPark.41M

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THE

MALL

WITH

THE

WATERFRONTRestoreMarylandAvenueTHE

SOUTHWEST

RECTANGLEThe

prominence

of

Maryland

Avenue—aoverlook

plaza

and

pedestrian

walkway

between

theRESERVATION113

Reservation

113,

prominentlysymbolically

importantL’Enfant

street

that

is

thegeometric

twinof

Pennsylvania

Avenue—shouldberestored

byenhancing

itsexistingpublic

spacesand

strengtheningviews

along

thecorridor.Mostimportantly,

the

rail

linethat

now

dominates

thestreet

should

be

deckedor

realigned

to

reconnectthe

street

grid

and

to

restore

Maryland

Avenue

asan

urbanboulevard

focusedon

the

U.S.

Capitol.elevated

Maryland

Avenueand

thelower

grade

ofthe

tidal

basin

on

the

National

Mall.

Maintainingpedestrian

circulation

at

grade,

rather

thanacrossbridges,

will

help

to

linkthe

Southwest

Rectangle

tothe

Tidal

Basinand

the

waterfront.locatedattheintersectionof

Maryland

andVirginiaAvenuesbetween

7thand9thStreets,isthegeometriccomplementto

theNavy

MemorialplazaonPennsylvaniaAvenue,NW.

Thesitehas

beenmarginalizedbyrail,highway,andbuildingconstruction

over

theyears,resultingin

adiscontinuouslocalstreetgrid.ThefederalofficebuildingsborderingReservation

113

alsodonotencouragepublicuse.Along

the

avenue,

infill

development

can

strengthenthe

street

wall

to

better

frame

views

toward

theU.S.

Capitol,

increaseopportunities

for

federaloffice

space

and

a

mix

of

private

uses,

and

enhancestreet-level

activity.

In

additionto

the

Forrestalcomplexredevelopment

opportunities,

thereareseveral

locations

for

infill

development

alongMaryland

Avenue.

For

instance,

the

Cotton

Annexand

the

building

yard

south

of

the

current

FederalAviation

Administrationboth

offer

compellingredevelopment

opportunities.Improvingthe

publicrealm

along

MarylandAvenue

would

contribute

several

open

spacesto

Washington’s

system

of

parks

and

plazas.The

currentlyplannedPresident

Dwight

D.Eisenhower

Memorial

will

markMarylandAvenue’sarrival

at

the

National

Mall

as

asignificant

visitor

destination.

Reservation

113,at

the

intersection

of

Maryland

and

VirginiaAvenues,

should

be

revived

as

the

central

openspace

of

thecorridor,offeringa

welcome

publicamenity

in

the

heart

of

the

Southwest

Rectangle.The

intersection

of

Maryland

Avenueand10th

Streetoffers

a

significant

commemorativeopportunity,

and

the

avenue’scurrent

westernterminus

canbe

redesigned

to

improve

itslinkwiththe

Jefferson

Memorial

by

providinganThe

FrameworkPlan

proposesreclaimingthereservation

as

an

important

component

of

thepublicrealm

by

enlargingtheopenspacetoaccommodatepublicamenities

and

commemorative

elements,

andby

improving

circulation.While

thesite’stopographyposeschallengesfor

itsdesign,itdoesallow

aconnectionto

theL’Enfant

Plazatransportationhub

andactivestreet-leveluses,which

willensureitsvibrancy.To

realizethefullpotentialof

Reservation113,

therailroad

tracksshould

be

shifted

furthersouth,which

canbeaccomplishedin

conjunctionwiththe

plannedconstructionof

newtrack

withinthecorridor.This

shiftwould

requiretheredesignorredevelopmentof

the

General

ServicesAdministrationRegionalOffice

Building.The

width

of

Maryland

Avenue’sright-of-waywouldsupporta

completeand

sustainable

street,

includinga

wide,

planted

median

to

reduceand

slowstormwater

runoff

flowing

into

the

sewer

system;dedicatedbicycleand

transit

lanes

to

helpreducedependence

on

cars;

and

new

street

trees

to

helpreduceurban

heat

gain.1.

Decktheraillineto

reclaim

MarylandAvenueasacompleteandsustainablestreet.2.

DevelopReservation113asa

premierpublicpark.3.

CreateanoverlookandpedestrianconnectiontotheTidalBasin.Independence

Ave.1074.

DeveloptheCottonAnnexsitewithamixofuses.855.

DeveloptheFederalAviationAdministrationbuildingyardwithusessupportingground-floorretail.2416.

RedeveloptheLibertyLoanBuildingasapremierculturaldestinationwithground-flooramenities.7.

Deckthe9thStreettunnelbetweenIndependenceAvenueandD

Streetto

reestablish9thStreet.638.

Deckthefreewaytunnelto

reestablish11thand12thStreetsbetweenIndependenceAvenueandF

Street.9F

St.9.

Realign15thStreettoconnectwithanewFStreet.10.

PresidentDwightD.

EisenhowerMemorial,currentlyunderdesigndevelopment.Framework

Plan

proposalfortheMarylandAvenuecorridor.42M

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NTunneling

theraillineandreclaiminghistoricReservation113willcreatea

prominentcivicplaceattheintersectionofMarylandandVirginiaAvenuesonthe8thStreetaxiswithinviewoftheWashingtonMonumentto

thenorthwestandtheU.S.Capitolto

thenortheast.Realigningtheraillinecouldallow

fourtrackstoaccommodatefreightand

passengerraillines.CurrentviewoftheraillinealongMarylandAvenue,lookingnortheasttowardReservation113

andtheU.S.Capitol.ReestablishingMarylandAvenuewitha

seriesofcivicspaces

anddevelopingvacantparcelswillanchora

newneighborhoodalonganimportantL’Enfa