高考英语二轮复习易错点专练专题08动词时态和语态

2018年高考英语二轮复习易错点专练：专题08动词的时态和语态(2)2018年高考英语二轮复习易错点专练：专题08动词的时态和语态(2)2018年高考英语二轮复习易错点专练：专题08动词的时态和语态(2)（2017·北京）People______betteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey’relivinglongerasaresult.A.willhaveB.haveC.hadD.hadhad【答案】B【分析】句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去比较是此刻，所than前一句话是用此刻的时间，并且后一句用的就是此刻时态，所以前面也用此刻时态，应选B。2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)．..However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatwithinsixmonths...Later,engineers________(manage)toconstructrailwaysin

successandasystemofdeeptunnels(

地道),whichbecameknownastheTube.【答案】managed3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarahsays，“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment，school________(come)first...【分析】此处表示但当前，学校是第一位的。依据语境可知，这里指的是一般状况，所以用一般此刻时态。考生简单受时间状语atthemoment的影响，误填此刻进行时或许此刻达成时。【答案】comes4、（2017江苏）Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe____________.A.wasbeingfollowedB.wasfollowingC.hadbeenfollowedD.followed【答案】

A【分析】察看宾语从句和时态。依据句子成分可知，He和follow是被动关系，除去B、D。依据句意：在急促赶回家的路上，他从未回头看能否被追踪，用过去进行时最适合，答案选A。5.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Whenfatandsalt________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.【分析】句意：当脂肪和食盐被从食品中去掉今后，食品尝起来就忧如失掉了什么同样。根据句意可知这里fatandsalt和动词remove之间为动宾关系；由主句的时态可知，此处应用一般此刻时的被动语态。【答案】aremoved6.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodel，earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.【分析】句意：Sarah被见告，她能够成为英国新的超级名模，在下一年收入一百万美元。分析句子构造并联合句意可知，tell与主语Sarah是动宾关系，所以要用被动语态，故填wastold。此处也可用此刻达成时的被动语态，重申对此刻造成的影响。【答案】hasbeentold/wastold7.(2016·浙江，5)Whileonlineshopping________(change)ourlife，notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.【答案】haschanged【分析】句意：只管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，可是其实不是全部的影响都是踊跃的。主语是onlineshopping，联合语境以及后边的havebeen可知，这里要用此刻达成时。8．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，62)Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase，whereticketmoneyhelpspay

for

research.I________(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.【分析】

wasallowed

句意：,,

在这个占地六百英亩的中心，我被同意凑近这些可爱的动物。由语境可知作者被同意凑近这些动物，故用一般过去时的被动语态。9．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，62)Trulyelegantchopsticksmight________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.【分析】

bemade

句意：真实考究的筷子可能是由拥有中国特点的金或银制成的。

make和chopsticks

之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，空格前有

might

，所以用

bemade。10．(2016·四川，

61)Thegiant

panda________(love)by

people

throughout

the

world.11．(2016·四川，69)Then，aftertwoandahalfyears，themother________(drive)theyoungpandaaway.【分析】drove句意：此后，两年半今后这位母亲赶走了熊猫宝宝。依据句意可知，此处应用一般过去时。12．(2016·浙江，5)Whileonlineshopping________(change)ourlife，notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.【分析】haschanged句意：只管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，可是其实不是全部的影响都是踊跃的。主语是onlineshopping，联合语境以及后边的havebeen可知，这里要用此刻达成时。13．(2016·浙江，9)Silk________(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.【分析】hadbecome句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。byabout100BC是时间状语，这里重申到公元前100年为止，所以要用过去达成时。14．(2016·北京，

21)Jack________(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.【分析】

wasworking

句意：杰克正在实验室里工作的时候忽然停电了。本句使用了

bedoingsth.when...句式，表示“正在做某事，忽然,,”，此时主句用过去进行时，分句用一般过去时。15．(2016·北京，23)—Excuseme，whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?—ThenewStar.We________(wait)hereformorethantwohours.Wars1．(2016·北京，25)I________(read)halfoftheEnglishnovel，andI'lltrytofinishitattheweekend.【分析】haveread句意：这本英语小说我已经读了一半，这个周末我将全力把它读完。语境表示“已经读了一半”，应当用此刻达成时表示过去发生并且对此刻有影响的动作。17．(2016·北京，30)Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts________(reward)withsuccessintheend.18．(2016·新课标Ⅰ)Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesandhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.【分析】using→used句意：每日他都保证用于烹调的是新鲜的蔬菜和高质量的油。此处表示被动含义，beusedfor“被用来做”。易错发源

1、察看动词辨析例1．Muchashe________hehasagoodcommandofEnglishhardtofindanappropriateversionforsomeChineseidioms.

，hesometimesfeelsitA．announces

B．declaresC．claims

D．confirms【分析】察看动词词义辨析。此处

announces

通知；declares

宣告；claims

申明；

confirms证明。句意：固然他认可自己掌握了英语，但有时他感觉找到汉语的适合的英语翻译很难。依据句意选D项。【答案】D【变式研究】Trynottocoughmorethanyoucan________sinceitmaycauseproblemstoyourlungs.A.checkB．allowC．stopD．help【答案】D【分析】察看动词辨析。考生需掌握短语morethanonecanhelp的意思“尽量不”，故正确答案是D项。句意：尽量不要咳嗽，由于这会给你的肺带来问题。【名师点睛】高考常考的几组动词词义辨析1．injure，hurt，wound，destroyinjure一般指在不测事故中受伤是表示“损害”的一般用法，既可指对肉体的损害，也可指对情hurt感的损害wound常指外伤，尤指在战争、战斗中造成的损害destroy一般指完好破坏，常译成“破坏，破坏”Ididn'twanttohurthisfeelings.我不想损害他的感情。Hewaswoundedinthebattle.他在战斗中负过伤。2．beat，hit，strike，defeat，winbeat表示“(尤指用棍或其余硬物)接连地打，击”，还可表示“战胜，赛过”hit

表示对准目标打一下，重申击中strike

表示忽然性或一次性的击打defeat

(＝beat)

是指“击败，战胜”，宾语平常是人或集体是“(在,,

中

)获胜”或“赢”的意思，宾语平常为

war，match，game，prize

，winmedal，respect，battle等名词OurteambeattheAmericanteambyeight.我们队以超出美国队八分的成绩战胜了。Shehithimoutofanger.她生气地打了他一下。Thetowerwasstruckbylightning.该塔被闪电击中了。Hedefeatedalltheotherparticipantsandwontheprize.他击败了其余参赛者，获了奖。【神机秒术，战胜自我】adopt，attach，adapt，adjust的差别adoptvt.采纳，采纳；收养，领养vt.把,,附(在,,上)；重视attachattachmuchimportanceto...特别重视,,adapt

vt.

适应；

adaptoneselfto

适应于adjust

vt.适应，调整；

adjustoneselfto

适应于Thiskindofdeskcanbeadjustedtotheheightyouneed;besides,itisnotexpensiveatall.这个桌子能够依据你需要的高度而调整，并且一点也不贵。Recently,tomaintainnationalbalance,theChinesegovernmenthasadoptedapolicyofencouragingcollegegraduatestotakepositionsinruralareas.为了保持均衡，中国政府近来经过了一项激励大学毕业生去乡村就业的政策。Parentsattachmuchimportancetoeducation.Theywilldotheirbesttogivetheirchildrenthatpricelessgift.父亲母亲亲都特别重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力赏赐孩子们无价的馈送易错发源2、察看动词短语的用法和意义例2．Bodylanguagecangivealotaboutyourmood，sostandingwithyourarmsfoldedcansendoutasignalthatyouarebeingdefensive.【答案】away【名师点睛】多记一些常有动词及短语的含义和用法并学会在特定语境中灵巧运用。以下为常有短语动词:一、动词+介词/副词短语例句Acton照,,行事Heactsonprinciples.answerfor对,,负责Youwillanswerforwhatyou’vedone.Arm...against带武器以防Hearmedhimselfagainstwildanimals.agreewith同意(某人)Iagreewithher.agreeto同意(建议等)Theyagreedtotheproposal.apreeon(in)同意约定(问题，条件Theyagreedonthequestion.等)arriveat／in抵达(某地)HearrivedinNanjingatfiveo’clockyesterdaymornring.Atmat对准Heaimedthegunatthebird.Askafter问候Myfateraskedafteryou.Askfor恳求Theboyaskedformorefood.borrow．．．from从,,借来HeborrowedalikefromMary.believein相信Weallbelieveinher.belongto属于Thehousebelongstome.burstinto忽然,,起来Sheburstintotearsatthenews.beginat从(页)开始Todayweshallbeginatpage40.Babe...on依据hebasedtheconclusiononexperiments.beataboutthebush绕弯子Tellmethetruth.Don’tbeataboutthebush.Consistof由,,构成Thesocietyconsistsoffivemembers.congratulate,,on庆祝Wetoanend结束Tpare．．．to把,,比作Hpare．．．with同,,比较Shecomparedthebluepenwiththeredpen.carebr喜爱；照顾Hedoesn’tcareforplayingfootball.Change．．．for用,,互换Hechangedhisradioforarecorder.ChanSefrom．．．to从,,转到ShechangedfromteamAtoteamB.clearup转晴Teacross有时碰到Ieinto想出；进入Anideasuddenlycameintomymind.ca11up打电话Ishallcallherupsoon.Csllfor叫(人)Hewillcallforyouintheevening.callfor为,,叫唤Heheardsomeonecallingforhelp.cdllon接见(某人)ShewillcallonafriendonSunday.cdllon呼吁ThePartycalledonustostudyhard.Cure...of治愈Fhemedicinecuredhimofhispain.dependon依赖Hedependedonhismotherinlife.disagreewith与,,建议不同样Hedisagreedwithherovertheplan.Dieof因,,病、饥饿等而死Themandiedofcancer.Diefrom因,,伤、不测等而死Thediedmandiedfromaseriouswound.Diefor为,,而死Hediedforthepeople.devoteto把,,用于shedevotedallhermoneytohuvinebooks.engedin从事，忙于Heisengagedinwritingnewbook.Endwith以,,结束Thepartyendedwithdancing.failin在,,失败Shefailedinwinningthegame.findout查明Hehasnotfoundoutthetroubleyet.giveup放弃Nevergiveuphope.giveover战胜，渡过You’llsoongetoveryourshyness.Geton(／off)上车(／下车)ShegotonthebusatGulouSquare.Geton进展Heisgettingonwellinthework.Getreadyfor准备好Hehasgotreadyforthejourney.Getin收进ThepeasantsgotinthewheatinMay.growup长大，发展Thechildrenhavealreadygrownup.givein投诚(退步)Theygaveinatlast.Getup起床Shegetsupearlyeverymorning.Goon连续Themeetingwentondeepintothenight.goallout倾尽全力Theywentallouttobuildtheairport.Sothrough经过；细察Shewentthroughthebookbeforebuyingit.goover复习，看一遍Shewentoverthelessonsforthreetimes.godown(日，月)落下，下沉Themoonhasgonedown.gowithout放弃，没有也行Hehadtogowithoutfood.Handin交进来Theyhandedintheirpapeps.Havenothingtodowith与,,无Hehasnothingtodowiththematter.关Havesomethingtodowith与,,Doesshehaveanythingtodowiththecase?没关Headfor朝,,去Theshipisheadingforthenearestport.Helpwith帮助HehelpedherwithherEnglish.Help...in在,,帮助HehelpedherinstudyinEnglish.Hopefor希望(获得)ShehopedforMroduce．．．to．．．介绍Sheintroducedmetoherfather.inspire．．．with．．．以,,激发Heinspiredthemwithcourage.insiston坚持Serferewith(in)阻截；干预Don’tinterfereWithhiswork.joinin参加(活动)shealsojoinedinthedancing.joinsb.in加入某人从事Hejoinedusinwateringthetees.keepon连续Shekeptonmakingexperinents.Knockat敲(门等)Someoneisknockingatthedoor.loogfor希望I’mlongingforaletterfromhim.lookup查寻；向上看Heislookingupanewwordinthedictionary.lookupon．．．as把,,看作Doyoulookuponhimasagoodfriend?learn．．．byheart背会Shehaslearntitbyheart.Leavefor出发去HeisleavingforNanjingnextweek.lookfor找寻Thepolicearelookingforthelostcar.Liein位于Thetownliesinthehills.liveon靠,,生活，以,,为主食Sheepliveongrass.laughat对,,笑，嘲讽Don’tlaughatothers.lookthrout翻阅；阅读Theboylookedthroughthepicturebook.Mix．．．with同,,混淆Oilandwatercan’tmixwitheachother.meetwith碰到Shemetwithsomedifficulties.makeupone’smind决定Hehasmadeuphismindwhattosay.Oweto归功于Heowedallhissuccesstohisparents.Operateon为,,手术Heoperatedonthewoundedsoldier.Put．．．into把,,放入Sheputthebookintothebag.playwith玩Theboyplayedwithatoytank.Putup举起Theyputuptheirhands.Putup挂起Sheputupapictureonthewall.Putoff推达Thematchisputoffowingtotherain.Pointout指出Theteacherpointedouthismistakes.presideover主持(会议)Whoistopresideoverthemeeting?present...with赠予Hepresentedherwithagoldwatch.Put．．．across使理解(相信)Shedidn’tputthemeaningacrossverywell.Prevent．．．from阻截Thesnowpreventedhimfromcoming.persistin坚持Hepersistedindoingthat.Popractice实行Weshallputtheplanintopractice.quarrelover为,,争执Theyquarrelledovertheproperty.quarrelwith同,,争执Shequanelledwithhermother.Replyto回复Hehasn’trepliedtomeyet.recoverfrom恢复Shehasrecoveredfromherillness.Relyon依赖Hereliedonhisdaughterinthepast.refrainfrom想法不，忍住Pleaserefrainfromsmoking.Rob...of...抢走Thepainrobbedhimofsleep.Runover辗过去Thebusrunoverhislegs.resultfrom由,,惹起Hisillnessresultsfromovereating.resultin致使Overeatingresultsinhisillness.Remembersb.to代问好Pleaseremembermetoyourmother.Setabout着手干Theysetabouttheworkatonce.Setout出发Theysetoutatdawn.succeedin成功Hesucceededinpassingtheexam.Speakoff说到Sheoncespokeofthebooktome.Supply...with供给Theysuppliedthesoldierswithweapons.sharein分担(享)Hesharedinherjoysandsorrows.sharesthwithsb与某人共同使用Shesharedaroomwithothers.settlein部署下来Hesettledinasmalltown.Seethrough看破Ihavealreadyseenthroughtheman.Seetoit保证Seetoitthattheworkisdonewell.sendfor派人请Wehavesentforthedoctor.Standby支持We’llstandbyyouinyourhourofneed.Standof代表Whatdoes“U.S,”standfar?spend．．．on开支Shespentalotofmoneyonbooks.showaround带,观光Heshowedtheguestsaroundthecity.talkabout谈论whatareyoutakingabout?over渡过liehastidedoverhisillness.turnagainst背叛Shewillneverturnagainsthercountry.turninto变为Watercanturnintogas.turnto翻到，转向Pleaseturntopage10.thinkof思念Wethinkofyouallthetime.thinkabout(of)考虑Theyarethinkingaboutbuyingit.turnon翻开Pleaseturnontheradio.turnoff关掉Pleaseturnoffthelightsintheroom.tell．．．from划分Ican’ttellherfromhersister.takeoff脱去Sheaskedhimtotakeoffthecost.turnout关掉Heforgottoturnoutthegas.turnout生产Thefactoryturnsont100carsperday.turnround绕着,转Theearthturnsroundthesun.turnup出现Hedidn’tturnupuntileleveno’clock.tobeginwith第一Tobeginwith,weareshortofmoney.waitfor等候Weshallwaitforyouattheschoolgate.watchoutfor防备Weshouldwatchoutfortheenemy.writeto给,,写信Hewrotetomelastweek.wakeup醒来Sheusuallywakesupatfive.wipeout消灭Theenemytroopshavebeenwipedout.watchover照看Theoldshouldwatchovertheyoung.二、过去分词+介词（这种短语常同连系动词连用）短语例句beabsorbedin聚精会神于heisabsorbedinreading.bebrudenedwith负重heisburdenedwithaheavyload.beconnectedwith同,,相关，同,,Heisnolongerconnectedwiththe有联系company.becoveredwith覆盖Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.becrowdedwith挤满Sheisdressedinred.bedressedin衣着Sheisdressedinred.beengagedto与,,订亲MaryisengagedtoJohn.beequippedwith装备Heisexperiencedinmendingbikes.beexperiencedin对,,有经验Heisexperiencedinmendingbikes.befilledwith填满Theholeisfilledwithants.befurnishedwith供给，部署Theyarefurnishedwithenoughfood.beinterestedin对,,有兴趣Heisinterestedinthepicture.bejoinedto连结，联合Onepipeisjoinedtoanother.beknownas因,,而出名Heisknownasapainter..beknownfor因,,而出名Thehillisknownforthetemplebelookedonas作为,对待Heislookedonastheirleader.bemadeinto被制成，使成为Theboywasmadeintoanartist.bemadeupof由,,构成Acarismadeupofmanydifferentparts.bemarriedto与,,成婚Sheismarriedtoamusician.bepleasedwith对,,喜爱，满意Heispleasedwiththework.bepreparedfor准备好Theyarepreparedforthejourney.beregardedas被以为Heisregardedasthegreatestpoet.besatisfiedwith对,,满意Iamsatisfiedwithyouranswer.beashamedof对,,感觉内疚Sheisashamedofheraction.betiredof(sth)对,,讨厌Heistiredofthiskindoflife.beterrifiedat被,,吓一跳Heisrerrifiedatthesnake.三、动词+名词+介词短语例句applyone’smindto专心于Heappliedhismindtostudy.catchsightof瞧见，看见Icaughtsightofherjustnow.catch(take)holdof抓住Hecaughtholdofthegirlbythehand.devoteoneselfto献身于，专心于Shedevotesherselftoeaching.devoteone’slifeto为,,献身Hedevoteshislifetotheresearch.do(great)harmto对,,危害(大)Therainhasdonegreatharmtothecrops.do(great)wrongto冤枉，委屈Don’tdowrongtoaninnocentperson.feelpityfor对,,感觉同情Hefeltpityforthepoorgirl.Fixone’seyeson凝望Hefixedhiseyesonthegirl.formthehabitof养成,,的习惯Hehasformedthehabitofgettingupearly.Getagoodholdof抓牢Hegotagoodholdoftherope.Getintouchwith同,,获得联系Igotintouchwithherbyphone.Getirdof除掉，挣脱Shehasgotridofthehadabit.givedviceon提出,,建议Hegaveadviceoncityplanning.havenoneof不同样意，不接受Hewillhavenoneofyouremptypromise.havetrustin相信Shehadtrustinhim.have(no)difficultyin(没)有困难Hehasdifficultjyindoingthework.haveawordwith同,,讲话Iwanttohaveawordwithyou.havetroublein在,,有麻烦Shehadtroubleinthematter.havealookat看一下Letmehaveagoodatit.havewordswith同,,吵嘴(争执)Hehadwordswithhiswife.have(show)interestin对,,有兴Hehasgreatintertstinthiskindof趣film.have(deep)effecton对,,有(深远)Thebookhasgreateffectonhislife.影响havemercyon同情，同情Hehasnomercyonthepooroldman.have(take)pityon同情Hehasgreatpityonthesickboy.havethehonourof有幸,,hehasthehonourofmeetingherthere.helponeselfto请吃；自用Pleasehelpyourselftosomefruit.keeparecordof记录Shekeptarecordofherdailylife.makefriendswith同,,交朋友Hemadefridndswithaforeigngirl.makefunof讥笑Don’tmakefunofhim.make(the)bestuseof充分利用Theymakethebestuseofthemoney.make(good，full)useof(很好，充分)Yousholdmakegooduseofyourtime.利用makeanapologyto向,,致歉Hemadeanapologytoher.makeone’swayto走向Hemadehiswaytothehouse.makepreparationsfor准备Sheismakingpreparationsfortheholiday.makeadivefor猛冲Thedogmakeadiveforthebone.makeamistakeabout为,,产生误解Don’tmadeamistakeabouther.makeastudyof研究，学习Ishallmakeastudyoftheplan.Payattentionto注意Hepaidmuchattentiontoherlife.passajudgementon裁决,,Thecourtpassedajudgementonthecase.Putone’sheartandsoulinto全神Sheputherheartandsouldintothe贯注于work.Setfireto纵火、点火Theysetfiretothehome.Showrespectfor敬爱Theyshowrespectfortheold.showmercyot同情Nevershowmercytotheenemy.Saygood-beyto向,,作别Theysaidgood-beytoeachother.Sayhelloto打招呼Hesaidhellotothestudents.Setanexampleto建立典范Hesetanexampletotheyoung.shakehandswith握手Theyshookhandswitheachother.takeaimat对准Hetookcarefulaimattheother.takethesideof支持，站在一边Theytookthesideonthegovernment.throwlighton说明，令人理解Hisexplanationthrewlightonthepoem.takepridein因,,而骄傲Shetookprideinhersuccess.takepartin参加Theytookanactivepartinsports.takedelightin以,,为乐Hetoodgreatdelightintravel.takeamessagefor捎个口信Pleasetakeamessageforher.四、动词+副词+介词短语例句Addupto总计为Theincomeaddsupto1000dollars.breakawayfrom改掉，与,,走开hehasbrokenawayfromthebadhabit.关系beupto应由,,，轮到,,Itisuptohertoanswerthequestion.Cutdownon减少Hehascutdownonexpese.catchupwith追上Icancatchupwiththem.beatdownon直射Teupto达到(标准)比得上Theresultdidn’tcomeuptoourexpectations.Comupagainst碰到(反对、困难)Theplancameupwiththem.dowellin在,,做得好Hedoeswellinthework.dropinon趁便来访Hedropsinonussometimes.doawaywith取销Theyhavedoneawaywiththeoldlaw.faceupto面对，肩负Wemustfaceuptothefact.Fitinwith适合，符合Theclothesfitinwithher.fallbackon依赖Hehasagoodfriendtofallbackon.Getthroughwith达成，花光Theyhavegotthroughwiththework.Getdownto开始仔细做Let’sgetdowntobusiness.Geton(along)with进展，相处Hegotonwellwithpeoplehere.Getoutof从,,出来，挣脱Hegotoutofdebt.goonwith连续Theywentonwiththemeeting.goaheadof先行Hewentaheadofthem.gobackof背信，背弃Hewentbackonhispromise.Gotoutof从,,